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EndodermSOXF Transcription FactorsMesodermGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGastrulaGerm LayersEmbryonic InductionVisceraGATA6 Transcription FactorBody PatterningEctodermGATA5 Transcription FactorNodal ProteinHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-betaSOX Transcription FactorsDigestive SystemCell DifferentiationYolk SacEmbryo, NonmammalianIn Situ HybridizationEmbryonic Stem CellsHomeodomain ProteinsMorphogenesisCell LineageGATA4 Transcription FactorGATA Transcription FactorsEmbryo, MammalianActivinsZebrafish ProteinsXenopus ProteinsTranscription FactorsHigh Mobility Group ProteinsHMGB ProteinsZebrafishBlastocystNotochordEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentEmbryonic DevelopmentT-Box Domain ProteinsOtx Transcription FactorsGastrulationFetal ProteinsBranchial RegionTeratomaChick EmbryoSignal TransductionBone Morphogenetic Protein 4PancreasHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-gammaBlastulaChimeraFibroblast Growth Factor 4Primitive StreakCoturnixBone Morphogenetic ProteinsTretinoinFibroblast Growth FactorsEmbryoid BodiesDNA-Binding ProteinsQuailUrochordataLeft-Right Determination FactorsOrganogenesisEmbryonic StructuresGenes, HomeoboxTrans-ActivatorsTeratocarcinomaStem CellsPharynxExtraembryonic MembranesDigestive System AbnormalitiesWnt ProteinsXenopusHeadEmbryonal Carcinoma Stem CellsMolecular Sequence DataSea UrchinsHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alphaCarcinoma, EmbryonalBlastomeresOrganizers, EmbryonicPluripotent Stem CellsModels, Biological
EmbryoMesodermDefinitive endodermVisceralExpressed in the embryonic endodermDifferentiationForegut endodermFormed by ectodermLineageGermExtraembryonicAnteriorOrgansEpitheliumPrimitiveTissuesPluripotentDevelopmentalStemSox17EmbryosBlastoporeVitroYolkFormationDevelopsGene regulatCellsFateMesodermalCellStudy
Embryo8
  • Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • The foxa gene is an integral component of the endoderm specification subcircuit of the endomesoderm gene regulatory network in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryo. (biologists.com)
  • Heading forwards: anterior visceral endoderm migration in patterning the mouse embryo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) of the mouse embryo is a specialised extra-embryonic tissue that is essential for anterior patterning of the embryo. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In the early embryo, the endoderm GRN is initiated by SKN-1, which activates a gene cascade driven by six GATA transcription factors - two MEDs, two ENDs, and two ELTs. (biologists.com)
  • The anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), a signalling centre within the simple epithelium of the visceral endoderm (VE), is required for anterior-posterior axis specification in the mouse embryo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the cranial half of the embryo, the midline endoderm joins with the ventral side of the notochordal process. (ehd.org)
  • Around day 10, 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) are usually distinct in the embryo. (msdmanuals.com)
Mesoderm5
  • Section through ovum imbedded in the uterine decidua Signaling pathway to inducing endoderm Ectoderm Germ layer Histogenesis Mesoderm Organogenesis Endodermal sinus tumor Gastrulation Cell differentiation Triploblasty List of human cell types derived from the germ layers This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 49 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) Langman's Medical Embryology, 11th edition. (wikipedia.org)
  • By gastrulation, mesoderm and endoderm have been defined, and have acquired competence to undergo the morphogenetic movements of gastrulation. (biologists.com)
  • We firstly show that the endoderm, by expressing the fgf24 gene at early stages, triggers the patterning of the pancreatic lateral plate mesoderm. (biologists.com)
  • These include embryonic disc and bilaminar disc formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, primordial germ-cell specification, polarized yolk sac with visceral and parietal endoderm formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity and a connecting stalk, and a trophoblast-surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium and lacunae formation. (nature.com)
  • Teratomas are a germ cell tumors composed of two or more tissues which originate from ectoderm, endoderm or mesoderm. (medscape.com)
Definitive endoderm7
  • See More Use our definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation kit to obtain functional DE cells that are capable of downstream differentiation to hepatic, intestinal, pancreatic and pulmonary cells. (stemcell.com)
  • Embryonic definitive endoderm (DE) generates the epithelial compartment of vital organs such as liver, pancreas, and intestine. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Marker analysis as well as fate-mapping and chimera studies demonstrate for the first time that Eomes is required for specification of the definitive endoderm lineage. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Collectively, our experiments establish that Eomes is a key regulator of anteroposterior axis formation, EMT and definitive endoderm specification in the mouse. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The cells were differentiated into definitive endoderm by using IDE1(induced definitive endoderm). (ac.ir)
  • Expression of definitive endoderm markers including Sox17, FoxA2 and Gsc were confirmed by Immunocytochemistry attaining and RT-PCR analysis. (ac.ir)
  • In the present study, cells morphology and cells viability were evaluated by using a scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay respectively.The results of this study demonstrated the positive effect of 3D cultures, by using suitable factors, on definitive endoderm differentiation.definitive endoderm by using IDE1(induced definitive endoderm). (ac.ir)
Visceral3
  • In mammals, it is controlled by a specialized population of migratory extraembryonic epithelial cells, the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE). The AVE is a signalling centre that is responsible for several important patterning events during early development, including specifying the orientation of the A-P axis and the position of the heart with respect to the brain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Nodal dependent differential localisation of dishevelled-2 demarcates regions of differing cell behaviour in the visceral endoderm. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We construct a molecular map of cellular differentiation from pluripotency towards all major embryonic lineages, and explore the complex events involved in the convergence of visceral and primitive streak-derived endoderm. (nih.gov)
Expressed in the embryonic endoderm2
  • The authors also expanded their smFISH analysis to C. monodelphis and showed that elt-3 is expressed in the embryonic endoderm, as observed in C. portoensis and C. angaria, further strengthening the conclusion that ELT-3 plays a conserved role in endoderm specification in nematodes outside of the Elegans supergroup. (biologists.com)
  • Here, we describe purification of mouse DE using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mice harboring a transgene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) inserted into the Sox17 locus, which is expressed in the embryonic endoderm. (uthscsa.edu)
Differentiation6
  • Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
  • In particular, an excess of Cdx2 over Oct4 determines the trophectoderm lineage whereas an excess of Gata-6 over Nanog determines differentiation into the endoderm lineage. (lu.se)
  • The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
  • Strikingly, the authors were able to move C. angaria network into C. elegans by knocking out the entire GATA cascade in C. elegans and replacing it with Can-ELT-3 and Can-ELT-2, which strongly supports the conclusion that Can-ELT-3 and Can-ELT-2 drive endoderm specification and differentiation, respectively. (biologists.com)
  • Parallel studies of a new human SOX17-eGFP ES cell line allowed analysis of endoderm differentiation in vitro, leading to culture modifications that enhanced expression of an endoderm-like signature. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Although many differentiation protocols in the literature have been successful in mimicking lung development from stem cells, there has not been an examination of how a specific mutation impacts the differentiation process including its effects on the early endoderm, as well as the proximal and distal lung epithelial cell populations in the lung organoids. (nature.com)
Foregut endoderm1
  • The exquisite localisation of the variant confirms mosaicism and strongly suggests it arose in embryonic foregut endoderm between gestational days 16 and 26. (bmj.com)
Formed by ectoderm1
Lineage3
  • Differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to cells of the endoderm lineage with our specialized cell culture media. (stemcell.com)
  • We are using various mouse models to address questions in the field of endoderm and pancreas development, endocrine lineage formation in gut and pancreas as well as beta-cell maturation and regeneration. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • We aim to understand how the lineage decision of pluripotent cells towards the endoderm is taken, how theses precursor cells form the actual germ layer and how they differentiate towards different subpopulations of the endoderm giving rise to various organs along the body axis. (helmholtz-munich.de)
Germ1
  • The endoderm germ layer is giving rise to the epithelial lining of the respiratory and the gastrointestinal tract and can be therefore seen as stem cells of endoderm-derived organs such as liver, lung and pancreas. (helmholtz-munich.de)
Extraembryonic1
Anterior2
  • A sagittal section of approximately this stage, shown in figure 1 A , represents the foregut, fg , as a shallow enclosure of the anterior region of the entoderm, while the wide blastopore, blp , connects the region of the hindgut with the exterior. (gutenberg.org)
  • Anterior endoderm that develops into the lung buds, and in turn, the lungs. (xenbase.org)
Organs1
Epithelium1
  • Pivotal roles for eomesodermin during axis formation, epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition and endoderm specification in the mouse. (ox.ac.uk)
Primitive1
  • Posterior to the blastopore 2 the primitive streak, ps , is seen as a collection of scattered cells between the ectoderm and the entoderm, apparently formed by proliferation from the ventral side of the ectoderm. (gutenberg.org)
Tissues1
  • The following chart shows the tissues produced by the endoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Pluripotent2
  • Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Micropatterned Ectoderm Allows Cell Sorting of Meso-Endoderm Lineages. (bvsalud.org)
  • promotes the conversion of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endoderm to a hepatic fate and regulates HNF4A turnover. (musc.edu)
Developmental1
  • The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)
Stem1
  • However, purification of DE in mammals has not been achieved, limiting the molecular "definition" of endoderm, and hindering our understanding of DE development and attempts to produce endoderm from sources such as embryonic stem (ES) cells. (uthscsa.edu)
Sox171
  • Comparison of patterns of signaling pathway activation in native mouse DE and endoderm-like cells generated from ES cells produced novel culture modifications that generated Sox17-eGFP + progeny whose gene expression resembled DE more closely than achieved with standard methods. (uthscsa.edu)
Embryos1
  • By whole mount in situ hybridisation we observed a highly restricted expression in a few cells of the ectoderm-endoderm boundary of embryos at the prism stage. (northwestern.edu)
Blastopore3
  • The portion of endoderm between dorsal and ventral blastopore lips, and extending towards to the blastocoel. (xenbase.org)
  • The entoderm, which has the appearance of being thickened because of the fact that the notochord has not yet completely separated from it, is continuous, through the blastopore, with the ectoderm. (gutenberg.org)
  • A sagittal section of this stage is shown in figure 2 A . The foregut is here more inclosed, and the notochord, nt , having separated from the entoderm, en , is seen as a distinct layer of cells extending from the foregut to the blastopore. (gutenberg.org)
Vitro1
  • Investigating endoderm specification and formation in vivo will help to translate the findings to the cell culture dish to successfully generate endoderm derived cell types in vitro. (helmholtz-munich.de)
Yolk1
  • Ventrally the canal communicates with the yolk sac cavity through a gap in the endoderm. (ehd.org)
Formation1
  • T-REX17 is a transiently expressed non-coding RNA essential for human endoderm formation. (mpg.de)
Develops3
  • Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm. (wikipedia.org)
  • The embryonic endoderm develops into the interior linings of two tubes in the body, the digestive and respiratory tube. (wikipedia.org)
  • A thickened area of midline endoderm known as the prochordal plate develops immediately in front of the notochordal process. (ehd.org)
Gene regulat3
  • When I received and read this manuscript as an editor, I thought this manuscript may be a good fit for Development and sent it out for peer review since I was struck by what seemed like an example of evolution of a gene regulatory network that led to endoderm specification in two distant yet related species (in this case of the nematode Caenorhabhditis). (biologists.com)
  • Using a combination of gene expression reporters, single molecule FISH analysis, and either genetic mutants or RNA interference to deplete gene function, the authors argued that the gene regulatory network that led to specification of the endoderm was not the same between C. elegans and C. angaria. (biologists.com)
  • In fact C. angaria lacked some 'critical' gut specification genes, 'critical' as defined by the model nematode C. elegans, which led the group to identify a more basic gene regulatory network which drove endoderm specification in nematodes. (biologists.com)
Cells2
  • The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. (wikipedia.org)
  • This pre-patterned ectoderm can be used to investigate the cell sorting behavior of hPSC-derived meso- endoderm cells , with an endoderm that segregates from the neural ectoderm . (bvsalud.org)
Fate1
  • Experiments in which blastomere transplantation is combined with foxa MASO treatment demonstrate that, in the normal endoderm, a crucial role of Foxa is to repress gcm expression in response to a Notch signal, and hence to repress mesodermal fate. (biologists.com)
Mesodermal1
  • Branchial arches are mesodermal structures covered by ectoderm and lined with endoderm. (medscape.com)
Cell1
  • In plant biology, endoderm corresponds to the innermost part of the cortex (bark) in young shoots and young roots often consisting of a single cell layer. (wikipedia.org)
Study1
  • This study demonstrates an extensive rewiring of the endoderm GRN within the Caenorhabditis genus (Figure 2). (biologists.com)