Dna viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is replicated by a DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
They can be divided between those that have two strands of DNA in their genome, called double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of DNA in their genome, called single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Reverse transcribing viruses, which have a DNA genome that is replicated through an RNA intermediate by a reverse transcriptase, are classified into the kingdom Pararnavirae in the realm Riboviria. (wikipedia.org)
The first Baltimore group of DNA viruses are those that have a double-stranded DNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
dsDNA viruses make use of several mechanisms to replicate their genome. (wikipedia.org)
Some dsDNA viruses use a strand displacement method whereby one strand is synthesized from a template strand, and a complementary strand is then synthesized from the prior synthesized strand, forming a dsDNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
Lastly, some dsDNA viruses are replicated as part of a process called replicative transposition whereby a viral genome in a host cell's DNA is replicated to another part of a host genome. (wikipedia.org)
However, because the genome is single-stranded, it is first made into a double-stranded form by a DNA polymerase upon entering a host cell. (wikipedia.org)
The double-stranded form of ssDNA viruses may be produced either directly after entry into a cell or as a consequence of replication of the viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
Cells across the tree of life are built with very similar components: A wall to keep everything in, DNA which stores the genome, and RNA and protein which take care of the mechanics and metabolism. (3quarksdaily.com)
RNA was likely to be among the very first of the modern information polymer classes to emerge, because RNAs can do the jobs of genome storage (now done mainly by DNA) and enzymatic action (now done mainly by protein). (3quarksdaily.com)
So how did DNA take over the job of genome storage? (3quarksdaily.com)
They describe how HSV-1 enters cells, docks with portals on the nucleus and injects DNA with high pressure caused by tight packing of the capsid, the tough shell that houses the viral genome. (scienceblog.com)
That is one of the surprise discoveries made by a pair of Vanderbilt biologists when they sequenced the genome of a virus that attacks Wolbachia, a bacterial parasite that has successfully infected not only black widow spiders but more than half of all arthropod species, which include insects, spiders and crustaceans. (phys.org)
Bordenstein began studying the WO 15 years ago because he was curious about how such a virus survives and flourishes in a symbiotic bacteria like Wolbachiathat has a very small genome. (phys.org)
There's really no reason, based on what we know, for this virus to be in the symbionts' genome. (technologynetworks.com)
Now we can start asking why the symbiont keeps that DNA, or part of the genome. (technologynetworks.com)
Davison, A.J. and Scott, J.E. (1985) DNA sequence of the major inverted repeat in the Varicella-Zoster virus genome. (gla.ac.uk)
The major inverted repeat of 7319.5 base pairs is present at an internal site in the varicella-zoster virus genome and at one terminus. (gla.ac.uk)
The entire genome of human papilloma virus type 1a was cloned in Escherichia coli using the plasmid pBR322 as vector. (pasteur.fr)
Viral DNA isolated from a single wart was partially methylated at only one out of the four HpaII sites, d(C-C-G-G). Recognition sites for Bg/I, Bg/II, PstI and PvuII restriction endonucleases were located on the cloned genome. (pasteur.fr)
There, the virus genome enters the nucleus of a neuron, where it persists indefinitely in a latent state. (medscape.com)
EBNA1 was thought to randomly bind to DNA sequences on the human genome. (dnagenetics.info)
Thus, EBNA1 acts as a bridge between the virus and genome in human cells. (dnagenetics.info)
It is the largest (220 nm in diameter) and most complex herpesvirus, with a 235,000 double-stranded DNA genome. (medscape.com)
CMV shares many attributes with other herpes viruses, including genome, virion structure, and the ability to cause latent and persistent infections. (medscape.com)
CMV has the largest genome of the herpes viruses. (medscape.com)
Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

Most ssDNA viruses contain circular genomes that are replicated via rolling circle replication (RCR). (wikipedia.org)

This suggests a scenario in which a clever parasite brings along DNA plus the means of copying DNA- a different parasite at least for bacteria and archaea/eukaryotes- and hijacks the cell's existing interpretation equipment. (3quarksdaily.com)
Instead, in bacteria cells, it binds onto invading viruses and protects vulnerable cells without shredding the virus's DNA. (singularityhub.com)
The study shows that chopping up viral DNA isn't the only route for antiviral defense, at least in bacteria cells, the authors said. (singularityhub.com)
Researchers already knew that several viruses that infect bacteria, called bacteriophages, use the same high-pressure mechanism to shoot their DNA into bacteria nuclei. (scienceblog.com)
Discovering DNA related to the black widow spider toxin gene came as a total surprise because it is the first time that a phage - a virus that infects bacteria - has been found carrying animal-like DNA," said Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Seth Bordenstein. (phys.org)
The large dark patch is bacteria DNA that has been degraded by the phage. (phys.org)
The ability to genetically engineer Wolbachia could lead to inserting genes that cause the bacteria to produce traits that increase the effectiveness of usingWolbachia against dengue and Zika viruses. (phys.org)
of the length of the DNA strands that are propelled into the bacteria. (lu.se)
People have conducted studies looking for more conventional viruses and bacteria in throat swabs, but the way those studies were done meant that they could have easily missed the ones that we work with," Van Etten said. (unl.edu)
The MDA5 protein plays an important role in innate immunity, the body's early, nonspecific response to foreign invaders (pathogens) such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
As an experimental model, the researchers examined what happens when exposing phage viruses - viruses that attack bacteria - to temperature increases. (lu.se)

The scientists also found that WO shares a number of other segments of DNA with animal genomes. (phys.org)
The EVE discovery underscores recent observations that viruses other than retroviruses can integrate fragments of their genetic code into their hosts' genomes. (technologynetworks.com)
The researchers did not find EVEs from RNA viruses in samples of filtered seawater or in the genomes of dinoflagellate-free stony corals , hydrocorals or jellyfish. (technologynetworks.com)
The UL33 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes a 130 amino acid (aa) protein that is essential for the cleavage of concatemeric viral DNA into monomeric genomes and their packaging into preformed capsids. (gla.ac.uk)
Several ND10 components are rapidly recruited to sites that are closely associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes during the earliest stages of infection, and this property correlates with the efficiency of ND10 mediated restriction of HSV-1 replication. (mdpi.com)
How the DNA encoding these selfish elements spreads within and between genomes is poorly understood, particularly in eukaryotes where inteins are scarce. (lu.se)

Patients infected with high-hazard viruses: scientific basis for infection control. (cdc.gov)
14. Tomori O, Monath TP, Lee V, Fagbami A, Fabiyi A. Bwamba virus infection: a sero-survey of veterbrates in five ecological zones in Nigeria. (cdc.gov)
Discovery of the pressure-driven infection mechanism - the first in a human virus - opens the door to new treatments for viral infections, they add in a study in the Journal of the American Chemical Society . (scienceblog.com)
Evilevitch and colleagues conclude that evolution has preserved this effective technique as a key step in viral infection - making it a desirable target for future treatments to defeat HSV-1 and other viruses that work the same way. (scienceblog.com)
Similar but distinct recruitment of certain DNA damage response proteins also occurs during infection. (mdpi.com)
In mice, vaccines inducing antibodies to the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) can confer protection to influenza A virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Respiratory and systemic humoral and cellular immune response of pigs to a heterosubtypic influenza A virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Infection occurs by direct contact of skin or mucous membrane with virus-laden lesions or secretions. (medscape.com)
After the primary infection, the virus spreads from the infected epithelial cells to nearby sensory nerve endings and is transported along the nerve axon to the cell body located in the trigeminal ganglion. (medscape.com)
Recurrent ocular HSV infection traditionally has been thought of as reactivation of the virus in the trigeminal ganglion, which migrates down the nerve axon to produce a lytic infection in ocular tissue. (medscape.com)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) or human herpesvirus 4 is a common infection in humans. (dnagenetics.info)
While infection by these viruses is common in all children, it usually causes mild symptoms and lasts only a short time before being cleared by a healthy immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
A cell culture positive for herpes simplex virus (HSV) implies probable active infection. (medscape.com)

In an early, RNA-protein world, there would not be enzymes to degrade DNA, so a virus encoded by DNA would have a big survival advantage. (3quarksdaily.com)
The symbiosis of virus plus RNA/protein cell eventually resulted in the modern arrangement of DNA, RNA and protein. (3quarksdaily.com)
The virus used a protein called ancHTenv to link up with that protein, like a key in a lock. (extremetech.com)
The team also found a remarkably well-preserved version of that protein hiding in the DNA of primates (including humans), which they've named hsaHTenv. (extremetech.com)
The team used the remaining genetic code to reconstruct the ancient virus protein and study its function, which was a scientific first. (extremetech.com)
This gene was used by cells to produce the "key" protein of the virus independent of the virus itself. (extremetech.com)
Viral DNA synthesis involves a DNA repair enzyme, the uracil-DNA glycosylase D4 linked to the structural protein A20 forming the processivity factor, which in turn binds to E9 forming the complex required for processive DNA synthesis. (biorxiv.org)
In 1962, the biologist Donald Caspar and the biophysicist Aaron Klug discovered the geometrical principles according to which the protein envelopes of viruses are built. (nanowerk.com)
Broilers vaccinated with plasmid DNA or IBDV-protein boost exhibited partial protection against IBDV-STC strain, whereas, vaccinated SPF chicks were not protected and exhibited severe microscopic lesions after challenge. (umd.edu)
By the same token, the reason(s) why nine of the 16 mutants are defective in DNA packaging remains unclear, but does not appear to be associated with their ability to form known protein-protein interactions or to localise to sites of DNA packaging. (gla.ac.uk)
A protein resulting from the fusion between M2e and the hepatitis B virus core protein (M2eHBc), with or without adjuvant, was evaluated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In addition, a DNA construct expressing a fusion protein between M2e and influenza virus nucleoprotein (M2eNP) was evaluated to see if the broad-spectrum protection conferred by antibodies could be further enhanced by T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A protein encoded by EBV, called EBNA1 binds to DNA of our cells on chromosome 11q23. (dnagenetics.info)
Since the initial discovery of 51 fragile sites in human chromosomes almost 40 years ago, we have now identified an example of fragility induced by binding of EBNA1, the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein encoded by a virus to which almost the entire human population has been exposed. (dnagenetics.info)
Right now, he is studying how proteins and protein signaling help with DNA Damage in cells. (dnagenetics.info)
In particular, the protein recognizes a molecule called double-stranded RNA (a chemical cousin of DNA), which certain viruses, including rhinovirus, RSV, and the flu virus, have as their genetic material or produce when they infect cells and copy (replicate) themselves. (medlineplus.gov)
Deficiency of MDA5 protein activity reduces interferon production in response to RNA-containing viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
In most cases, the virus's genetic material, DNA, is enclosed within a protective protein shell called a capsid. (lu.se)
Inteins are self-splicing protein elements found in viruses and all three domains of life. (lu.se)

Proteins might have come second, and DNA last. (3quarksdaily.com)
DNA polymerases (the copying enzymes) in the various domains of life are in each case more closely related to viral proteins than to comparable proteins from the other domains of life. (3quarksdaily.com)
To engineer the proteins that make up our bodies, the cell starts by transcribing DNA into RNA. (singularityhub.com)
RNA is the biological global interpreter-it shuttles genetic information out of the nucleus, a peach-core-like castle that houses DNA, into a cellular 3D printer of sorts that churns DNA data into proteins. (singularityhub.com)
Alex Evilevitch and colleagues point out that the viruses responsible for influenza, AIDS and other infections that affect millions of people annually are quick to develop resistance to drugs that target viral proteins. (scienceblog.com)
The year 2022 was marked by the mpox outbreak caused by human monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is about 98 % identical to vaccinia virus (VACV) at the sequence level regarding the proteins involved in DNA replication. (biorxiv.org)
Novel interactions were also demonstrated between UL33 and the HSV-1 DNA packaging proteins UL6 and UL25. (gla.ac.uk)
It is therefore not yet possible to conclude whether the observed interactions of UL33 with these four proteins are essential for viral DNA packaging. (gla.ac.uk)
Vaccination with DNA encoding internal proteins of influenza virus does not require CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes: either CD4 + or CD8 + T cells can promote survival and recovery after challenge. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Modified M2 proteins produce heterotypic immunity against influenza A virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
The Anaeramoeba inteins reside in a wide range of proteins, only some of which correspond to intein-containing proteins in other eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses. (lu.se)

In recent years it has been discovered that components of cellular nuclear structures known as ND10 or PML nuclear bodies contribute to intrinsic resistance against a variety of viruses, notably of the herpesvirus family. (mdpi.com)
Herpesvirus family members are icosahedral DNA viruses. (medscape.com)

Tumor virus ribonucleic acid directed deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: nucleotide sequence at the 5' terminus of nascent deoxyribonucleic acid. (wikidata.org)

How about forgo cutting a gene altogether, instead searching and replacing our genomic code without severing both DNA strands? (singularityhub.com)
What's more, the DNA has a negative electrical charge, which makes the tangled up strands repel each other. (lu.se)
The interior of each nanoshell bears dangling strands of DNA that can be decorated with virus-binding molecules. (statnano.com)
The team used click chemistry to connect heparan sulfate derivatives to DNA strands that were complementary to the handles inside the shells. (statnano.com)
either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

In cooperation with the team of Prof. Ulrike Protzer, head of the Institute for Virology at TUM and director of the Institute for Virology at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, the team tested the virus traps on adeno-associated viruses and hepatitis B virus cores. (nanowerk.com)
and · antiviral therapy during pregnancy for the prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted via blood or sexual contact. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B Virus DNA, Quantitative, Real-Time PCR - Chronic carriers will persist in producing detectable HBV. (arcpointlab.net)

DNA viruses are ubiquitous worldwide, especially in marine environments where they form an important part of marine ecosystems, and infect both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
With no MCT1 on the surface, the virus had no way to infect the cell. (extremetech.com)
But it was a surprising find because most RNA viruses are not known for embedding themselves in the DNA of organisms they infect. (technologynetworks.com)
The researchers have now swapped the antibodies for derivatives of heparan sulfate, a chain of sugars found on mammalian cell surfaces that many viruses stick to before they infect cells. (statnano.com)
Instead, the virus hijacks the internal machinery of the infected cell to produce new virus particles, which are then released and spread to infect other cells. (lu.se)

An Epoch Times article cited an April study, which has not been peer-reviewed, that found part of a DNA sequence called an "SV40 promoter" in two expired Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine vials. (politifact.com)
Pfizer told PolitiFact that monkey DNA was not used in its vaccine. (politifact.com)
The study tested four expired vials of the Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines and found elements of the virus, including an "SV40 promoter" in the Pfizer vaccine vials. (politifact.com)
The part of the SV40 virus that can potentially cause cancer, known as the T-antigen, is not present in the COVID-19 vaccine, Buckhalts said. (politifact.com)
The resulting plasmid pcHEV23 was used as a DNA vaccine to inoculate BALB/c mice intramuscularly thrice at a dose of 100 or 200 μg. (wjgnet.com)
DNA vaccine containing HEV ORF2 and ORF3 chimeric gene can successfully induce specific humoral and cellular immune response in mice. (wjgnet.com)
This system for in ovo delivery was used to determine the efficacy of a plasmid DNA vaccine against IBDV in 18-day-old embryos. (umd.edu)
The DNA vaccine expresses the polyprotein VP2-VP4-VP3 of IBDV. (umd.edu)
The DNA vaccine had no detrimental effect on hatchability or first week post-hatch survival. (umd.edu)
Although there have been significant breakthroughs in the Ebola virus disease vaccine development field, there remains an important need for prophylactic anti-Ebola virus vaccine candidates that elicit long-lasting immune responses. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
A synthetic DNA vaccine may be a reasonable candidate because it is non-live, nonviral, and able to drive humoral and T-cell immunity along with establishing a long-term immunologic memory. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Therefore, this study designed a novel synthetic anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein DNA vaccine as a strategy to expand protective breadth against diverse Ebola virus strains and evaluated the impact of vaccine dosing and route of administration on protection against lethal Ebola virus-Makona challenge in nonhuman primates. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Results showed that multiple-injection regimens of the anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein DNA vaccine delivered by intramuscular administration followed by electroporation were 100% protective against the lethal Ebola virus-Makona challenge. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Of note, when the anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein DNA vaccine was by 2 injections delivered intradermally followed by electroporation, a strong immunogenicity was generated and was also 100% protective against the lethal Ebola virus-Makona challenge. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Further, although reports of long-term immunogenicity following DNA or other experimental vaccine administration are lacking, results showed that the anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein DNA vaccine induced long-term immune responses in the nonhuman primates. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
All vaccines induced an antibody response against M2e, and the M2eNP DNA vaccine additionally induced an influenza virus-specific lymphoproliferation response. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The other family members include herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 or HHV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2 or HHV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human herpes virus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. (medscape.com)

Eukaryotic ssDNA viruses are replicated in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, the means of handling and copying DNA vary quite a bit, with, for example, the major bacterial DNA processing enzymes lacking archaeal/eukaryotic homologs . (3quarksdaily.com)
Eukaryotic cells (like ours) are DNA-based, so one of the first things HERV-T did upon gaining access to a cell was turn its RNA into DNA , then it stuffed it into the cell's DNA to be duplicated. (extremetech.com)
The TWiVome reveal the first eukaryotic genes found in a bacteriophage of Wolbachia, and how DNA tumor virus oncogenes antagonize sensing of cytoplasmic DNA by the cell. (virology.ws)
These sequences are more typical of eukaryotic viruses, not phages," Bordenstein commented. (phys.org)

First, a transcription preinitiation complex binds to the DNA upstream of the site where transcription begins, allowing for the recruitment of a host RNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Originally found in small DNA fragments from marine life and the gut, the enzyme shared features with its siblings in that it readily binds to targeted DNA. (singularityhub.com)
Using antibodies has drawbacks, though: each antibody typically binds just one type of virus, and mutations can enable viruses to evade an antibody's clutches. (statnano.com)

dsDNA viruses can be subdivided between those that replicate in the cell nucleus, and as such are relatively dependent on host cell machinery for transcription and replication, and those that replicate in the cytoplasm, in which case they have evolved or acquired their own means of executing transcription and replication. (wikipedia.org)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)

Simian virus 40, or SV40, is a tumor-causing virus found in monkeys. (politifact.com)

An interdisciplinary research team at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has now developed a new approach: they engulf and neutralize viruses with nano-capsules tailored from genetic material using the DNA origami method. (nanowerk.com)
Now an interdisciplinary research team from the Technical University of Munich, the Helmholtz Zentrum München and the Brandeis University (USA) is proposing a novel strategy for the treatment of acute viral infections: The team has developed nanostructures made of DNA, the substance that makes up our genetic material, that can trap viruses and render them harmless ( Nature Materials , 'Programmable icosahedral shell system for virus trapping' ). (nanowerk.com)
But its DNA, its genetic material, is a strand that is about 17,000 nanometers long! (lu.se)
Another subset of viruses has DNA as their genetic material. (medlineplus.gov)
A research group at Lund University is working to understand the process by which the virus ejects its genetic material from the capsid and into cells and what causes the virus's DNA to be released. (lu.se)
Their genetic material is delicate, and difficult to image, and moreover, phage viruses are very small - approximately ten times smaller than a bacterial cell. (lu.se)

DNA viruses constitute two Baltimore groups: Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses, and Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The new ssDNA may be packaged into virions or replicated by a DNA polymerase to form a double-stranded form for transcription or continuation of the replication cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the Herpesviridae family. (medscape.com)

DNA as a genomic storage compound originated in viruses as a way of evading the defenses of ancient cells. (3quarksdaily.com)

Recent advances in medical science have allowed humans to combat viruses like never before, but a new study from researchers at Rockefeller University shows how our primate ancestors may have waged war on a virus with only the weapon of evolution. (extremetech.com)
Researchers at Medicinal Genomics , a Massachusetts-based company that sells DNA testing kits and other equipment for the cannabis industry, conducted the study, which has not been published in a peer-reviewed academic journal. (politifact.com)
Researchers unveiled a perplexing find: the Pandora viruses. (theancientzen.com)
When the researchers combined roughly equivalent numbers of nanoshells and human papilloma virus particles on a surface, they saw that the shells could capture more than 90% of the virus particles. (statnano.com)
In humans, it's likely that natural immune pathways would eventually break the nanoshells down, along with their virus cargo, the researchers say. (statnano.com)
Researchers have previously decorated nanoparticles with heparan sulfate derivatives to snag viruses, and Jackman says that it would be useful to compare their performance with that of the new nanoshells. (statnano.com)
The DNA of a virus once thought confined to the cells of algae may in fact invade the biological kingdom of mice and men, according to a new study from researchers at Johns Hopkins and UNL. (unl.edu)
The researchers, whose paper appeared Oct. 27 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , found DNA resembling that of an algae-native chlorovirus while taking throat swabs from healthy subjects during a study on cognitive functioning. (unl.edu)
Once subjects completed the original study's cognitive assessments, the researchers also discovered that those participants carrying DNA of the chlorovirus - Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1, or ATCV-1 - performed measurably worse than those without it on tests of visual processing and spatial orientation. (unl.edu)
Researchers filter out other components when they're identifying viruses, and chloroviruses are so big that they would've been caught in those filters. (unl.edu)
Researchers at Lund University, together with colleagues at the NIST Synchrotron Facility in the USA, have mapped on an atomic level what happens in a virus particle when the temperature is raised. (lu.se)

One component, guide RNA (gRNA) is the bloodhound that hunts down the target DNA sequence. (singularityhub.com)
Promoters" have long been used in molecular biology to drive gene transcription, the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. (politifact.com)
Promoters " are parts of DNA that drive gene transcription , the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. (politifact.com)
In this case, the "SV40 promoter" is a DNA sequence that was first identified in the SV40 virus. (politifact.com)
A DNA sequence of 7747 base pairs containing the repeat was determined and analysed. (gla.ac.uk)
The repeat contains a G + C-rich reiterated sequence, an A + T-rich sequence with the potential of forming a hairpin structure which may form part of an origin of DNA replication, and three open reading frames predicted to encode primary translation products with approximate molecular weights of 140 000, 30 000 and 20 000. (gla.ac.uk)
This involves folding a strand of lab-made DNA into a predetermined shape by using its genetic base sequence as a blueprint. (statnano.com)

She said viruses, including retroviruses, have many ways to replicate by infecting hosts. (technologynetworks.com)

DI-fusion Distribution of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA sequences. (ac.be)
In this case, a long strand of DNA locks together with hundreds of shorter DNA "staples" that have complementary sequences, building robust triangles. (statnano.com)
The author therefore used a modern "hybridization capture" approach to fish out sequences similar to those from currently known vertebrate viruses and then sequenced them using sophisticated high-throughput techniques. (omniaeducation.com)

Monkey DNA and the SV40 virus also are not listed among the ingredients in the COVID-19 vaccines that federal regulators have approved for use. (politifact.com)
The Epoch Times article claims an April study found "massive DNA contamination" in COVID-19 vaccines, including "monkey virus DNA. (politifact.com)
Monkey DNA and SV40 are not listed among the ingredients for the COVID-19 vaccines manufactured by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and Novavax, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (politifact.com)
Molecular biology experts also told PolitiFact there was no evidence of "monkey virus DNA" in the COVID-19 vaccines. (politifact.com)
However, McKernan said they did not find the whole SV40 virus in the vaccines. (politifact.com)
An in ovo delivery system for plasmid DNA vaccines was evaluated by studying parameters, such as the route of delivery (air cell vs amniotic cavity), transfection reagent (IFA+DMSO vs polyethylenimine), dose of plasmid DNA (1 to 100 µg/egg), and the nature of humoral immune responses. (umd.edu)
mRNA vaccines are not live virus vaccines and do not interfere with human DNA. (who.int)

To prevent the DNA particles from being immediately degraded in body fluids, the team irradiated the finished building blocks with UV light and treated the outside with polyethylene glycol and oligolysine. (nanowerk.com)
We use the cones exemplarily to engulf influenza A virus particles and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), chikungunya, and Zika virus-like particles. (isnsce.org)
Depending on the relative dimensions of cone to virus particles, multiple virus particles may be trapped per single cone, and multiple cones can also tile and adapt to the surface of aspherical virus particles. (isnsce.org)

None of the objects that we had built using DNA origami technology at that time would have been able to engulf a whole virus - they were simply too small," says Hendrik Dietz in retrospect. (nanowerk.com)
Here, we describe the design and assembly of a cone-shaped DNA origami higher-order assembly that can engulf and tile the surface of pleomorphic virus samples larger than 100 nm. (isnsce.org)
Using sugar chains as a 'virus glue' could help DNA origami structures become antiviral agents. (statnano.com)
The team, led by Hendrik Dietz, built the shells using a technique called DNA origami . (statnano.com)

Virus taxonomy: ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (cdc.gov)

Imported virus infections. (cdc.gov)
Nanowerk News ) To date, there are no effective antidotes against most virus infections. (nanowerk.com)
These infections are most frequently caused by rhinovirus (the virus that causes the common cold). (medlineplus.gov)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the influenza (flu) virus may also cause recurrent infections in affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
Infections usually become less frequent with age in people with MDA5 deficiency, as the body's immune system matures and develops other mechanisms for fighting viruses. (medlineplus.gov)

Ebola hemorrhagic fever associated with novel virus strain, Uganda, 2007-2008. (cdc.gov)
The anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein DNA vaccination was delivered in a multiple-injection regimen by intramuscular administration and in a 2-injection regimen by intradermal administration, followed by electroporation. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Nonhuman primates were challenged on day 20 postimmunization with 1000 50% tissue culture infective dose of Ebola virus/H.sapiens-tc/GIN/2014/Makona-C07. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
For many of the deadliest viruses such as Ebola we still don't know where they come from", says Prof Alex Greenwood, head of the Department of Wildlife Diseases. (omniaeducation.com)

Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

The functional importance of the interaction was confirmed by the finding that a pol mutant defective for UL42 binding retained polymerase activity, but did not synthesize longer DNA products in the presence of UL42. (ed.ac.uk)

Genetic detection and characterization of Lujo virus, a new hemorrhagic fever-associated arenavirus from southern Africa. (cdc.gov)
A triple-aptamer tetrahedral DNA nanostructures based carbon-nanotube-array transistor biosensor for rapid virus detection. (bvsalud.org)
Here, rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen using carbon - nanotube -array-based thin- film transistor (CNT-array-based TFT) biosensors merged with tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) and triple aptamers is demonstrated for the first time . (bvsalud.org)
The platform of CNT-array-based TFT biosensors combined with TDNs and triple aptamers provides a high-performance and rapid approach for SARS-CoV-2 detection , and its versatility by altering specific aptamers enables the possibility for rapid virus detection . (bvsalud.org)
The ASFV DNA Test Kit is intended for the rapid in vitro qualitative detection of African Swine Fever (ASF) viral DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR). (tetracore.com)
The ASFV PCR test is a real-time PCR method that utilizes two independent, specific sets of forward and reverse primers, an inhibition control and fluorogenic probe hydrolysis chemistry for the detection of ASF viral DNA in samples. (tetracore.com)

If they were to be lined with virus-binding molecules on the inside, they should be able to bind viruses tightly and thus be able to take them out of circulation. (nanowerk.com)

We investigated the clinical significance of plasma concentrations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (nih.gov)
A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantitation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in serum was developed. (manchester.ac.uk)
The authors of this research paper have identified the mechanism by which Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) triggers cancer development. (dnagenetics.info)

It's not uncommon for organisms to pick up a bit of nucleic acid here and there from viruses, but the nature of this gene suggests some interesting possibilities. (extremetech.com)
An international team of marine biologists has discovered the remnants of ancient RNA viruses embedded in the DNA of symbiotic organisms living inside reef-building corals. (technologynetworks.com)
He adds that it is now important to determine whether the nanoshells can actually sequester viruses in living organisms. (statnano.com)

The interaction between the two polypeptides is of interest both for the mechanism by which it enables the enzyme to synthesize long stretches of DNA processively and as a possible target for the rational design of novel antiviral drugs. (ed.ac.uk)
Few existing small-molecule drugs are active against multiple viruses, so these nanoshells might offer an alternative approach to developing broad-spectrum antiviral agents, says Alba Monferrer, part of the Technical University of Munich team that created the shells. (statnano.com)

This capability could be used to enhance ongoing efforts that use Wolbachia to fight dengue fever and Zika virus. (phys.org)
By using a shell of the appropriate size, these structures could bind viruses from a dozen different families, including dengue, polio, and SARS-CoV-2. (statnano.com)

The more we raised the temperature, the stiffer the virus's DNA became. (lu.se)
Can changes in the surrounding temperature affect the spread of the virus's DNA? (lu.se)

It turns out that Wolbachia prevents these viruses from reproducing in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that spread them. (phys.org)

A separate DNA molecule called a hairpin, because its two ends stick together to form a loop, latches on to the pathogen's DNA at one end and to the machine's section A at the other. (foresight.org)

It sounds complex, and it requires the presence of several enzymes, DNA building blocks, and other ingredients. (foresight.org)

3. Woolhouse ME, Adair K, Brierley L. RNA viruses: a case study of the biology of emerging infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)

Suppression of cellular immunity results in reactivation, spread, and severe illness in diseases caused by herpes viruses. (medscape.com)

Monkey virus" is not the same as monkeypox , or mpox, a virus that spreads primarily through physical contact with an infected person. (politifact.com)
We would have something in our drawer that we could use readily, before [a new virus] spreads massively. (statnano.com)

HSV is a DNA virus that commonly affects humans. (medscape.com)

Van Etten said ATCV-1 and other chloroviruses feature about 400 genes, roughly 40 times more than better-known viruses such as HIV and influenza. (unl.edu)

It was as if there was no DNA left in the virus particle - the stiffness disappeared," says Alex Evilevitch, a professor of cell biology at Lund University. (lu.se)
However, with the help of the synchrotron research facility NIST in Maryland, USA, and thanks to a special grant from the Swedish Research Council, we were ultimately able to use neutron light to image the structure of phage virus DNA and its density inside the capsid and see how these changed at different temperatures," explained Alex Evilevitch. (lu.se)

Lined on the inside with virus-binding molecules, nano shells made of DNA material bind viruses tightly and thus render them harmless. (nanowerk.com)
For this, however, the hollow bodies would also have to have sufficiently large openings through which viruses can get into the shells. (nanowerk.com)
Virus-enveloping macromolecular shells or tilings can prevent viruses from entering cells. (isnsce.org)

The Baltimore classification system is used to group viruses together based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis and is often used alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary history. (wikipedia.org)

Is the Subject Area "Vesicular stomatitis virus" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) usually causes vesicular rash of the oropharyngeal area or external genitalia. (medscape.com)

But in this case, "the portion of DNA related to the black widow spider toxin gene is intact and widespread in the phage," said Bordenstein. (phys.org)
Illustration of phage virus injecting its DNA into a cell. (lu.se)

In a new scientific investigation headed by the German Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (Leibniz-IZW), water from African and Mongolian waterholes as well as bloodmeals from Southeast Asian leeches were assessed for the ability to retrieve mammalian viruses without the need to find and catch the mammals. (omniaeducation.com)
We identified mammalian viruses from five different viral families in our leech samples and more than 50 % of the samples contained mammalian viruses. (omniaeducation.com)

Using biolayer interferometry we showed that indeed, the E9-D4 interaction is weak and transient although very important as it has not been possible to obtain viable viruses carrying mutations of key residues in the E9-D4 interface. (biorxiv.org)

Reverse transcription is accomplished using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which the virus carries with it inside its shell. (msdmanuals.com)

References were compiled for each virus, and the virus was assigned to pyramid level independently by 2 of the authors (L.B. and C.M.). The key references providing evidence of human transmissibility for the level 3 viruses (Table 2 in the text) are in the Technical Appendix Table. (cdc.gov)
The virus that causes those painful lip blisters known as cold sores has an internal pressure eight times higher than a car tire, and uses it to literally blast its infectious DNA into human cells, scientists are reporting in a new study. (scienceblog.com)
Genetic reassortment between avian and human influenza A viruses in Italian pigs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Some segments don't match any known human DNA, leading some to ponder if they could be remnants of extraterrestrial visitors from ancient times. (theancientzen.com)
The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the modes of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the workplace, an assessment of the risk of transmission under various assumptions, principles underlying the control of risk, and specific risk-control recommendations for employers and workers. (cdc.gov)
Information concerning the protection of workers against acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while performing job duties, the virus that causes AIDS, is presented here. (cdc.gov)

ssDNA RCR is initiated by an endonuclease that bonds to and cleaves the positive strand, allowing a DNA polymerase to use the negative strand as a template for replication. (wikipedia.org)
When CRISPR first burst onto the biotech scene, it rose to fame for its precise cutting prowess-break a target DNA strand, silence a gene. (singularityhub.com)
Single-strand RNA viruses are further divided into those with (+) sense and (-) sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)

Even before the new variant of the corona virus put the world on hold, Hendrik Dietz, Professor of Biomolecular Nanotechnology at the Physics Department of the Technical University of Munich, and his team were working on the construction of virus-sized objects that assemble themselves. (nanowerk.com)
Based on these geometric specifications, the team around Hendrik Dietz at the Technical University of Munich, supported by Seth Fraden and Michael Hagan from Brandeis University in the USA, developed a concept that made it possible to produce artificial hollow bodies the size of a virus. (nanowerk.com)
Even a simple half-shell of the right size shows a measurable reduction in virus activity," says Hendrik Dietz. (nanowerk.com)

While Baltimore classification is chiefly based on transcription of mRNA, viruses in each Baltimore group also typically share their manner of replication. (wikipedia.org)
ssDNA viruses have the same manner of transcription as dsDNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Transcription of DNA from the 70S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus. (wikidata.org)

They appear to have multiple origins, as viruses in Monodnaviria appear to have emerged from archaeal and bacterial plasmids on multiple occasions, though the origins of Duplodnaviria and Varidnaviria are less clear. (wikipedia.org)
Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)

These can then be used as virus traps. (nanowerk.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms137

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Genome33

Rolling circle repl1

Bacteria11

Genomes6

Infection16

Protein20

Proteins12

Herpesvirus2

Deoxyribonucleic acid1

Strands5

Hepatitis B vir4

Infect5

Vaccine16

Varicella-zoste1

Eukaryotic5

Binds3

Nucleus2

Tumor-causi1

Genetic material6

Double-stranded3

Genomic1

Researchers11

Sequence7

Replicate1

Sequences3

Vaccines7

Particles3

Origami4

International Committ1

Infections5

Ebola4

Retroviruses3

Polymerase activity1

Detection6

Lined with virus-binding m1

Epstein Barr3

Organisms3

Antiviral2

Dengue2

Virus's2

Wolbachia1

Molecule called1

Enzymes1

Infectious diseases1

Herpes viruses1

Spreads2

Humans1

Genes1

Evilevitch2

Shells3

Synthesis1

Vesicular2

Phage2

Mammalian2

Mutations1

Enzyme1

Human6

Strand3

Hendrik Dietz3

Transcription3

Bacterial2

Traps1