• Hepatic steatosis: innocent bystander or guilty party? (nih.gov)
  • Hepatic steatosis is a multifactorial condition that is often observed in obese patients and is a prelude to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (nature.com)
  • We reveal molecular networks linking the gut microbiome and the host phenome to hepatic steatosis. (nature.com)
  • Patients with steatosis have low microbial gene richness and increased genetic potential for the processing of dietary lipids and endotoxin biosynthesis (notably from Proteobacteria), hepatic inflammation and dysregulation of aromatic and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. (nature.com)
  • The overall objective of this research was to investigate the status of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and molecules associated with its signaling, in the pathological state of hepatic steatosis. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • The effect of NSAID piroxicam, a cancer preventive agent also known to affect TNF-α signaling on hepatic steatosis, was also investigated. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • These rats exhibit hepatic steatosis in adulthood similar to those noted in obese individuals. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Liver histology and the level of total lipids confirmed that Zucker obese rats had hepatic steatosis, which was further augmented by piroxicam treatment. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Background: Accumulation of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the liver is known to induce hepatic steatosis and inflammation causing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (lu.se)
  • Effect of Probiotics or Berberine in Hepatic Steatosis Markers, Cardiometabolic and Microbiotic Profile in NAFL. (centerwatch.com)
  • Effect of oral selected Probiotics (PRO) and/or Berberine (BBR) supplementation on hepatic steatosis markers, cardiometabolic profile, and gut microbiota profile in the non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) - a randomized double-blind clinical study. (centerwatch.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: With hepatic steatosis (HS) being an established risk factor for CVD in the general population, it may also be a predictor of CVD in patients with schizophrenia. (aau.dk)
  • This condition can lead to enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly), a buildup of scar tissue (hepatic fibrosis), and liver failure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is an autosomal recessive disease that primarily affects the hepatobiliary and renal systems. (medscape.com)
  • It is characterized by hepatic fibrosis, portal hypertension, and renal cystic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital hepatic fibrosis is one of the fibropolycystic diseases, which also include Caroli disease , autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). (medscape.com)
  • Congenital hepatic fibrosis is associated with an impairment of renal functions, usually caused by an ARPKD, which is a severe form of polycystic kidney disease . (medscape.com)
  • Because of the variable clinical presentations, congenital hepatic fibrosis is believed to represent a broad spectrum of hepatic and renal lesions rather than a single clinical entity. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital hepatic fibrosis results from a malformation of the ductal plate (the embryological precursor of the biliary system), secondary biliary strictures, and periportal fibrosis. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a ductal plate malformation of the small interlobular bile ducts, whereas Caroli disease involves the large intrahepatic bile ducts. (medscape.com)
  • The classic renal lesion associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis is ARPKD, which results in an impairment of renal functions. (medscape.com)
  • The relationship of ARPKD to congenital hepatic fibrosis remains a controversial issue. (medscape.com)
  • [ 9 ] Most cases of ARPKD and congenital hepatic fibrosis are genetically homogeneous. (medscape.com)
  • However, the exact pathogenesis of association between congenital hepatic fibrosis and ADPKD still requires further research and study. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital hepatic fibrosis is characterized by the intrahepatic form of portal hypertension, which is caused by the intrahepatic obstruction that affects the blood supply to the liver and subsequently leads to the development of cavernous transformations of the portal vein with a rise in portal venous pressure. (medscape.com)
  • The number of hepatic progenitors is correlated with the degree of chronic hepatitis and the stage of liver fibrosis [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These facts propose that it is difficult for hepatic progenitors to regenerate the liver in microenvironment of severe liver fibrosis except control and clearance of the underlying causative etiology. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been shown that mouse experimental liver fibrosis [ 11 , 12 ] and hepatic stellate cell activation could be alleviated by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a major health problem leading to cirrhosis and death. (sbir.gov)
  • PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: When the liver is repeatedly injured by alcohol abuse or hepatitis viral infection, hepatic fibrosis is part of the response to these injuries, and if left untreated it can lead to irreversible liver damage (cirrhosis) and further serious complications such as hypertension, liver failure, and liver cancer. (sbir.gov)
  • This project will determne whether a novel molecule has the potential to be a therapeutic to stop the progression or reverse hepatic fibrosis following liver injury. (sbir.gov)
  • Hepatic Fibrosis Hepatic fibrosis is overly exuberant wound healing in which excessive connective tissue builds up in the liver. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Hepatic fibrosis is a detrimental phenomenon with progressive accumulation of types I and III collagen fibrils in the space of Disse, displacing normal matrix components (ie, type IV collagen, laminin, proteoglycans). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Asian-Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL) consensus guidelines on invasive and non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis: a 2016 update. (springer.com)
  • Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography. (springer.com)
  • Cirrhosis is defined histologically as a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and conversion of the normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. (medscape.com)
  • Only under certain pathophysiology conditions, when the proliferation capacity of mature hepatocytes is compromised, are quiescent hepatic stem cells activated and changed into hepatic progenitors to assist in liver restoration [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Likewise, the pathophysiologic mechanism that leads to hepatic encephalopathy in children with FHF has not been fully defined (see Pathophysiology and Etiology). (medscape.com)
  • CCN1 also induced Jag1 expression in hepatic stellate cells, whereupon they interacted with hepatic progenitor cells to promote their differentiation into cholangiocytes. (jci.org)
  • Peptide-Based siRNA Nanocomplexes Targeting Hepatic Stellate Cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • These injuries activate and transform quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into proliferative myofibroblast -like cells , which are the key contributors to the secretin of ECM in the fibrotic liver . (bvsalud.org)
  • What Is Hepatic Encephalopathy? (medicinenet.com)
  • Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) can occur when your liver stops filtering toxins from your blood. (medicinenet.com)
  • Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a condition that can happen when your liver stops filtering toxins (poisons) out of your blood as it should. (medicinenet.com)
  • Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) can come on slowly. (medicinenet.com)
  • To find out if you have Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), your doctor will look at your symptoms and ask about your medical history. (medicinenet.com)
  • Protein restriction should only be considered in the cat with hepatic encephalopathy (uncommon). (vin.com)
  • Common signs and symptoms may stem from decreased hepatic synthetic function (eg, coagulopathy), portal hypertension (eg, variceal bleeding), or decreased detoxification capabilities of the liver (eg, hepatic encephalopathy). (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy may range from mild to severe and may be observed in as many as 70% of patients with cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • Findings on physical examination in hepatic encephalopathy include asterixis and fetor hepaticus. (medscape.com)
  • An elevated arterial or free venous serum ammonia level is the classic laboratory abnormality reported in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scanning and MRI studies of the brain may be important in ruling out intracranial lesions when the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is in question. (medscape.com)
  • Decreased hepatic clearance of these neurotoxins and increased absorption may contribute to the encephalopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Efferents are apparently involved in regulating hepatic metabolism, and sinusoidal blood flow control. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their paper is titled "Gap junction inhibition prevents drug-induced liver toxicity and fulminant hepatic failure. (genengnews.com)
  • Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is usually defined as the severe impairment of hepatic functions or severe necrosis of hepatocytes in the absence of preexisting liver disease. (medscape.com)
  • Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) usually begins with exposure of a susceptible person to an agent capable of producing severe hepatic injury, although the exact etiology remains unidentified in many cases of FHF. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of pediatric fulminant hepatic failure differs significantly from adults in developed countries. (medscape.com)
  • We attempt here to present a similar case of undiagnosed Primary hepatic Pregnancy presenting in a collapsed state at our peripheral hospital, on 5.2.2003. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • Central necrosis of large solid neoplasms can mimic cystic hepatic tumors, in that this area of necrosis appears cystic. (medscape.com)
  • Knock-in mice expressing a CCN1 mutant that is unable to bind α v β 5 /α v β 3 were impaired in ductular reaction, leading to massive hepatic necrosis and mortality after bile duct ligation (BDL), whereas treatment of these mice with soluble JAG1 rescued ductular reaction and reduced hepatic necrosis and mortality. (jci.org)
  • The common hepatic artery is one of the final branches of the celiac artery. (healthline.com)
  • The common hepatic artery splits into the proper hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery. (healthline.com)
  • The proper hepatic artery enters the porta hepatis where it splits into the left and right hepatic arteries that supply the liver. (healthline.com)
  • The gastroduodenal branch of the common hepatic artery passes behind the duodenum and divides into the right gastroepiploic artery and the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. (healthline.com)
  • The right hepatic artery usually branches off the proper hepatic artery or the left hepatic artery but this varies in different people. (healthline.com)
  • The cystic artery originates from the right hepatic artery and supplies blood to the gallbladder. (healthline.com)
  • The hepatic artery proper splits off the common hepatic artery. (healthline.com)
  • Using a system of catheters and filters, PHP isolates the liver from the circulatory system and infuses a chemotherapeutic agent directly to the liver via the hepatic artery. (ecancer.org)
  • Hepatic artery restoration (HAR) is critical for optimal liver transplant outcomes. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Difficult HARs have been described as graft or recipient hepatic artery ≤2 mm, intimal dissection of graft or recipient hepatic artery (HA), size difference (≥2 to 1), numerous hepatic arteries, inferior quality, and prompt redo during transplantation. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Early vessel injury recognition, precise HA dissection, the use of clips to ligate branches, an oblique cut for all HARs, a modified funneling method for size discrepancy, liberal use of an alternative artery to replace a pathologic HA, and reconstruction of a second HA for grafts with dual hepatic arteries in the graft are just a few of the technique refinements. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Hepatic infarction is an extremely rare situation because the liver has a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery and portal vein . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Bile duct cysts secondary to liver infarcts: report of a case and experimental production by small vessel hepatic artery occlusion. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Hepatic (biliary) cystadenomas are rare multilocular cystic tumors of the liver that are derived from the biliary epithelium and are predominantly located in the right hepatic lobe. (medscape.com)
  • These tumors usually involve the hepatic parenchyma (approximately 85% of cases) and occasionally the extrahepatic biliary tract. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatic cystadenomas are benign tumors, but they have a high rate of recurrence and a potential for neoplastic transformation in approximately 10% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Removing these tumors and making a proper diagnosis is important, rather than monitoring them as is appropriate for other common benign hepatic tumors, such as focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), adenoma , and hemangioma . (medscape.com)
  • These tumors account for a very small number of all hepatic tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Hendriquez R, Keihanian T, Goyal J, Abraham RR, Mishra R, Girotra M. Radiofrequency ablation in the management of primary hepatic and biliary tumors. (wjgnet.com)
  • In the United States, 80%-90% of primary hepatic tumors are hepatocellular carcinomas and 10%-15% are cholangiocarcinomas (CCA), both with high mortality rate, particularly CCA, which portends a worse prognosis. (wjgnet.com)
  • Computed tomography image showing a liver abscess in a patient with hepatic brucellosis at the time of diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Determination of hepatic copper concentration is important in the diagnosis of Wilson's disease. (nih.gov)
  • Hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD) or portal atresia is a histologic diagnosis, meaning it only describes the biopsy findings . (acvs.org)
  • This review mainly analyzes the research progress of the metabonomics of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatic diseases, hoping to discover some potential metabolic markers which can distinguish HBV-related hepatic diseases from other etiologies and discover potential metabolic markers of HBV-related hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which can contribute to early discovery, diagnosis and treatment. (wjgnet.com)
  • Profibrogenesis cytokine, transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β 1, induces hepatic progenitors experiencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to matrix synthesis cells, even tumor initiating cells. (hindawi.com)
  • A practical problem in the evaluation of a patient with a cystic hepatic lesion is differentiating cystic neoplasms from simple cysts. (medscape.com)
  • On MRI imaging, regions of hepatic infarction appears as hypointense lesion on T1 imaging, with hyperintensity on T2 imaging 6 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The etiology of hepatic cystadenomas is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Arrow indicates thrombosis of the median hepatic vein and infiltration of the gal bladder. (cdc.gov)
  • Under various etiological stimulations, such as alcohol, viruses, Western diet, endotoxins from the gut microbiota, and circulating antigens, the hepatic immune homeostasis is disrupted leading to chronic liver diseases and eventually liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (frontiersin.org)
  • The accumulation of ECM produced by HSC activation leads to increased fibrotic septa and hepatic resistance, and eventually, the development of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, LSECs, macrophage, neutrophils, sinusoidal communication, and hepatic immune response has been demonstrated to play a critical role in developing liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the hepatic immune response in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension remain unclear. (frontiersin.org)
  • 3. Novel therapeutic targets and pharmacological regulation of hepatic immune response in liver cirrhosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning is one of the leading causes of acute hepatic failure and liver transplantation is often the only lifesaving alternative. (mdpi.com)
  • Previous work by the MIT/MGH and Rutgers team, along with independent research, has demonstrated a link between liver inflammation and the hepatic gap junctions that enable direct intercellular communication between coupled cells in the liver. (genengnews.com)
  • In 1892, Keen reported the first case of hepatic cystadenoma , which now accounts for 5% of all cystic lesions of the liver. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatic cystadenomas appear as multilocular (rarely unilocular) cystic lesions that are surrounded by a smooth and thick fibrous capsule. (medscape.com)
  • For instance, inhaled chloroform and styrene cause cytotoxicity in the nasal cavity at concentrations much lower that those causing hepatic or renal toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • HA549 trade name] is not recommended for patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment because there are insufficient data to determine whether dose adjustment is necessary. (who.int)
  • Hepatic lipidosis, or fatty liver, is the condition of triglyceride accumulation in the liver which can be either physiologic or pathologic. (purdue.edu)
  • Hepatic lipidosis can occur due to alterations in any point of normal lipid metabolism, including increased delivery of fatty acids to the liver, decreased use or oxidation of fatty acids, preferential esterification of triglycerides, choline or methionine deficiency resulting in decreased phospho-lipid synthesis, or decreased lipoprotein secretion. (purdue.edu)
  • In domestic animals, hepatic lipidosis most commonly occurs in cats, cows, and horses, and is usually associated with fasting or anorexia. (purdue.edu)
  • However,increased energy demand, especially during pregnancy or lactation, diabetes mellitus, nutritional deficiencies such as choline deficiency, or hepatocellular injury can also result in hepatic lipidosis. (purdue.edu)
  • In dogs, hepatic lipidosis primarily occurs in young, toy-breed dogs, with Yorkshire terriers, Chihuahuas, and Fox terriers appearing to be the most susceptible. (purdue.edu)
  • Hepatic lipidosis in young dogs is often preceded by a period of anorexia with subsequent development of hypoglycemia. (purdue.edu)
  • Additionally, 40% of dogs with hepatic lipidosis had lymphoid depletion and thymic atrophy. (purdue.edu)
  • On gross examination, puppies with hepatic lipidosis have moderately enlarged, diffusely pale yellow liver. (purdue.edu)
  • In a retrospective study, liver fat content with hepatic lipidosis ranged from 32-54% dry weight, as compared to a control pup that had 2% dry weight fat content. (purdue.edu)
  • Like cats with hepatic lipidosis, it may be beneficial to feed toy breed pups and bitches a protein-rich diet, frequently to prevent fatty liver from occurring. (purdue.edu)
  • Such a diet may also aid in recovery from an episode ofanorexia-induced hepatic lipidosis. (purdue.edu)
  • Many cats developing hepatic lipidosis (HL) are obese. (vin.com)
  • Obese female cats are at greatest risk of developing hepatic lipidosis. (vin.com)
  • Hepatic progenitors are responsive to many growth and differentiation factors [ 5 ], and the behavior of hepatic progenitors, either regenerating the liver or promoting fibrogenesis, is regulated and determined by the microenvironment in the injured liver [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the progenitor cell marker expression, proliferation capacity, and differentiation potential of hepatic progenitors in TGF- β 1-induced EMT transition and EGF-induced reversion. (hindawi.com)
  • Hepatic infarction can occur when there is both hepatic arterial and portal vein flow compromise but most cases are due to acute portal venous flow compromise 11 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Petersen, M. C., Vatner, D. F. & Shulman, G. I. Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in health and disease. (nature.com)
  • Glucose requires hepatic metabolism. (vin.com)
  • 1. Peterson IM, Neumann CH. Focal hepatic infarction with bile lake formation. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Hepatic veno-occlusive disease is a condition that blocks (occludes) small veins in the liver, disrupting blood flow in this organ. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The hepatic veins carry oxygen-depleted blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava. (healthline.com)
  • Its phenotype is changing from single lesions to multiple lesions owing to the reduction in estrogen exposure and increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome as driving factors in the formation of hepatic adenoma. (medscape.com)
  • Young, especially toy breed, dogs are at increased risk of developing hypoglycemia because their disproportionately small muscle mass and limited hepatic glyconeogenesis capacity cannot sustain their high basal metabolic energy requirements. (purdue.edu)
  • In summary, our data indicate that sepsis promotes hepatic metabolic dysfunction and that targeting the mitochondrial PDC/PDK energy homeostat rebalances transcriptional and metabolic manifestations of sepsis within the liver. (metabolon.com)
  • The abnormal hepatic immune response and disturbed immune homeostasis might lead to HSC activation and dysfunctional sinusoidal communication. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ultrasonography: showed evidence of free fluid in the pelvis, right paracolic gutter and sub hepatic space. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • A hepatic injury is confirmed with CT in stable patients and with bedside ultrasonography or exploratory laparotomy in unstable patients. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A preventive or therapeutic strategy against DILI could thus have implications both for the safer use of already marketed drugs, the development of new treatments for a range of diseases, and the potential salvage of otherwise promising drug candidates that have demonstrated hepatic toxicity. (genengnews.com)
  • Title : Recent trends in hepatic diseases during pregnancy in the United States, 2002-2010 Personal Author(s) : Ellington, Sascha R.;Flowers, Lisa;Legardy-Williams, Jennifer K.;Jamieson, Denise J.;Kourtis, Athena P. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 ] The hepatic manifestations of CHF with rather similar kidney manifestations were first described by Bristowe in 1856. (medscape.com)
  • The connection between the left and right hepatic ducts forms the common hepatic duct, whose function is to drain bile from the liver. (healthline.com)
  • Small HA (21.35%), size discrepancy (12.57%), many hepatic arteries (11.28%), suboptimal quality (31.1%), intimal dissection (20.5%), and urgent redo (5.18%) were the most difficult HARs. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • In most people with VODI, infections occur before hepatic veno-occlusive disease becomes evident. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The hepatic disease progresses to develop portal hypertension associated with splenomegaly and esophageal varices. (medscape.com)
  • The peak frequency of hepatic cystadenomas is in patients aged 30-50 years (mean age, 41.7-53.4 y), with two thirds of cases occurring in patients aged 40 years or older. (medscape.com)
  • The prognosis of hepatic cystadenomas is extremely good if patients undergo a complete surgical resection. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with hepatic abscesses can usually be easily identified on the basis of the clinical presentation. (medscape.com)
  • B) Computed tomography image of the liver of a patient with hepatic brucel osis after a 2-month treatment with doxycycline plus rifampin. (cdc.gov)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scan appearance of large hepatic cyst. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency (also called VODI) is a hereditary disorder of the liver and immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the gene encoding the PML nuclear body protein Sp110 are associated with immunodeficiency and hepatic veno-occlusive disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Roscioli T, Ziegler JB, Buckley M, Wong M. Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease with Immunodeficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although hepatic progenitors, also called hepatic oval cells in rat, are less sensitive to TGF- β 1 than mature hepatocytes [ 7 ], TGF- β 1 could cause hepatic progenitors obtaining myofibroblast cells phenotype and expressing collagen I through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Hepatic injuries range from subcapsular hematomas and small capsular lacerations to deep parenchymal lacerations, major crush injury, and vascular avulsion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hepatic vascular oclusion disease was verified by biopsy. (lu.se)
  • The hepatic portal vein is a vessel that moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver. (healthline.com)
  • Hepatic infarction caused by arterial insufficiency: spectrum and evolution of CT findings. (radiopaedia.org)
  • EGF reverses the characteristics impaired by TGF- β 1 in hepatic oval cells, serving as a protective cytokine to hepatic progenitors. (hindawi.com)
  • Merriam-Webster.com Medical Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hepatic%20portal%20system. (merriam-webster.com)
  • Hepatic oval cells, rat hepatic progenitors, were isolated from rats fed a choline-deficient diet supplemented with ethionine. (hindawi.com)
  • Hepatic progenitors obtain the myofibroblast phenotype after EMT and lose this phenotype after MET, yet the variation of progenitor cell characteristics is still not clear during the EMT/MET process. (hindawi.com)
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying how nutritional deficits during perinatal life lead to permanent alterations in hepatic gene expression will provide better therapeutic strategies to alleviate the undernourished liver in postnatal life. (bepress.com)
  • They accumulate in the liver when the rate of hepatic synthesis exceeds their dispersal. (vin.com)