Antimutagenic effects of centchroman--a contraceptive and a candidate drug for breast cancer in multiple mutational assays.
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Centchroman (CC), a non-steroidal oral contraceptive and a candidate drug for breast cancer, has been reported to exhibit partial to complete remission of lesions in 40.5% of breast cancer patients. The potent anti-oestrogenic activity, negligible side-effects and anti-breast cancer activity of CC prompted us to evaluate the antimutagenic effects of this compound in a bacterial mutagenicity assay and CHO/HPRT and AS52/GPT mutation assays in vitro and in vivo in female Swiss albino mice as measured by both sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberrations (CA) against three known positive mutagen compounds, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC). Antimutagenicity assays in Salmonella strains TA97a, TA100, TA98 and TA102 were carried out against commonly used known positive mutagens, sodium azide, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, cumine hydroperoxide, 2-aminofluorene and danthron. A significantly reduced number of bacterial histidine revertant colonies was observed in the plates treated with 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 microg/plate CC and a positive compound when compared with bacterial plates treated with the respective positive compound alone. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), a commonly used positive mutagen for CHO/HPRT and AS52/GPT gene mutation assays, was used for antimutagenicity assay in these cells. CC exhibited protective effects against the mutagenicity of EMS in these two mammalian cell mutation assays, CHO/HPRT and AS52/GPT. In the in vivo studies, pretreatment with CC reduced DMBA-induced SCE and CA and CP- and MMC-induced CA when compared with the group treated only with the positive compounds. These results indicate that CC can reduce the mutagenic effects of known genotoxic compounds. (+info)
Polyphenols sensitization potentiates susceptibility of MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cells to Centchroman.
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Effect of centchroman on tubal transport and preimplantation embryonic development in rats.
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A single oral administration of centchroman (1.25 mg/kg) to adult female rats within 24 h of mating induced slight acceleration in the rate of transport of embryos through the oviducts. The compound did not seem to produce any deleterious effect on preimplantation embryonic development since well organized and apparently normal embryos were collected from the genital tract up to Day 12 of pregnancy. The recovery rate of embryos from centchroman-treated rats was, however, significantly reduced after Day 4 of pregnancy. There was some stimulation in the rate of cleavage of embryos and morula to blastocyst transformation, but retardation in the shedding of the zona pellucida. The rate of blastocyst formation was not altered when 6-8-cell embryos collected from the oviducts of control rats were transferred to the uteri of control or centchroman-treated females. A delay in zona shedding was observed in the centchroman-treated recipients. (+info)
Viability and development of 'tube-locked' mouse embryos.
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'Tube-locked' morulae and blastocysts were recovered from the ampulla of the oviduct of centchroman-treated mice between Days 4 and 12 post coitum and transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant female mice. Pregnancy and implantation rates were lower and the post-implantation resorption rate was higher in the treated than in the control group. There was little difference in the pregnancy or implantation rates between embryos recovered on Days 4 or 12 post coitum, but the resorption rate increased with increasing duration of embryos in the oviducts and was 100% for the Day-12 embryos. The resorption rate was similar even when these embryos were transferred to the sterile uterine horn of unilaterally pregnant mice. Centchroman did not produce any deleterious effect on embryos which survived until Day 19 of pregnancy in foster mothers. The average fetal weight was also comparable to those of control fetuses. (+info)
Duration of anti-implantation action of the triphenylethylene anti-oestrogen centchroman in adult female rats.
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The duration of the anti-implantation action of a single oral post-coital dose (1.25 mg kg-1) of a triphenylethylene anti-oestrogen, centchroman, was determined in adult rats. The effects of centchroman were compared with those of tamoxifen. In rats undergoing delay, centchroman administered orally on day 7 post-coitum prevented the induction of implantation of delayed blastocysts by an implantation inducing dose (1 micrograms per rat, s.c.) of oestrone which was administered earlier than 120 h after centchroman treatment. In tamoxifen (0.2 mg kg-1, orally) pretreated rats, oestrone administered at 144 h or later induced implantation. In cyclic rats treated with centchroman at intervals of 168 h and mated with males of proven fertility, implantation was prevented only when the interval between centchroman treatment and nidatory oestrogen secretion was less than 120 h. None of the females conceived when treated regularly at intervals of 120 h during exposure to fertile males. Discontinuation of treatment resulted in the occurrence of normal implantations in rats that mated 48 h or later after the last dose of centchroman, since in these animals the interval between anti-oestrogen treatment and nidatory oestrogen secretion was greater than 120 h. These findings suggest that the duration of the anti-implantation action of a single oral antifertility dose of centchroman in rats is about 120 h. Recovery of normal blastocysts from rats treated continuously with this dose of centchroman at these intervals suggests lack of significant effect on follicular maturation, ovulation, fertilization, preimplantation development or mating behaviour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) (+info)