Currently available liquid scintillation counters2
Using currently available liquid scintillation counters, this test method can measure 59 Ni activity concentrations of 50 mBq·l −1 and 63 Ni activity concentrations of 20 mBq·l −1 with a counting time of 200 min and a sample volume of 1,5 l. (iso.org)
The method described in this document, using currently available liquid scintillation counters and suitable technical conditions, has a detection limit as low as 1 Bq∙l −1 , which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq·l -1 ). (iso.org)
Radionuclides by liquid2
ISO 19361:2017describes the conditions for measuring the activity of beta emitter radionuclides by liquid scintillation counting[14][15]. (iso.org)
Rapid detection and quantification of gross alpha/beta-emitting radionuclides by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is vital in guiding response to a nuclear or radiological incidents. (cdc.gov)
Counters3
ISO 19361:2017 applies to liquid scintillation counters and requires the preparation of a scintillation source obtained by mixing the test sample and a scintillation cocktail. (iso.org)
Liquid scintillation counters use signal pulse shape to discriminate alpha and beta events in samples but require precise optimization to minimize the spillover, or misclassification, of those events. (cdc.gov)
Crystalline cesium iodide and cesium fluoride are used in scintillation counters, which convert energy from ionizing radiation into pulses of visible light for radiation detection and spectroscopy. (cdc.gov)
Liquid chromatography1
Metabolite patterns were determined by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography with off-line microplate solid scintillation counting and characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. (aspetjournals.org)
Accelerator mass spectro3
A comparison has been made between accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) of plasma, urine and faecal samples containing 14C-labelled drugs. (kingston.ac.uk)
We use decay measurements (liquid scintillation counting) as well as mass spectrometric methods (accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS). (lu.se)
The Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) technique actually counts single atoms! (lu.se)
Samples10
The radioactive samples and cocktail are placed in small transparent or translucent (often glass or plastic) vials that are loaded into an instrument known as a liquid scintillation counter. (wikipedia.org)
Some chemical compounds (notably chlorine compounds) and highly colored samples can interfere with the counting process. (wikipedia.org)
This document specifies the determination of nickel-59 and nickel-63 ( 59 Ni and 63 Ni) activity concentration in samples of all types of water using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). (iso.org)
This document specifies a method by liquid scintillation counting for the determination of tritium activity concentration in samples of marine waters, surface waters, ground waters, rain waters, drinking waters or of tritiated water ([ 3 H]H 2 O) in effluents. (iso.org)
This document specifies a method for the measurement of 14 C activity concentration in all types of water samples by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) either directly on the test sample or following a chemical separation. (iso.org)
The disintegration rates of 35 S and 45 Ca samples were determined by the modified integral counting method, which extrapolates the integral count rate to the zero detection threshold of a liquid scintillation spectrometer. (elsevierpure.com)
abstract = "The disintegration rates of35S and45Ca samples were determined by the modified integral counting method, which extrapolates the integral count rate to the zero detection threshold of a liquid scintillation spectrometer. (elsevierpure.com)
ISO 13162:2011 specifies the conditions for the determination of 14 C activity concentration in samples of environmental water or of 14 C-containing water using liquid scintillation counting. (iso.org)
For solid samples, the activity of the prepared scintillation source shall be compatible with the measuring instrument. (iso.org)
Samples were analyzed by liquid scintillation counting. (cdc.gov)
Cocktail4
High-energy beta emitters, such as phosphorus-32 and yttrium-90 can also be counted in a scintillation counter without the cocktail, instead using an aqueous solution containing no scintillators. (wikipedia.org)
The method is applicable to the analysis of any organic molecule soluble in water that is well mixed with the scintillation cocktail. (iso.org)
It does not apply to micelles or "large" particles (lipids, fulvic acid, humic acid, etc.) that are inadequately mixed with the scintillation cocktail and the water. (iso.org)
Some beta energy is lost without any excitation of the scintillation cocktail and the results are underestimated. (iso.org)
Vials2
Cherenkov counting benefits from the use of plastic vials which scatter the emitted light, increasing the potential for light to reach the photomultiplier tube. (wikipedia.org)
Lightweight, and virtually unbreakable PET vials offer low permeability to solvents and minimal background counts. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Tritium2
Counting efficiencies under ideal conditions range from about 30% for tritium (a low-energy beta emitter) to nearly 100% for phosphorus-32, a high-energy beta emitter. (wikipedia.org)
Applications of Emulsions in Tritium Counting. (epa.gov)
Pulses1
The coincidence circuit assures that genuine light pulses, which reach both photomultiplier tubes, are counted, while spurious pulses (due to line noise, for example), which would only affect one of the tubes, are ignored. (wikipedia.org)
Determination2
A liquid scintillation spectrometer has been applied to the determination of the counting efficiency for the air luminescence produced by standardized 222 Rn and its daughters. (elsevierpure.com)
Morita-Murase, Y, Murakami, I & Homma, Y 2001, ' The air luminescence count for the rapid determination of 222 Rn in a liquid scintillation spectrometer ', Chemistry Letters , no. 3, pp. 238-239. (elsevierpure.com)
Measurement3
Liquid scintillation counting is the measurement of radioactive activity of a sample material which uses the technique of mixing the active material with a liquid scintillator (e.g. zinc sulfide), and counting the resultant photon emissions. (wikipedia.org)
The range of application depends on the amount of dissolved material in the water and on the performance characteristics of the measurement equipment (background count rate and detection efficiency). (iso.org)
This document specifies a method for the measurement of 99 Tc in all types of waters by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). (iso.org)
Homma1
Homma, Y, Murase, Y & Handa, K 1994, ' Absolute liquid scintillation counting of 35 S and 45 Ca using a modified integral counting method ', Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters , vol. 187, no. 5, pp. 367-374. (elsevierpure.com)
Efficiency2
The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the sample counting time, the background count rate, the detection efficiency and the chemical recovery. (iso.org)
Based on the counting efficiency, known amounts of 222 Rn can be prepared in 3.5 h. (elsevierpure.com)
Method2
The choice of the test method using liquid scintillation counting involves the consideration of the potential presence of other beta emitter radionuclides in the test sample. (iso.org)
The method uses a short count time, small sample volume, and a large volume detector and well size. (cdc.gov)
Methods1
Different chemical separation methods are presented to produce strontium and yttrium sources, the activity of which is determined using a proportional counter (PC) or liquid scintillation counter (LSC). (iso.org)
Mass1
Evaluate mass balance using liquid scintillation counting. (livecareer.com)
Time1
These values can be achieved with a counting time of 30 min for a sample volume varying between 14 ml to 40 ml. (iso.org)
Beta3
In this case, a specific sample treatment by separation or extraction is implemented to isolate the radionuclide of interest in order to avoid any interference with other beta-, alpha- and gamma-emitting radionuclides during the counting phase. (iso.org)
Alpha/beta counting: Low-level counting system with a sample changer for detection of alpha and beta radiation. (virginia.gov)
Liquid Scintillation Counting System (LSC) for low-level beta counting. (virginia.gov)
Tubes1
This technique, known as Cherenkov counting, relies on Cherenkov radiation being detected directly by the photomultiplier tubes. (wikipedia.org)
Activity1
The purpose is to allow more efficient counting due to the intimate contact of the activity with the scintillator. (wikipedia.org)
Solution1
The brown cardboard box with liquid scintillation solution classed as chemical waste must be specially labelled, see below. (lu.se)
Performance1
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so that we can measure and improve the performance of our website. (lu.se)
Comparison1
An informal bilateral comparison of ¹⁴C liquid scintillation (LS) counting at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been completed. (canada.ca)
Materials1
Metal halide perovskites are most famous for their rapid development in solar cells, but they are also promising materials for X-ray scintillation detectors. (lu.se)
Level1
Low-Level Counting by Liquid Scintillation -- II. (epa.gov)