Tanzania
Malaria
Mosquito Control
Antimalarials
Medicine, African Traditional
Africa, Eastern
Bedding and Linens
HIV Infections
Malaria, Falciparum
Artemisinins
Sulfadoxine
Developing Countries
Prevalence
Pyrimethamine
Drug Combinations
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cryptosporidium, enterocytozoon, and cyclospora infections in pediatric and adult patients with diarrhea in Tanzania. (1/1943)
Cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, and cyclosporiasis were studied in four groups of Tanzanian inpatients: adults with AIDS-associated diarrhea, children with chronic diarrhea (of whom 23 of 59 were positive [+] for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), children with acute diarrhea (of whom 15 of 55 were HIV+), and HIV control children without diarrhea. Cryptosporidium was identified in specimens from 6/86 adults, 5/59 children with chronic diarrhea (3/5, HIV+), 7/55 children with acute diarrhea (0/7, HIV+), and 0/20 control children. Among children with acute diarrhea, 7/7 with cryptosporidiosis were malnourished, compared with 10/48 without cryptosporidiosis (P < .01). Enterocytozoon was identified in specimens from 3/86 adults, 2/59 children with chronic diarrhea (1 HIV+), 0/55 children with acute diarrhea, and 4/20 control children. All four controls were underweight (P < .01). Cyclospora was identified in specimens from one adult and one child with acute diarrhea (HIV-). Thus, Cryptosporidium was the most frequent and Cyclospora the least frequent pathogen identified. Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon were associated with malnutrition. Asymptomatic fecal shedding of Enterocytozoon in otherwise healthy, HIV children has not been described previously. (+info)Can vector control play a useful supplementary role against bancroftian filariasis? (2/1943)
A single campaign of mass treatment for bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in Makunduchi, a town in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania, combined with elimination of mosquito breeding in pit latrines with polystyrene beads was followed by a progressive decline over a 5-year period in the microfilarial rate from 49% to 3%. Evidence that vector control had contributed to this long-term decline was obtained by comparison with another town, Moga, where a DEC campaign was used without vector control and where resurgence of microfilariae could be observed 3-6 years after the campaign. In Zanzibar town, treatment of 3844 wet pit latrines and cesspits with polystyrene beads reduced the adult mosquito population in houses by about 65%. Supplementary treatment of open drains and marshes with Bacillus sphaericus produced little or no additional reduction compared to a sector of the town where only pit treatment with polystyrene was carried out. The cost and effort of achieving the 65% reduction in mosquito population could hardly be justified for its impact on filariasis alone, but its noticeable impact on biting nuisance might help to gain community support for an integrated programme. (+info)Enteropathogenic bacteria in faecal swabs of young children fed on lactic acid-fermented cereal gruels. (3/1943)
The influence of consumption of a lactic acid-fermented cereal gruel togwa with pH < or = 4 on the presence of faecal enteric bacteria such as campylobacter, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC:O157), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), salmonella and shigella was evaluated. Under 5 years old healthy children listed in an ascending order of age were alternatively assigned and given either a lactic-acid fermented cereal gruel togwa (test diet) or an unfermented cereal gruel uji (control diet) once a day for 13 consecutive days. The presence of the enteropathogens was examined in rectal swabs collected from the children at baseline (before feeding session started), on days 7 and 13, and additionally 14 days (follow-up day) after the feeding session had stopped. The swabs were cultured on to different optimal media for respective enteropathogen and confirmed by standard microbiological and serological methods. Campylobacter spp. dominated among the enteropathogens (62% out of total) followed by Salmonella spp., ETEC and Shigella spp. Children with isolated enteropathogens in the togwa group was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) from 27.6% at baseline to 7.8, 8.2 and 12.7% on days 7, 13 and follow-up day, respectively. The effect was more pronounced in those children taking togwa > 6 times during the study period. In the control group, there was a slight decrease from 16.7% at baseline to 11.4% on day 7 and 8.1% on day 13. On the follow-up day, enteropathogens were found in 22.6% of the children, which was significantly higher than in those children taking togwa > 6 times. We conclude, that regular consumption of togwa with pH < or = 4, once a day, three times a week may help to control intestinal colonization with potential diarrhoea-causing pathogens in young children. (+info)Controlling schistosomiasis: the cost-effectiveness of alternative delivery strategies. (4/1943)
Sustainable schistosomiasis control cannot be based on large-scale vertical treatment strategies in most endemic countries, yet little is known about the costs and effectiveness of more affordable options. This paper presents calculations of the cost-effectiveness of two forms of chemotherapy targeted at school-children and compares them with chemotherapy integrated into the routine activities of the primary health care system. The focus is on Schistosoma haematobium. Economic and epidemiological data are taken from the Kilombero District of Tanzania. The paper also develops a framework for possible use by programme managers to evaluate similar options in different epidemiological settings. The results suggest that all three options are more affordable and sustainable than the vertical strategies for which cost data are available in the literature. Passive testing and treatment through primary health facilities proved the most effective and cost-effective option given the screening and compliance rates observed in the Kilombero District. (+info)Employer's willingness to pay: the case for compulsory health insurance in Tanzania. (5/1943)
This article documents employers' expenditure on the arrangements for the health care of their employees in one of the least developed countries; Tanzania. The case for compulsory health insurance is considered in the light of the fact that only 3% of the population is employed in the formal sector and could be covered at first. It is shown from a survey of larger employers, outside government, that they were spending on average 11% of payroll on health care for their employees. This demonstrated their lack of satisfaction with the government health services. Nevertheless, those who could readily be covered by insurance were making considerable use of the more expensive government hospital services. It is argued that a compulsory health insurance scheme could be introduced for the formal sector of employment which would cover a wider range of health services at lower cost. The scheme would also have the desirable economic effect of lowering employers' labour costs while making it possible to improve the standards of the government health services. (+info)Reducing maternal mortality in Kigoma, Tanzania. (6/1943)
An intervention programme aiming at a reduction of maternal deaths in the Regional Hospital, Kigoma, Tanzania, is analyzed. A retrospective study was carried out from 1984-86 to constitute a background for an intervention programme in 1987-91. The retrospective study revealed gross under-registration of data and clarified a number of potentially useful issues regarding avoidable maternal mortality. An intervention programme comprising 22 items was launched and the maternal mortality ratio was carefully followed in 1987-91. The intervention programme paid attention to professional responsibilities with regular audit-oriented meeting, utilization of local material resources, schedules for regular maintenance of equipment, maintenance of working skills by regular on-the-job training of staff, norms for patient management, provision of blood, norms for referral of severely ill patients, use of antibiotics, regular staff evaluation, public complaints about patient management, travel distance of all essential staff to the hospital, supply of essential drugs, the need of a small infusion production unit, the creation of culture facilities for improved quality of microbiology findings, and to efforts to stimulate local fund-raising. The results indicate that the maternal mortality ratio fell from 933 to 186 per 100,000 live births over the period 1984-91. Thus it is underscored that the problem of maternal mortality can be successfully approached by a low-cost intervention programme aiming at identifying issues of avoidability and focusing upon locally available problem solutions. (+info)Quality of primary outpatient services in Dar-es-Salaam: a comparison of government and voluntary providers. (7/1943)
This study aimed to test whether voluntary agencies provide care of better quality than that provided by government with respect to primary curative outpatient services in Dar-es-Salaam. All non-government primary services were included, and government primary facilities were randomly sampled within the three districts of the city. Details of consultations were recorded and assessed by a panel who classed consultations as adequate, inadequate but serious consequences unlikely, and consultations where deficiencies in the care could have serious consequences. Interpersonal conduct was assessed and exit interviews were conducted. The study found that government registers of non-government 'voluntary' providers actually contained a high proportion of for-profit private providers. Comparisons between facilities showed that care was better overall at voluntary providers, but that there was a high level of inadequate care at both government and non-government providers. (+info)The determinants of infant and child mortality in Tanzania. (8/1943)
This paper investigates the determinants of infant and child mortality in Tanzania using the 1991/92 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. A hazards model is used to assess the relative effect of the variables hypothesized to influence under-five mortality. Short birth intervals, teenage pregnancies and previous child deaths are associated with increased risk of death. The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania should therefore maintain its commitment to encouraging women to space their births at least two years apart and delay childbearing beyond the teenage years. Further, this study shows that there is a remarkable lack of infant and child mortality differentials by socioeconomic subgroups of the population, which may reflect post-independence health policy and development strategies. Whilst lack of socioeconomic differentials can be considered an achievement of government policies, mortality remains high so there is still a long way to go before Tanzania achieves its stated goal of 'Health for All'. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tanzania" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in East Africa. If you have any questions about medical terms or conditions, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.
Malaria is not a medical definition itself, but it is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Here's a simple definition:
Malaria: A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, characterized by cycles of fever, chills, and anemia. It can be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi.
A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.
'Mosquito Control' is not a medical term per se, but it is a public health concept that refers to the systematic reduction or elimination of mosquito populations through various methods to prevent or minimize the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. This multidisciplinary field involves entomologists, ecologists, engineers, and public health professionals working together to manage mosquito habitats, apply insecticides, and educate communities about personal protection measures. By controlling mosquito populations, we can significantly reduce the risk of contracting vector-borne illnesses such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus, among others.
Antimalarials are a class of drugs that are used for the prevention, treatment, and elimination of malaria. They work by targeting the malaria parasite at various stages of its life cycle, particularly the erythrocytic stage when it infects red blood cells. Some commonly prescribed antimalarials include chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, and artemisinin-based combinations. These drugs can be used alone or in combination with other antimalarial agents to increase their efficacy and prevent the development of drug resistance. Antimalarials are also being investigated for their potential use in treating other diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer.
African traditional medicine (ATM) refers to the practices and beliefs regarding both physical and spiritual health and well-being that are indigenous to Africa. It includes various forms of healing, such as herbalism, spiritualism, and ancestral veneration, which may be practiced by traditional healers, including herbalists, diviners, and traditional birth attendants. These practices are often closely intertwined with the cultural, religious, and social beliefs of the community. It's important to note that the specific practices and beliefs can vary widely among different African cultures and communities.
Rural health is a branch of healthcare that focuses on the unique health challenges and needs of people living in rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rural health as "the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in the rural population."
Rural populations often face disparities in healthcare access and quality compared to their urban counterparts. Factors such as geographic isolation, poverty, lack of transportation, and a shortage of healthcare providers can contribute to these disparities. Rural health encompasses a broad range of services, including primary care, prevention, chronic disease management, mental health, oral health, and emergency medical services.
The goal of rural health is to improve the health outcomes of rural populations by addressing these unique challenges and providing high-quality, accessible healthcare services that meet their needs. This may involve innovative approaches such as telemedicine, mobile health clinics, and community-based programs to reach people in remote areas.
"Eastern Africa" is a geographical term used to describe the eastern portion of the African continent. The United Nations defines Eastern Africa as consisting of the following countries: Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, RĂ©union, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
In a medical context, "Eastern Africa" may be used to describe the epidemiology, distribution, or prevalence of various diseases or health conditions in this region. However, it is important to note that there can be significant variation in health outcomes and healthcare systems within Eastern Africa due to factors such as socioeconomic status, infrastructure, and cultural practices. Therefore, any medical definition of "Eastern Africa" should be used with caution and may require further qualification or specification depending on the context.
'Bedding and linens' is a term that refers to the items used to cover, clean, and maintain beds and other furniture in medical and residential settings. These items include:
1. Sheets: These are flat pieces of cloth that are placed on top of the mattress and beneath the blankets or comforters. They come in various sizes (twin, full, queen, king) to fit different mattress sizes.
2. Blankets/Comforters: These are thicker, often quilted or filled, pieces of fabric that provide warmth and comfort to the user.
3. Pillows and pillowcases: Pillows are used to support the head and neck during sleep, while pillowcases are the removable covers that protect the pillows from dirt, sweat, and stains.
4. Mattress pads/protectors: These are additional layers placed between the mattress and the sheets to provide extra protection against spills, stains, or allergens.
5. Bed skirts: These are decorative pieces of fabric that cover the space between the box spring and the floor, hiding any storage area or providing a more finished look to the bed.
6. Towels and washcloths: While not directly related to the bed, these linens are often included in the 'bedding and linens' category as they share similar cleaning and maintenance requirements.
In medical settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, strict infection control protocols are followed for handling, washing, and storing bedding and linens to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a viral illness that progressively attacks and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to other infections and diseases. The virus primarily infects CD4+ T cells, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting off infections. Over time, as the number of these immune cells declines, the body becomes increasingly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers.
HIV infection has three stages:
1. Acute HIV infection: This is the initial stage that occurs within 2-4 weeks after exposure to the virus. During this period, individuals may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, rash, swollen glands, and muscle aches. The virus replicates rapidly, and the viral load in the body is very high.
2. Chronic HIV infection (Clinical latency): This stage follows the acute infection and can last several years if left untreated. Although individuals may not show any symptoms during this phase, the virus continues to replicate at low levels, and the immune system gradually weakens. The viral load remains relatively stable, but the number of CD4+ T cells declines over time.
3. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): This is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely damaged immune system and numerous opportunistic infections or cancers. At this stage, the CD4+ T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3 of blood.
It's important to note that with proper antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals with HIV infection can effectively manage the virus, maintain a healthy immune system, and significantly reduce the risk of transmission to others. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving long-term health outcomes and reducing the spread of HIV.
Malaria, Falciparum is defined as a severe and often fatal form of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. This type of malaria is characterized by high fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, and vomiting. If left untreated, it can cause severe anemia, kidney failure, seizures, coma, and even death. It is a major public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa.
I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Fluorenes" is not a medical term, but rather a chemical term referring to organic compounds that contain a fluorene moiety, which is a bicyclic compound made up of two benzene rings fused to a five-membered ring containing two carbon atoms and one double bond.
Fluorenes have various applications in the field of materials science, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). They are not typically used in a medical context, although some fluorene derivatives have been explored for potential therapeutic applications.
Therefore, I cannot provide a medical definition of "Fluorenes." However, if you have any questions about the chemical properties or applications of fluorenes, I would be happy to try and answer them.
Artemisinins are a class of antimalarial drugs derived from the sweet wormwood plant (Artemisia annua). They are highly effective against Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly species of malaria parasite. Artemisinins have become an essential component in the treatment of malaria and are often used in combination therapy regimens to reduce the risk of drug resistance.
The artemisinin compounds contain a unique peroxide bridge that is responsible for their antimalarial activity. They work by generating free radicals that can damage the parasite's membranes, leading to its rapid death. Artemisinins have a fast action and can significantly reduce the parasite biomass in the first few days of treatment.
Some commonly used artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) include:
* Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem)
* Artesunate-amodiaquine (Coarsucam)
* Artesunate-mefloquine (Artequin)
* Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Eurartesim, Duo-Cotecxin)
Artemisinins have also shown potential in treating other conditions, such as certain types of cancer and viral infections. However, more research is needed to establish their safety and efficacy for these indications.
Sulfadoxine is an antimicrobial drug, specifically a sulfonamide. It is defined in medical terms as a long-acting synthetic antibacterial that is used to treat and prevent various bacterial infections. Sulfadoxine works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria through interfering with their ability to synthesize folic acid, an essential component for their survival.
It is often combined with pyrimethamine (a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor) to treat and prevent malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, particularly in areas where there is resistance to other antimalarial drugs. The combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine is known as a "sulfonamide-pyrimidine" or "SP" treatment.
Sulfadoxine should be used with caution, as it can cause serious side effects such as severe skin reactions, blood disorders, and allergic reactions. It is also not recommended for use in people who have an allergy to sulfonamides or who are breastfeeding infants younger than two months of age.
The term "developing countries" is a socio-economic classification used to describe nations that are in the process of industrialization and modernization. This term is often used interchangeably with "low and middle-income countries" or "Global South." The World Bank defines developing countries as those with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than US $12,695.
In the context of healthcare, developing countries face unique challenges including limited access to quality medical care, lack of resources and infrastructure, high burden of infectious diseases, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. These factors contribute to significant disparities in health outcomes between developing and developed nations.
Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.
Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic medication that is primarily used to treat and prevent protozoan infections, such as toxoplasmosis and malaria. It works by inhibiting the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme, which is essential for the parasite's survival. By doing so, it interferes with the synthesis of folate, a vital component for the growth and reproduction of the parasite.
Pyrimethamine is often used in combination with other medications, such as sulfonamides or sulfones, to increase its effectiveness and prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. Common side effects of pyrimethamine include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and headache. It is important to note that pyrimethamine should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional due to its potential for serious side effects and interactions with other medications.
A drug combination refers to the use of two or more drugs in combination for the treatment of a single medical condition or disease. The rationale behind using drug combinations is to achieve a therapeutic effect that is superior to that obtained with any single agent alone, through various mechanisms such as:
* Complementary modes of action: When different drugs target different aspects of the disease process, their combined effects may be greater than either drug used alone.
* Synergistic interactions: In some cases, the combination of two or more drugs can result in a greater-than-additive effect, where the total response is greater than the sum of the individual responses to each drug.
* Antagonism of adverse effects: Sometimes, the use of one drug can mitigate the side effects of another, allowing for higher doses or longer durations of therapy.
Examples of drug combinations include:
* Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection, which typically involves a combination of three or more antiretroviral drugs to suppress viral replication and prevent the development of drug resistance.
* Chemotherapy regimens for cancer treatment, where combinations of cytotoxic agents are used to target different stages of the cell cycle and increase the likelihood of tumor cell death.
* Fixed-dose combination products, such as those used in the treatment of hypertension or type 2 diabetes, which combine two or more active ingredients into a single formulation for ease of administration and improved adherence to therapy.
However, it's important to note that drug combinations can also increase the risk of adverse effects, drug-drug interactions, and medication errors. Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the selection of appropriate drugs, dosing regimens, and monitoring parameters when using drug combinations in clinical practice.
Health facilities, also known as healthcare facilities, are organizations that provide health services, treatments, and care to individuals in need of medical attention. These facilities can include various types of establishments such as hospitals, clinics, doctor's offices, dental practices, long-term care facilities, rehabilitation centers, and diagnostic imaging centers.
Health facilities are designed to offer a range of services that promote health, prevent illness, diagnose and treat medical conditions, and provide ongoing care for patients with chronic illnesses or disabilities. They may also offer educational programs and resources to help individuals maintain their health and well-being.
The specific services offered by health facilities can vary widely depending on the type and size of the facility, as well as its location and target population. However, all health facilities are required to meet certain standards for safety, quality, and patient care in order to ensure that patients receive the best possible treatment and outcomes.
Trachoma is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It primarily affects the eyes, causing repeated infections that lead to scarring of the inner eyelid and eyelashes turning inward (trichiasis), which can result in damage to the cornea and blindness if left untreated.
The disease is spread through direct contact with eye or nose discharge from infected individuals, often through contaminated fingers, shared towels, or flies that have come into contact with the discharge. Trachoma is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water, making it a significant public health issue in many developing countries.
Preventive measures include improving personal hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, promoting facial cleanliness, and providing safe water and sanitation facilities. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection and surgery for advanced cases with trichiasis or corneal damage.
A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.
In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.
Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.
Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.
Rural health services refer to the healthcare delivery systems and facilities that are located in rural areas and are designed to meet the unique health needs of rural populations. These services can include hospitals, clinics, community health centers, mental health centers, and home health agencies, as well as various programs and initiatives aimed at improving access to care, addressing health disparities, and promoting health and wellness in rural communities.
Rural health services are often characterized by longer travel distances to healthcare facilities, a greater reliance on primary care and preventive services, and a higher prevalence of certain health conditions such as chronic diseases, injuries, and mental health disorders. As a result, rural health services must be tailored to address these challenges and provide high-quality, affordable, and accessible care to rural residents.
In many countries, rural health services are supported by government policies and programs aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure, workforce development, and telehealth technologies in rural areas. These efforts are critical for ensuring that all individuals, regardless of where they live, have access to the healthcare services they need to maintain their health and well-being.
Tanzania
Malambo, Tanzania
Kindai, Tanzania
Himo, Tanzania
Miss Tanzania
Nanofilter Tanzania
Airtel Tanzania
Mbola, Tanzania
Tanzania parvulus
Moshi, Tanzania
Sange, Tanzania
Tanzania gecko
Nauru, Tanzania
Segala, Tanzania
Air Tanzania
Same, Tanzania
Mainland Tanzania
Tanzania Craton
READ Tanzania
Kaloleni, Tanzania
Katunguru, Tanzania
Saja, Tanzania
Matola, Tanzania
Fastjet Tanzania
Gairo, Tanzania
Itale, Tanzania
Bukene, Tanzania
Isebania, Tanzania
Litowa, Tanzania
Swissport Tanzania
tanzania
Tanzania | Hosted
Tanzania
Tanzania | Facts & Information | Infoplease
Tanzania - Wikipedia
HSV Swift Departs Tanzania
Data Privacy - Goethe-Institut Tanzania
Kigoma (Tanzania) weather - Met Office
Ramadan Start 2024 in Tanzania
Tanzania
Tanzania Citizen Engagement Platform (TCEP)
Tripod | VCT-R640 | Sony Tanzania
Tanzania | New Internationalist
Nungwi travel - Lonely Planet | Tanzania, Africa
Tanzania Safari Channel - LyngSat
Tanzania Cold Chain Solutions
National Museum of Tanzania | Institution outputs | Nature Index
Livestock and livelihoods in rural Tanzania | FAO
Northern Tanzania travel - Lonely Planet | Tanzania, Africa
Kids Aid Tanzania Fundraising | Easyfundraising
Tanzania Maps & Facts - World Atlas
Tanzania Language Stats: NationMaster.com
From Tanzania to Boy Scout Troop 1532 | CNN Politics
What we do | UNICEF United Republic of Tanzania
Burundi: thousands streaming into Tanzania | UNHCR Asia Pacific
Central Tanzania
About Us | DHL Supply Chain | Tanzania
Transportation | SGS Tanzania
Kilimanjaro, Tanzania - BootsnAll
Salaam8
- Described as "extremely wealthy and extremely connected" in China and Tanzania, Glan owned businesses, including a large restaurant, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's largest city, and she was even serving as the secretary general of the Tanzania-China Africa Business Council. (cnn.com)
- This report presents some of the findings from a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project in Dar es Salaam, the United Republic of Tanzania. (ilo.org)
- Rahma Kihedu (a grandma, or "bibi" in Kiswahili) is one of the women from the Bibi Jann Grandma-2-Grandma program, part of the Bibi Jann Children's Care Trust in the village of Mbagala, about ten miles south of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (nih.gov)
- 1 Policy and Planning Department, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. (nih.gov)
- 2 CTS Global, assigned to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. (nih.gov)
- 3 Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. (nih.gov)
- 4 World Bank, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. (nih.gov)
- 5 National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. (nih.gov)
20236
- Nairobi) - Tanzania authorities have detained or threatened at least 22 people since June 10, 2023, including protesters, after they criticized the Tanzania National Assembly's ratification of an agreement for management of Tanzania's ports, Human Rights Watch said today. (hrw.org)
- HAMPTON, Va. - July 12, 2023 - PRLog -- Amazine Amazon Inc., a leading nonprofit organization dedicated to empowering youth through the arts, is thrilled to announce the renowned actress, writer, and director Tanzania Hughie as the lead instructor for their upcoming Youth Filmmaking Summer Bootcamp. (prlog.org)
- Nov. 17, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Titan Lithium Inc., (OTC Markets: CDSG) (the "Company" or "CDSG") is pleased to announce it has completed the full transfer of 100% interest in the Titan 1 and Titan 2 Prospecting Licenses in Tanzania into the Company's' Kilimanjaro Lithium Ltd ("KLL") subsidiary. (tmcnet.com)
- Speedtest Intelligence ® reveals Tigo was the fastest mobile operator among top providers in Tanzania in Q2 2023 with a median download speed of 25.6 Mbps. (speedtest.net)
- Speedtest Intelligence ® reveals Vodacom was the fastest fixed broadband provider among top providers in Tanzania in Q2 2023 with a median download speed of 15.72 Mbps. (speedtest.net)
- In February and March 2023, two distinct outbreaks of Marburg virus were reported in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania. (cdc.gov)
Africa9
- Swahili: [tanzaˈni.a]), officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. (wikipedia.org)
- This counts as a major success for Tanzania, which is referred to by some as ground zero of elephant poaching in Africa. (cnn.com)
- Duma: Tanzania, South Africa? (ethiopianreview.com)
- Duma: And Cape Verde, Senegal, Tanzania and South Africa? (ethiopianreview.com)
- The Serengeti National Park in Tanzania covers an area 14,750 square kilometers and it is one of the best destinations to enjoy game viewing while on an Africa Safari. (safaris-intanzania.com)
- The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge is a paleoanthropological site in the eastern Serengeti Plain, near northern Tanzania, in East Africa. (blackpast.org)
- The United Republic of Tanzania, as it is officially known, is the largest country in East Africa and one of the continent's most politically stable. (savethechildren.org)
- Tanzania has the strongest belief in witchcraft in Africa, according to US-based Pew Research Center, which in 2010 found that 93 percent of the population believed in black magic. (iwmf.org)
- The fact that HIV / AIDS has hit Africa hard is hardly a news, but it may be that the western parts of Tanzania were hit early, with several cases of AIDS found in the 1980s. (lu.se)
Zanzibar4
- The name "Tanzania" was created as a clipped compound of the names of the two states that unified to create the country: Tanganyika and Zanzibar. (wikipedia.org)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tanzania works with the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly, and Children (MOHCDGEC) on the mainland and the Ministry of Health on Zanzibar to support HIV testing, prevention, treatment services, and to strengthen the health systems. (cdc.gov)
- The Island which year after year has become a popular tourist destination for people on a Tanzania Safari is surrounded by a number of smaller islands, with the major islands being Unguja, Pemba and Mafia which are jointly referred to as "Zanzibar. (safaris-intanzania.com)
- Tanzania, land of the Serengeti and Zanzibar, can offer in a single destination what cannot be found anywhere in the world, either through tailored packages or independent visits. (cdc.gov)
20161
- Since its launch in November 2016, Laboratory Project ECHO, a distance learning and mentorship model to build healthcare worker capacity, has extensively trained and mentored HIV testers in Tanzania. (cdc.gov)
Centers for Diseas1
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is issuing this Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Advisory to inform clinicians and public health departments in the United States about two confirmed outbreaks of Marburg virus disease (MVD)-one in Equatorial Guinea and one in Tanzania. (cdc.gov)
20224
- According to the 2022 national census, Tanzania has a population of nearly 62 million, making it the most populous country located entirely south of the equator. (wikipedia.org)
- According to GlobalData, Tanzania is the world's twenty-second-largest producer of gold in 2022, with output down by 8.11% on 2021. (mining-technology.com)
- Over the five years to 2021, production from Tanzania decreased by a CAGR of 3.6% and is expected to rise by a CAGR of 0.5% between 2022 and 2026. (mining-technology.com)
- The report, We have lost everything: Forced evictions of the Maasai in Loliondo, Tanzania , details how the Tanzanian authorities forcibly evicted the Maasai community from Loliondo, a division in Tanzania's northern Ngorongoro district in Arusha region, on 10 June 2022. (amnesty.org)
Tanzanian2
- The Tanzanian government's suppression of its critics is a troubling sign of its low tolerance for dissenting views," said Oryem Nyeko , Tanzania researcher at Human Rights Watch. (hrw.org)
- In 2014, food sales in Tanzania generated an estimated 18.37 trillion Tanzanian shillings, increasing to approximately 20.67 trillion Tanzanian shillings the following year. (statista.com)
Tanganyika2
- Tanganyika joined the British Commonwealth and Tanzania remains a member of the Commonwealth as a unified republic. (wikipedia.org)
- Magufuli was born on October 29, 1959, in Chato, Tanganyika (now Tanzania), to John Joseph Magufuli and an unnamed mother. (blackpast.org)
Outbreaks4
- In Tanzania, cholera outbreaks occur mostly during the rainy season and are due to poor sanitation and an inadequate supply of clean and safe drinking water. (cdc.gov)
- Tanzania also has had outbreaks of measles, plague, and Rift Valley Fever. (nih.gov)
- To date, no confirmed cases of MVD related to these outbreaks have been reported in the United States or other countries outside Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania . (cdc.gov)
- These outbreaks mark the first time that Marburg virus has been identified in either Equatorial Guinea or Tanzania, though the virus has been identified previously in neighboring countries and the reservoir, the Egyptian fruit bat, is known to be present in both countries. (cdc.gov)
Human Rights2
- The 75-page report, " 'No Way Out': Child Marriage and Human Rights Abuses in Tanzania ," documents how child marriage severely curtails girls' access to education, and exposes them to exploitation and violence - including marital rape and female genital mutilation (FGM) - and reproductive health risks. (hrw.org)
- Tanzania has prevented a delegation of MEPs from visiting the country, despite previously agreeing to allow them in to investigate human rights abuses against the Maasai in the name of conservation. (survivalinternational.org)
Mainland1
- As part of the midterm review of the national health sector strategic plan of Tanzania mainland, summary measures of health system strength and coverage of interventions were developed for all 21 regions, focusing on the priority indicators of the national plan. (nih.gov)
Serengeti1
- The Maasai have lived for generations in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania and have shaped and protected these lands, preserving wildlife and biodiversity in areas such as Loliondo, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and the now Serengeti National Park. (survivalinternational.org)
Nairobi2
Country4
- The united country was renamed Tanzania. (jpost.com)
- Get to know the fascinating traditional culture of this East African country when you travel to Tanzania with Qatar Airways and enjoy an adventurous trip in stunning surroundings. (qatarairways.com)
- However, Tanzania remains a poor country, with a majority of the population struggling as subsistence farmers on semi-arid land. (savethechildren.org)
- The United Republic of Tanzania country health profiles provide an overview of the situation and trends of priority health problems and the health systems profile, including a description of institutional frameworks, trends in the national response, key issues and challenges. (who.int)
20201
- This statistic shows the sales value of food in Tanzania from 2013 to 2020. (statista.com)
20211
- John Pombe Joseph Magufuli was a politician who served as the fifth President of Tanzania from 2015 to 2021. (blackpast.org)
Arusha1
- In Tanzania, from July through November 1989, 1249 cases of meningococcal disease were reported in four northern districts, including the Arusha area--an attack rate of 172 per 100,000. (cdc.gov)
Donate1
- Donate to help children in Tanzania and around the world grow up healthy, educated and safe. (savethechildren.org)
20192
- This year's scholarship awards - four for the spring 2019 semester and two for the early decision cycle for summer 2019 - will allow students to study in Scotland, Chile, Spain, Australia, Tanzania and France. (unh.edu)
- Travelers to Tanzania should be up to date on essential immunizations and carefully advised on recommendations for travel vaccines, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hepatitis A, polio, and tetanus. (cdc.gov)
Safaris1
- Tanzania is one of the most visited tourist destinations for safaris. (wikipedia.org)
World's2
- The World's Cruising Guide for Tanzania Anchorages. (marinas.com)
- Tanzania is home to some of the world's hardest to reach children. (savethechildren.org)
Immunization1
- The immunization programme in Tanzania has as its goal reduction in morbidity and mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases. (who.int)
Northeastern3
- Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania. (wikipedia.org)
- Researchers have described a new species of tree from the Usambara mountains of northeastern Tanzania. (mongabay.com)
- From the Usambara mountains of northeastern Tanzania, researchers have described a new species of tree that could already be on its way toward extinction. (mongabay.com)
Epidemic2
Programme1
- BUJUMBURA, Burundi, May 28 (UNHCR) - Two months after the start of UNHCR's assisted repatriation programme from Tanzania, more than 10,000 Burundian refugees have returned home, with many more saying they want to return under the UNHCR-facilitated initiative. (unhcr.org)
Wildlife1
- The landscapes of Tanzania encompass great sandy beaches, a vast range of wildlife and an exceptionally diverse terrain. (qatarairways.com)
Kilimanjaro2
- Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the north-east, where Mount Kilimanjaro is located. (wikipedia.org)
- KIWAKKUKI was founded in 1990 by women living in Moshi, a small town near the base of Mt. Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. (nih.gov)
19641
- Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. (wikipedia.org)
Travelers6
- Travelers can visit Tanzania throughout the year. (cdc.gov)
- Tanzania can be safe and easy to navigate, but all travelers should plan in advance. (cdc.gov)
- Travelers also should know the location of the nearest facility to seek medical care (see the US embassy in Tanzania website. (cdc.gov)
- Travelers' diarrhea (TD) is the most common health complaint among travelers to Tanzania. (cdc.gov)
- No cases of meningococcal disease have been reported in U.S. travelers returning from Kenya or Tanzania. (cdc.gov)
- Because of the potential risk for exposure in Kenya and northern Tanzania, CDC recommends that U.S. travelers to these areas receive the meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Authorities1
- A Chinese woman nicknamed the "Queen of Ivory" has been arrested in Tanzania and charged with smuggling at least 706 elephant tusks that authorities say are worth about $2.5 million. (cnn.com)
Maasai1
- Joseph Oleshangay, a Maasai Human Rights Lawyer, said today: "Yet again, we have witnessed the MEP visit be halted by the Tanzania government. (survivalinternational.org)
Participants2
- As the lead instructor for Amazine Amazon Inc.'s Youth Filmmaking Summer Bootcamp, Tanzania Hughie will inspire and guide participants through the entire filmmaking process. (prlog.org)
- The Youth Filmmaking Summer Bootcamp, led by Tanzania Hughie, will provide participants with a hands-on and interactive experience. (prlog.org)
Refugees1
- With an average number of boats crossing today to Kigoma, Tanzania, the count of Congolese refugees having fled the eight-month war in the Democratic Republic of Congo will Tuesday pass the 50,000 mark, UNHCR staff say. (unhcr.org)
Countries1
- However, Tanzania remains among top 15 countries with a high number of people living with HIV in the world. (unicef.org)
Year2
- Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania, such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils. (wikipedia.org)
- Thanks to the generosity of our supporters, we were able to change the lives of over 853,000 children in Tanzania last year. (savethechildren.org)
Time1
- Fifteen cases of rhinosporidiosis are reported for the first time from Tanzania. (nih.gov)
Infection1
- Giardiasis is endemic to Tanzania with high infection rates among young children. (cdc.gov)
Pediatrics1
- The results of 2 studies, one in India and the other in Tanzania, are published online January 21 in Pediatrics . (medscape.com)
Genetic1
- Siana Nkya, a Fogarty grantee based in Tanzania, has devoted her career to studying the genetic determinants of sickle cell disease, which affects many people around the world, including in the U.S. We hope that US-African partnerships might develop improved, affordable treatments and a cure for all patients with this devastating disease. (nih.gov)
Vaccination1
- The vaccine scheduler table summarizes the current vaccination schedule for young children, adolescents, and adults in United Republic of Tanzania. (who.int)
Page1
- You can use this page to start a discussion with others about how to improve the " Category:2007 in Tanzania " page. (wikipedia.org)
People1
- People traveling anywhere in Tanzania should be advised about the risk for vaccine-preventable diseases, foodborne and waterborne illnesses, malaria and other vectorborne diseases, and traffic injuries. (cdc.gov)
Government2
- The Human Rights Watch report is based on in-depth interviews with 135 girls and women in 12 districts in Tanzania, as well as with government officials, local activists, and international agency personnel. (hrw.org)
- Health financing has become a central issue in Tanzania as the government seeks to improve its health system, with policy debates covering the questions of how funds should be raised, how they should be pooled to spread risks, and how they should be used to provide the services and programmes needed by their populations. (who.int)
Lifetime1
- You can create change that lasts a lifetime for children in Tanzania - in so many ways. (savethechildren.org)
Reduction1
- CDC provides technical assistance to increase Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) in Tanzania as part of the HIV risk-reduction program. (cdc.gov)
Access1
- Access images, information and interactive maps for Anchorages in Tanzania. (marinas.com)
