Surface-Active Agents
Surface Tension
Pulmonary Surfactants
Adsorption
Proteolipids
Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.
Surface Properties
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Water
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Bacteriophage inactivation at the air-water-solid interface in dynamic batch systems. (1/2324)
Bacteriophages have been widely used as surrogates for human enteric viruses in many studies on virus transport and fate. In this investigation, the fates of three bacteriophages, MS2, R17, and phiX174, were studied in a series of dynamic batch experiments. Both MS2 and R17 readily underwent inactivation in batch experiments where solutions of each phage were percolated through tubes packed with varying ratios of glass and Teflon beads. MS2 and R17 inactivation was the result of exposure to destructive forces at the dynamic air-water-solid interface. phiX174, however, did not undergo inactivation in similar studies, suggesting that this phage does not accumulate at air-water interfaces or is not affected by interfacial forces in the same manner. Other batch experiments showed that MS2 and R17 were increasingly inactivated during mixing in polypropylene tubes as the ionic strength of the solution was raised (phiX174 was not affected). By the addition of Tween 80 to suspensions of MS2 and R17, phage inactivation was prevented. Our data suggest that viral inactivation in simple dynamic batch experiments is dependent upon (i) the presence of a dynamic air-water-solid interface (where the solid is a hydrophobic surface), (ii) the ionic strength of the solution, (iii) the concentration of surface active compounds in the solution, and (iv) the type of virus used. (+info)Contrasting effects of a nonionic surfactant on the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols by soil bacteria. (2/2324)
The biotransformation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene and phenanthrene was investigated by using two dioxygenase-expressing bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain 9816/11 and Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B8/36, under conditions which facilitate mass-transfer limited substrate oxidation. Both of these strains are mutants that accumulate cis-dihydrodiol metabolites under the reaction conditions used. The effects of the nonpolar solvent 2,2,4, 4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN) and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 on the rate of accumulation of these metabolites were determined. HMN increased the rate of accumulation of metabolites for both microorganisms, with both substrates. The enhancement effect was most noticeable with phenanthrene, which has a lower aqueous solubility than naphthalene. Triton X-100 increased the rate of oxidation of the PAHs with strain 9816/11 with the effect being most noticeable when phenanthrene was used as a substrate. However, the surfactant inhibited the biotransformation of both naphthalene and phenanthrene with strain B8/36 under the same conditions. The observation that a nonionic surfactant could have such contrasting effects on PAH oxidation by different bacteria, which are known to be important for the degradation of these compounds in the environment, may explain why previous research on the application of the surfactants to PAH bioremediation has yielded inconclusive results. The surfactant inhibited growth of the wild-type strain S. yanoikuyae B1 on aromatic compounds but did not inhibit B8/36 dioxygenase enzyme activity in vitro. (+info)Interaction of tumor and normal blood cells with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide block copolymers. (3/2324)
Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide block copolymers (pluronics) are widely known as agents that promote drug penetration across biological barriers. We have studied the interaction of normal and malignant blood cells with pluronics L61 and P85 that have different hydrophobicity. SP2/0 myeloma cells accumulated pluronics while normal cells adsorb most of the polymer on the surface. Interaction of pluronics with cells resulted in drastic changes of membrane microviscosity. Tumor cell membrane microviscosity decreased after pluronics adsorption, in contrast to normal cells, whose membrane microviscosity was enhanced. We suppose that sensitivity of tumor cell membrane microviscosity to the pluronics action correlates with its permeability for molecular substances. (+info)Effects of surfactant mixtures, including Corexit 9527, on bacterial oxidation of acetate and alkanes in crude oil. (4/2324)
Mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants, including Corexit 9527, were tested to determine their effects on bacterial oxidation of acetate and alkanes in crude oil by cells pregrown on these substrates. Corexit 9527 inhibited oxidation of the alkanes in crude oil by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ATCC 31012, while Span 80, a Corexit 9527 constituent, markedly increased the oil oxidation rate. Another Corexit 9527 constituent, the negatively charged dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT), strongly reduced the oxidation rate. The combination of Span 80 and AOT increased the rate, but not as much as Span 80 alone increased it, which tentatively explained the negative effect of Corexit 9527. The results of acetate uptake and oxidation experiments indicated that the nonionic surfactants interacted with the acetate uptake system while the anionic surfactant interacted with the oxidation system of the bacteria. The overall effect of Corexit 9527 on alkane oxidation by A. calcoaceticus ATCC 31012 thus seems to be the sum of the independent effects of the individual surfactants in the surfactant mixture. When Rhodococcus sp. strain 094 was used, the alkane oxidation rate decreased to almost zero in the presence of a mixture of Tergitol 15-S-7 and AOT even though the Tergitol 15-S-7 surfactant increased the alkane oxidation rate and AOT did not affect it. This indicated that there was synergism between the two surfactants rather than an additive effect like that observed for A. calcoaceticus ATCC 31012. (+info)Proteolytic activation and inactivation of chitin synthetase from Mucor rouxii. (5/2324)
Crude chitin synthetase preparations from the mycelial and yeast forms of Mucor rouxii behaved differently. The mycelial preparations, incubated at 28 degrees C, lost virtually all chitin synthetase activity in a few hours; by contrast, the activity of enzyme preparations from yeast cells increased several fold during similar incubations. These spontaneous changes were probably caused by endogenous protease(s). Seemingly, the chitin synthetase in yeast preparations was present mainly in a latent, 'zymogenic', form that was activated by proteases. In the mycelial preparations, chitin synthetase was present mainly in an active state and was rapidly degraded by endogenous proteolysis. Exogenous proteases accelerated activation and destruction of chitin synthetase; an acid protease from Rhizopus chinensis was the most effective activator. The activation of chitin synthetase was inhibited by a soluble protein in the cell-free extract. Treatment with the detergent Brij 36T stabilized the chitin synthetase of crude preparations against spontaneous changes. Stabilized preparations were rapidly activated by exogenous proteases. The different behaviour of chitin synthetases in crude extracts of mycelium and yeast cells is consistent with, and perhaps partially responsible for, the differences in wall construction between mycelial and yeast forms of M. rouxii. (+info)Phorbol ester-induced disruption of the CD4-Lck complex occurs within a detergent-resistant microdomain of the plasma membrane. Involvement of the translocation of activated protein kinase C isoforms. (6/2324)
Recent studies have highlighted the existence of discrete microdomains at the cell surface that are distinct from caveolae. The function of these microdomains remains unknown. However, recent evidence suggests that they may participate in a subset of transmembrane signaling events. In hematopoietic cells, these low density Triton-insoluble (LDTI) microdomains (also called caveolae-related domains) are dramatically enriched in signaling molecules, such as cell surface receptors (CD4 and CD55), Src family tyrosine kinases (Lyn, Lck, Hck, and Fyn), heterotrimeric G proteins, and gangliosides (GM1 and GM3). Human T lymphocytes have become a well established model system for studying the process of phorbol ester-induced down-regulation of CD4. Here, we present evidence that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced down-regulation of the cell surface pool of CD4 occurs within the LDTI microdomains of T cells. Localization of CD4 in LDTI microdomains was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. PMA-induced disruption of the CD4-Lck complex was rapid (within 5 min), and this disruption occurred within LDTI microdomains. Because PMA is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), we next evaluated the possible roles of different PKC isoforms in this process. Our results indicate that PMA induced the rapid translocation of cytosolic PKCs to LDTI microdomains. We identified PKCalpha as the major isoform involved in this translocation event. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that LDTI microdomains represent a functionally important plasma membrane compartment in T cells. (+info)Polyethylene-glycol, a potent suppressor of azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats. (7/2324)
Bulking fibers and high water intake may decrease colon carcinogenesis in rats, and the risk of colorectal cancer in humans. We speculated that a non-fermented polymer, polyethylene-glycol (PEG) 8000, which increases stool moisture, might protect rats against colon carcinogenesis. Thirty female F344 rats were given a single injection of azoxymethane (20 mg/kg), and 7 days later randomized to AIN76 diets containing PEG (to provide 3 g/kg body wt/day), or no PEG (control). Diets were given ad libitum for 105 days, then colon carcinogenesis was assessed by the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) test. ACF were scored blindly by a single observer. Dietary feeding of PEG almost suppressed ACF larger than one crypt, and strikingly decreased the total number of ACF per rat. PEG-fed rats had 100 times less large ACF than controls (0.8 and 83 respectively, P = 0.00001). PEG-fed rats had 20 times less total ACF than control (six and 107 ACF/rat, respectively; P < 0.0001). Two treated rats had no detectable ACF. PEG is 10 times more potent than other chemopreventive agents in this model. Since PEG is generally recognized as safe, its cancer-preventive features could be tested in humans. (+info)Simultaneous presence of p47(phox) and flavocytochrome b-245 are required for the activation of NADPH oxidase by anionic amphiphiles. Evidence for an intermediate state of oxidase activation. (8/2324)
We have examined the kinetics of NADPH oxidase activation induced by arachidonic acid or SDS in a cell-free system using mixtures of recombinant Phox proteins and purified flavocytochrome b-245. Activation of oxidase activity required the simultaneous presence of p47(phox), flavocytochrome b-245, and the anionic amphiphile. The activation of electron transfer reactions was much more rapid when iodonitrotetrazolium violet was used as electron acceptor than when oxygen alone was the acceptor. We propose that this difference represents an intermediate activation state of NADPH oxidase in which electron flow can proceed from NADPH to enzyme flavin (and hence to iodonitrotetrazolium violet) but not from flavin to heme (or not between the hemes). A model for NADPH oxidase activation is presented that is consistent with these observations. (+info)Surface-active agents, also known as surfactants, are amphiphilic compounds that reduce the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid, allowing easier spreading, mixing, and wetting, and they have various applications in medicine, including as emulsifiers, detergents, solubilizers, and dispersants in pharmaceutical formulations.
Surfactants, also known as surface-active agents, are amphiphilic compounds that reduce the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. They contain both hydrophilic (water-soluble) and hydrophobic (water-insoluble) components in their molecular structure. This unique property allows them to interact with and stabilize interfaces, making them useful in various medical and healthcare applications.
In the medical field, surfactants are commonly used in pulmonary medicine, particularly for treating respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. The lungs of premature infants often lack sufficient amounts of natural lung surfactant, which can lead to RDS and other complications. Exogenous surfactants, derived from animal sources or synthetically produced, are administered to replace the missing or dysfunctional lung surfactant, improving lung compliance and gas exchange.
Surfactants also have applications in topical formulations for dermatology, as they can enhance drug penetration into the skin, reduce irritation, and improve the spreadability of creams and ointments. Additionally, they are used in diagnostic imaging to enhance contrast between tissues and improve visualization during procedures such as ultrasound and X-ray examinations.
'Surface tension' is the inherent property of a liquid's surface that allows it to resist external forces, resulting from cohesive forces between molecules at the interface, which tends to minimize the area of the surface.
Surface tension is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, it is a physical chemistry concept that relates to the cohesive force between liquid molecules, causing the surface of the liquid to contract and have a higher intermolecular force than its bulk.
In a broader sense, surface tension can have implications in certain medical or biological contexts, such as the movement of liquids in the lungs or the stability of lipid bilayers in cell membranes. But it is not a term that is typically used to describe medical conditions or treatments.
Pulmonary surfactants are complex lipoprotein substances naturally produced and secreted by type II alveolar cells that reduce surface tension within the alveoli, thereby preventing collapse during expiration and facilitating easier breathing in lungs.
Pulmonary surfactants are a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that are produced by the alveolar type II cells in the lungs. They play a crucial role in reducing the surface tension at the air-liquid interface within the alveoli, which helps to prevent collapse of the lungs during expiration. Surfactants also have important immunological functions, such as inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria and modulating the immune response. Deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactants can lead to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants and other lung diseases.
'Adsorption' in medical terms refers to the process by which atoms, ions or molecules from a substance, such as gases, liquids or solutes, adhere to the surface of another substance, like a solid or a liquid, often resulting in the modification of the physical or chemical properties of the materials involved.
Adsorption is a process in which atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid accumulate on the surface of a material. This occurs because the particles in the adsorbate (the substance being adsorbed) have forces that attract them to the surface of the adsorbent (the material that the adsorbate is adhering to).
In medical terms, adsorption can refer to the use of materials with adsorptive properties to remove harmful substances from the body. For example, activated charcoal is sometimes used in the treatment of poisoning because it can adsorb a variety of toxic substances and prevent them from being absorbed into the bloodstream.
It's important to note that adsorption is different from absorption, which refers to the process by which a substance is taken up and distributed throughout a material or tissue.
Proteolipids are a class of complex biological molecules consisting of proteins covalently linked to lipids, primarily found in cell membranes and crucial for their structure, function, and signaling processes.
Proteolipids are a type of complex lipid-containing proteins that are insoluble in water and have a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. They are primarily found in the plasma membrane of cells, where they play important roles in maintaining the structural integrity and function of the membrane. Proteolipids are also found in various organelles, including mitochondria, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.
Proteolipids are composed of a hydrophobic protein core that is tightly associated with a lipid bilayer through non-covalent interactions. The protein component of proteolipids typically contains several transmembrane domains that span the lipid bilayer, as well as hydrophilic regions that face the cytoplasm or the lumen of organelles.
Proteolipids have been implicated in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and ion transport. They are also associated with several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. The study of proteolipids is an active area of research in biochemistry and cell biology, with potential implications for the development of new therapies for neurological disorders.
Surface properties in the context of medicine often refer to the characteristics and behaviors of a biomaterial's surface, including its chemistry, topography, energy, and wettability, which can significantly influence cellular response, tissue integration, and overall medical device performance.
Surface properties in the context of medical science refer to the characteristics and features of the outermost layer or surface of a biological material or structure, such as cells, tissues, organs, or medical devices. These properties can include physical attributes like roughness, smoothness, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical properties like charge, reactivity, and composition.
In the field of biomaterials science, understanding surface properties is crucial for designing medical implants, devices, and drug delivery systems that can interact safely and effectively with biological tissues and fluids. Surface modifications, such as coatings or chemical treatments, can be used to alter surface properties and enhance biocompatibility, improve lubricity, reduce fouling, or promote specific cellular responses like adhesion, proliferation, or differentiation.
Similarly, in the field of cell biology, understanding surface properties is essential for studying cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and cell behavior. Cells can sense and respond to changes in their environment, including variations in surface properties, which can influence cell shape, motility, and function. Therefore, characterizing and manipulating surface properties can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular processes and offer new strategies for developing therapies and treatments for various diseases.
Phospholipids are a major class of lipids composed of a hydrophilic head containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails, forming a crucial structural component of cell membranes and involved in various biological processes such as signaling and metabolism.
Phospholipids are a major class of lipids that consist of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails. The head is composed of a phosphate group, which is often bound to an organic molecule such as choline, ethanolamine, serine or inositol. The tails are made up of two fatty acid chains.
Phospholipids are a key component of cell membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and function of the cell. They form a lipid bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and the hydrophobic tails facing inwards, creating a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Phospholipids are also involved in various cellular processes such as signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, and protein function regulation. Additionally, they serve as emulsifiers in the digestive system, helping to break down fats in the diet.
Water is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nearly ubiquitous solvent, forming the basis for many biological processes and serving as a vital component in maintaining homeostasis within living organisms, comprised of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom (H2O).
Medical definitions of water generally describe it as a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for all forms of life. It is a universal solvent, making it an excellent medium for transporting nutrients and waste products within the body. Water constitutes about 50-70% of an individual's body weight, depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass.
In medical terms, water has several important functions in the human body:
1. Regulation of body temperature through perspiration and respiration.
2. Acting as a lubricant for joints and tissues.
3. Facilitating digestion by helping to break down food particles.
4. Transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
5. Helping to maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
6. Assisting in the regulation of various bodily functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate.
Dehydration can occur when an individual does not consume enough water or loses too much fluid due to illness, exercise, or other factors. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Microbial sensitivity tests, also known as antibiograms or antimicrobial susceptibility tests, are laboratory procedures that determine the effectiveness of various antimicrobial agents against specific microorganisms isolated from a patient, helping clinicians make informed decisions for targeted treatment and stewardship of antimicrobials.
Microbial sensitivity tests, also known as antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) or bacterial susceptibility tests, are laboratory procedures used to determine the effectiveness of various antimicrobial agents against specific microorganisms isolated from a patient's infection. These tests help healthcare providers identify which antibiotics will be most effective in treating an infection and which ones should be avoided due to resistance. The results of these tests can guide appropriate antibiotic therapy, minimize the potential for antibiotic resistance, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce unnecessary side effects or toxicity from ineffective antimicrobials.
There are several methods for performing microbial sensitivity tests, including:
1. Disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test): A standardized paper disk containing a predetermined amount of an antibiotic is placed on an agar plate that has been inoculated with the isolated microorganism. After incubation, the zone of inhibition around the disk is measured to determine the susceptibility or resistance of the organism to that particular antibiotic.
2. Broth dilution method: A series of tubes or wells containing decreasing concentrations of an antimicrobial agent are inoculated with a standardized microbial suspension. After incubation, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by observing the lowest concentration of the antibiotic that prevents visible growth of the organism.
3. Automated systems: These use sophisticated technology to perform both disk diffusion and broth dilution methods automatically, providing rapid and accurate results for a wide range of microorganisms and antimicrobial agents.
The interpretation of microbial sensitivity test results should be done cautiously, considering factors such as the site of infection, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antibiotic, potential toxicity, and local resistance patterns. Regular monitoring of susceptibility patterns and ongoing antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential to ensure optimal use of these tests and to minimize the development of antibiotic resistance.
Anti-bacterial agents are substances that inhibit or destroy the growth of bacteria, either by interfering with their metabolism or disrupting their cell structures, thus used in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.
Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.
Drag reducing agent
Surfactant is a very convenient contraction of the term Surface-active agent. It connotes an organic molecule or an ... With a higher temperature, the drag reducing agent is easier to degrade. At a low temperature the drag reducing agent will tend ... These agents are made out of high molecular weight polymers or micellar systems. The polymers help with drag reduction by ... Drag-reducing agents (DRA), or drag-reducing polymers (DRP's), are additives in pipelines that reduce turbulence in a pipe. ...
Wetting solution
Ibrahim, Shaimaa S. (June 2019). "The Role of Surface Active Agents in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review". ... Due to the minimised surface tension, the droplet can now spread thoroughly and form a thin film on the surface. Generally, the ... Extra wetting solution molecules will be forced to form micelles instead of adhering to the surface, hence the surface tension ... Wetting solutions allow efficient spreading and wetting of the surface of skin and scalp by reducing the surface tension ...
Cleaning agent
Some cleaning agents can kill bacteria (e.g. door handle bacteria, as well as bacteria on worktops and other metallic surfaces ... Acidic cleaning agents are mainly used for removal of deposits like scaling. The active ingredients are normally strong mineral ... Cleaning agents or hard-surface cleaners are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used to remove dirt, ... Neutral washing agents are pH-neutral and based on non-ionic surfactants that disperse different types. Scouring agents are ...
Millicent Goldschmidt
Goldschmidt, Millicent C.; Koffler, Henry (September 1950). "Effect of Surface-Active Agents on Penicillin Yields". Industrial ... Goldschmidt has also served on the Board of Education and Training of the ASM and remains active on the advisory board for the ... At age 85, Goldschmidt retired from an active faculty position, though she remains professor emerita at the University of ... Pigno, Mark A.; Goldschmidt, Millicent C.; Lemon, James C. (March 1994). "The efficacy of antifungal agents incorporated into a ...
Sucrose esters
Griffin, W. C. Classification of Surface-Active Agents By. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1949, 1, 311-326. Ontiveros, Jesús F.; Pierlot ... because the deprotonated fatty acid is highly surface active while the protonated fatty acid is not. This state of protonation ... Due to its surface property, sucrose esters are used in pharmaceutical research as a stabilizer or a surfactant on vesicles for ... E473 is allowed for application on fruit surfaces in the EU at whatever level is needed to achieve a technical effect ('quantum ...
A. K. Mukherjee
Surface-Active Agents: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition. ScholarlyEditions. 9 January 2012. pp. 62-. ISBN 978 ...
Pseudomonas clemancea
Surfactants work by reducing surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and a solid. Biosurfactants, surface-active agents ...
Surfactant
... foaming agents, or dispersants. The word "surfactant" is a blend of surface-active agent, coined c. 1950. Surfactants are ... A surfactant (a contraction of surface-active agent) is a substance that, when present at low concentration in a system. has ... Dynamic surface tensions, i.e. surface tension as a function of time, can be obtained by the maximum bubble pressure apparatus ... Surface rheology can be characterized by the oscillating drop method or shear surface rheometers such as double-cone, double- ...
Mahmoud K. Muftić
... surface-active agents). Tubercle, Volume 50, Issue 3, pp. 305-312. DOI: 10.1016/0041-3879(69)90056-7. Muftic MK, and Atia IM ( ... US Patent US 3632584 A Albrecht R, Muftic MK, Schröder E (1973). 5-nitro-furfurylidene antimicrobic agents. US Patent US ... Muftic MK (1958). Advances in the pharmacological study of cerase-A new anti-tuberculous agent. British Journal of Tuberculosis ... supposedly because his killers suspected him of being a Mossad agent. Books Mahmoud K. Muftic: Researches on the Aura Phenomena ...
Piketoprofen
... effect of nonionic surface-active agents". Il Farmaco; Edizione Pratica. 41 (5): 177-83. PMID 3487466. Burgos A, Busquier MP, ...
Cosolvent
These methods include cosolvency, hydrotropism, complexation, ionization, and using surface active agents. The most pervasive ... Due to toxicological concerns, the main agents used for remediation are aqueous solutions of 1-5% alcohols by volume, which can ... and surface tension. Instead, they find that Hildebrand's solubility parameter, Et(30), and interfacial tension correlate more ... surface tension, dielectric constant, interfacial tension, and others. Using naphthalene as a representative case of ...
Surfactants in paint
The word surfactant is short for surface active agent. Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, ... Surfactants lower the surface tension (γ) and thus gibbs energy is gained from demulsification. This slows the process of ... The addition of surfactants to paint also allow the paint to coat a surface more easily because surfactants increase the ... Fluorocarbons help to lower the surface tension of water and other solvents because of their lipophobic nature even in harsh ...
Laundry wastewater
Enzymes and fluorescent whitening agents are added into detergents as auxiliary agents. Surfactants are surface active agents, ... Several common detergent ingredients are surfactants, builders, bleach-active compounds and auxiliary agents. The surfactants ... Wastewater comes out of the laundry process with additional energy (heat), lint, soil, dyes, finishing agents, and other ... With the lipophilic tails, surfactants are biologically active. Anionic surfactants have the ability of binding to bioactive ...
Platinum black
It can also be used as a surface active agent. It is soluble in aqua regia and is formed from a mass of metallic particles. It ... The platinized platinum has a true surface area much higher than the geometrical surface area of the electrode and, therefore, ... Before platinization, the platinum surface is cleaned by immersion in aqua regia (50% solution, i.e., 3 volumes of 12 mol/kg of ... Specific surface area: 40～60m2/g Particle size: < 10 nm Dangerous code: F Dangerous level: R11 Security level: S16 UN Numbers: ...
Ethyl lauroyl arginate hydrochloride
III., Some surface-active properties and antimicrobial activities of the salts of long-chain Nα-acyl-L-arginine esters". ... Then, the antimicrobial agent displays a high binding affinity for the outermost surface of the cytoplasmic membrane (i.e., ... Thus, cationic surfactants are considered a "membrane-active agent". Dra. Manresa et al. investigated the effects caused by LAE ... Shampoo containing LAE showed comparable or superior performance to the classic anti-dandruff active agents, with a better ...
Amine fluoride
"Further Studies on the Influence of Surface Active Agents on Decalcification of the Enamel Surface". Journal of Dental Research ... The amine fluorides are thus available as an active agent for a longer period. Amine fluorides have a slightly acidic pH. For ... Due to their surface activity the amine fluorides are rapidly dispersed in the oral cavity and wet all surfaces. In contrast, ... For this reason, they act like surfactants, reducing the surface tension of saliva, and forming a homogeneous film on all oral ...
Release agent
Reactive release agents are chemically active and work by the process of a chemical reaction between the release agent and the ... Release agents are coated onto some plastic films to prevent adhesives from bonding to the plastic surface. Some release agents ... Barrier release agents prevent adhesion by the development of a physical film or barrier between the forming surface and the ... Release agents provide the critical barrier between a molding surface and the substrate, facilitating separation of the cured ...
Emulsion
An appropriate surface active agent (or surfactant) can increase the kinetic stability of an emulsion so that the size of the ... Emulsifiers are a part of a broader group of compounds known as surfactants, or "surface-active agents". Surfactants are ... they are not surface-active substances, yet they are commonly included in the group of ingredients called "emulsifying agents ... These emulsions act as carriers for active ingredients like vitamins, antioxidants and skin lightening agents to provide ...
Potassium laurate
The Properties of Solutions of Surface Active Agents and the Availabilbity of Antimicrobial Agents from Such Solutions. ... "Potassium laurate - Hazardous Agents , Haz-Map". haz-map.com. Retrieved 6 February 2023. "POTASSIUM LAURATE - Cosmetics ...
Sugarcane mill
Basic steps of this sub-process are: the addition of phosphoric acid; surface-active agents and phosphate, followed by heating ... Another concern is scale formation on the heating surface of the evaporator. The application of a magnetic flow can help to ...
Magnesium monoperoxyphthalate
MMPP is also used as the active ingredient in certain surface disinfectants such as Dismozon Pur. As a surface disinfectant ... Additionally MMPP has been investigated as a potential antibacterial agent for mouthwashes and toothpaste. Carvalho, João F.S ... Its wide surface compatibility enables its use on sensitive materials, such as plastic and rubber equipment used in hospitals. ... Oxidizing agents, Organic peroxy acids, Reagents for organic chemistry, Magnesium compounds). ...
Wet process engineering
Every resin finish recipe contains surfactants as emulsifiers, wetting agents and stabilizers. these surface-active substances ... The dyes are finely ground in the presence of a dispersing agent and sold as a paste, or spray-dried and sold as a powder. ... It is the application of color in the form of a paste or ink to the surface of a fabric, in a predetermined pattern. Printing ... Fresh water: Most water used in the textile industry is from deep well water which is found 800 ft below the surface level. The ...
Synthetic magnesium silicate
The very large active surface makes synthetic magnesium silicate useful for a wide variety of applications: purifying adsorbent ... Various national and international regulations allow use of this material as an anti-caking agent in a wide variety of powdered ... The particles are usually porous, and the BET surface area can range from less than 100 m2/g to several hundred m2/g. ... anti-caking agent (salt); catalyst; catalyst carrier; filter medium. The U.S. Food Chemicals Codex, JECFA, and other monographs ...
Lipid bilayer
"Negative Staining of Phospholipids and Their Structural Modification by Surface-Active Agents As Observed in the Electron ... Refinement of the lipid composition to tune fluidity, surface charge density, and surface hydration resulted in vesicles that ... the two surfaces must become at least partially dehydrated, as the bound surface water normally present causes bilayers to ... When they compared the area of the monolayer to the surface area of the cells, they found a ratio of two to one. Later analyses ...
Alec Bangham
"Negative Staining of Phospholipids and Their Structural Modification by Surface-Active Agents As Observed in the Electron ...
Liposome
"Negative Staining of Phospholipids and Their Structural Modification by Surface-Active Agents As Observed in the Electron ... A liposome design may employ surface ligands for attaching to unhealthy tissue. Based on vesicle structure, there are seven ... Liposomes can be used on their own or in combination with traditional antibiotics as neutralizing agents of bacterial toxins. ... Liposomes are also used as outer shells of some microbubble contrast agents used in contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Until ...
Model lipid bilayer
"Negative staining of phospholipids and their structural modification by surface-active agents as observed in the electron ... In this method, the aperture starts out above the water surface, completely separating the two fluid chambers. On the surface ... Another advantage of the supported bilayer is that, because it is on a flat hard surface, it is amenable to a number of ... These studies would be difficult or impossible without the use of supported bilayers since the surface of a cell or vesicle is ...
Surface chemistry of neural implants
Extended neurites for both the PPy and PEDOT show that the NGF is biologically active. Dexamethasone (DEX) is a glucocorticoid ... that is used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with DEX via oil-in-water emulsion/ ... Needs, R; Mansfield, M (1989). "Calculations of the surface stress tensor and surface energy of the (111) surfaces of iridium, ... Determining optimum surface roughness for neural implants proves to be a challenging topic. Smooth surfaces may be preferable ...
Groundwater remediation
Surfactant-enhanced recovery injects surfactants (surface-active agents that are primary ingredient in soap and detergent) into ... In this process ground water is pumped to the surface and is coupled with either biological or chemical treatments to remove ... In general, the process involves addition of agent to an aqueous waste stream in a stirred reaction vessel, either batchwise or ... Most metals can be converted to insoluble compounds by chemical reactions between the agent and the dissolved metal ions. The ...
Marshmallow
In marshmallows, proteins are the main surface-active agents responsible for the formation, and stabilization of the dispersed ... Due to their structure, surface-active molecules gather at the surface area of a portion of (water-based) liquid. A portion of ... Vegans and vegetarians avoid gelatin, but there are versions which use a substitute non-animal gelling agent such as agar. In ... Marshmallows consist of four ingredients: sugar, water, air, and a whipping agent/aerator (usually a protein). The type of ...
ISO 4311:1979 - Anionic and non-ionic surface active agents - Determination of the critical micellization concentration -...
Method by measuring surface tension with a plate, stirrup or ring ... Anionic and non-ionic surface active agents - Determination of ... Anionic and non-ionic surface active agents - Determination of the critical micellization concentration - Method by measuring ... The method is carried out in the following way: Determination of the surface tension of a series of solutions whose ... Plotting of the graph of surface tension as a function of the logarithm of the concentration: the critical micellization ...
Process for producing surface-active agents from sucrose - Patent US-3018281-A - PubChem
Evaluation of Nordic Swan eco-labelling criteria documents for 8 groups of products containing surface active agents - IVL.se
The investigation assesses 8 Nordic Swan criteria documents for eco-labelling of various product groups containing surface- ... active agents concerning criteria setting and the scoring procedures of products. This study discusses the criteria documents ... Evaluation of Nordic Swan eco-labelling criteria documents for 8 groups of products containing surface active agents. ... assesses 8 Nordic Swan criteria documents for eco-labelling of various product groups containing surface-active agents ...
American Exports of Organic Surface-Active Agents Go Up - Global Trade Magazine
Canada remains the largest importer of organic surface-active agents from the United States, comprising a 55 percent share of ... American Exports of Organic Surface-Active Agents Go Up. In 2020, the amount of organic surface-active agents exported from the ... U.S. Exports of Organic Surface-Active Agents. In 2020, the amount of organic surface-active agents exported from the U.S. ... In 2020, the U.S. average export price for organic surface-active agents grew by +1.8% y-o-y to $2,584 per tonne. ...
UNE 55814:1984 SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS. ETHANOL TO BE USED AS RAW-MATERIAL IN DETERGENT FORMULATIONS. ESTIMATION OF CONTENT OF...
1984 SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS. ETHANOL TO BE USED AS RAW-MATERIAL IN DETERGENT FORMULATIONS. ESTIMATION OF CONTENT OF CARBONYL ... SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS. ETHANOL TO BE USED AS RAW-MATERIAL IN DETERGENT FORMULATIONS. ESTIMATION OF CONTENT OF CARBONYL ... Homepage,UNE standards,UNE 55814:1984 SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS. ETHANOL TO BE USED AS RAW-MATERIAL IN DETERGENT FORMULATIONS. ... This standard UNE 55814:1984 SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS. ETHANOL TO BE USED AS RAW-MATERIAL IN DETERGENT FORMULATIONS. ESTIMATION OF ...
ISO/TC 91 - Surface active agents
Non-ionic surface-active agents obtained from ethylene oxide and mixed non-ionic surface-active agents - Determination of cloud ... Surface active agents - Detergents - Determination of cationic-active matter content - Part 2: Cationic-active matter of low ... Surface active agents - Detergents - Determination of cationic-active matter content - Part 2: Cationic-active matter of low ... Surface active agents - Detergents - Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration ...
surface-active agent
A surface-active substance that when added to water lowers surface tension and increases the "wetting" capabilities of the ... Reduced surface tension allows water to spread and to penetrate fabric or other substances to be washed or cleaned. There are ... three categories of surfactants: detergents, wetting agents, and emulsifiers. "Surfactant" is a contraction for surface-active ...
Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 21 Issue 1
Surface active agents from alkylnaphthalenes. Part I: Synthesis of new surfactants from 2-alkylnaphthalenes ... Surface active agents from alkylnaphthalenes. Part II: New surfactants from Egyptian Petroleum paraffins ... physics and application technology of surface-active substances (surfactants). The journal is aimed at scientists from industry ...
ISO 2871-1:2010 - Surface active agents - Detergents - Determination of cationic-active matter
2010 specifies a method for the determination of high-molecular-mass cationic-active materials such as quaternary ammonium ... active cationique -. Partie 1:. Matière active cationique à haute masse. moléculaire. Surface active agents - Detergents - ... ISO 2871-1:2010 - Agents de su.... INTERNATIONAL ISO. STANDARD 2871-1. Second edition. 2010-02-15. Surface active agents - ... Determination of cationic-active matter. content -. Part 1:. High-molecular-mass cationic-active. matter. Agents de surface - ...
ISO 696:1975 - Surface active agents - Measurement of foaming power - Modified Ross-Miles method
Surface active agents - Measurement of foaming power - Modified Ross-Miles method ... Surface active agents. Measurement of foaming power. Modified Ross-Miles method. Status : Published (Under review) This ... This method is applicable to all surface active agents, but solutions of easy-hydrolizable substances do not give reliable ... After 500 ml of a solution of the substance to be tested have flowed down from a height of 450 mm onto the surface of the same ...
ISO 21703:2019 - Surface active agents - Microbiology - Microbiological test methods for liquid hand dishwashing
Projects - yet2
The EPA National Library Catalog | EPA National Library Network | US EPA
Surface active agents--Congresses ; Quimica Coloidal ; Surfactants--Congrès Additional Subjects. Surface active agents-- ... Surface active agents--Congresses ; Solution (Chemistry)--Congresses Holdings. Library. Call Number. Additional Info. Location ... Surface active agents--Congresses ; Solution (Chemistry)--Congresses ; Micelles--Congresses Holdings. Library. Call Number. ... Respiratory allergy--Congresses ; Lungs--Dust diseases--Congresses ; Surface active agents--Congresses Holdings. Library. Call ...
Evaluation of Nordic Swan eco-labelling criteria documents for 8 groups of products containing surface active agents - IVL.se
The investigation assesses 8 Nordic Swan criteria documents for eco-labelling of various product groups containing surface- ... active agents concerning criteria setting and the scoring procedures of products. This study discusses the criteria documents ... Evaluation of Nordic Swan eco-labelling criteria documents for 8 groups of products containing surface active agents. ... assesses 8 Nordic Swan criteria documents for eco-labelling of various product groups containing surface-active agents ...
Drag reducing agent - Wikipedia
Surfactant is a very convenient contraction of the term Surface-active agent. It connotes an organic molecule or an ... With a higher temperature, the drag reducing agent is easier to degrade. At a low temperature the drag reducing agent will tend ... These agents are made out of high molecular weight polymers or micellar systems. The polymers help with drag reduction by ... Drag-reducing agents (DRA), or drag-reducing polymers (DRPs), are additives in pipelines that reduce turbulence in a pipe. ...
Randomized double-masked trial of eyelid cleansing treatments for blepharitis
However, only the dedicated eyelid cleanser proved effective in reducing ocular surface inflammation, and was the preferred ... Surface-Active Agents / therapeutic use * Treatment Outcome * Young Adult Substances * Biomarkers * Detergents ... However, only the dedicated eyelid cleanser proved effective in reducing ocular surface inflammation, and was the preferred ... Tear film parameters, ocular surface characteristics, symptomology and cytology markers were assessed at baseline and day 28. ...
Energies | Free Full-Text | Waste Mandarin Peel as an Eco-Friendly Water-Based Drilling Fluid Additive
Foaming agents. Acting as surface active agents to foam into water.. Nonionic surfactants, contain polymeric materials. ... Surface tension decreasing, changing the colloidal state of clay.. Emulsifiers, demulsifiers, wetting agents, flocculants, ... Zoom , Orient , As Lines , As Sticks , As Cartoon , As Surface , Previous Scene , Next Scene ... which means that the desired drilling fluid density must be achieved by the use of weighting agents. Weighting agents, such as ...
Glossary | Infection Prevention & Control in Dental Settings | Division of Oral Health | CDC
Surfactants: surface-active agents that reduce surface tension. They help cleaning by loosening, emulsifying, and holding soil ... Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): a serologic marker on the surface of HBV. It can be detected in high levels in serum ... Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (anti-HBs): the protective antibody against the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg). ... These are waterless antiseptic agents not requiring the use of exogenous water. After applying such an agent, the hands are ...
GST Rate & HSN Code for prepared waxes, Soap, , washing preparations, lubricating preparations, organic surface-active agents...
... containing cleanser or other natural surface-dynamic specialists (heading 3305, 3306 or 3307). ... ORGANIC SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS (OTHER THAN SOAP), SURFACE-ACTIVE PREPARATIONS, WASHING PREPARATIONS (INCLUDING AUXILIARY WASHING ... ORGANIC SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS (OTHER THAN SOAP), SURFACE-ACTIVE PREPARATIONS, WASHING PREPARATIONS (INCLUDING AUXILIARY WASHING ... ORGANIC SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS (OTHER THAN SOAP), SURFACE-ACTIVE PREPARATIONS, WASHING PREPARATIONS (INCLUDING AUXILIARY WASHING ...
Types Of Cleaning Detergents | GSA
A surfactant (Surface Active Agent).. *Soaps are produced from naturally occurring fats and oils. ... A lower surface tension allows the soap to come in contact with greater surface area than with water alone. ... Better than paraffin and white spirit in removing wax, oil and grease because of the presence of an emulsifying agent in the ... Multiple applications may cause damage to the surface.. *Contact of bronze or copper with alkaline cleaners will cause the ...
Coatings | Special Issue : Advanced Coatings for Manufacturing Prosthetic Tubular Devices
Preparation and Applications of Biological Active Agents. Topical Collection in Coatings: Feature Paper Collection in Surface ... and how released agents influence the bone-implant surface interface characteristics are discussed. This paper also highlights ... and antitumoral activities induced by the coating or due to the release of biologically active agents. ... A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Coatings for Biomedicine and ...
1032/126 stjórnartillaga: Árósasamningur um aðgang að upplýsingum | Þingtíðindi | Alþingi
xi) Surface-active agents and surfactants; (b) Chemical installations for the production of basic inorganic chemicals, such as ... Quarries and opencast mining where the surface of the site exceeds 25 hectares, or peat extraction, where the surface of the ... Installations for surface treatment of metals and plastic materials using an electrolytic or chemical process where the volume ... Installations for the surface treatment of substances, objects or products using organic solvents, in particular for dressing, ...
Medical Dictionary, Dictionary of medicine and human biology, medical, biological and chemical terminology
Mono-p-isooctyl phenyl ether of polyethylene glycol; a surface-active (wetting) agent. ocular (ok′u-lar). 1. SYN: ophthalmic. 2 ... An anticholinergic agent. octan (ok′tan). Applied to fever, the paroxysms of which recur every eighth day, the day of a ... an arrangement of teeth that places their occlusal surfaces on the surface of an imaginary sphere (usually 8 inches in diameter ... 4. The relationship between the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when they are in contact. [L. oc- cludo ...
Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and Imports) (OECD Decision) Amendment Regulations 1999 (No. 1)
2-Ethylhexanol Derivatives as Nonionic Surfactants: Synthesis and Properties | Journal of Surfactants and Detergents
Surface active agents have a wide range of applications. Approximately 60 % of all surfactants are used in cleaning ... These fatty alcohols which are commonly used in the synthesis of surface active agents usually have between 11 and 18 carbon ... Surface Activity. The surface-active properties of the series of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol derivatives are summarized in Table 2. ... 0 is the surface tension of pure solvent and γ CMC is the surface tension of the solution at the CMC. Surface pressure at the ...
Webinar: Improve visibility across the modern attack surface with Nessus Expert! | Tenable®
Explore how you can improve visibility across the modern attack surface and protect your organisation by prioritising your ... Continuously detect and respond to Active Directory attacks. No agents. No privileges.. On-prem and in the cloud. ... Your modern attack surface is exploding. Learn how you can see and understand the full cyber risk across your enterprise ... Improve visibility across the modern attack surface with UPGRADED Nessus !. Explore how you can improve visibility across the ...
EUR-Lex - 02008R0429-20210327 - EN - EUR-Lex
If the active component of the additive is a mixture of active substances or agents, each of which is clearly definable ( ... For fish farmed in land-based systems the effluent flowing to surface water is considered to pose the major environmental risk. ... The active substance(s)/agent(s) and all other components of the additive shall be listed, giving the proportion by weight in ... 2.3.1. Active substance(s)/agent(s) A description of the production process (e.g. chemical synthesis, fermentation, cultivation ...
Curcumin, a Multifaceted Hormetic Agent, Mediates an Intricate Crosstalk between Mitochondrial Turnover, Autophagy, and...
Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is followed by PINK1 accumulation at the surface which phosphorylates PARKIN. Active ... More precisely, curcumin can act as a chelating agent (presumably bidentate) for Fe2+ [28], Fe3+ [29, 30], and Cu2+ [14, 31] ( ... A key active site of curcumin for biological reactions is the diketo group, which acts as the primary hydrogen affinity site at ... All three active sites of curcumin may be oxidized by electron transfer and hydrogen abstraction. All three sites in curcumin ...
Languages
SurfactantsDetergentsDeterminationEthyleneAnionicTensionSurfactantOrganic surface-activeSynthesisFoamNonionicAqueousTherapeuticNanoparticlesAntisepticAntigenSuspensionsSituQuaternaryWaterConcentrationsCriticalParametersBiologicalAdditivesSearchChemicalAssessmentConcentrationTemperatureCommonlyHumanProductsToxicFabricAreasAPPLICATIONFoundActivityWide rangeAmountPropertiesMaterialSampling techniquesLowerTypesProcessDiseaseOpen
Surfactants8
- There are three categories of surfactants: detergents, wetting agents, and emulsifiers. (idealh2o.com)
- Drag reducing agents can be broadly classified under the following four categories - Polymers, Solid-particle suspensions, Biological additives, and Surfactants. (wikipedia.org)
- To safeguard against degradation at high temperature, a different class of drag reducing agents are at times used, namely, surfactants. (wikipedia.org)
- All three classes of surfactants, namely, anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, have been successfully tried as drag-reducing agents. (wikipedia.org)
- In the broad sense, a foaming agent refers to all surfactants or surface-active substances whose aqueous solution can produce a large amount of foam when air is introduced. (cie-china.org)
- Surfactants have good surface activity and are excellent reagents for preparing foaming agents. (cie-china.org)
- The active electrical effect can slow down the drainage speed inside the foam and increase the stability of the foam, thus denying the view that the anionic and cationic surfactants may be inactivated after compounding. (cie-china.org)
- Surfactants, or surface active agents, are chemicals we use daily in shampoo, in soap, in anything that produces foam. (ucalgary.ca)
Detergents1
- washing hands with water and soap or detergents containing an antiseptic agent. (cdc.gov)
Determination2
- The method is carried out in the following way: Determination of the surface tension of a series of solutions whose concentrations bracket the critical micellization concentration. (iso.org)
- ISO 2871-1:2010 specifies a method for the determination of high-molecular-mass cationic-active materials such as quaternary ammonium compounds in which two of the alkyl groups each contain 10 or more carbon atoms, e.g. distearyl-dimethyl-ammonium chlorides, or salts of imidazoline or 3-methylimidazoline in which long-chain acylaminoethyl and alkyl groups are substituted in the 1- and 2-positions, respectively. (iteh.ai)
Ethylene2
- The enzyme was found to be inactivated by the metal chelating agent, ethylene diamine tetracetate (EDTA) at 5 X 10-3 and 5 X 10-4 M concentrations. (who.int)
- Examples of direct-acting elec- all have an impact on the outcome trophilic carcinogens are formalde- The term "genotoxic" refers to an of this proces s (Arana and Kunkel, hyde, sulfur mustard, and ethylene agent that induces DNA damage, 2010) . (who.int)
Anionic1
- The method is not applicable if anionic surface active agents are present. (iteh.ai)
Tension6
- Plotting of the graph of surface tension as a function of the logarithm of the concentration: the critical micellization concentration corresponds to a singular point on this curve. (iso.org)
- A surface-active substance that when added to water lowers surface tension and increases the "wetting" capabilities of the water. (idealh2o.com)
- Reduced surface tension allows water to spread and to penetrate fabric or other substances to be washed or cleaned. (idealh2o.com)
- Furthermore, surface activity parameters, i.e. surface tension ( γ CMC ) and critical micelle concentrations were determined. (springer.com)
- Aqueous solutions of benzalkonium chloride foam when shaken, have a low surface tension and possess detergent and emulsifying properties (Wade & Weller, 1994). (inchem.org)
- The foaming agent for cement is an admixture that can reduce the surface tension of the liquid and produce a large amount of uniform and stable foam, which is used to produce foamed concrete. (cie-china.org)
Surfactant4
- Surfactant" is a contraction for surface-active agent. (idealh2o.com)
- Surfactant is a very convenient contraction of the term Surface-active agent. (wikipedia.org)
- This kind of content is a surfactant or a surface-active material. (cie-china.org)
- Rosin resin foaming agent is the earliest and most popular surfactant foaming agent. (cie-china.org)
Organic surface-active1
- American exports of organic surface-active agent exports increased by +5.6% y-o-y to $3.5B in 2020. (globaltrademag.com)
Synthesis2
- These fatty alcohols which are commonly used in the synthesis of surface active agents usually have between 11 and 18 carbon atoms per molecule. (springer.com)
- As the structure-directing agent in the synthesis of MSNs, CTAC is stored within MSNs. (rsc.org)
Foam5
- After 500 ml of a solution of the substance to be tested have flowed down from a height of 450 mm onto the surface of the same solution, the volume of foam formed is measured, This method is applicable to all surface active agents, but solutions of easy-hydrolizable substances do not give reliable results because the hydrolysis products accumulate in the liquid films and affect the steadiness of the foam. (iso.org)
- Cement foaming agent s are mainly used for making lightweight foam concrete products such as CLC blocks, thin partition boards, foamed cement insulation boards, foamed cement ground roadbed toilet backfill, and roof insulation. (cie-china.org)
- The cellular concrete foaming agent is a kind of substance that can cause its aqueous solution to generate a large amount of foam when mechanical force is introduced into the air. (cie-china.org)
- The narrowly defined foaming agent refers to those that can not only produce a large amount of foam but also have excellent properties. (cie-china.org)
- but because the surface film layer of the foam contains more water, the drainage speed is faster, and the foam is stable. (cie-china.org)
Nonionic1
- Treatment of the particulate enzyme with 0.1 present and 0.5 present (v/v) of the nonionic surface active agent, Triton X - 100, solubilized 71 percent and 76 percent of the invertase. (who.int)
Aqueous1
- The method is applicable to solids or to aqueous solutions of the active material. (iteh.ai)
Therapeutic1
- 9 Although the design of nanoparticles with triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP, the mitochondrion-targeting moiety) offers potential for mitochondrion-targeting therapeutics, it is still a challenge to actively deliver therapeutic agents to mitochondria due to the selective permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. (rsc.org)
Nanoparticles1
- To this end, we report cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles conjugated with human serum albumin (CTAC@MSNs-HSA) as a mitochondrion-targeting agent for anticancer treatment. (rsc.org)
Antiseptic3
Antigen1
- Interferons are thought to alter response to surface antigen and may enhance immune cell activities. (medscape.com)
Suspensions1
- Percutaneous or parenteral inoculation and direct contact of cuts, scratches, abrasions, or mucosal surfaces with suspensions of virus or specimens containing live virus are considered potential routes of infection. (cdc.gov)
Situ1
- Additionally, they are used in industrial cleaning (e.g. in situ ) and as disinfection agents providing veterinary hygiene. (springer.com)
Quaternary1
- Quaternary ammonium compounds are the active ingredients in disinfectants and sanitizers for homes, farms, hospitals, offices and public transportation vehicles. (inchem.org)
Water6
- and diminish the surface pressure of water 4.5 X 10-2 N/m (45 dyne/Cm) or less. (setupfilings.com)
- This study examined effects of blending desalinated water with conventionally treated surface water on iron corrosion and release from corroding metal surfaces and pre-existing scales exposed to waters having varying fractions of desalinated water, alkalinities, pH values and orthophosphate levels. (who.int)
- However, higher fractions of desalinated water in the blends were also associated with more fragile corroding surfaces, lower retention of iron oxidation products and release of larger iron particles in the bulk water. (who.int)
- SEM, XRD and XANES data showed that in surface water, a dense layer of amorphous ferrihydrite phase predominated in the corrosion products. (who.int)
- More crystalline surface phases developed in the presence of desalinated water. (who.int)
- It is generally rife in rural areas where stagnant surface waters such as water pools, backwaters and unprotected traditional wells are the main source of drinking water. (who.int)
Concentrations1
- The swabs were individually placed in ster- logical agents dispersed outdoors at very high concentrations ile, dry 15-mL conical tubes. (cdc.gov)
Critical2
- Explore how you can improve visibility across the modern attack surface and protect your organisation by prioritising your critical vulnerabilities, securing your cloud environments and gaining visibility into your internet-facing assets. (tenable.com)
- Ail confers serum resistance in humans and is a critical virulence factor of Y. pestis, the causative agent of plague. (cdc.gov)
Parameters1
- Tear film parameters, ocular surface characteristics, symptomology and cytology markers were assessed at baseline and day 28. (nih.gov)
Biological1
- A key active site of curcumin for biological reactions is the diketo group, which acts as the primary hydrogen affinity site at physiological pH [ 1 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Additives1
- Drag-reducing agents (DRA), or drag-reducing polymers (DRP's), are additives in pipelines that reduce turbulence in a pipe. (wikipedia.org)
Search1
- The magnitude of the disease became better known after active national case search surveys had been conducted. (who.int)
Chemical2
- control systems for drilling to avoid unsafe roof conditions, safety enhancements for rock scaling personnel, chemical hazards at active metal and nonmetal mines, mobile roof support technology, engineering controls for reducing surface mining health hazards, skeletal modeling for protective mine gear, accident reconstruction and training, injury prevention during drilling and bolting operations, hazard reduction in surface mining of sand and gravel, and hazard reduction for surface mining haulage equipment. (cdc.gov)
- The classic examples of necessarily be processed by the cel replication fidelity can confer strong chemical agents that require met- into a mutation (see Chapter 12, by mutator phenotypes that result in ge- abolic activation to become carci- DeMarini). (who.int)
Assessment3
- Bonus segment - A live demo on the upgraded Nessus expert showcasing vulnerability assessment on both traditional IT infrastructure and new areas of the modern attack surface. (tenable.com)
- Vulnerability Assessment featuring Infrastructure as code (IAC) and External Attack Surface Assessment and much more! (tenable.com)
- To achieve wide dissemination modulating factors mentioned by the acteristics that distinguish them as and assessment, these key char- Workshop participants is meant to carcinogenic agents. (who.int)
Concentration1
- Mild to severe caustic burns of the skin and mucous membranes can occur depending on the agent and the concentration. (inchem.org)
Temperature4
- Because of this, the drag reducing agent is re-injected after points like pumps and turns, where the pressure and temperature can be extra high. (wikipedia.org)
- With a higher temperature, the drag reducing agent is easier to degrade. (wikipedia.org)
- At a low temperature the drag reducing agent will tend to cluster together. (wikipedia.org)
- The emulsions were obtained with the aid of three different surface-active agents at room temperature. (cdc.gov)
Commonly1
- The agents documented and list- ed that carcinogens commonly show tween tumour sites in humans and ed as carcinogenic to humans one or more of 10 key characteristics experimental animals. (who.int)
Human1
- The fibrinolytic potential of human urine was first described in 1947, and the active molecule was named urokinase. (medscape.com)
Products2
- The investigation assesses 8 Nordic Swan criteria documents for eco-labelling of various product groups containing surface-active agents concerning criteria setting and the scoring procedures of products. (ivl.se)
- Vaccines are biologically prepared products, which provide active acquired immunity to diseases such as cholera, polio, rotavirus, smallpox, yellow fever and others. (medgadget.com)
Toxic1
- Such agents may be administered up to 4 times daily, but they should not be given to patients with active colitis, because of the risk of developing toxic megacolon . (medscape.com)
Fabric1
- This document is applicable to fabric conditioners and antistatic agents. (iteh.ai)
Areas1
- Sampling focused on areas in the (105-108 agent-containing particles/m2). (cdc.gov)
APPLICATION1
- However, the lack of mitochondrion-targeting agents has limited their application. (rsc.org)
Found2
- Drag reducing agents have been found useful in reducing turbulence in the shipbuilding industry, for fire-fighting operations, oil-well fracturing processes, in irrigation systems and in central heating devices. (wikipedia.org)
- In this study, we asked, is bactericidal sera from humans active in Y. pestis colonized fleas We found it was not. (cdc.gov)
Activity3
- The essence of the foaming agent is its surface activity. (cie-china.org)
- Without surface activity, it cannot be foamed, and it cannot be a foaming agent. (cie-china.org)
- Surface activity is the core of foaming. (cie-china.org)
Wide range1
- Surface active agents have a wide range of applications. (springer.com)
Amount1
- Ail reduced the amount of active C3b on the Y. pestis surface. (cdc.gov)
Properties1
- It connotes an organic molecule or an unformulated compound having surface-active properties. (wikipedia.org)
Material2
- the microbiological load (i.e., number of viable organisms in or on the object or surface) or organic material on a surface or object prior to decontamination, or sterilization, also known as "bioload" or "microbial load. (cdc.gov)
- The foaming agent for lightweight concrete is an essential material for making foamed cement. (cie-china.org)
Sampling techniques1
- Two surface sampling techniques were used. (cdc.gov)
Lower1
- 3. Any contact between the incising or masticating surfaces of the upper and lower teeth. (theodora.com)
Types2
- There are two types of blowing agents. (cie-china.org)
- En Égypte, les isolats des patients étaient de types ERIC VII, VIII et IX et correspondaient à ceux des tubulures des appareils d'aspiration et de respiration artificielle et des cuvettes. (who.int)
Process1
- The atomic structure of surfaces is also interesting because this is where most of the chemistry actually takes places, small changes in the atomic arrangement can drastically affect the efficiency of process. (lu.se)
Disease5
- A vaccine comprise an agent resembling to the disease causing microorganism. (medgadget.com)
- The vaccines are generally developed from live attenuated or killed forms of the disease causing microorganism, its toxins, or its surface proteins. (medgadget.com)
- Chronic diarrhea in Crohn disease responds well to antidiarrheal agents such as loperamide (2-4 mg), diphenoxylate with atropine (1 tablet), and tincture of opium (8-15 drops). (medscape.com)
- According to a systematic review, antituberculosis therapy, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, 5-nitroimidazoles, and rifaximin (alone or in combination) have been shown to induce remission in active Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. (medscape.com)
- The 5-ASA derivative agents are used to treat mild-to-moderate Crohn disease and to maintain remission. (medscape.com)
Open1
- Active membership is open to licensed travel agents and tour operators in Singapore. (gtp.gr)
