An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.
Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, L-glutamate, and NH3 to ADP, orthophosphate, and L-glutamine. It also acts more slowly on 4-methylene-L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.3.1.2.
Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.
Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality.
Individuals responsible for fabrication of dental appliances.
A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Computer-based systems for input, storage, display, retrieval, and printing of information contained in a patient's medical record.
The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.
Assistants to a veterinarian, biological or biomedical researcher, or other scientist who are engaged in the care and management of animals, and who are trained in basic principles of animal life processes and routine laboratory and animal health care procedures. (Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)
Paramedical personnel trained to provide basic emergency care and life support under the supervision of physicians and/or nurses. These services may be carried out at the site of the emergency, in the ambulance, or in a health care institution.
Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.
Oil from soybean or soybean plant.
Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.
FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.
An abnormal lipoprotein present in large amounts in patients with obstructive liver diseases such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS. LP-X derives from the reflux of BILE lipoproteins into the bloodstream. LP-X is a low-density lipoprotein rich in free CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS but poor in TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; and protein.
An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.
Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

Involvement of polyomavirus enhancer activator 3 in the regulation of expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase messenger ribonucleic acid-IV in the rat epididymis. (1/1552)

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) mRNA-IV and polyomavirus enhancer activator 3 (PEA3) mRNA are highly expressed in the initial segment of the rat epididymis, and both are regulated by testicular factors. PEA3 protein in rat initial segment nuclear extracts has been shown to bind to a PEA3/Ets binding motif, which is derived from the partially characterized GGT mRNA-IV promoter region. This suggests that PEA3 may be involved in regulating transcription from the rat GGT mRNA-IV gene promoter in the initial segment. Using DNA oligonucleotide primers and DNA sequencing analysis, an approximately 1500-basepair (bp) DNA sequence at the 5' region of the promoter was obtained. Using transient transfection, PEA3 activated transcription of the rat GGT mRNA-IV promoter only in cultured epididymal cells from the rat initial segment, but not in Cos-1 or NRK-52E cells. Promoter deletion analysis indicated that a PEA3/Ets binding motif between nucleotides -22 and -17 is the functional site for PEA3 to activate transcription of GGT promoter IV and that an adjacent Sp1 binding motif is also required to maintain promoter IV activity in epididymal cells. Transcriptional activation of promoter IV was shown to be epididymal cell-specific and PEA3-specific. In addition, PEA3 may act as a weak repressor for transcription of promoter IV, probably using a PEA3/Ets binding motif(s) distal to the transcription start site. A model of how PEA3 is involved in the regulation of transcription of GGT promoter IV in epididymal cells is proposed.  (+info)

Immunohistochemical localization of 5-oxo-L-prolinase, an enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, in porcine brain microvessels. (2/1552)

The immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of 5-oxo-L-prolinase in porcine brain at the light microscopic level was performed with an antibody raised against the enzyme purified from pig kidney. The present study reveals the specific expression of 5-oxo-L-prolinase in brain capillaries with an average diameter of 4.1+/-0.9 microm, while larger blood vessels remain unstained. Porcine kidney and skeletal muscle show no endothelial-specific staining with the antibody. In some cases, the asymmetrical staining pattern in cross and longitudinal sections of brain microvessels indicate endothelial- but also pericyte-specific expression.  (+info)

Inhibition of the hydrolytic and transpeptidase activities of rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by specific monoclonal antibodies. (3/1552)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the native form of rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were isolated by screening hybridomas with rat kidney brush-border membrane vesicles. They were directed against protein rather than sugar epitopes in that each recognized all GGT isoforms. All of them inhibited partially the enzyme activity of GGT. They were specific in that they inhibited the rat enzyme, but not the mouse or human enzyme. Kinetic analyses were carried out with free GGT and GGT-mAb complexes with d-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide in the presence or absence of maleate, or in the presence or absence of alanine, cysteine, cystine or glycylglycine as gamma-glutamyl acceptors. mAbs 2A10 and 2E9 inhibited the hydrolytic and glutaminase activities of GGT and had little effect on the transpeptidation activity of the enzyme, whereas mAbs 4D7 and 5F10 inhibited transpeptidation, but not hydrolytic or glutaminase activities. mAb 5F10 mimicked the effect of maleate on GGT, in that it inhibited transpeptidation, enhanced the glutaminase activity and increased the affinity of the donor site of GGT for acivicin. Such mAbs may be useful for long-term studies in tissue cultures and in vivo, and for the identification of GGT epitopes that are important for the hydrolytic and transpeptidase activities.  (+info)

Fatty liver--an additional and treatable feature of the insulin resistance syndrome. (4/1552)

To test the hypothesis that fatty liver coexists with other metabolic abnormalities of the insulin resistance syndrome, and responds to their amelioration, we prospectively studied 48 consecutive patients with chronically elevated liver enzymes and clinical, ultrasound and histological findings consistent with fatty infiltration of the liver. Most of the patients were overweight or obese (64%) with increased waist circumference which closely relates to visceral fat. Only 10% of the patients had normal glucose tolerance: 44% had diabetes mellitus, 29% impaired glucose tolerance, and 17% were hyperinsulinaemic. The most common dyslipidaemia found was hypertriglyceridaemia and/or low HDL-C (86%). Dietary intervention and follow-up (median 24 months), supplemented by oral hypoglycaemic or lipid-lowering drugs as needed, resulted not only in weight loss (mean 3.7 kg), decreased fasting blood glucose (p < 0.005) and improvement in serum lipid profile (p < 0.02 for both triglycerides or HDL-C) but also in an improvement of serum liver enzymes in 96%, which became normal in more than half of the patients. Thus, fatty liver was strongly associated with many features of the insulin resistance syndrome, and follow-up revealed a high potential for reversibility and a benign course.  (+info)

Metabolism of aminoacyl-p-nitroanilides by rat mammary tissue. (5/1552)

We have examined the metabolism of aminoacyl-p-nitroanilides by rat mammary tissue isolated from rats during late pregnancy, peak lactation and late lactation. The rate of hydrolysis depended upon the chemical nature of the aminoacyl-p-nitroanilide compound and the physiological state of the donor animals. Thus, mammary tissue isolated from rats during late pregnancy and peak lactation hydrolysed aminoacyl-p-nitroanilides in the order L-met-p-nitroanilide=L-leu-p-nitroanilide>L-lys-p-nitroanilide>gamma- glu-p-nitroanilide. The order of activity was the same for mammary tissue taken from rats during late lactation except that L-lys-p-nitroanilide was hydrolysed at the same rate as the neutral aminoacyl-p-nitroanilides. Mammary tissue from peak lactating rats also hydrolysed alpha-L-glu-p-nitroanilide and alpha-L-asp-p-nitroanilide but to a lesser extent than the other compounds tested. The anionic aminoacyl-p-nitroanilides were able to trans-stimulate D-aspartate efflux from mammary tissue explants and the perfused mammary gland via the high-affinity anionic amino acid carrier. The clearance of gly-L-phe by the perfused mammary gland was markedly inhibited by L-phe. The results suggest that mammary tissue expresses a variety of dipeptidases at the basolateral aspect of the mammary epithelium which are capable of hydrolysing peptides extracellularly. These enzymes may be important for providing amino acids for milk protein synthesis and/or inactivating signal peptides.  (+info)

The induction of GSH synthesis by nanomolar concentrations of NO in endothelial cells: a role for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. (6/1552)

Nitric oxide protects cells from oxidative stress through a number of direct scavenging reactions with free radicals but the effects of nitric oxide on the regulation of antioxidant enzymes are only now emerging. Using bovine aortic endothelial cells as a model, we show that nitric oxide, at physiological rates of production (1-3 nM/s), is capable of inducing the synthesis of glutathione through a mechanism involving gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. This novel nitric oxide signalling pathway is cGMP-independent and we hypothesize that it makes an important contribution to the anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidant properties of nitric oxide.  (+info)

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase accelerates tumor growth and increases the resistance of tumors to cisplatin in vivo. (7/1552)

We have shown previously that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity is essential for the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin. In this study we asked whether GGT activity was necessary for the antitumor activity of cisplatin. GGT was transfected into PC3 cells, a human prostate tumor cell line. Two independent GGT-positive cell lines were isolated and characterized. GGT cleaves extracellular glutathione providing the cells with access to additional cysteine. Expression of GGT had no effect on the growth rate of the cells in vitro where the culture medium contains high levels of cysteine. However, when the cells were injected into nude mice the GGT-positive tumors grew at more than twice the rate of the GGT-negative tumors. Weekly treatment with cisplatin was toxic to both GGT-positive and -negative tumors. The GGT-positive tumors were significantly more resistant to the toxicity of cisplatin than the GGT-negative tumors. Therefore, expression of GGT is required for the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin, but diminishes the tumor toxicity of the drug. These results indicate that the nephrotoxicity and the tumor toxicity of cisplatin are via two distinct pathways.  (+info)

Nordihydroguairetic acid is a potent inhibitor of ferric-nitrilotriacetate-mediated hepatic and renal toxicity, and renal tumour promotion, in mice. (8/1552)

Ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a known renal carcinogen. In the present study, we report the effect of a potent lignin-derived herbal antioxidant, nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), against Fe-NTA-mediated tissue toxicity. Fe-NTA (alone) treatment of mice enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity to 259% in liver and 341% in kidney and increases [3H]thymidine incorporation in DNA to 250% in liver and 324% in kidney compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls. The enhanced ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis showed a reduction to 138 and 123%, respectively, in liver at a higher dose of 2 mg NDGA/day/animal whereas in kidney the reduction was to 118 and 102%, respectively, compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls. In the Fe-NTA (alone)-treated group, a 12% renal tumour incidence was recorded whereas, in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated and Fe-NTA-promoted animals, the percentage tumour incidence was increased to 68% as compared with untreated controls. No tumour incidence was recorded in the DEN-initiated, non-promoted group. The administration of NDGA, afforded >80% protection against DEN- and Fe-NTA-mediated renal tissue injury in vivo. Fe-NTA treatment also enhanced hepatic and renal microsomal lipid peroxidation to 170 and 205% of saline-treated controls, respectively, and hydrogen peroxide generation by >2.5-fold in both tissues accompanied by a 51 and 21% decrease in the level of glutathione and 35-48 and 35-50% decrease in the activities of glutathione-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney, respectively. These changes were reversed significantly in animals receiving a pre-treatment of NDGA. Our data show that NDGA can abrogate the toxic and tumour-promoting effects of Fe-NTA in liver and kidney of mice and can serve as a potent chemopreventive agent to suppress oxidant-induced tissue injury and tumorigenesis.  (+info)

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), also known as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, is an enzyme found in many tissues, including the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas. GGT is involved in the metabolism of certain amino acids and plays a role in the detoxification of various substances in the body.

GGT is often measured as a part of a panel of tests used to evaluate liver function. Elevated levels of GGT in the blood may indicate liver disease or injury, bile duct obstruction, or alcohol consumption. However, it's important to note that several other factors can also affect GGT levels, so abnormal results should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and diagnostic tests.

Hydroxylamines are organic compounds that contain a hydroxy group (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2) in their structure. More specifically, they have the functional group R-N-OH, where R represents a carbon-containing radical. Hydroxylamines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia (NH3), where one hydrogen atom is replaced by a hydroxy group.

These compounds are important in organic chemistry and biochemistry due to their ability to act as reducing agents, nitrogen donors, and intermediates in various chemical reactions. They can be found in some natural substances and are also synthesized for use in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other industrial applications.

Examples of hydroxylamines include:

* Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) itself, which is a colorless liquid at room temperature with an odor similar to ammonia.
* N-Methylhydroxylamine (CH3NHOH), which is a solid that can be used as a reducing agent and a nucleophile in organic synthesis.
* Phenylhydroxylamine (C6H5NHOH), which is a solid used as an intermediate in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals.

It's important to note that hydroxylamines can be unstable and potentially hazardous, so they should be handled with care during laboratory work or industrial processes.

Glutamate-ammonia ligase, also known as glutamine synthetase, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism. It catalyzes the formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in the presence of ATP, resulting in the conversion of ammonia to a less toxic form. This reaction is essential for maintaining nitrogen balance in the body and for the synthesis of various amino acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules. The enzyme is widely distributed in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and muscle, and its activity is tightly regulated through feedback inhibition by glutamine and other metabolites.

Acyltransferases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an acyl group (a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydrogen atom) from one molecule to another. This transfer involves the formation of an ester bond between the acyl group donor and the acyl group acceptor.

Acyltransferases play important roles in various biological processes, including the biosynthesis of lipids, fatty acids, and other metabolites. They are also involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics (foreign substances) by catalyzing the addition of an acyl group to these compounds, making them more water-soluble and easier to excrete from the body.

Examples of acyltransferases include serine palmitoyltransferase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of sphingolipids, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which facilitates the transfer of cholesteryl esters between lipoproteins.

Acyltransferases are classified based on the type of acyl group they transfer and the nature of the acyl group donor and acceptor molecules. They can be further categorized into subclasses based on their sequence similarities, three-dimensional structures, and evolutionary relationships.

A physical examination is a methodical and systematic process of evaluating a patient's overall health status. It involves inspecting, palpating, percussing, and auscultating different parts of the body to detect any abnormalities or medical conditions. The primary purpose of a physical examination is to gather information about the patient's health, identify potential health risks, diagnose medical conditions, and develop an appropriate plan for prevention, treatment, or further evaluation.

During a physical examination, a healthcare provider may assess various aspects of a patient's health, including their vital signs (such as blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and respiratory rate), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and overall appearance. They may also examine different organ systems, such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, musculoskeletal, and genitourinary systems, to identify any signs of disease or abnormalities.

Physical examinations are an essential part of preventive healthcare and are typically performed during routine check-ups, annual physicals, and when patients present with symptoms or concerns about their health. The specific components of a physical examination may vary depending on the patient's age, sex, medical history, and presenting symptoms.

A dental technician is a healthcare professional who designs, fabricates, and repairs custom-made dental devices, such as dentures, crowns, bridges, orthodontic appliances, and implant restorations. They work closely with dentists and other oral health professionals to meet the individual needs of each patient. Dental technicians typically have an associate's degree or certificate in dental technology and may be certified by a professional organization. Their work requires a strong understanding of dental materials, fabrication techniques, and the latest advances in dental technology.

"Quality control" is a term that is used in many industries, including healthcare and medicine, to describe the systematic process of ensuring that products or services meet certain standards and regulations. In the context of healthcare, quality control often refers to the measures taken to ensure that the care provided to patients is safe, effective, and consistent. This can include processes such as:

1. Implementing standardized protocols and guidelines for care
2. Training and educating staff to follow these protocols
3. Regularly monitoring and evaluating the outcomes of care
4. Making improvements to processes and systems based on data and feedback
5. Ensuring that equipment and supplies are maintained and functioning properly
6. Implementing systems for reporting and addressing safety concerns or errors.

The goal of quality control in healthcare is to provide high-quality, patient-centered care that meets the needs and expectations of patients, while also protecting their safety and well-being.

A Computerized Medical Record System (CMRS) is a digital version of a patient's paper chart. It contains all of the patient's medical history from multiple providers and can be shared securely between healthcare professionals. A CMRS includes a range of data such as demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, and radiology reports. The system facilitates the storage, retrieval, and exchange of this information in an efficient manner, and can also provide decision support, alerts, reminders, and tools for performing data analysis and creating reports. It is designed to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of healthcare delivery by providing accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive information about patients at the point of care.

A User-Computer Interface (also known as Human-Computer Interaction) refers to the point at which a person (user) interacts with a computer system. This can include both hardware and software components, such as keyboards, mice, touchscreens, and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). The design of the user-computer interface is crucial in determining the usability and accessibility of a computer system for the user. A well-designed interface should be intuitive, efficient, and easy to use, minimizing the cognitive load on the user and allowing them to effectively accomplish their tasks.

An Animal Technician, also known as a Laboratory Animal Technician, is a professional who cares for and handles animals in a research or testing facility. They are responsible for ensuring the welfare and well-being of the animals, which includes providing them with proper housing, feeding, and medical care. They also assist researchers and veterinarians with procedures and experiments involving animals, and help to maintain accurate records of animal health and behavior.

Animal Technicians must have a strong understanding of animal biology, husbandry, and ethology, as well as knowledge of relevant regulations and guidelines governing the use of animals in research. They may work with a variety of species, including rodents, dogs, cats, non-human primates, and farm animals.

In addition to their technical skills, Animal Technicians must also have excellent observational and communication skills, as they are often responsible for monitoring animal behavior and reporting any changes or concerns to researchers or veterinarians. They must be able to work independently and as part of a team, and may need to work flexible hours, including evenings and weekends, to meet the needs of the animals in their care.

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) are healthcare professionals who provide emergency medical services to critically ill or injured individuals. They are trained to assess a patient's condition, manage respiratory, cardiac, and trauma emergencies, and administer basic life support care. EMTs may also perform emergency procedures such as spinal immobilization, automated external defibrillation, and administer medications under certain circumstances.

EMTs typically work in ambulances, fire departments, hospitals, and other emergency medical settings. They must be able to work in high-stress situations, make quick decisions, and communicate effectively with other healthcare providers. EMTs are required to obtain certification and maintain continuing education to ensure they are up-to-date on the latest practices and protocols in emergency medicine.

Fat emulsions for intravenous use are a type of parenteral nutrition solution that contain fat in the form of triglycerides, which are broken down and absorbed into the body to provide a source of energy and essential fatty acids. These emulsions are typically used in patients who are unable to consume food orally or enterally, such as those with gastrointestinal tract disorders, malabsorption syndromes, or severe injuries.

The fat emulsion is usually combined with other nutrients, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, to create a complete parenteral nutrition solution that meets the patient's nutritional needs. The emulsion is administered through a vein using a sterile technique to prevent infection.

Fat emulsions are typically made from soybean oil or a mixture of soybean and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oils. MCTs are more easily absorbed than long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), which are found in soybean oil, and may be used in patients with malabsorption syndromes or other conditions that affect fat absorption.

It is important to monitor patients receiving intravenous fat emulsions for signs of complications such as infection, hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of fats in the blood), and liver function abnormalities.

Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max). It is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and is also used in a variety of food and non-food applications.

Medically, soybean oil is sometimes used as a vehicle for administering certain medications, particularly those that are intended to be absorbed through the skin. It is also used as a dietary supplement and has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

However, it's important to note that soybean oil is high in omega-6 fatty acids, which can contribute to inflammation when consumed in excess. Therefore, it should be used in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

An emulsion is a type of stable mixture of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, which are normally unable to mix together uniformly. In an emulsion, one liquid (the dispersed phase) is broken down into small droplets and distributed throughout the other liquid (the continuous phase), creating a stable, cloudy mixture.

In medical terms, emulsions can be used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. For example, certain medications may be formulated as oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions to improve their absorption, stability, or palatability. Similarly, some skincare products and makeup removers contain emulsifiers that help create stable mixtures of water and oils, allowing for effective cleansing and moisturizing.

Emulsions can also occur naturally in the body, such as in the digestion of fats. The bile salts produced by the liver help to form small droplets of dietary lipids (oil) within the watery environment of the small intestine, allowing for efficient absorption and metabolism of these nutrients.

Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), also known as free fatty acids (FFA), refer to fatty acid molecules that are not bound to glycerol in the form of triglycerides or other esters. In the bloodstream, NEFAs are transported while bound to albumin and can serve as a source of energy for peripheral tissues. Under normal physiological conditions, NEFA levels are tightly regulated by the body; however, elevated NEFA levels have been associated with various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Lipoprotein-X (Lp-X) is a type of lipoprotein that is typically found in the blood under certain pathological conditions. Unlike other lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Lp-X does not contain apolipoproteins and is not associated with cholesterol transport. Instead, Lp-X is rich in free cholesterol and phospholipids, and it can be formed when there is an increase in the concentration of these lipids in the blood due to the breakdown of cell membranes or other lipoproteins.

Lp-X is often found in the blood of patients with liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, as well as in those with severe malnutrition or who have experienced massive trauma. It can also be present in the blood of pregnant women, particularly those with preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome.

Because Lp-X lacks apolipoproteins, it is not recognized by the liver and cannot be cleared from the blood efficiently. As a result, high levels of Lp-X can contribute to the development of fatty liver disease, inflammation, and other complications associated with liver dysfunction.

Propofol is a short-acting medication that is primarily used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia during procedures such as surgery. It belongs to a class of drugs called hypnotics or sedatives, which work by depressing the central nervous system to produce a calming effect. Propofol can also be used for sedation in mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units and for procedural sedation in various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures outside the operating room.

The medical definition of Propofol is:
A rapid-onset, short-duration intravenous anesthetic agent that produces a hypnotic effect and is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation in mechanically ventilated patients, and procedural sedation. It acts by enhancing the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, leading to a decrease in neuronal activity and a reduction in consciousness. Propofol has a rapid clearance and distribution, allowing for quick recovery after discontinuation of its administration.

"Health personnel" is a broad term that refers to individuals who are involved in maintaining, promoting, and restoring the health of populations or individuals. This can include a wide range of professionals such as:

1. Healthcare providers: These are medical doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists, pharmacists, allied health professionals (like physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, dietitians, etc.), and other healthcare workers who provide direct patient care.

2. Public health professionals: These are individuals who work in public health agencies, non-governmental organizations, or academia to promote health, prevent diseases, and protect populations from health hazards. They include epidemiologists, biostatisticians, health educators, environmental health specialists, and health services researchers.

3. Health managers and administrators: These are professionals who oversee the operations, finances, and strategic planning of healthcare organizations, such as hospitals, clinics, or public health departments. They may include hospital CEOs, medical directors, practice managers, and healthcare consultants.

4. Health support staff: This group includes various personnel who provide essential services to healthcare organizations, such as medical records technicians, billing specialists, receptionists, and maintenance workers.

5. Health researchers and academics: These are professionals involved in conducting research, teaching, and disseminating knowledge related to health sciences, medicine, public health, or healthcare management in universities, research institutions, or think tanks.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines "health worker" as "a person who contributes to the promotion, protection, or improvement of health through prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, palliation, health promotion, and health education." This definition encompasses a wide range of professionals working in various capacities to improve health outcomes.

... (also γ-glutamyltransferase, GGT, gamma-GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; EC 2.3.2.2) is a ... Part 4. IFCC methods for gamma-glutamyltransferase [(gamma-glutamyl)-peptide: amino acid gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2 ... MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) blood test gamma-Glutamyltransferase at the U.S. National Library ... "Gamma-glutamyltransferase: nucleotide sequence of the human pancreatic cDNA. Evidence for a ubiquitous gamma- ...
... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GGT6 gene. GGT6 belongs to the gamma- ... "Entrez Gene: Gamma-glutamyltransferase 6". Retrieved 2016-03-11. This article incorporates text from the United States National ... glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) gene family. GGT is a membrane-bound extracellular enzyme that cleaves gamma-glutamyl ... peptide bonds in glutathione and other peptides and transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety to acceptors. GGT is also key to ...
... (GGT1), also known as CD224 (Cluster of Differentiation 224), is a human gene. Human gamma- ... "Entrez Gene: GGT1 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1". Chikhi N, Holic N, Guellaen G, Laperche Y (April 1999). "Gamma-glutamyl ... "Gamma-glutamyltransferase: nucleotide sequence of the human pancreatic cDNA. Evidence for a ubiquitous gamma- ... This enzyme is a member of the gamma-glutamyltransferase protein family, of which many members have not yet been fully ...
... is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GGT7 gene. Gamma-glutamyltransferase is a membrane- ... "Entrez Gene: GGTL3 gamma-glutamyltransferase-like 3". Jikuya H, Takano J, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Nagase T, Nomura N, Ohara O ( ... Changes in the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase may signal preneoplastic or toxic conditions in the liver or kidney. The ... Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Warburton D, Sneddon TP (May 2008). "The human gamma-glutamyltransferase gene family". Human Genetics ...
... gamma-glutamyltransferase, (gamma-L-glutamyl)-1-N-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)hydrazine:acceptor, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. ... Other names in common use include (gamma-L-glutamyl)-N1-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)hydrazine:(acceptor), gamma-glutamyltransferase ... In enzymology, an agaritine gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction agaritine ... GIGLIOTTI HJ, LEVENBERG B (1964). "STUDIES ON THE GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE OF AGARICUS BISPORUS". J. Biol. Chem. 239: 2274-84 ...
... is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GGT5 gene. Gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1 ... "Entrez Gene: GGTLA1 gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1". Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, ... Morris C, Courtay C, Geurts van Kessel A, ten Hoeve J, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J (Apr 1993). "Localization of a gamma-glutamyl- ... Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Warburton D, Sneddon TP (Apr 2008). "The human gamma-glutamyltransferase gene family". Hum Genet. 123 ...
... Kawasaki Y, Ogawa T, Sasaoka K (1982). "Occurrence and some properties of a novel gamma- ... In enzymology, a D-alanine gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L- ... glutamyltransferase responsible for the synthesis of gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine in pea-seedlings". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 716 ... whereas its two products are NH3 and gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, ...
Vroon D (1990). "Alkaline Phosphatase and Gamma Glutamyltransferase". Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory ... The source of elevated levels can be deduced by obtaining serum levels of γ-glutamyltransferase. Concomitant increases of ... γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and other biochemical variables". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory ... alkaline phosphatase with γ-glutamyltransferase should raise the suspicion of hepatobiliary disease. Some diseases do not ...
... gamma-glutamyltransferase Genotoxicity Gyromitrin Monomethylhydrazine "Agaritine". PubChem, US National Library of ...
It is an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transferase. It is a fermentation product of Streptomyces sviceus. It interferes with ...
The gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea and creatinine levels remain normal. Langhans type multinucleate giant cells may be present ...
Alkaline phosphatase - slightly elevated but less than 2-3 times the upper limit of normal.[citation needed] Gamma-glutamyl ... Findings include elevations in serum globulins, especially gamma globulins. Hereditary hemochromatosis usually presents with ...
Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM3 gene. Transglutaminases are ... "Entrez Gene: TGM3 transglutaminase 3 (E polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)". Ahvazi B, Boeshans KM, ... enzymes that catalyze the crosslinking of proteins by epsilon-gamma glutamyl lysine isopeptide bonds. While the primary ...
Mildly increased serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase may also occur. Other reported events in dogs ...
Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K is a transglutaminase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM1 gene. ... "Entrez Gene: TGM1 transglutaminase 1 (K polypeptide epidermal type I, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)". Eckert RL ...
High levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) help in diagnosing pathologies involving biliary obstruction.[citation needed] ...
... and elevations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels. Folate level is reduced ...
The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutaminyl-peptide gamma-glutamyltransferase (cyclizing). Other names in common ...
The primary endpoint was percentage change in serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) at 24 weeks; the study did not meet this ...
It can also cause elevations in hepatic enzymes such as gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Less than 1% of ...
Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM4 gene. ENSG00000281886 GRCh38: ...
... gamma-glutamyltransferase in reversed micelles of surfactants in organic solvents". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - ...
In the case of TPN-induced cholestasis, there is an excessive elevation of ALP, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and conjugated ... May 2010). "ATP8B1 and ABCB11 analysis in 62 children with normal gamma-glutamyl transferase progressive familial intrahepatic ...
... transaminases and gamma-glutamyltransferase). Vitiligo is a disease which causes loss of pigmentation in portions of skin. When ... Once purified, khellin exists as colorless, odorless, bitter-tasting needle-shaped crystals and is classified as a gamma-pyrone ...
Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (EC 3.4.19.14, gamma-glutamyl leukotrienase) is an enzyme. Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 (GGT5) is a ... Wickham S, West MB, Cook PF, Hanigan MH (July 2011). "Gamma-glutamyl compounds: substrate specificity of gamma-glutamyl ... Han B, Luo G, Shi ZZ, Barrios R, Atwood D, Liu W, Habib GM, Sifers RN, Corry DB, Lieberman MW (August 2002). "Gamma-glutamyl ... Carter BZ, Wiseman AL, Orkiszewski R, Ballard KD, Ou CN, Lieberman MW (May 1997). "Metabolism of leukotriene C4 in gamma- ...
... gamma-glutamyl transferase). There was no significant difference in serum bile acid concentrations between patients and control ...
... such as gamma-glutamyltransferase, are absent. Pre-ejaculate neutralizes acidity in the urethra caused by residual urine, ... Gohara WF (1 February 1980). "Rate of decrease of glutamyltransferase and acid phosphatase activities in the human vagina after ...
... gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels are normal, but mild elevations can be seen. If any of these lab ...
"A comparison of associations of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, ...
The Glu and Gly residues of LTC4 may be removed step-wise by gamma-glutamyltransferase and a dipeptidase to form sequentially ... by cell surface-attached gamma-glutamyltransferase and dipeptidase peptidase enzymes. In another pathway, ALOX5 may act in ...
A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the blood. GGT is a liver enzyme. High levels of GGT are ... What is a gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test?. A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the ... medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gamma-glutamyl-transferase-ggt-test/ Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test. ... Gamma Glutamyl Transferase; p. 314.. *Lab Tests Online [Internet]. Washington D.C.: American Association for Clinical Chemistry ...
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a cellular production of oxidants. We aimed to elucidate the relationship of serum GGT ... Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase: A novel biomarker for coronary artery disease Yu MaoABC, Xiaolong QiDE, Wenjun XuBC, Haoming ... Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a cellular production of oxidants. We aimed to elucidate the relationship of serum GGT ...
Mammalian γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a glycoprotein consisting of two subunits - a light chain and a heavy chain. The light ... Mammalian γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a glycoprotein consisting of two subunits - a light chain and a heavy chain. The light ...
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase. Serum Sample. 10th March 2023. 10th March 2023. Farmlab Diagnostics ...
Acitretin and Gamma-glutamyltransferase Increased. This page shows results related to Acitretin and Gamma-glutamyltransferase ...
GGT (Gamma glutamyl transferase). GGT (Gamma glutamyl transferase). Species: All. Specimen: Plasma or serum ...
... an important limitation for measurement of GSH as a biomarker is the possible presence in samples of gamma-glutamyltransferase ... Accurate measurement of reduced glutathione in gamma-glutamyltransferase-rich brain microvessel fractions. ... an important limitation for measurement of GSH as a biomarker is the possible presence in samples of gamma-glutamyltransferase ... Accurate measurement of reduced glutathione in gamma-glutamyltransferase-rich brain microvessel fractions. Brain Research, 2011 ...
The Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Quest lab test contains 1 test with 1 biomarker. ... Also known as: Gamma Glutamyl Transferase GGT, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase, Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, Gamma-GT, GGTP, GTP ... Also Known As: Gamma Glutamyltransferase GGT test, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test, Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Test, Gamma- ... Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Most Popular. The Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) test contains 1 test with 1 biomarker. ...
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). Become a Member For ₹ 1999. & Get Lab Tests at 50% Discount & Radiology Tests at 30% Discount ...
Gamma glutamyl transferase (U/L). Variable Name: LBXSGTSI. SAS Label: Gamma glutamyl transferase (U/L). English Text: Gamma ... In the reaction, the GGT catalyzes the transfer of a gamma-glutamyl group from the colorless substrate, gamma-glutamyl-p- ... glutamyl transferase (U/L). Target: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS. Code or Value. Value Description. Count. ...
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in cell membranes of many tissues mainly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas ... encoded search term (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase) and Gamma-Glutamyltransferase What to Read Next on Medscape ... Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in cell membranes of many tissues mainly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas ... Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in cell membranes of many tissues mainly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas ...
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in cell membranes of many tissues mainly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas ... encoded search term (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase) and Gamma-Glutamyltransferase What to Read Next on Medscape ... Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in cell membranes of many tissues mainly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas ... Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in cell membranes of many tissues mainly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas ...
... Franzini Maria. Primo. ;Nesti Agnese;Panetta Daniele; ... Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been recently identified as a bone-resorbing factor. Aim of the study was to investigate ... Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been recently identified as a bone-resorbing factor. Aim of the study was to investigate ...
Book Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test from Thyrocare @ Rs.200, Free Home Sample Collection, Certified Labs and Online ... Evaluating a probable liver disease is the prime objective of performing a Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Test. Gamma Glutamyl ... Thyrocare Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test Book Now, Pay Later You will get a payment link in 2 hours. You can make the ... Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test. Share Facebook Twitter Whatsapp Google Plus LinkedIn ...
Gamma- Glutamyl Transferase) in the blood to diagnose the damages in bile ducts and other liver problems. ... This GTT (Gamma-glutamyl transferase) enzyme is mainly present in the liver. ... GAMMA GT TEST:. Gamma GT this test is also known as GGT and GTPtest. The test is for detecting liver problems. This test ...
The amount of enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in a specified sample of blood. GGT catalyzes the transfer ... blood GGT activity level; blood GGTP activity level; blood gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity level. ... of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor such as amino acid, a peptide or water. Blood GGT level is used as ... blood gamma-glutamyltransferase activity level. 0. plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity level. 0. ...
Biotin-Linked Monoclonal Antibody to Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 1 (gGT1) 200ul - 1 vial is backordered and will ship as soon as ...
A Mendelian randomization approach to assess the causal relationship of gamma-glutamyl transferase with blood pressure and ...
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is a key enzyme for the cellular glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, was shown to be ... Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is a key enzyme for the cellular glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, was shown to be ... Enhanced resistance of HeLa cells to cisplatin by overexpression of gamma-glutamyltransferase. DAUBEUF S;LEROY P;PAOLICCHI, ...
Slide 17: Gamma glutamyltransferase. Gamma glutamyltransferase or GGT is also an indicator of obstruction. While GGT is a less ...
Yhello is a digital creation agency based in Paris, created by former scientists passionate about the web ...
... or Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test, is a liver enzyme that helps detoxify ammonia. This test helps identify patients with liver ... What is a gamma-glutamyl transferase GGT test?. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (or GGT) is an enzyme in the liver that helps break ... GGT, or Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test, is a liver enzyme that helps detoxify ammonia. This test helps identify patients with ... The importance of gamma-glutamyl transferase testing cannot be understated. It has become one of the most important markers in ...
Gamma-glutamyl transferase. HBV:. Hepatitis B virus. BMI:. Body mass index. HCC:. Hepatocellular carcinoma ...
Gamma-glutamyl transferase: Another biomarker for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. / Grundy, Scott M. In: ... Gamma-glutamyl transferase: Another biomarker for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and ... Gamma-glutamyl transferase : Another biomarker for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. In: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis ... Grundy, S. M. (2007). Gamma-glutamyl transferase: Another biomarker for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. ...
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). [PDF - 270 KB] September 2011. Glucose. [PDF - 234 KB] September 2011. ...
gamma-Glutamyltransferase / metabolism Substances * Gastrointestinal Hormones * Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 * Glucose Transporter ...
... gamma-GTP). The assay utilizes as a substrate the synthetic compound 7-gamma-glutamylamido-4-methyl coumarin which is cleaved ... by gamma-GTP to yield the highly fluorescent product 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin. O … ... A new fluorometric assay was developed for the measurement of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( ... 7-(gamma-glutamyl)-4-methylcoumarylamide * gamma-Glutamyltransferase Grants and funding * CA 17701-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United ...
... gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), T3, and T4 were measured using the Cobas c311 or e411 clinical chemistry analyzer, according ... including multiple gamma-glutamyl amino acids, cysteine-glutathione, and 5-oxoproline, were lower in small dogs. Glutathione ( ...
A Cameo Mention of Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) - A Magical Garment Girl using Alcohol to Break a Spell. by Michelle Muscat ... Phosphatidylethanol is Superior to Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin and gamma-Glutamyltransferase as an Alcohol Marker and is ... voice concern that her gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were abnormally high.. In this hypothetical universe, the most ...
Gamma glutamyl transferase. 78 IU/L. 0-40 IU/L. 3. Gamma glutamyl transferase. 155 IU/L. 0-40 IU/L. 11. ...
  • A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in cell membranes of many tissues mainly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of this study was to test the clinical application of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentration and the ratio of serum GGT to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in differentiating BA from neonatal hepatitis (NH). (nih.gov)
  • Elevated levels of serum liver transaminases are good indicators of liver cell damage, and elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level is a good indicator of both bile duct and hepatocellular damage. (springeropen.com)
  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are clinically important liver enzymes of concerned. (springeropen.com)
  • Moreover, this perturbed composition exhibited stratification with disease severity concordant with elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and blood markers such as C reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. (bmj.com)
  • One advantage of the Healthy-Iron proprietary panel called FeGGT LifeProâ„¢ is that it includes Gamma Glutamyl transferase (GGT), a liver enzyme that can provide information about your body's antioxidant defenses. (irondisorders.org)
  • Exercise without gamma-glutamyl transferase rats and steroid or SARM without any can contribute to more specific goals. (theroxor.com)
  • On March 6, a routine blood chemistry screen showed elevations of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl-transferase, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase. (cdc.gov)
  • To estimate and compare associations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with incident diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In large epidemiological studies, NAFLD and liver fat content (a continuum) are commonly revealed by elevations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and ultrasonography. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl group from gamma-glutamyl peptides, such as glutathione to an acceptor such as peptides and L-amino acids. (medscape.com)
  • The gamma-carboxymide groups of peptide-bound glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of protein- and peptide-bound lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and inter-molecular N(6)-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links. (expasy.org)
  • Ethanol-induced HepG2/CYP2E1 cells were treated with the compounds at various concentrations, and the results showed that there was a dose-dependent decrease of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity and increase of glutathione (GSH) in the culture media with an increase in cell viability. (hindawi.com)
  • We investigated 39 MD patients to assess the plasma concentration of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and related them to clinical severity scores. (unipi.it)
  • Main outcome measures Scores on alcohol use disorders identification test and measures of γ-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, per cent carbohydrate deficient transferrin, and erythrocyte mean cell volume. (bmj.com)
  • Results A significant correlation was observed be alcohol consumption and score on the alcohol use disorders identification test (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.74) and measures of γ-glutamyltransferase (r = 0.20) and per cent carbohydrate deficient transferrin (r = 0.36) but not aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.08) or erythrocyte mean cell volume (r = 0.02). (bmj.com)
  • γ‑glutamyltransferase is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of hepatobiliary diseases. (incytepathology.com)
  • Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. (sdu.edu.tr)
  • Most common adverse drug reactions (≥5%) from clinical trials in pediatric patients were anemia, vomiting, increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, and nosocomial infection. (nih.gov)
  • Higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase l. (sdu.edu.tr)
  • γ‑glutamyltransferase is also a sensitive screening test for occult alcoholism. (incytepathology.com)