An x-ray study of valgus ankles in spina bifida children with valgus flat foot deformity.
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Radiological examination of the ankles of spina bifida children with flail lower limbs and valgus flat foot deformity has revealed a high incidence of abnormal valgus tilt of the ankle-joint. A study of ankle X-rays of spina bifida children before and after extra-articular subtalar fusion in which the bone graft is removed from the ipsilateral tibia has shown that the valgus tilt of the mortice may increase after this procedure. (+info)
A new look at osteogenesis imperfecta. A clinical, radiological and biochemical study of forty-two patients.
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In a clinical, radiological and biochemical study of forty-two patients from Oxford with osteogenesis imperfecta, it was found that patients could be divided simply into mild, moderate and severe groups according to deformity of long bones. In the severe group (seventeen patients) a family history of affected members was uncommon and fractures began earlier and were more frequent than in the mild group (twenty-two patients); sixteen patients in the severe group had scoliosis and eleven had white sclerae; no patients in the mild group had white sclerae or scoliosis. Radiological examination of the femur showed only minor modelling defects in patients in the mild group, whereas in the severe group five distinct appearances of bone (thin, thick, cystic and buttressed bones, and those with hyperplastic callus) were seen. The polymeric (structural) collagen from skin was unstable to depolymerisation in patients in the severe group, but normal in amount, whereas the reverse was found in the mild group. This division according to long bone deformity may provide, a basis for future research more useful than previous classifications. (+info)
Flat foot. A preliminary report of an operation for severe cases.
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The pathogenesis of flat foot and its operative correction for severe cases are reviewed. The importance of the medial plantar fascia in maintaining the structural integrity of the foot is emphasised. Reinforcement of an incompetent plantar fascia by separating the inner half of the calcaneal tendon and attaching it to the neck of the first metatarsal has given results in three patients that were satisfactory at two, six and seven years later. (+info)
Calcaneo-valgus deformity.
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A discussion of the essential deformity in calcaneo-valgus feet develops a theme originally put forward in 1961 on the relapsed club foot (Evans 1961). Whereas in the normal foot the medial and lateral columns are about equal in length, in talipes equino-varus the lateral column is longer and in calcaneo-valgus shorter than the medial column. The suggestion is that in the treatment of both deformities the length of the columns be made equal. A method is described of treating calcaneo-valgus deformity by inserting cortical bone grafts taken from the tibia to elongate the anterior end of the calcaneus. (+info)
Calcaneal osteotomy and transfer of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus for stage-II dysfunction of tibialis posterior. Three- to five-year results.
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The treatment of acquired flat foot secondary to dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) of stage II, as classified by Johnson and Strom, remains controversial. Joint sparing and soft-tissue reconstructive procedures give good early results, but few studies describe those in the medium-term. We studied prospectively the outcome of surgery in 51 patients with classical stage-II dysfunction of the PTT treated by a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy and transfer of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus. We reviewed 44 patients with a mean follow-up of 51 months (38 to 62). The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle/hindfoot rating scale improved from 48.8 before operation to 88.5 at follow-up. The operation failed in two patients who later had a calcaneocuboid fusion. The outcome in 43 patients was rated as good to excellent for pain and function, and in 36 good to excellent for alignment. There were no poor results. (+info)
Foot problems as risk factors of fractures.
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This case-control study examines whether foot problems are risk factors of fractures of five sites among people aged 45 years or older at six Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers in northern California. From October 1996 to May 2001, interviewers collected information through a standardized questionnaire. Incident cases of distal forearm (n = 1,000), foot (n = 827), proximal humerus (n = 448), shaft of the tibia/fibula (n = 168), and pelvis (n = 172) fractures and 1,913 controls from the same medical centers were included. After adjustment for potential confounders and for each additional foot problem, the odds of a foot fracture increased by 8% (adjusted odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.13). In contrast, each additional foot problem was associated with a reduction in the odds of a forearm fracture (adjusted odds ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 0.98). In general, foot problems were not related to fractures of other sites, although diabetes, which may result in foot problems, increased the odds of a proximal humerus fracture (adjusted odds ratio = 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 2.26). If these findings are supported by data from other studies, preventive measures to retard the development of foot problems could reduce the incidence of foot fractures. (+info)
A RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MAJOR FOOT DEFORMITIES.
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Major foot deformities were analyzed using standardized radiographic drawings of the foot in weight-bearing. Specific criteria and a classification of foot deformities by radiographic analysis are presented, utilizing "lining systems" related to the main bones of the hindfoot.The radiographic appearance of the foot is described and analyzed, as are the principal deformities such as varus and valgus heel and forefoot. The prefixes "talipes" and "pes" have been used to signify congenital and acquired deformities, respectively.Specific foot deformities, including talipes equinovarus (clubfoot), pes planovalgus (flatfoot), pes cavus, and metatarsus varus, are analyzed. This method can also be applied in the radiological analysis of any foot deformity.By using this technique, a brief, concise and simplified analysis of foot deformities is available to the student, general practitioner, and specialist. (+info)
The relationship between the flexible flatfoot and plantar fasciitis: ultrasonographic evaluation.
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between flexible flatfoot and plantar fasciitis. METHODS: Twenty-three subjects with flexible flatfoot and 23 subjects with normal arched feet were enrolled. Footprint analysis was used to evaluate the foot conditions in both groups to calculate the individual arch index. We compared the sonographic images of plantar fascia in the flexible flatfoot group with the normal arch group using high-frequency ultrasound. RESULTS: The analysis results indicated that the thickening of the plantar fascia in the flexible flatfoot group was significantly different from the normal arch group. In the flexible flatfoot group, 10 of 23 patients (43.4%) had plantar fasciitis, but only two subjects (8.7%) in the normal arch group had plantar fasciitis. CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher incidence of plantar fasciitis in the flexible flatfoot group than the normal arch control group in this study. (+info)