Salvia miltiorrhiza and ischemic diseases.
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The demonstration of beneficial effects of salvia miltiorrhiza (DanShen) on ischemic diseases has revolutionized the management of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke in Chinese society. Experimental studies have shown that DanShen dilated coronary arteries, increased coronary blood flow, and scavenged free radicals in ischemic diseases, so that it reduced the cellular damage from ischemia and improved heart functions. Clinical trials also indicated that DanShen was an effective medicine for angina pectoris, MI, and stroke. This review will focus on DanShen's effects in angina pectoris, MI and stroke. (+info)
Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge injection on anticardiolipin antibody production induced by beta2 glycoprotein.
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AIM: To explore the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of Chinese herbs on antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by observing the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge injectio (SmBI) on anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) induced by beta2 glycoprotein I (beta2-GP I). METHODS: Sixty female mice randomly fell into 6 groups: group A, B, C, D was injected through abdominal cavity with different dosage of SmBI daily; after 14 d, group A, B, C, E was immunized with 150 microg of purified human beta2-GP I in complete Freund's adjuvant subcutaneously; group F as control. The titre of aCL were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; subsets of T cell were grouped by streptavidin-biotin complex technique; and the activity of IL-2 was measured by MTT chromatometry. RESULTS: (1) Compared with group E, the absorbance (A) of aCL in group A, B, and C was decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). By linear correlation, the dosage is negatively correlated with the A values of aCL in 1, 2, and 3 weeks (P < 0.01). (2) Compared with group E, TH/TS ratio was reduced in group A, B, and C (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); there is no significant differences between group D and F (P>0.05). By linear correlation, the dosage is negatively correlated with TH/TS ratio (P < 0.01). (3) Compared with E, the activity of IL-2 in group B and C decreased significantly (P < 0.01). By linear correlation, there is negative correlation between dosage and IL-2 activity (P < 0.01). There is no significant difference between D and F (P > 0.05). (4) There is positive correlation between TH/TS ratio and IL-2 activity in different dilutions (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The mechanism of suppressive effect of SmBI on aCL induced by beta2-GP I may be realized by resuming the elevated TH/TS ratio and IL-2 activity. The state that SmBI have no effect on normal mice indicates that SmBI has selective immunoregulative functive. (+info)
Magnesium lithospermate B inhibits hypoxia-induced calcium influx and nitric oxide release in endothelial cells.
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AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) on hypoxia-induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and nitric oxide (NO) release in endothelial cells. METHODS: The cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304) were cultured for 30 min under 95 % N(2) and 5 % CO2. Cell injury was evaluated by dye exclusion test and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. [Ca2+]i was determined by Fura 2-AM. NO content was examined by the NO assay kit. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expressions were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Cell viability was decreased from (93.0 +/- 2.6) % in normoxia to (85.5 +/- 2.1) % in hypoxia (P < 0.01), and LDH release was increased from (41 +/- 28) U/L in normoxia to (141+/-68) U/L in hypoxia (P < 0.01) in ECV304 cultured under calcium conditions. MLB 5 and 10 mg/L improved cell viability and inhibited LDH leakage in ECV304. In addition, hypoxia increased [Ca2+]i, NO release, and eNOS and iNOS mRNA expressions in ECV304 (P < 0.01). These increases could be inhibited by MLB 5 and 10 mg/L (P < 0.01), but they were unaffected by hypoxia under calcium-free conditions. CONCLUSION: MLB attenuates hypoxia-induced cell injury and inhibits hypoxia-induced increases of [Ca2+]i, NO release, and eNOS and iNOS mRNA expressions in ECV304 in Krebs'solution containing calcium. The decreases of NO production and eNOS mRNA expression are possibly associated with inhibition of extracellular calcium influx in MLB-treated ECV304 (+info)
Salvianolate inhibits proliferation and endothelin release in cultured rat mesangial cells.
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AIM: To study the effects of salvianolate, an aqueous extract of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, on the proliferation and endothelin release of cultured rat mesangial cells. METHODS: The proliferation of mesangial cells was determined in terms of [3H]thymidine uptake. The concentration of endothelin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The cytotoxicity of salvianolate was tested by tetrazolium (MTT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/L increased the proliferation and endothelin release in cultured mesangial cells. When mesangial cells pretreated with 3, 10, and 30 mg/L of salvianolate were incubated for 4 h with LPS, salvianolate exhibited a concentration dependent inhibitory effect on proliferation and endothelin levels in the mesangial cells induced by LPS. Furthermore, the increased basal levels of mesangial cells proliferation and the endothelin release were also effectively inhibited by salvianolate 30 mg/L at 4, 8, and 12 h. Besides, no cytotoxicity of salvianolate was observed. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that salvianolate can inhibit mesangial cells proliferation, which may be related to the decrease of endothelin release. (+info)
Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis via caspase-3 activation.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of IH764-3 on HSC apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 protein in HSC apoptotic process. METHODS: HSCs were cultured in medium with different IH764-3 doses(10 microg.mL(-1) 20 microg.mL(-1) 30 microg.mL(-1) 40 microg.mL(-1)) and without IH764-3 and HSC proliferation was quantitatively measured by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. The morphological changes of HSCs were observed with transmission electron microscope after exposure to the dose of 40 microg.mL(-1) of IH764-3 for 48 hr. The apoptosis rates were detected by annexin V/PI and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of caspase-3 protein was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: (1) HSC proliferation rates induced with different IH764-3 doses (10 microg.mL(-1) 20 microg.mL(-1) 30 microg.mL(-1) 40 microg.mL(-1)) were significantly reduced compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). (2)With the doses above,IH764-3 dose-dependently produced HSC apoptosis rates of 6.7%(9.4%) 9.3%(21.6%) 15.1%(27.2%) and 19.0%(28.4%) respectively by annexin V and PI-labeled flow cytometry assay or TUNEL while it was only 2.3%(6.7%) in the control. (3) The expression of caspase-3 protein in IH764-3 groups was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the dose range used in present study IH764-3 can inhibit HSC proliferation as well as enhance HSC apoptosis. Furthermore IH764-3 can significantly increase the caspase-3 protein expression. (+info)
Effects of xiaoyu tablet on endothelin-1, nitric oxide, and apoptotic cells of atherosclerotic vessel wall in rabbits.
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AIM: To investigate the mechanism of xiaoyu tablet on reduction of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in atherosclerotic vessel wall. METHODS: The atherosclerotic model was performed in male New Zealand rabbits that were given high fat diet and abrasion of the abdominal aorta endothelial cells. The rabbits were then administered with xiaoyu tablet 0.16-0.32 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 16 weeks. Changes in morphology, endothelin (ET)-1, nitric oxide (NO), and apoptotic cells of atherosclerotic vessel wall were determined by the microscopy, radioimmunoassay, colorimetric method, the techniques of DNA in situ end labeling, and image pattern analysis, respectively. RESULTS: After 16 weeks of xiaoyu tablet treatment, intimal thickness and SMC in atherosclerotic vessel wall were diminished, ET-1 was decreased by 8.2 %-42.6 %, NO was increased by 7.5 %-54.2 %, and labeled apoptotic nuclei were markedly decreased, the area and integral optical density of positive granule were (846+/-308) microm2 and 3425+/-1374 in atherosclerotic group and (225+/-60) microm2 and 1445+/-606 in xiaoyu tablet 0.32 g/kg group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Xiaoyu tablet not only inhibited proliferation of SMC through reducing ET-1 in atherosclerotic vessel wall, but also induced apoptosis of SMC by increasing NO in vessel wall. (+info)
Effective isolation of magnesium lithospermate B and its inhibition of aldose reductase and fibronectin on mesangial cell line.
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We developed an effective isolation method of magnesium lithospermate B from Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix and found for the first time that magnesium lithospermate B shows strong in vitro inhibition (IC50=0.04 microM) of aldose reductase (AR), 2.5 times than that of clinically used epalrestat (IC50=0.1 microM) and accumulation of fibronectin dose dependently. (+info)
Contents of four active components in different commercial crude drugs and preparations of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza).
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AIM: To detect the contents of four active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in various commercially available danshen crude drugs and preparations. METHODS: Commercially available danshen crude drugs from different sources, as well as danshen pills and intravenous injection preparations containing danshen alone or in combination with other herbs were collected. The composition of these danshen samples was analyzed using HPLC. Specifically, the amounts of magnesium tanshinoate B (MTB), danshensu, isotanshinone HA, and cryptotanshinone were determined. In some of these samples, the content of MTB was further confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS)/MS method. RESULTS: There were great variations in the amount of the four active ingredients in the commercially available danshen crude drugs and drug preparations in this study. The amount of MTB was the highest among the four components measured in the crude drugs. However, the amounts of MTB in all danshen preparations were much lower than those in crude drugs. The 2 lipophilic components, isotanshinone HA and cryptotanshinone, were very low or not detectable in both injection and oral preparations. CONCLUSION: MTB can be used to standardize the various forms of danshen crude drugs and drug preparations from different sources. In view of the variation in the amounts of MTB and other components, improvement in the production methods of danshen preparations is essential to ensure consistent amount of its active ingredients and reproducible pharmacological actions. (+info)