Genome. Medical search. Frequent questions

All organisms (bacteria, vegetable, mammal) have a unique genetic code, or genome, that is composed of nucleotide bases (A, T, C, and G). If you know the sequence of the bases in an organism, you have identified its unique DNA fingerprint, or pattern. (cdc.gov)
The Human Genome Project was started in October 1990, and then reported the sequence of the human genome in April 2003, although the initial "finished" sequence was missing 8% of the genome consisting mostly of repetitive sequences. (wikipedia.org)
With advancements in technology that could handle sequencing of the many repetitive sequences found in human DNA that were not fully uncovered by the original Human Genome Project study, scientists reported the first end-to-end human genome sequence in March 2022. (wikipedia.org)
A genome sequence is the complete list of the nucleotides (A, C, G, and T for DNA genomes) that make up all the chromosomes of an individual or a species. (wikipedia.org)
In 1976, Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent (Belgium) was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2). (wikipedia.org)
The next year, Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. (wikipedia.org)
The first genome sequence for an archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, was completed in 1996, again by The Institute for Genomic Research. (wikipedia.org)
It's inevitable that the ability to sequence your child's genome at birth will become a possibility. (medscape.com)
However, by using a pro- ulcerans, a human pathogen for which the fully assembled totype plasmid-based microarray that covered 10% of the and annotated genome sequence was not available at the genome, we found multiple genomic DNA deletions among time of the study. (cdc.gov)
For M. tuberculosis , M. bovis , and the various cus sequence typing, restriction fragment length polymor- bacillus Calmette-Guérin daughter strains, genome-wide phism, and fi ngerprinting using variable number of tandem microarray analyses have identifi ed large sequence poly- repeats have shown an apparent lack of genetic diversity of morphisms ( 4 , 8 - 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Genome Reduction in Mycobacterium ulcerans cifi c for the insertion sequence (IS) IS 2404 , in combina- supernatants by phenol-chloroform (Fluka, Buchs, Swit- tion with an oligonucleotide that targets a repeated GC-rich zerland) extraction and ethanol precipitation. (cdc.gov)
With the release of the carrot genome sequence, the evolution of this group of plants is better understood. (usda.gov)
Who will use the carrot genome sequence? (usda.gov)
The immediate users of the whole genome sequence will be public and private plant breeders who will use it for marker-assisted selection they have underway for carrot disease resistance and seed production traits. (usda.gov)
There are also several laboratories that conduct fundamental research on carrot pigments, biotic and abiotic stress response, growth, reproduction, and evolution that will find the genome sequence useful. (usda.gov)
Has the full genome sequence been published for other vegetables? (usda.gov)
This is the first time that the information of a genome sequence has been turned back into life," says Chris Voigt , a synthetic biologist at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not involved in the project. (technologyreview.com)
To distinguish their synthetic genome from the naturally occurring version, the researchers encoded a series of watermarks into the sequence. (technologyreview.com)
It cost a lot of money to sequence the first human genome. (npr.org)
The availability of the genome sequence now opens the possibility of identifying genes involved in producing therapeutic molecules and to produce them in vitro (in the lab) according to CSIR. (livemint.com)
The genome sequence and annotation of Basil provides new insights into the function of genes and the medicinal nature of the metabolites synthesized in this plant. (livemint.com)
The large black area is a repeat that the human genome project skipped over (they did not yet have the technology to sequence highly repetitive DNA). (creation.com)
Researchers have produced the first whole-genome sequence of the Neanderthal genome. (nih.gov)
You must appreciate that this international team has produced a draft sequence of a genome that existed 400 centuries ago," says NHGRI Director Dr. Eric D. Green. (nih.gov)
this facilitated the reconstruction of the sequence of the entire genome. (mpg.de)
A human genome reference sequence is an accepted representation of the human genome sequence that is used by researchers as a standard for comparison to DNA sequences generated in their studies. (genome.gov)
The scientists responsible for assembling and updating such reference sequences aim to provide the highest-quality, best possible consensus representations of the sequence and structural diversity found in the human genome among populations. (genome.gov)
The genome reference sequence provides a general framework and is not the DNA sequence of a single person. (genome.gov)
At the completion of the Human Genome Project back in 2003, scientists achieved a major milestone - a DNA sequence that covered 99 percent of the human genome's gene-containing regions and was of 99.99 percent accurate. (genome.gov)
Since then, researchers have worked to fill the gaps an improve the inaccuracies in the human genome sequence. (genome.gov)
The Human Genome Reference Sequence is not an example of one human but represents many different varieties of human genomes. (genome.gov)
The researchers were able to sequence about 80 percent of the ancient genome, which is 'comparable to the quality of a modern human genome,' Eske Willerslev, director of the Center for Ancient Genetics at the University of Copenhagen, said at a press conference held in the England February 9. (scientificamerican.com)
He and his team, led by Morten Rasmussen, an assistant professor at the University, were able to sequence about three billion base pairs (the human genome includes just over this amount), which is a finer resolution than that of previous genetic work on Neandertals and mammoths . (scientificamerican.com)
The Canine Genome Sequencing Project produced a high-quality draft sequence of a female boxer named Tasha. (broadinstitute.org)
So the genome again is this large molecule, but the way we can sequence it are through these little tiny fragments. (bigthink.com)
Specifies which version of the organism's genome sequence to use. (ucsc.edu)
This thematic series of companion papers constitutes the initial exploration of the genome biology of the waterflea (Daphnia) building on the first complete crustacean genome sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence analysis of the Daphnia pulex genome holds some surprises that could not have been anticipated from what was learned so far from other arthropod genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly variable features of all genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent scientific advances have made it possible to cheaply and quickly sequence the genomes of large groups of people. (mckinsey.com)
Optical Genome Mapping is non-sequencing technology capable of analyzing large eukaryotic genomes and their structural features at a high resolution by evaluation of patterns generated by fluorophore tags labeled to specific sequence motifs within extremely long DNA molecules, of more than 300 kb (3, 4). (mdanderson.org)
The genome sequence of African rice has been decoded. (org.in)
WHO emphasizes that the rapid sharing of virus genome sequence data, together with the relevant epidemiological and clinical metadata, maximizes the impact of genomic sequencing in the public health response. (who.int)

The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non-coding DNA), and often a substantial fraction of junk DNA with no evident function. (wikipedia.org)
After the entire human genome was sequenced, scientists still don't know which genes control which traits. (amnh.org)
Venter and his colleagues are working with Novartis and the National Institutes of Health to synthesize cassettes-clusters of genes that could be inserted into a synthetic genome-for every known flu virus in an effort to streamline the vaccine manufacturing process. (technologyreview.com)
They envision a system where, if a new strain such as H1N1 emerged, developing a vaccine would be as straightforward as shuffling genes encoding the relevant viral fragments into a synthetic genome. (technologyreview.com)
1 It turns out that the bacterial genome has a few high-level instructions that control a few middle-level processes, that in turn control a massive number of protein-coding genes. (creation.com)
With the availability of a dense genome-wide map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a central issue in human genetics is whether it is now possible to use linkage disequilibrium (LD) to map genes that cause disease. (nih.gov)
The regions upstream to all genes were first isolated from the yeast genome database MIPS using the information in the annotation files of the database. (aaai.org)
Comparison of the dog with human and other mammals reveals key information about the structure and evolution of genes and genomes. (broadinstitute.org)
Using de novo gene prediction, we identified 6,996 protein-encoding genes in the MAST-4 genome. (nature.com)
Analysis of the genome data using ab initio gene prediction identified 6,996 protein-encoding genes in the genome of the isolate. (nature.com)
Led by University of Wisconsin-Madison's Massimo Iorizzo, the genome, published in Nature Genetics , also reveals the genes behind the vegetable's nutritional value and bright orange colour. (cosmosmagazine.com)
They further developed a graph-based Setaria reference genome, which enabled them to examine 68 traits across 13 growing environments to tease out genes for millet improvement. (genomeweb.com)
Until now, the lack of such genomic resources for other Anopheles limited comparisons to small-scale studies of individual genes with no genome-wide data to investigate key attributes that impact the mosquito's ability to transmit parasites. (sciencedaily.com)
With genome sequencing complete, scientists from around the world contributed their expertise to examine genes involved in different aspects of mosquito biology including reproductive processes, immune responses, insecticide resistance, and chemosensory mechanisms. (sciencedaily.com)
While other genetic tests look at a small number of genes to check for a few specific conditions, whole genome sequencing analyzes the patient's entire genome (all the genes and the DNA between genes). (ucsfhealth.org)
The student will evaluate gene expression in relation to measures of genetic diversity, differentiation, and neutrality across the genome to evaluate whether the sequences or the flanking regions of genes with stage-specific expression demonstrate signs of selection. (lu.se)

In December 2013, scientists first sequenced the entire genome of a Neanderthal, an extinct species of humans. (wikipedia.org)
Genome editing (also called gene editing) is a group of technologies that give scientists the ability to change an organism's DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Many scientists joined forces on the Human Genome Project. (amnh.org)
By learning about our genome, scientists better understand how our bodies work and how diseases develop. (amnh.org)
So, to get a complete picture of our species' DNA, you might think that the Human Genome Project scientists have to study the DNA of millions of people -- not even close! (amnh.org)
Scientists with the Human Genome Project (HGP) study only the human genome. (amnh.org)
To understand how our genome works, scientists compare it to the genomes of mice, flies, worms, and even bacteria. (amnh.org)
In a groundbreaking achievement, scientists have created an artificial genome capable of controlling and replicating a living cell. (voanews.com)
It took three such insertions to assemble the M. mycoides genome, which scientists then transferred into a second bacterium called Mycoplasm capricolum. (voanews.com)
In a series of commentaries in the journal Nature, scientists from a variety of disciplines and institutions hailed the creation of a synthetic genome as an important, historic advance in biology. (voanews.com)
In the culmination of a project spanning 15 years, scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute have engineered the first cell controlled by a synthetic genome. (technologyreview.com)
Scientists rebooted bacterial cells by transplanting a synthetic version of the Mycoplasma mycoides genome manufactured in the lab. (technologyreview.com)
And now many scientists are saying the $1,000 genome is just around the corner. (npr.org)
In an attempt to find the therapeutic properties of the Holy Basil (tulsi), Indian scientists have sequenced the whole genome of the herb, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) announced on Monday. (livemint.com)
An international research team, including scientists from NIH's National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), compared the Neanderthal DNA to samples from 5 present-day humans from China, France, Papua New Guinea, southern Africa and western Africa, as well as to chimpanzee DNA. (nih.gov)
More than 20 years after the first release of the human genome, scientists at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne, have for the first time decoded the highly complex genome of the potato. (mpg.de)
It was an example of a human genome off which scientists could base research studies or compare other human genomes. (genome.gov)
A team of cancer scientists led by Francis Rodier, PhD, a professor at the University of Montréal, has updated the current model of cellular senescence by providing evidence that the aging-related arrest of DNA replication is caused by irreversible damage to the genome rather than simply by an erosion of telomeres. (genengnews.com)
Scientists have sequenced the genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquito species from around the world. (sciencedaily.com)
Nora Besansky, O'Hara Professor of Biological Sciences at the University of Notre Dame and a member of the University's Eck Institute for Global Health, has led an international team of scientists in sequencing the genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquito species from around the world. (sciencedaily.com)

Following the recent publication of the Streptococcus pyogenes genome Makoto Kuroda and colleagues at Juntendo University, Tokyo, have published the entire genome of another medically important pathogenic bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus in 21 April Lancet . (the-scientist.com)
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) survey single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or specific genetic variations, across the entire genome. (medscape.com)

The study of the genome is called genomics. (wikipedia.org)
In the United Kingdom, Genomics England seeks to assess the feasibility, benefits, and risks of whole genome sequencing as part of the Newborn Genomes Programme , an analysis of 100,000 newborn genomes. (medscape.com)
Using a method developed in 2008 , the researchers, led by genomics pioneer Craig Venter, synthesized the genome of a tiny bacterium called Mycoplasma mycoides , containing just over a million DNA base pairs. (technologyreview.com)
The issuance of this patent in the United States in the field of nuclear genome editing is a major step in our strategy and strengthens our intellectual property portfolio in a sector that has revolutionized genomics in recent years," says Alexander Sorokin , President of Algentech. (prnewswire.com)
Broad Genomics Platform sequences a whole human genome every four minutes. (broadinstitute.org)
In November 2022, Broad's Genomics Platform sequenced its 500,000th whole human genome, a mere four years after sequencing its 100,000th. (broadinstitute.org)
It's disconcerting in the sense that these genome reconstructions form the foundation for many, many studies in comparative genomics, form the basis for evolutionary studies, form the basis for, you know, many billions of dollars in research. (bigthink.com)
One promising approach to study these lineages is single cell genomics (SCG), whereby an individual cell is captured from nature and genome data are produced from the amplified total DNA. (nature.com)
The Centre for Clinical Genomics (CCG) is based within Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (GSC) and is supported by the Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA). (bcgsc.ca)

Researchers say the transplanted DNA began functioning as a normal genome within M. capricolum, directing the production of M. mycoides proteins and conferring new, M. mycoides properties to the host bacterium. (voanews.com)
In order to distinguish their synthetic genome from a natural one, Venter says researchers inserted 'watermarks' into the new genetic code. (voanews.com)
Now that they have shown it is possible to control a cell with a synthetic genome, researchers say they will try to use the technology to solve complex environmental and energy problems. (voanews.com)
To this end, the researchers plan to eventually develop a kind of universal recipient cell that could "boot up" any donor genome. (technologyreview.com)
However, that could soon change: researchers in the group of geneticist Korbinian Schneeberger were able to generate the first full assembly of a potato genome. (mpg.de)
This man, known now as 'Inuk' (a Greenlandic term for 'human' or 'man') left for posterity just four hairs and a few small fragments of bone frozen in permafrost, but that is now all researchers need to assemble a thorough human genome . (scientificamerican.com)
Although Inuk's genome is the first ancient sample to be thoroughly sequenced, the researchers do not expect that it will be the last. (scientificamerican.com)
Working with Addgene, Broad Institute has shared CRISPR genome-editing reagents with researchers at more than 3,200 institutions in 76 countries. (broadinstitute.org)
An international team of researchers has successfully deciphered the entire carrot genome, uncovering its evolutionary origins along the way. (cosmosmagazine.com)
All for one, and one for all: Denmark's new technological and institutional infrastructure allows for genome sequencing at scale, opening doors for clinicians and researchers. (mckinsey.com)
As they report in Nature Genetics , the researchers generated the pangenome from reference-grade genomes for 35 wild, 40 landrace, and 35 modern cultivated Setaria accessions from across the world. (genomeweb.com)
Much of our understanding of many such processes derives from the sequencing of the Anopheles gambiae genome in 2002, which was led by Notre Dame researchers and which has since facilitated many large-scale functional studies that have offered numerous insights into how this mosquito became highly specialized in order to live amongst and feed upon humans. (sciencedaily.com)
To address these questions, researchers sequenced the genomes of 16 Anopheles species. (sciencedaily.com)

Most textbooks make a distinction between the nuclear genome and the organelle (mitochondria and chloroplast) genomes so when they speak of, say, the human genome, they are only referring to the genetic material in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
The nuclear genome of basil is the smallest in the family Lamiaceae, while the chloroplast genome is the smallest in the order Lamiales. (livemint.com)
In addition to new methods of nuclear genome editing, ALGENTECH is a pioneer in the transformation of the mitochondrial genome and the development of self-replicative molecules for multigenic expression in chloroplasts with vast fields of application, particularly in synthetic biology. (prnewswire.com)

A few months later, the first eukaryotic genome was completed, with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The development of new technologies has made genome sequencing dramatically cheaper and easier, and the number of complete genome sequences is growing rapidly. (wikipedia.org)
Taking advantage of the handful of complete human genome sequences now available, the pair looked at how alleles - the two copies of each gene we inherit from our parents - differ within a genome. (newscientist.com)
And then the computational problem is given this large collection of shorter fragments of DNA sequences, how can we reconstruct them, how can we put them together into forming the whole genome. (bigthink.com)
Most large genomes contain thousands of large structural variants (SVs), repetitive regions composed of identical or similar stretches of sequences, mobile elements such as transposons, large insertions, deletions, translocations, and inversions up to millions of bases, with even partial or entire chromosomes altered. (mdanderson.org)

The paper by Craig Venter and his colleagues on their creation of the first synthetic genome is published this week in the journal Science. (voanews.com)
The synthetic genome includes a marker gene that makes a blue compound, so the synthetic cells form blue colonies (top). (technologyreview.com)
Next they transplanted the synthetic genome into a related bacterium, Mycoplasma capricolum , in a process they had previously perfected using nonsynthetic chromosomes. (technologyreview.com)
Once the recipient cells incorporated the synthetic genome, they immediately began to carry out the instructions encoded within the genome. (technologyreview.com)
In terms of creating synthetic life, this project is a proof of principle: aside from the watermarks and a handful of gene deletions to reduce the species' ability to cause disease, the synthetic genome essentially recreates a naturally occurring one. (technologyreview.com)
So in this case, in " The Assemblathon ," it was a synthetic genome that was made by a computer program and that gave us more power to be able to really accurately measure how everyone did. (bigthink.com)

Much of the answer comes from inherited differences, and interpreting the extensive variation between people's genomes is a necessary part of understanding the human genome. (nature.com)
The genome of the domesticated dog, a close evolutionary relation to human, is a powerful new tool for understanding the human genome. (broadinstitute.org)

What are genome editing and CRISPR-Cas9? (medlineplus.gov)
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has generated a lot of excitement in the scientific community because it is faster, cheaper, more accurate, and more efficient than other genome editing methods. (medlineplus.gov)
CRISPR-Cas9 was adapted from a naturally occurring genome editing system that bacteria use as an immune defense. (medlineplus.gov)
Ethical concerns arise when genome editing, using technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9, is used to alter human genomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Hsu PD, Lander ES, Zhang F. Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering. (medlineplus.gov)
Now there is hope in the form of new genome-engineering tools, particularly one called CRISPR. (technologyreview.com)
Though genome editing with CRISPR is just a little over a year old, it is already reinventing genetic research. (technologyreview.com)
This book series presents CRISPR-and other genomic modification practice-focused volumes focused on specific aspects of their use and role in food, agriculture, and environmental sciences addressing the needs of those seeking curated, up-to-date knowledge in agricultural and food science on CRISPR and other genome editing application. (elsevier.com)

None of the assemblers were able to take all this data and perfectly reconstruct the genomes. (bigthink.com)
The pool of total DNA resulting from this process can be used to reconstruct the genomes of the host and associated symbionts, pathogens, or "food" DNA presumably present in cell vacuoles. (nature.com)

Why is sequencing a human genome so expensive? (scienceblogs.com)
The cost of sequencing a human genome is plummeting, and soon many people may obtain a copy of their own. (npr.org)

In this part, we take a look at all the evidence we can find and try to figure out how a gene from a virus came to be part of the Aedes aegypti genome. (scienceblogs.com)
With a well-characterized genome available, we discovered a candidate for that important gene. (usda.gov)
The identification of a candidate for the Y gene in carrot may provide insights to identify similar mutations in sequenced genomes of other crops, or to generate similar mutations with genome editing technologies. (usda.gov)
Note 1 to entry: Gene editing is a subclass of genome editing ( 1.2 ). (nist.gov)
The naturally occurring M. mycoides genome lacks that gene, so the wild-type cells form white colonies (bottom). (technologyreview.com)
The genome also tells us Inuk had the recessive gene for dry earwax (as opposed to the more common wet form) and 'a metabolism and body mass index commonly found in those who live in cold climates,' David Lambert and Leon Huynenboth of the School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia, wrote in a commentary that accompanies the study. (scientificamerican.com)
We have examined methods and developed a general software tool for finding and analyzing combinations of transcription factor binding sites that occur relatively often in gene upstream regions (putative promoter regions) in the yeast genome. (aaai.org)
Although gradual changes in trait complexity appear to have been facilitated by allelic turnover, key innovations are associated with gene and genome duplications. (lu.se)
These findings provide an important connection between the origins of biodiversity, coevolution, and the role of gene and genome duplications as a substrate for novel traits. (lu.se)
The project will rely on published whole genome assemblies and gene annotations of various qualities. (lu.se)
We want to understand differences in life stage-specific gene expression in the peacock fly and relate these patterns to signatures of selection across the genome. (lu.se)
This review aims to update recent studies on the durian genome attributes and potential applications in the conservation of germplasm, authentication, and exploration of the gene structure and function of this specialty plant. (who.int)

Annotation was added by the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (released 2013). (nih.gov)
CB5161 -- and subsequent analyses to compare the resulting data to the existing roundworm genomes should allow for more thorough annotation of the C. elegans genome. (genome.gov)

Whole genome sequencing is a laboratory procedure that determines the order of bases in the genome of an organism in one process. (cdc.gov)
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
The genome of C. elegans was the first of any multicellular organism to be sequenced in its entirety. (genome.gov)

The highly complex genome of an osteosarcoma. (lu.se)

Eukaryotic genomes are even more difficult to define because almost all eukaryotic species contain nuclear chromosomes plus extra DNA molecules in the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements represent a successful group of transposable elements (TEs) that have played an important role in shaping the structure of many eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)

When referring to the standard reference genome of humans, for example, it consists of one copy of each of the 22 autosomes plus one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
The substantial genomic diversity, along gence of M. ulcerans from M. marinum , a well-known fi sh with a prototype microarray that covered a small portion of pathogen that can cause limited granulomatous skin infec- the genome, suggests that a genome-wide microarray will tions in humans ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
The analysis provides the first genome-wide look at the similarities and differences of the closest evolutionary relative to humans. (nih.gov)
Many regions of the Neanderthal genome, they found, are more like those of the chimpanzee than present-day humans. (nih.gov)
They have also worked tremendously hard to represent places in the genome where humans are different. (genome.gov)

The paper on the sequencing of wild tomato genome was also published in Nature Genetics on July 27 . (org.in)

Algae and plants also contain chloroplasts with a chloroplast genome. (wikipedia.org)

Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria and a small mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)

The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has supported a number of sequencing projects aimed at producing draft assemblies of roundworm (Caenorhabditis) genomes. (genome.gov)
In this international competition, there were about 20 different labs around the world that participated, contributing about 70 different assemblies of the same genome. (bigthink.com)

Standards in the field of genome editing will harmonize and accelerate effective communication, technology development, qualification, and evaluation of genome editing products. (nist.gov)
ALGENTECH, announces the issuance of a key patent in the field of genome editing by the U.S. Patent Office (U.S. patent number 10457950). (prnewswire.com)

What do we do with the genetic data obtained at birth that won't become apparent until adulthood, if we find a BRCA1 or BRCA2 variant in a newborn's genome? (medscape.com)
These technologies allow genetic material to be added, removed, or altered at particular locations in the genome. (medlineplus.gov)
An extensive literature documenting physiological and ecological diversity make Daphnia an ideal model to study the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation in natural populations and the evolution of genome structure/function relationships in aquatic environments. (biomedcentral.com)
Rapid whole genome sequencing is a state-of-the-art test that can quickly identify genetic disorders in a fetus or baby with unexplained health complications. (ucsfhealth.org)
The Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (TAGC) made up of worldwide groups of investigators with genome-wide data available published a meta-analysis of worldwide asthma GWAS (23,948 cases, 118,538 controls) from ethnically diverse populations. (medscape.com)
Advancements in Genetic Diversity and Genome Characteristics of Durians (Durio spp. (who.int)
Huy T. G., Hoan N. K., Thi N. P. A., Khang D. T.. Advancements in Genetic Diversity and Genome Characteristics of Durians (Durio spp. (who.int)

What important discoveries come from sequencing the carrot genome? (usda.gov)
Genomes in the Euasterid II branch of the plant phylogenetic tree that includes crops like carrot, celery, lettuce, and sunflower had not been sequenced, or were unpublished, before the sequencing of the carrot genome. (usda.gov)
How might knowledge about the carrot genome have application in improving dietary nutrients we get from plants in our diet? (usda.gov)
How might the carrot genome be useful in studying other traits in carrot? (usda.gov)
In turn, a better understanding of the carrot genome will help make plant breeding efforts more efficient and effective for carrot and related crops. (usda.gov)

The genomes of many organisms have been sequenced and various regions have been annotated. (wikipedia.org)
A genome built from scratch is a step toward synthesizing novel organisms. (technologyreview.com)
Although the genomes of countless organisms have now been sequenced, says Venter, we still don't fully understand how even the simplest life forms function. (technologyreview.com)

The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae, completed by a team at The Institute for Genomic Research in 1995. (wikipedia.org)

You have around 100 mutations in your genome that are not present in your mother or father, ranging from one or two-letter changes to the loss or gain of huge chunks of DNA. (newscientist.com)

Weimer and graduate student DJ Darwin R. Bandoy initially analyzed the genomes of 150 SARS-CoV-2 strains, mostly from outbreaks in Asia prior to March 1, 2020, as well as epidemiology and transmission information for those outbreaks. (eurekalert.org)
Kuroda et al used the shot-gun random sequencing method to determine the genome of two related S. aureus strains (N315 - methicillin resistant and Mu50 - vancomycin resistant). (the-scientist.com)

Genome sequencing of thousands of SARS-CoV-2 samples shows that surges of COVID-19 cases are driven by the appearance of new coronavirus variants, according to new research from the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, Davis published April 1 in Scientific Reports . (eurekalert.org)

Copy-number variation - deleted or duplicated regions of DNA - is widespread in the human genome. (nature.com)
Previous methods have taken averages across the genome, but here they are looking at variation from one location to another location and getting good results from even a single individual. (newscientist.com)
And also, there was quite a lot of variation in how well these different teams, how successful they were able to be, to put these genomes back together. (bigthink.com)

Whole genome sequencing provides detailed and precise data for identifying outbreaks sooner. (cdc.gov)
It is expected to improve confidence in and clarify scientific communication, data reporting, and data interpretation in the genome editing field. (nist.gov)
The idea that each human genome contains information about the history of its ancestors' population size has been known theoretically, but we have never had the data or methods to pull out that information until now," says John Novembre of the University of California, Los Angeles. (newscientist.com)
Certainly people are going to get a lot more densely informative data about their individual genomes. (npr.org)
This set of data, as intended, was a "reference" for the human genome, not representing one single person over the whole genome, but a collection of different - albeit anonymous - people. (genome.gov)
So two years ago, for the first time, there was this big kind of international competition called "The Assemblathon" where it really was a competition to see given this set of data-everybody got the same set of data-what's the best way to put this together back into reconstructing the genome, what's the best way to do so, and how does that best reconstruction compare to the actual truth. (bigthink.com)
These data are however often insufficient to reliably reconstruct ToL phylogenetic relationships and do not address genome evolution. (nature.com)
Genome Graphs is a tool for displaying genome-wide data sets such as the results of genome-wide SNP association studies, linkage studies and homozygosity mapping. (ucsc.edu)
The Genome Center hopes to use large amounts of heterogeneous biological data to profile individuals much more closely and prescribe for each one a targeted and more personal treatment. (mckinsey.com)
WHO encourages all countries to share data generated by genome sequencing with the global community as rapidly as possible, to ensure access to critical information for improving public health. (who.int)
We have extensive whole genome and RNA sequencing data taken from whole samples of flies at three life stages: larva, pupa and adult. (lu.se)

For two, $1000 will only buy you a rough draft of your genome. (scienceblogs.com)
Here we tested the efficacy of SCG to generate a draft genome assembly from a single sample, in this case a cell belonging to the broadly distributed MAST-4 uncultured marine stramenopiles. (nature.com)
Here we used SCG to generate the first draft genome assembly from a cell belonging to the broadly distributed group of MAST-4 uncultured marine stramenopiles 18 . (nature.com)

The project was divided between the Washington University Genome Sequencing Center (WUGSC) and the Sanger Institute, and was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and The Wellcome Trust. (genome.gov)
As with C. elegans , that project is supported by the NHGRI and The Welcome Trust and is being carried out in collaboration between the Washington University Genome Sequencing Center and the Sanger Institute. (genome.gov)
In January 2004, NHGRI announced their support of a sequencing project meant to enhance the utility of the existing C. elegans genome assembly. (genome.gov)

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. (nih.gov)

Some eukaryotes have distinctive sex chromosomes such as the X and Y chromosomes of mammals so the technical definition of the genome must include both copies of the sex chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
This Subgroup focuses on the study of genome organization, dynamics and function on multiple temporal and spatial scales ranging from individual nucleic acids to whole chromosomes using a broad range of integrative experimental, theoretical and computational techniques with the goal of deciphering how genomic and epigenomic information drives basic life processes. (biophysics.org)
An extremely complex form of SVs called chromothripsis, in which dozens to hundreds of breakpoints on one or more chromosomes are involved, was originally reported in different types of cancers as well as in germlines genomes causing developmental and neuronal disorders. (mdanderson.org)

The analysis suggests that up to 2% of the DNA in the genome of present-day people outside of Africa originated in Neanderthals or their ancestors. (nih.gov)

There is a lot of information packed into the four letters used to spell out the first dimension of the genome, but this is not even the tip of the iceberg of the total information content in the genome. (creation.com)
Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet ( 13 C and 15 N content), mobility ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). (lu.se)

Genome editing technologies are transforming biosciences and biotechnology and are being actively utilized to advance product development including medicine. (nist.gov)
It is also recognized that genome editing is a rapidly evolving biotechnology and additional terms and definitions will be needed as genome editing technologies mature. (nist.gov)

Since 2019, whole genome sequencing has been the standard PulseNet method for detecting and investigating foodborne outbreaks associated with bacteria such as Campylobacter , Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Salmonella , Vibrio , and Listeria . (cdc.gov)
Published Date : February 15 2019 Source : Genome Med. (cdc.gov)
2019). Ten years of Genome Medicine. (cdc.gov)

The genome of a related nematode, Caenorhabditis briggsae , was sequenced by a whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing approach. (genome.gov)

They combined all this information into a metric called GENI, for pathogen genome identity. (eurekalert.org)

It's very difficult to come up with a precise definition of "genome. (wikipedia.org)
By understanding the differences between individuals' genomes, physicians can make much more precise diagnoses of diseases. (mckinsey.com)

The sequencing of the genomes of three additional roundworm species -- C. remanei, C. japonica, and C. sp. (genome.gov)
The project aims to produce nine-fold genome coverage of each of these three species using a whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing approach. (genome.gov)
These results offer new insights into how these species are related to each other and how the dynamic evolution of their genomes may contribute to their flexibility to adapt to new environments and to seek out human blood. (sciencedaily.com)

Germline cell and embryo genome editing bring up a number of ethical challenges, including whether it would be permissible to use this technology to enhance normal human traits (such as height or intelligence). (medlineplus.gov)
With our graph-based genome, we can estimate grain quality-related traits and potential yield, providing avenues for foxtail millet breeding for climate change adaptation. (genomeweb.com)

The implementation of whole genome sequencing of pathogens for detecting and tracking foodborne outbreaks was made possible through collaborations with CDC's Advanced Molecular Detection (AMD) Office, Food Safety Office , and Antimicrobial Resistance Solutions Initiative . (cdc.gov)
ALGENTECH has developed proprietary molecular tools for editing the genome of eukaryotic cells. (prnewswire.com)
Going forward, the genome will serve as the basis for molecular breeding of the carrot. (cosmosmagazine.com)

[ 5 ] As all SNPs in the genome correlate with each other, one could conceivably type as few as 500,000 SNPs to obtain information on most of the 13 million SNPs across the genome. (medscape.com)

A preliminary assembly of the genome, based on plasmid, fosmid, and BAC-end reads that constitute 10-fold coverage of the genome, was made available in the summer of 2002. (genome.gov)

The Multiscale Genome Organization (MGO) Subgroup was founded in 2020 by Tom Connor Bishop of Louisiana Tech University and Tamar Schlick of New York University. (biophysics.org)
In order to join the Multiscale Genome Organization (MGO) Subgroup, you must be a current member of the Society. (biophysics.org)

It's highly likely that within 10 to 15 years, all newborns will have their genome determined at birth for screening purposes. (medscape.com)
New York's Guardian study requires all newborns taking part to undergo genome sequencing. (medscape.com)

The results of the Human Genome Project are published on the Internet. (amnh.org)
Introduction: The Human Genome Project (HGP) has allowed for advances in diagnosis and prevention of diseases. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy15

Organisms33

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes142

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science15

Health Care5

Sequence43

Genes16

Scientists20

Entire genome2

Genomics9

Researchers13

Nuclear genome3

Sequences5

Synthetic genome6

Understanding the human genome2

CRISPR8

Reconstruct the genomes2

Sequencing a human genome2

Gene12

Annotation2

Organism3

Highly complex genome1

Eukaryotic genomes2

Humans5

Genetics1

Chloroplast genome1

Mitochondrial genome1

Assemblies2

Field of genome2

Genetic7

Carrot genome5

Organisms3

Bacterial1

Mutations1

Strains2

Coronavirus1

Variation3

Data11

Draft3

NHGRI3

Profiled and analyzed1

Chromosomes3

Africa1

Content2

Biotechnology2

20193

Nematode1

Pathogen1

Precise2

Species3

Traits2

Molecular3

SNPs1

20021

Organization2

Newborns2

Human Genome2