• Typical cyclodextrins contain a number of glucose monomers ranging from six to eight units in a ring, creating a cone shape: α (alpha)-cyclodextrin: 6 glucose subunits β (beta)-cyclodextrin: 7 glucose subunits γ (gamma)-cyclodextrin: 8 glucose subunits The largest well-characterized cyclodextrin contains 32 1,4-anhydroglucopyranoside units. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast to these observations, the threefold amount of beta-cyclodextrin with hexahydroxidostannate(IV) showed a single signal, whose chemical shift indicates a new, hexacoordinate, tin-containing species. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The results from the structural analysis were consistent with the spectroscopic results and show a supramolecular assembly with threefold rotational symmetry that consists of three components: three beta-cyclodextrin dianions, three tetrahedral tetraaqualithium cations and the tetravalent metal center. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Surprisingly, beta-cyclodextrin could avoid decomposition and formed single crystals. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Over the past three years, many Niemann Pick Type C families as well as physicians treating NPC patients worldwide have contacted Dr. Caroline Hastings and I regarding Addi and Cassi's treatments with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. (addiandcassi.com)
  • A capillary electrophoretic method for the separation of the aminoglutethimide (AGT) enantiomers using methylated-beta-cyclodextrin (M-beta-CD) as chiral selector is described. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin , also known as (2-hydroxypropyl) -β-cyclodextrin, is a hydrogen atom in the 2-, 3-, and 6-hydroxyl groups of the glucose residues in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) that is replaced by hydroxypropyl to hydroxypropoxy. (abnewswire.com)
  • Hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin can improve the stability and long-term performance of nutritional molecules, cover up or correct the bad odor and taste of food nutritional molecules, and improve the production process and product quality. (abnewswire.com)
  • Hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin can improve the water solubility of insoluble drugs, increase drug stability, improve drug bioavailability, increase the efficacy of drug preparations or reduce the dosage, adjust or control the release speed of drugs, and reduce drug toxicity. (abnewswire.com)
  • In a mouse model of atherosclerosis, subcutaneous injections of beta-cyclodextrin polymer (βCDP) significantly inhibited plaque growth compared to monomeric hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) at the same dose (1 g/kg). (pharmaexcipients.com)
  • MD simulation indicated that ibuprofen could form the stable complexes with β -, γ -, and HP- β -cyclodextrins, but not for alpha cyclodextrin. (hindawi.com)
  • While the wild-type CGTase from the same bacterium produces a mixture of mainly alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins, catalyzing the conversion of starch into cyclic or linear alpha-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl chains, site-directed mutation of histidine-233 to asparagine changed the nature of the enzyme such that it no longer produced alpha-cyclodextrin. (rcsb.org)
  • What is Alpha-Cyclodextrin? (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin is a naturally occurring sugar derived from starch molecules. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin has a variety of uses, including in pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, and as a dietary supplement. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Where is Alpha-Cyclodextrin Generally Used? (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin is used in a variety of applications. (lovetofeel.com)
  • In the food and beverage industry, Alpha-Cyclodextrin is commonly used as an emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin is increasingly used as a dietary supplement to promote improved digestion and gut health. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Where is Alpha-Cyclodextrin Found? (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin can be found in a number of food items. (lovetofeel.com)
  • What Are The Health Benefits Of Alpha-Cyclodextrin? (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin is created from the breakdown of starch molecules, specifically from potatoes. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin is a naturally occurring sugar, meaning it is not artificially created or derived. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin has a wide range of uses, from pharmaceuticals to food and beverages. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin can help to improve digestion and maintain a healthy gut microbiome. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Alpha-Cyclodextrin is generally considered to be safe for consumption. (lovetofeel.com)
  • However, it is important to talk to a healthcare professional before taking any dietary supplement, as Alpha-Cyclodextrin may interact with certain medications. (lovetofeel.com)
  • Additionally, it is important to note that Alpha-Cyclodextrin is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment. (lovetofeel.com)
  • The method uses sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin in the presence of Mg +2 , which forms complexes with apoB containing lipoproteins, and polyethylene glycol-coupled cholesteryl esterase and cholesterol oxidase for the HDL-cholesterol measurement. (cdc.gov)
  • The inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic molecules are able to penetrate body tissues, these can be used to release biologically active compounds under specific conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • CGTases produce mixtures of cyclodextrins, thus the product of the conversion results in a mixture of the three main types of cyclic molecules, in ratios that are strictly dependent on the enzyme used: each CGTase has its own characteristic α:β:γ synthesis ratio. (wikipedia.org)
  • Purification of the three types of cyclodextrins takes advantage of the different water solubility of the molecules: β-CD which is poorly water-soluble (18.5 mg/L or 16.3 mM at 25 °C) can be easily retrieved through crystallization while the more soluble α- and γ-CDs (145 and 232 g/L respectively) are usually purified by means of expensive and time consuming chromatography techniques. (wikipedia.org)
  • An ultrathin membrane formed at the interface between hexane and water (left) contains porous cyclodextrin molecules (dark blue), which bear amine (orange) and hydroxyl (cyan) groups that help the molecules to form aligned channels (right). (acs.org)
  • To produce OSN membranes with robust, tunable pores, chemists have previously created films containing intrinsically porous macrocycles, such as barrel-shaped cyclodextrin molecules . (acs.org)
  • Results from all three modeling approaches showed similar ranking between ibuprofen and four cyclodextrin molecules as the experimental data. (hindawi.com)
  • Pressure perturbation calorimetry measurements on a range of cyclodextrin adamantane, protein ligand (lysozyme-(GlcNac)(3) and ribonuclease-2'CMP) and protein-protein (cytochrome c peroxidase-pseudoazurin) complexes in aqueous solution show consistent reductions in thermal expansibilities compared to the uncomplexed molecules. (unl.pt)
  • Although reasonable estimates for numbers of displaced water molecules may be obtained in the case of rigid cyclodextrin-adamantane complexes, protein expansibility data are less easily reconciled. (unl.pt)
  • The product of the conversion results is commonly a mixture of three main types of cyclodextrins and the purification of different cyclodextrins takes advantage of the different water solubility of the molecules. (bioglyco.com)
  • The chemical methods mainly involve the introduction of new functional groups to the cyclodextrin molecules through chemical reactions such as etherification, esterification, oxidation, etc . (bioglyco.com)
  • Cyclodextrins (CDs) are well-known carriers for encapsulating hydrophobic molecules, while among cannabinoids , cannabidiol (CBD) has attracted considerable attention due to its therapeutic capability. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pseudopolyrotaxanes or inclusion complexes are supramolecular assemblies formed by a polymer chain, which is threaded by several cyclodextrin (CD) molecules. (lu.se)
  • With a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior, cyclodextrins form complexes with hydrophobic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, the exterior is sufficiently hydrophilic to impart cyclodextrins (or their complexes) water solubility. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, ibuprofen and cyclodextrin complexes have been studied using different experimental techniques [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings may be helpful to develop other cyclodextrin-metal complexes with metals which show catalytic activity. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • By comparing the starch-derived cyclodextrins containing 6 (α-CD, 1 ) to 9 glucose units [1] with their non-natural small-ring counterparts with 3, 4, or 5 glucose residues, it becomes obvious that the cycloglucopentaoside is still capable of forming inclusion complexes, whilst the smaller homologs are amenable to hydrophobic binding via a surface indentation only [2] . (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • This twofold alkylation was performed in aqueous solution, whereby α-, and randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin were used as adequate phase transfer catalysts and the cyclodextrin-guest complexes were characterized by 1 H NMR and 2D NMR ROESY spectroscopy. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Cyclodextrins are non-toxic, sugar-based substances that form complexes with many contaminants. (uri.edu)
  • Pauleta, SR 2010, ' Pressure Perturbation Calorimetry and the Thermodynamics of Noncovalent Interactions in Water: Comparison of Protein-Protein, Protein-Ligand, and Cyclodextrin-Adamantane Complexes ', Journal of Physical Chemistry B , vol. 114, no. 49, pp. 16228-16235. (unl.pt)
  • Herein, we present the synthesis, characterisation, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of two novel bioconjugates of ß-cyclodextrin bearing the deferiprone moiety either on the upper rim (1) or on the lower rim (2) of the cyclodextrin and their iron(III) complexes. (figshare.com)
  • Water-soluble cyclodextrin thioethers derivatives for the transportation of hydrophobic drugs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Research studies in both humans and animals have shown that cyclodextrins and their derivatives can be used to improve the drug delivery system for almost any type of drug formulation from anti-cancer drugs to anti-viral drugs. (addiandcassi.com)
  • The four peripheral ester moieties of the title compound 5 are regioselectively hydrolyzed under mild conditions in the presence of ß-cyclodextrin (10), providing a new entry to tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives with differently substituted Ph groups in the meso-positions. (unige.ch)
  • As a leading provider in custom cyclodextrin synthesis, CD BioGlyco has accumulated many years of successful experience in the custom synthesis of a wide range of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives. (bioglyco.com)
  • CD BioGlyco has vast experience in the production of cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin derivatives through various process routes, supported by sensitive analytical tools to characterize the products. (bioglyco.com)
  • The complex formation drives the conversion of starch towards the synthesis of the precipitated cyclodextrin, thus enriching its content in the final mixture of products. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fulton, DA & Stoddart, JF 2000, ' An efficient synthesis of cyclodextrin-based carbohydrate cluster compounds ', Organic Letters , vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 1113-1116. (northwestern.edu)
  • Equipped with professional technicians and advanced experimental platforms, CD BioGlyco offers clients high-quality custom cyclodextrin synthesis service in a short time with competitive pricing. (bioglyco.com)
  • Custom synthesis of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin polymers. (bioglyco.com)
  • Cyclodextrin polymers: Structure, synthesis, and use as drug carriers. (bioglyco.com)
  • 3. Rather, MY, Ara KZG, Nordberg Karlsson E, Adlercreutz P. ( 2015 ) Characterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) and their application for synthesis of alkyl glycosides with oligomeric head group. (lu.se)
  • We examine a new approach to reversibly modulate hydrophobic interactions in associative polymers using cyclodextrins (CD) and enzymes that cause scission of the α-1, 4 linkages in cyclodextrins. (rsc.org)
  • Commonly cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is employed along with α-amylase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclodextrins are prepared by treating starch with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) and α- amylase. (bioglyco.com)
  • 6. Ara KZG, Lundemo P, Fridjonsson OH, Hreggvidsson GO, Adlercreutz P, Nordberg Karlsson E. ( 2015 ) A CGtase with high coupling activity using γ-cyclodextrin from a novel strain clustering under the genus Carboxydocella . (lu.se)
  • They are the main ingredient in Febreze which claims that the β-cyclodextrins "trap" odor-causing compounds, thereby reducing the odor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclodextrins are naturally occurring compounds composed of a large ring of glucose subunits. (bioglyco.com)
  • The cyclodextrin confers solubility and stability to these drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Docking results from AutoDock Vina program showed that the scoring of complexation capability between ibuprofen and cyclodextrins is alpha ( α ), gamma ( γ ), beta ( β ), and HP-beta-cyclodextrins, which indicated similar ranking with the results from phase, solubility diagram experiments. (hindawi.com)
  • Cyclodextrins (CDs) are natural pharmaceutical ingredients for the solubility-enhancement of poorly soluble drugs for over half century. (hindawi.com)
  • The complex of cyclodextrin increases the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of the drug, which is useful for the delivery of the medical agent to a biological system. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The solubility of hydroxypropyl -B-cyclodextrin in water is very good, and the substitution degree of 4 and above can be miscible with water in any proportion, and can also be dissolved in 50% ethanol and methanol. (abnewswire.com)
  • The solubility of hydrophobic reactants in water can be increased significantly by cyclodextrins (CD) and thereby the use of organic solvents can be reduced [16-18] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Two different cyclodextrin varieties were investigated and it was shown that their presence in solution results in a significant increase of the apparent solubility of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). (uri.edu)
  • β-Cyclodextrin can act as an efficient inhibitor of the photosensitized dimerization of thymine by para -aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in aqueous solution. (bioone.org)
  • Energetic and thermodynamical aspects of the cyclodextrins-cannabidiol complex in aqueous solution: a molecular-dynamics study. (bvsalud.org)
  • A detailed force-field-based evaluation of the molecular geometries of small-ring cyclodextrins 1 - 3 with three, four, and five α(1→4)-linked glucose residues and the starch-derived α-cyclodextrin ( 4 ) was performed by using molecular mechanics and high-temperature annealing. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • The aim of this research was to compare three modeling approaches (Docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and quantum mechanics (QM)) for cyclodextrin/drug complexation. (hindawi.com)
  • From the search of Web of Science, there are over 700 research papers about theoretical calculations on cyclodextrins complexation with various drugs until 2014. (hindawi.com)
  • There are also a few theoretical research papers on the complexation of ibuprofen and cyclodextrins [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 5. Rather, MY, Nordberg Karlsson E, Adlercreutz P. ( 2015 ) Complexation of alkyl glycosides with α-cyclodextrin can have drastically different effects on their conversion by glycoside hydrolases. (lu.se)
  • Octakis-(2,3-di- O -methyl-6- O -carboxymethyl)-γ-cyclodextrin sodium salt (ODMCM). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, consisting of a macrocyclic ring of glucose subunits joined by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, current cyclodextrin formulation development strongly depends on trial-and-error in the laboratory, which is time-consuming and high cost. (hindawi.com)
  • However, current cyclodextrin formulation development mainly depends on trial-and-error by formulation scientists in the laboratory, which is time-consuming and high cost. (hindawi.com)
  • β-cyclodextrins are used to produce stationary phase media for HPLC separations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Providing analytical services to characterize products of cyclodextrin. (bioglyco.com)
  • Mouse studies indicated that subcutaneous administration of oligosaccharide 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD) can solubilize cholesterol, removing it from the atheromatous plaque that causes atherosclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wistar rats were divided into non-diabetic groups: Control, Ethanol, Resveratrol, Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, Resveratrol-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and diabetic groups with the same treatments. (ufrgs.br)
  • Na+, K+-ATPase activity was greatly affected, but it was reversed by resveratrol and resveratrol-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. (ufrgs.br)
  • Cyclodextrins are also used to produce alcohol powder by encapsulating ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
  • As an alternative a "complexing agent" can be added during the enzymatic conversion step: such agents (usually organic solvents like toluene, acetone or ethanol) form a complex with the desired cyclodextrin which subsequently precipitates. (wikipedia.org)
  • In many cases, statistical (random) substitution results in essential changes in the hydrogen bonding systems of the cyclodextrin hydroxy rims, and is especially useful when the crystalline complex formation with the guest is undesirable. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Hydrogen bonds (Hbonds) between N-cyclohexylmaleimide and the hydroxyl groups of cyclodextrins were suggested to play an important role in the catalysis.However, our free energy calculations and molecular dynamics simulations showed that these Hbonds are not stable, and quantum mechanics calculations suggested that the reaction is not promoted by these Hbonds. (biorxiv.org)
  • I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
  • Cyclodextrins are widely used for the solubilisation of poorly soluble drugs in the formulations. (hindawi.com)
  • The cyclodextrins have toroidal shapes, with the larger and the smaller openings of the toroid exposing to the solvent secondary and primary hydroxyl groups respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • To help these macrocycles line up, Livingston's team made cyclodextrins that carry amine groups around one rim and hydroxyl groups around the other. (acs.org)
  • Thus, MD simulation with MM-PBSA method may be fit to in silico screen for cyclodextrin formulations. (hindawi.com)
  • There are over 35 commercially available pharmaceutical formulations including various natural or chemically modified cyclodextrins [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Accordingly, only the cyclopentaoside 3 exhibits a hydrophobic central cavity similar to that of α-CD ( 4 ), the smaller cyclodextrins 2 and 1 are closed, yet contain a hydrophobic indentation for potential binding. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Cyclodextrins act as a container to hold the two reactants in the cavity, pre-organizes them for the reactions, and thus reduces the entropy penalty to the activation free energy. (biorxiv.org)
  • Moreover, calculations confirm NOE experiments consistent with the fact that the cyclodextrins 10 and 12 approach the Ph groups of the porphyrin with the small opening of the cavity (primary face). (unige.ch)
  • coordination with Eu3 + is due to the carboxyl group (COO-), which is outside the cyclodextrin cavity. (atlantis-press.com)
  • Cyclodextrins are ingredients in more than 30 different approved medicines. (wikipedia.org)
  • X-ray analysis of the product showed lead(IV) complexed by three cyclodextrin dianions isotypic to the tin(IV)-cyclodextrin complex. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This can be explained by considering the formation of an inclusion complex between PABA and β-cyclodextrin. (bioone.org)
  • UV, 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy of the inclusion complex 9 of 2,6-O-dimethyl-ß-cyclodextrin (12) and 5 indicate a stoichiometry of 2:1 for 10/5. (unige.ch)
  • The effect of confinement on a barrierless ultrafast chemical reaction is investigated through the ultrafast torsional reaction of the dye Auramine O bound in a cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Glycidyl methacrylate/monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin mixture (GMA/MCT-β-CD) is grafted onto cotton fabric by an irradiation technique that uses linear electron beam radiation for initiating the grafting reaction. (emerald.com)
  • This work presents a proof of concept for a green cyclodextrin derivatisation method that uses low-boiling epoxide reagents in a high-energy ball mill (HEBM). (beilstein-journals.org)
  • It could be shown, that the functional groups of the oligosaccharide cyclodextrin are able to assemble into a nanoscaled trimer that provides a mononuclear binding site for high valent metal centers. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In particular, increased β-cyclodextrin concentrations led to reduced swelling and reduced drug release efficiency. (bath.ac.uk)
  • At each time point, the microcosms were amended with aqueous solutions of cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) at a range of concentrations (0-40 mM). (lancs.ac.uk)
  • This computational work sheds light on the mechanism of the catalytic reaction by cyclodextrins and introduces new perspectives of supramolecular catalysis. (biorxiv.org)
  • The simplified preparation and purification of low substitution-degree common (2-hydroxy)propylated β- and γ-cyclodextrins (β/γ-CDs) has been realised. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Cyclodextrins are produced from starch by enzymatic conversion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclodextrins are prepared by enzymatic treatment of starch. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclodextrins have multiple functions of improving the bioavailability of the drug and facilitating delivery, eliminating odors, intensifying the enzymatic conversion of lipophilic substrates, reducing aggregation, and enhancing emulsification and moisture resistance. (bioglyco.com)
  • Modification of cyclodextrins by chemical and enzymatic engineering methods. (bioglyco.com)
  • Chemical composition of cyclodextrin consists of D-glucopyranoses, which are linked by alpha 1,4-glycosidic bonds to form the macrocyclic ring conformations. (hindawi.com)
  • However, cyclodextrins are poor across most of the biological membranes due to their high molecular weight and inherent hydrophilicity [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The color-coded projections of molecular lipophilicity patterns (MLP) on molecular surfaces provide a new look at the hydrophobic topographies of cyclodextrins. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • We evaluated the effects of polyacrylic acid (PAA) molecular weight and crosslinking agent (β-cyclodextrin) concentration on swelling and drug (metoclopramide) release characteristics of PAA hydrogels. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The goal of the Phase I clinical trial is to determine a safe dose of cyclodextrin that will support an expanded Phase II trial to begin to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug. (news-medical.net)