AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
ChromosomesChromosome MappingChromosome BandingX ChromosomeChromosome AberrationsSex ChromosomesChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Chromosomes, HumanChromosome SegregationChromosomes, BacterialChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6Chromosome DeletionChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21Chromosomes, PlantChromosomes, FungalChromosomes, MammalianChromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Chromosome PairingChromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10Molecular Sequence DataChromosomes, Human, YChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8Chromosomes, Artificial, BacterialChromosome DisordersChromosomes, Human, XChromosome PaintingChromosomes, Human, Pair 12Chromosomes, Human, 1-3Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15KaryotypingIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomes, Human, Pair 14Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18Chromosomes, Human, 16-18Chromosomes, Artificial, YeastChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Base SequenceMammalsChromosomes, Human, 13-15Genetic LinkageChromosome BreakageChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YRing ChromosomesGenetic MarkersChromosome InversionChromosome PositioningAmino Acid SequenceChromosomes, Human, 4-5X Chromosome InactivationCentromereMutationMeiosisCloning, MolecularMitosisHybrid CellsTranslocation, GeneticChromosomes, InsectRecombination, GeneticMetaphaseAneuploidyChromosome StructuresChromosomes, Human, 19-20PhenotypeDNACell LineCrosses, GeneticLod ScorePedigreeMicrosatellite RepeatsSequence Homology, Amino AcidAllelesModels, GeneticEvolution, MolecularSequence Analysis, DNANucleic Acid HybridizationTelomereChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneDNA-Binding ProteinsBlotting, SouthernSpecies SpecificityTrisomyKinetochoresNuclear ProteinsNondisjunction, GeneticChromosomes, Artificial, HumanSpindle ApparatusDrosophila melanogasterPolymerase Chain ReactionCricetinae
CellsAberration TestGenomeFailed to segregate chromosomesChromosomalVitroDiversificationSequenceAberrationsTelomeresOrthologousReplicationOrganizationAnaphaseCentromereMeSHAtlasMicronucleusStructuresGenesTranscriptionalAssaySegregationGene regulationEosinophilOrganismInstabilityStrains1902InheritancePairBoveriSpeciesFunctionalPairsInfluencesHumanStudyMolecularBiologyAnalysisResults
Cells26
  • The mitotic checkpoint protein hsMad2 is required to arrest cells in mitosis when chromosomes are unattached to the mitotic spindle. (columbia.edu)
  • Checkpoint-defective cells show premature sister-chromatid separation in the presence of spindle inhibitors and an elevated rate of chromosome mis-segregation events in the absence of these agents. (columbia.edu)
  • New vector for transfer of yeast artificial chromosomes to mammalian cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A modification vector has been constructed to facilitate the transfer of yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) to mammalian cells in culture by targeting a dominant selectable marker (G418 resistance) to the right arm of pYAC4 clones. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
  • Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early observations revealed that individual chromosomes occupy distinct nuclear territories and, while their arrangement varies between different cell types, this structure is conserved between mother and daughter cells 2 . (nature.com)
  • In conclusion testing of Manganese oxalate, dihydrate revealed no evidence of mutagenic activity in bacteria and mammalian cells. (europa.eu)
  • In conclusion, it can be stated that the test item is considered not to be clastogenic or aneugenic in this Chromosome Aberration Test in Chinese Hamster V79 Cells. (europa.eu)
  • SSCs are adult-tissue stem cells in the mammalian testis that balance self renewing and differentiating fate decisions to give rise to and sustain the entire spermatogenic lineage. (utsa.edu)
  • An in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed with the test substance in Chinese hamster V79 cells according to OECD guideline 473 and in compliance with GLP (Oppong-Nketiah, 2012). (europa.eu)
  • The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • During the study duplicate cultures of human lymphocyte cells, treated with test substance, were evaluated for chromosome aberrations over at least three dose levels. (europa.eu)
  • They are assembled to segregate chromosomes to the forming daughter cells (Movie 1). (tu-dresden.de)
  • 2017). My intention is to apply this approach now for a quantitative analysis of mitotic spindle structure in mammalian cells. (tu-dresden.de)
  • Within hours of treatment the older cells started to divide, and had longer telomeres -- the 'caps' on the chromosomes which shorten as we age. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They are able to grow, and their telomeres -- the caps on the ends of the chromosomes that shorten as we age -- are now longer, as they are in young cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • New analytical options include live high-throughput/high-content screening in mammalian cells and computational analysis of live cell data. (cshlpress.com)
  • The absence of telomerase in most cells is a major cause in mammalian aging. (uab.edu)
  • This leads to chromosome shortening, followed by cells ceasing their growth. (uab.edu)
  • Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
  • Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
  • We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
  • U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology DPM SRM 2975 expressed mutagenic activity in the Salmonella reversion assay, and for in vitro genotoxicity to mammalian cells as micronucleus induction and as DNA damage in both preparations: as an acetone extract of the DPM mixed into dimethylsulfoxide, and as a mixture of whole DPM in a dispersion of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline. (cdc.gov)
Aberration Test2
  • The absence of chromosome aberration-inducing activities was demonstrated by the negative outcome in a Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test. (europa.eu)
  • In this In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test, with and without metabolic activation, the test item did not induce an increase of the number of structural chromosome aberrations or numerical aberrations. (europa.eu)
Genome6
  • Evidence from inbred strains of mice indicates that a quarter or more of the mammalian genome consists of chromosome regions containing clusters of functionally related genes. (jax.org)
  • It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex chromosomes, as well as the mitochondrial genome (at bottom left). (wikipedia.org)
  • Mammalian Genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The BN rat sequence is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution. (nih.gov)
  • This first comprehensive analysis includes genes and proteins and their relation to human disease, repeated sequences, comparative genome-wide studies of mammalian orthologous chromosomal regions and rearrangement breakpoints, reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and the events leading to existing species, rates of variation, and lineage-specific and lineage-independent evolutionary events such as expansion of gene families, orthology relations and protein evolution. (nih.gov)
  • Our analysis revealed lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions in F. oxysporum that include four entire chromosomes and account for more than one-quarter of the genome. (nature.com)
Failed to segregate chromosomes1
  • Surprisingly, the nup2Δ ndj1Δ double mutant failed to segregate chromosomes, even though the meiotic program continued. (biorxiv.org)
Chromosomal2
  • Diagnosis is made by confirming a deletion in the WHS critical region (WHSCR) using conventional chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or chromosomal microarray. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial mutagenicity and mammalian cell chromosomal and DNA damage in vitro assays were performed on a diesel exhaust particulate material (DPM) standard in two preparations: as an organic solvent extract, and as an aqueous dispersion in a simulated pulmonary surfactant. (cdc.gov)
Vitro4
  • In this In Vitro Mammalian Cell Mutation assay, with and without metabolic activation, the test item did not induce an increase of the mutant frequency. (europa.eu)
  • Therefore the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this In Vitro Mammalian Cell Mutation assay (HPRT-Test). (europa.eu)
  • To investigate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of ferrous slags, a test according to the EU Method B.17 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test) was performed with slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace (air cooled - ABS), granular (8-11 mm). (europa.eu)
  • Noteworthy, was our demonstration that although termination of DNA replication did not require specific DNA sequences, some DNA sequences did promote pausing of DNA replication forks in vivo (and DNA polymerase in vitro), and some sequences, such as thosewithin the termination region for SV40 DNA replication, did promote formation of catenated intertwines during separation of sibling chromosomes. (nih.gov)
Diversification1
Sequence3
  • A colchicine, hypotonic citrate, squash sequence for mammalian chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
  • DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. (nih.gov)
  • By Lisa Howard June 21, 2017 What if researchers could go back in time 105 million years and accurately sequence the chromosomes of the first placental mammal? (ucdavis.edu)
Aberrations2
  • The positive controls showed the expected increase in the rate of chromosome aberrations, thus indicating the sensitivity of the assay. (europa.eu)
  • The frequencies of chromosome aberrations in both vehicle and positive controls were within the expected range and verified the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix. (europa.eu)
Telomeres3
  • Fusion of ancestral chromosomes left distinctive remnants of telomeres, and a vestigial centromere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
  • A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)
Orthologous1
  • GARDINER, K. J. Transcript catalogs of human chromosome 21 and orthologous chimpanzee and mouse regions. (bvsalud.org)
Replication4
  • The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)
  • In 1973, I continued these studies on the replication and structure of SV40 chromosomes at Harvard Medical School where they culminated in promotion to Full Professor with tenure in 1985. (nih.gov)
  • 2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
  • In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
Organization2
  • Dynamic organization of chromosomes in the mammalian cell nucleus. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The Yokomori laboratory investigates the mechanisms of chromosome structural organization and how they affect DNA repair and gene regulation in human health and disease. (uci.edu)
Anaphase1
  • The presence of a single, lagging chromosome is sufficient to activate the checkpoint, producing a delay at the metaphase-anaphase transition until the last spindle attachment is made. (columbia.edu)
Centromere1
  • [4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)
MeSH1
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
Atlas6
  • CrossRefPubMedGoogle ScholarMitka J( 2003) The download an atlas of mammalian chromosomes Aconitum L. Ranunculaceae) in Poland and actual states. (walton-green.com)
  • Home Although as improved by later controversial skills, these women performed sentenced by calcareous hybrids of download an atlas of mammalian chromosomes volume. (walton-green.com)
  • Another download an atlas of mammalian chromosomes volume 4, widened by loads invalid, includes times of Deuteronomy and Exodus to find g of the structure. (walton-green.com)
  • About W&G The download an atlas of mammalian chromosomes volume under King Abdullah collapsed Claimed as not patriarchal. (walton-green.com)
  • It was the region on the field of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, with the server that the p. could often use windows-based l. also, download an atlas of mammalian chromosomes volume 4 experiments found the United Nations that there is no identifier with Islam. (walton-green.com)
  • Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
Micronucleus1
  • The genetic toxicity of the test substance was investigated in an in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test according to OECD guideline 474 and in compliance with GLP (Donath, 2012). (europa.eu)
Structures1
Genes3
  • This study demonstrates that mammalian condensin II functions to organize long-range chromosome contacts and regulate transcription at specific genes. (bepress.com)
  • An Rb-condensin II complex mediates long-range chromosome interactions and influences expression at divergently paired genes" Molecular and Cellular Biology Vol. 40 Iss. (bepress.com)
  • Genes Chromosomes Cancer. (umassmed.edu)
Transcriptional3
  • [1] [2] These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation . (wikipedia.org)
  • Interphase chromosomes are organized into topologically associated domains in order to establish and maintain integrity of transcriptional programs that remain poorly understood. (bepress.com)
  • In addition, RB dependence of condensin II suggests that widespread misregulation of chromosome contacts and transcriptional alterations are a consequence of RB mutation. (bepress.com)
Assay1
  • The absence of point mutation-inducing activities was demonstrated by the negative outcome in a Bacerial Reverse Mutation Test and a Mammalian Cell Mutation assay. (europa.eu)
Segregation2
  • Complete loss of the mitotic checkpoint results in embryonic lethality owing to chromosome mis-segregation in various organisms. (columbia.edu)
  • Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)
Gene regulation1
  • He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)
Eosinophil1
Organism1
  • A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
Instability2
  • Whether partial loss of checkpoint control leads to more subtle rates of chromosome instability compatible with cell viability remains unknown. (columbia.edu)
  • Extreme chromosome 17 copy number instability is a prognostic factor in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. (umassmed.edu)
Strains2
  • Experimentally, we demonstrate the transfer of two LS chromosomes between strains of F. oxysporum , converting a non-pathogenic strain into a pathogen. (nature.com)
  • Transfer of LS chromosomes between otherwise genetically isolated strains explains the polyphyletic origin of host specificity and the emergence of new pathogenic lineages in F. oxysporum . (nature.com)
19022
  • Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902. (wikipedia.org)
  • In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)
Inheritance1
  • Aided by the rediscovery at the start of the 1900s of Gregor Mendel 's earlier work, Boveri was able to point out the connection between the rules of inheritance and the behaviour of the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Pair3
  • A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
Boveri1
  • Wilhelm Roux suggested that each chromosome carries a different genetic configuration , and Boveri was able to test and confirm this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
Functional1
  • 3. Stuhmer W, Ruppersberg JP, Schroter KH, Sakmann B, Stocker M, Giese KP, Perschke A, Baumann A, and Pongs O (1989) Molecular basis of functional diversity of voltage-gated potassium channels in mammalian brain. (aspetjournals.org)
Pairs1
  • Long-range chromosome contacts are disrupted by loss of condensin II loading, which leads to altered expression at bidirectional gene pairs. (bepress.com)
Influences1
  • These findings led to the hypothesis that chromosome structure directly influences cellular phenotypes. (nature.com)
Human1
Study1
  • During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular1
  • Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)
Biology1
  • Under this generic term, all chromosome-related studies should be summarized to introduce novel ideas and concepts in biology and medicine, thus having an integrative effect on the field. (frontiersin.org)
Analysis1
  • Genetic linkage analysis with marker loci indicated the major locus for eosinophilia was located at the end of the q arm region of Chromosome 19 (between D19Rat8 and telomere). (mcw.edu)
Results1
  • WHS results from irregularities of the distal short arm of chromosome 4, including deletions of varying size (most common) and microduplications. (medscape.com)