Sulfones
Penicillanic Acid
Dapsone
Organic Chemistry Phenomena
Sulfoxides
Molecular Structure
Stereoisomerism
beta-Lactamases
Structure-Activity Relationship
Mutant p53 can provoke apoptosis in p53-deficient Hep3B cells with delayed kinetics relative to wild-type p53. (1/2198)
Wild-type (wt) p53 frequently induces apoptosis when expressed in tumor cells whereas mutant p53 acts as an oncoprotein and consequently, stimulates cell proliferation. We report here exceptions to that rule. p53 conformational mutant 175H and DNA contact mutant 273H provoke apoptosis in human p53-deficient Hep3B hepatoma cells with delayed kinetics relative to wt p53. Similarly, c-Myc strongly stimulates apoptosis in these cells. In contrast, viral oncoproteins E1A and E7, and the cellular oncoprotein MDM-2, fail to elicit cytocidal responses. Efficient apoptotic cell death by mutant p53 requires oligomerization as 175H and 273H with deletions between amino acid residues 326 and 347 of the oligomerization domain are nontoxic. Apoptosis by mutant or wt p53 was significantly inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor AEBSF but not by the inactive analog AEBSA. Together, these results suggest that a wt p53-independent control mechanism is operational in Hep3B cells that eliminates cells upon sensing illegitimate proliferation signals originating from certain oncoproteins, including mutant p53 and Myc. We suggest that some tumor cell types lack p53 altogether because they tolerate neither wild-type nor mutant forms of the protein. (+info)Adenosine inhibits the transfected Na+-H+ exchanger NHE3 in Xenopus laevis renal epithelial cells (A6/C1). (2/2198)
1. Adenosine influences the vectorial transport of Na+ and HCO3- across kidney epithelial cells. However, its action on effector proteins, such as the Na+-H+ exchanger NHE3, an epithelial brush border isoform of the Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE) gene family, is not yet defined. 2. The present study was conducted in Xenopus laevis distal nephron A6 epithelia which express both an apical adenosine receptor of the A1 type (coupled to protein kinase C (PKC)) and a basolateral receptor of the A2 type (coupled to protein kinase A (PKA)). The untransfected A6 cell line expresses a single NHE type (XNHE) which is restricted to the basolateral membrane and which is activated by PKA. 3. A6 cell lines were generated which express exogenous rat NHE3. Measurements of side-specific pHi recovery from acid loads in the presence of HOE694 (an inhibitor with differential potency towards individual NHE isoforms) detected an apical resistant Na+-H+ exchange only in transfected cell lines. The sensitivity of the basolateral NHE to HOE694 was unchanged, suggesting that exogenous NHE3 was restricted to the apical membrane. 4. Stimulation of the apical A1 receptor with N 6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) inhibited both apical NHE3 and basolateral XNHE. These effects were mimicked by the addition of the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and partially prevented by the PKC inhibitor calphostin C which also blocked the effect of PMA. 5. Stimulation of the basolateral A2 receptor with CPA inhibited apical NHE3 and stimulated basolateral XNHE. These effects were mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP and partially prevented by the PKA inhibitor H89 which entirely blocked the effect of 8-bromo-cAMP. 6. In conclusion, CPA inhibits rat NHE3 expressed apically in A6 epithelia via both the apical PKC-coupled A1 and the basolateral PKA-coupled A2 adenosine receptors. (+info)Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on intracellular pH, intracellular calcium, cell shortening and L-type calcium currents in rat myocytes. (3/2198)
OBJECTIVE: We have studied the mechanisms underlying the positive inotropic action of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) by monitoring intracellular calcium transients, intracellular pH, L-type calcium currents and cell shortening in isolated ventricular myocytes. METHODS: Rat myocytes were loaded with fura-2AM for intracellular calcium measurements, or BCECF-AM for pH measurements. Cell shortening was recorded using an edge detection system, and L-type calcium currents measured using whole cell patch clamping. RESULTS: PGF2 alpha (3 nmol l-1-3 mumol l-1 increased single myocyte shortening and reduced resting cell length in a concentration-dependent manner. While myocyte shortening was increased by PGF2 alpha, this was not associated with any change in the amplitude of intracellular calcium transients, diastolic calcium, or L-type calcium currents. However, the same myocytes were capable of responding to catecholamines with increases in calcium transient amplitude and L-type calcium currents. PGF2 alpha (3 mumol l-1 caused a reversible rise in intracellular pH of 0.08 +/- 0.01 pH units (n = 5, p < 0.05). The Na(+)-H+ exchanger inhibitor, HOE 694 (10 mumol l-1, abolished the PGF2 alpha-induced rise in pH and the increase in cell shortening. PGF2 alpha-induced increases in cell shortening and intracellular pH were also attenuated by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, chelerythrine (2 mumol l-1. CONCLUSION: The positive inotropic action of PGF2 alpha appears to be mediated via activation of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger with the possible involvement of PKC. This suggests that PGF2 alpha-produces intracellular alkalosis, which then sensitizes cardiac myofilaments to calcium. (+info)Implication of endogenous nitric oxide in gastric mucosal protective effect of T-593, a novel anti-ulcer agent, in rats. (4/2198)
The relationship of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) to the gastric mucosal protective effect of the novel anti-ulcer agent T-593, (+/-)-(E)-1-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[2-[[[5-(methylamino) methyl-2-furyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-2-(methylsulfonyl) guanidine, was investigated in rats. T-593 (3-30 mg/kg, p.o.) dose dependently prevented the formation of gastric mucosal lesions induced by oral administration of aspirin (200 mg/kg) in 0.15 N HCl (HCl-aspirin). Pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), a selective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), attenuated the mucosal protective effect of T-593. This effect of L-NAME was antagonized by pretreatment with L-arginine, a substrate of NOS, but not with D-arginine. Activity of total NOS composed of inducible and constitutive NOS in the gastric mucosa was decreased by HCl-aspirin, and T-593 inhibited this decrease. On the other hand, HCl-aspirin and T-593 did not affect inducible NOS activity in the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, we confirmed that T-593 inhibits the decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) induced by HCl-aspirin, and this effect is completely inhibited by pretreatment with L-NAME. These results suggest that the mucosal protective effect of T-593 is partly mediated by endogenous NO via improvement of GMBF and that a possible mechanism for the effect of T-593 is the maintenance of constitutive NOS activity in gastric mucosa. (+info)Cytochrome P-450-dependent bioactivation of 1,1-dichloroethylene to a reactive epoxide in human lung and liver microsomes. (5/2198)
We investigated the cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of 1, 1-dichloroethylene (DCE) by human lung and liver microsomes and compared the results from analogous experiments in mice. Metabolites were identified by HPLC analysis of their glutathione conjugates and/or hydrolyzed products and were detected by using [14C]DCE. The role of human CYP2E1 in the metabolic reactions was examined by comparing p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activities with levels of metabolites formed and by using the CYP2E1-selective inhibitor diallyl sulfone. The major products formed in microsomal incubations containing NADPH were the DCE-epoxide-derived glutathione conjugates 2-(S-glutathionyl)acetyl glutathione and 2-S-glutathionyl acetate. Lower levels of the acetal of 2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde were also detected. In lung samples from eight patients, the amounts of epoxide-derived conjugates formed ranged from 15.6 +/- 4.23 to 34.9 +/- 12.75 pmol/mg protein/min. The levels in murine lung were higher at 40.0 +/- 3.8 pmol/mg protein/min. In liver samples from five patients, conjugate levels ranged from 46.5 +/- 8.3 to 240.0 +/- 10. 5 pmol/mg protein/min, whereas levels in murine liver were 83.0 +/- 6.2 pmol/mg protein/min. Conjugate levels formed in human liver correlated with the relative levels of p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity present, but this relationship was equivocal in human lung. Diallyl sulfone inhibited the formation of the glutathione conjugates (20-65%) in liver samples from all four patients, whereas only one of five human lung samples exhibited this inhibition (27%). These results demonstrated that the DCE-epoxide is a major metabolite formed by human microsomes and is mediated by CYP2E1 in liver and in some individuals in lung. (+info)Effects of specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 on sodium balance, hemodynamics, and vasoactive eicosanoids. (6/2198)
Conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit both cyclooxygenase (Cox) isoforms (Cox-1 and Cox-2) and may be associated with nephrotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to assess the renal effects of the specific Cox-2 inhibitor, MK-966. Healthy older adults (n = 36) were admitted to a clinical research unit, placed on a fixed sodium intake, and randomized under double-blind conditions to receive the specific Cox-2 inhibitor, MK-966 (50 mg every day), a nonspecific Cox-1/Cox-2 inhibitor, indomethacin (50 mg t.i.d.), or placebo for 2 weeks. All treatments were well tolerated. Both active regimens were associated with a transient but significant decline in urinary sodium excretion during the first 72 h of treatment. Blood pressure and body weight did not change significantly in any group. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was decreased by indomethacin but was not changed significantly by MK-966 treatment. Thromboxane biosynthesis by platelets was inhibited by indomethacin only. The urinary excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha was decreased by both MK-966 and indomethacin and was unchanged by placebo. Cox-2 may play a role in the systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin in healthy humans. Selective inhibition of Cox-2 by MK-966 caused a clinically insignificant and transient retention of sodium, but no depression of GFR. Inhibition of both Cox isoforms by indomethacin caused transient sodium retention and a decline in GFR. Our data suggest that acute sodium retention by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in healthy elderly subjects is mediated by the inhibition of Cox-2, whereas depression of GFR is due to inhibition of Cox-1. (+info)Expression and alteration of the S2 subsite of the Leishmania major cathepsin B-like cysteine protease. (7/2198)
The mature form of the cathepsin B-like protease of Leishmania major (LmajcatB) is a 243 amino acid protein belonging to the papain family of cysteine proteases and is 54% identical to human-liver cathepsin B. Despite the high identity and structural similarity with cathepsin B, LmajcatB does not readily hydrolyse benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (Z-Arg-Arg-AMC), which is cleaved by cathepsin B enzymes. It does, however, hydrolyse Z-Phe-Arg-AMC, a substrate typically cleaved by cathepsin L and B enzymes. Based upon computer generated protein models of LmajcatB and mammalian cathepsin B, it was predicted that this variation in substrate specificity was attributed to Gly234 at the S2 subsite of LmajcatB, which forms a larger, more hydrophobic pocket compared with mammalian cathepsin B. To test this hypothesis, recombinant LmajcatB was expressed in the Pichia pastoris yeast expression system. The quality of the recombinant enzyme was confirmed by kinetic characterization, N-terminal sequencing, and Western blot analysis. Alteration of Gly234 to Glu, which is found at the corresponding site in mammalian cathepsin B, increased recombinant LmajcatB (rLmajcatB) activity toward Z-Arg-Arg-AMC 8-fold over the wild-type recombinant enzyme (kcat/Km=3740+/-413 M-1.s-1 versus 472+/-72.4 M-1.s-1). The results of inhibition assays of rLmajcatB with an inhibitor of cathepsin L enzymes, K11002 (morpholine urea-Phe-homoPhe-vinylsulphonylphenyl, kinact/Ki=208200+/-36000 M-1. s-1), and a cathepsin B specific inhibitor, CA074 [N-(L-3-trans-propylcarbamoyloxirane-2-carbonyl)-l-isoleucyl-l- prolin e, kinact/Ki=199200+/-32900 M-1.s-1], support the findings that this protozoan protease has the P2 specificity of cathepsin L-like enzymes while retaining structural homology to mammalian cathepsin B. (+info)Reduction of thyroid hormone levels by methylsulfonyl metabolites of tetra- and pentachlorinated biphenyls in male Sprague-Dawley rats. (8/2198)
Male Sprague-Dawley rats received four consecutive intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of five kinds of methylsulfonyl (MeSO2) metabolites of tetra- and pentachlorinated biphenyls (tetra- and pentaCBs) to determine their effects on thyroid hormone levels. The five MeSO2 metabolites, which were the major MeSO2-PCBs detected in human milk, liver and adipose tissue were 3-MeSO2-2,2',4',5-tetraCB (3-MeSO2-CB49),3-MeSO2-2,3',4',5-tetraCB (3-MeSO2-CB70), 3-MeSO2-2,2',3',4',5-pentaCB (3-MeSO2-CB87), 3-MeSO2-2,2',4',5,5'-pentaCB (3-MeSO2-CB101), and 4-MeSO2-2,2',4',5,5'-pentaCB (4-MeSO2-CB101). All five tested MeSO2 metabolites (20 mumol/kg once daily for 4 days) reduced serum total thyroxine levels 16-40% on days 2, 3, 4, and 7 (after the last dosage). The total triiodothyronine level was reduced 37% by treatment with 3-MeSO2-CB49 at day 7, but was increased 35% and 38% by 3-MeSO2-CB70 and 4-MeSO2-CB101 at days 3 and 4, respectively. The reductions in thyroid hormone levels led to an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels by 3-MeSO2-CB49, 3-MeSO2-CB87 and 3-MeSO2-CB101. A 30% increase in thyroid weight was produced by 3-MeSO2-CB101 treatment. Thus, it is likely that all five tested MeSO2 metabolites could influence thyroid hormone metabolism. The results show that the tested 3- and 4-MeSO2 metabolites of tetra- and pentaCBs reduce thyroid hormone levels in rats, suggesting that the metabolites may act as endocrine-disrupters. (+info)Sulfones are a group of medications that contain a sulfur atom bonded to two oxygen atoms and one other group, typically a hydrogen or carbon atom. They have various medical uses, including as antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory agents. One example of a sulfone is dapsone, which is used to treat bacterial infections such as leprosy and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), as well as some inflammatory skin conditions. It's important to note that sulfones can have significant side effects and should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Penicillanic acid is not a term that has a widely accepted or established medical definition in the context of human medicine or clinical practice. It is a chemical compound that is a derivative of penicillin, an antibiotic produced by certain types of mold. Penicillanic acid is a breakdown product of penicillin and is not itself used as a medication.
In chemistry, penicillanic acid is a organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C6H5COOH. It is a derivative of benzene and has a carboxylic acid group and a five-membered ring containing a sulfur atom and a double bond, which is a characteristic feature of penicillin and its derivatives.
It's important to note that while penicillanic acid may have relevance in the context of chemistry or microbiology research, it does not have a direct medical definition or application in clinical medicine.
Dapsone is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called sulfones. It is primarily used to treat bacterial skin infections such as leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis (a skin condition associated with coeliac disease). Dapsone works by killing the bacteria responsible for these infections.
In addition, dapsone has anti-inflammatory properties and is sometimes used off-label to manage inflammatory conditions such as vasculitis, bullous pemphigoid, and chronic urticaria. It is available in oral tablet form and topical cream or gel form.
Like all medications, dapsone can cause side effects, which may include nausea, loss of appetite, and headache. More serious side effects, such as methemoglobinemia (a blood disorder that affects the body's ability to transport oxygen), peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage that causes pain, numbness, or weakness in the hands and feet), and liver damage, can occur but are less common.
It is important for patients taking dapsone to be monitored by a healthcare provider to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.
I believe there may be some confusion in your question as "Organic chemistry phenomena" is a broad term and not a medical definition. However, I can provide you with an explanation of organic chemistry phenomena in a general context.
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds, their synthesis, reactions, properties, and structures. The term "organic" was originally used to describe biological materials, but now it refers to any compound that contains carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, except for some simple oxides, sulfides, and halides.
Organic chemistry phenomena encompass a wide range of processes and events related to organic compounds. These can include:
1. Structural properties: Understanding the arrangement of atoms in organic molecules and how they influence chemical behavior and reactivity.
2. Stereochemistry: The study of three-dimensional spatial arrangements of atoms in organic molecules, which can significantly impact their properties and biological activity.
3. Functional groups: Recognizing and understanding the behavior of specific groupings of atoms within organic molecules that determine their chemical reactivity.
4. Reaction mechanisms: Investigating and describing the step-by-step processes by which organic reactions occur, including the movement of electrons, formation and breaking of bonds, and energy changes.
5. Synthetic methodologies: Developing strategies and techniques for creating complex organic molecules from simpler precursors, often involving multiple steps and protecting group strategies.
6. Physical properties: Examining how factors such as molecular weight, polarity, solubility, and melting/boiling points affect the behavior of organic compounds in various conditions.
7. Spectroscopic analysis: Utilizing techniques like NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), IR (Infrared) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry to analyze the structure and composition of organic molecules.
8. Biochemistry and medicinal chemistry: Exploring how organic compounds interact with biological systems, including drug design, development, and delivery.
While not a medical definition per se, understanding organic chemistry phenomena is crucial for many areas within medicine, such as pharmaceutical research, toxicology, and biochemistry.
Sulfoxides are organic compounds characterized by the functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to two oxygen atoms and a carbon atom. The general structure is R-S(=O)O-R', where R and R' represent alkyl or aryl groups. They are often formed by the oxidation of sulfides, which contain a sulfur atom bonded to two carbon atoms. Sulfoxides have a trigonal pyramidal geometry at the sulfur atom due to the presence of two electron-withdrawing oxygen atoms. They exhibit properties of both polar and nonpolar compounds, making them useful as solvents and intermediates in organic synthesis.
Molecular structure, in the context of biochemistry and molecular biology, refers to the arrangement and organization of atoms and chemical bonds within a molecule. It describes the three-dimensional layout of the constituent elements, including their spatial relationships, bond lengths, and angles. Understanding molecular structure is crucial for elucidating the functions and reactivities of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Various experimental techniques, like X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), are employed to determine molecular structures at atomic resolution, providing valuable insights into their biological roles and potential therapeutic targets.
Sulfonamides are a group of synthetic antibacterial drugs that contain the sulfonamide group (SO2NH2) in their chemical structure. They are bacteriostatic agents, meaning they inhibit bacterial growth rather than killing them outright. Sulfonamides work by preventing the bacteria from synthesizing folic acid, which is essential for their survival.
The first sulfonamide drug was introduced in the 1930s and since then, many different sulfonamides have been developed with varying chemical structures and pharmacological properties. They are used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and ear infections.
Some common sulfonamide drugs include sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (a combination of a sulfonamide and another antibiotic called trimethoprim). While sulfonamides are generally safe and effective when used as directed, they can cause side effects such as rash, nausea, and allergic reactions. It is important to follow the prescribing physician's instructions carefully and to report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly.
Stereoisomerism is a type of isomerism (structural arrangement of atoms) in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms, but differ in the three-dimensional orientation of their atoms in space. This occurs when the molecule contains asymmetric carbon atoms or other rigid structures that prevent free rotation, leading to distinct spatial arrangements of groups of atoms around a central point. Stereoisomers can have different chemical and physical properties, such as optical activity, boiling points, and reactivities, due to differences in their shape and the way they interact with other molecules.
There are two main types of stereoisomerism: enantiomers (mirror-image isomers) and diastereomers (non-mirror-image isomers). Enantiomers are pairs of stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other, but cannot be superimposed on one another. Diastereomers, on the other hand, are non-mirror-image stereoisomers that have different physical and chemical properties.
Stereoisomerism is an important concept in chemistry and biology, as it can affect the biological activity of molecules, such as drugs and natural products. For example, some enantiomers of a drug may be active, while others are inactive or even toxic. Therefore, understanding stereoisomerism is crucial for designing and synthesizing effective and safe drugs.
Beta-lactamases are enzymes produced by certain bacteria that can break down and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. This enzymatic activity makes the bacteria resistant to these antibiotics, limiting their effectiveness in treating infections caused by these organisms.
Beta-lactamases work by hydrolyzing the beta-lactam ring, a structural component of these antibiotics that is essential for their antimicrobial activity. By breaking down this ring, the enzyme renders the antibiotic ineffective against the bacterium, allowing it to continue growing and potentially causing harm.
There are different classes of beta-lactamases (e.g., Ambler Class A, B, C, and D), each with distinct characteristics and mechanisms for breaking down various beta-lactam antibiotics. The emergence and spread of bacteria producing these enzymes have contributed to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, making it increasingly challenging to treat infections caused by these organisms.
To overcome this issue, researchers have developed beta-lactamase inhibitors, which are drugs that can bind to and inhibit the activity of these enzymes, thus restoring the effectiveness of certain beta-lactam antibiotics. Examples of such combinations include amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) and piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn).
A Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) in the context of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology refers to the relationship between the chemical structure of a drug or molecule and its biological activity or effect on a target protein, cell, or organism. SAR studies aim to identify patterns and correlations between structural features of a compound and its ability to interact with a specific biological target, leading to a desired therapeutic response or undesired side effects.
By analyzing the SAR, researchers can optimize the chemical structure of lead compounds to enhance their potency, selectivity, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties, ultimately guiding the design and development of novel drugs with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
Sulfone
Modafinil sulfone
Dichlorodiethyl sulfone
Vinyl sulfone
Dibromodiethyl sulfone
Diphenyl sulfone
Vinyl sulfone dyes
4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
Sulfoxide
Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction
Smiles rearrangement
Methylsulfonylmethane
Davis reagent
Sulfolene
Piperylene
Dapsone
Sulfonyl halide
1,4-Oxathiane
Debromoaplysiatoxin
Cathleen Crudden
Methanesulfonic anhydride
Molokai
Dimethyl sulfide
Sulfur
Divinyl sulfide
Sulfur compounds
History of leprosy
Sodium perborate
Sulfene
Promin
Sulfone - Wikipedia
EWG Skin Deep® | What is DIMETHYL SULFONE
Methyl 4-nitrophenyl sulfone
Sulfone Polymers | Machine Design
Vinyl Sulfone: A Multi-Purpose Function in Proteomics | IntechOpen
RCSB PDB - 830C: COLLAGENASE-3 (MMP-13) COMPLEXED TO A SULPHONE-BASED HYDROXAMIC ACID
Bis(trichloromethyl) sulfone - Hazardous Agents | Haz-Map
Structural Effects of Solvents on Li-Ion-Hopping Conduction in Highly Concentrated LiBF4/Sulfone Solutions | The Journal of...
2-methyl-2-propenyl p-tolyl sulfone
Diphenyl sulfone - Safety Data Sheet
Thermal analysis of disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) plasticized with poly(ethylene glycol) for membrane formation -...
Abstract: pH-Responsive Poly(ether sulfone) Composite Membranes Blended with Amphiphilic Polystyrene-Block-Poly(acrylic acid)...
Inquiry for 4-Chlorophenyl methyl sulfone 98-57-7 of China 4-Chlorophenyl methyl sulfone 98-57-7 Suppliers
Synthesis of Novel Polyarylene Ether Sulfones Containing Anionic Functionalities: New Ionic Polymer Materials as Components of...
Sulfone Polymers Sales Market Report | Global Forecast To 2028 | Up Market Research
Methyl sulfone - natural field
Study of the market for granular polyarill sulfones
Methyl sulfone - natural field
Bis 4 Aminophenyl Sulfone
Sulfone Polymer Market Growth - THEWION
1807607-99-3: Lurasidone Sulfone - Veeprho
Poly(p-phenylene sulfone)<...
3 Aminophenyl Sulfone - Manufacturer,Supplier,Ahmedabad
Fenthion oxon sulfone | R1099 | Honeywell Research Chemicals
4-Fluorophenyl sulfone(383-29-9) Raman
Biotin Sulfone | CAS No. 40720-05-6
4,4- Dihydroxy Diphenyl Sulphone | Aarti Industries
The sulphides, sulfoxides, and sulfones of new dienyl groups | AVESİS
Synthesis4
- We report a cyclic sulfone synthesis method from the addition of sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate to doubly electrophilic dienone substrates. (montclair.edu)
- The novel synthesis of the cyclic sulfone thus avoided the using the toxic and odorous sulfides, and also oxidizing reagents. (montclair.edu)
- We prepared both the symmetrical and unsymmetrical substrates, and then used the substrate for the synthesis of cyclic sulfone. (montclair.edu)
- This methodology has been extended to the synthesis of various novel peptide vinyl sulfone and peptide epoxyketone derivatives. (ox.ac.uk)
Dimethyl sulfone2
- For example, dimethyl sulfide oxidizes to dimethyl sulfoxide and then to dimethyl sulfone. (wikipedia.org)
- Dimethyl Sulfone is an antioxidant. (beautybraidsandbeyond.com)
Divinyl4
- Citation: Shelby, M.D., Gutierrez-Espeleta, G.A., Generoso, W.M., and McFee, A.F. Mouse dominant lethal and bone marrow micronucleus studies on methyl vinyl sulfone and divinyl sulfone. (nih.gov)
- Triphenylphosphine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine promote the oxa-Michael addition reaction of alcohols and divinyl sulfone. (rsc.org)
- Divinyl sulfone is a clear colorless liquid. (nih.gov)
- An overview of Genetic Toxicology Micronucleus Mice study conclusions related to Divinyl sulfone (77-77-0). (nih.gov)
Dapsone4
- Examples of sulfones in pharmacology include dapsone, a drug formerly used as an antibiotic to treat leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, tuberculosis, or pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). (wikipedia.org)
- Dapsone is the preferred sulfone. (medscape.com)
- Other sulfones must be metabolized to dapsone for their effect. (medscape.com)
- In some organisms, several different mechanisms failure of sulfamethoxazole as well as dapsone, a sulfone of resistance have been identified in different strains. (cdc.gov)
Phenyl1
- Formation of allyl phenyl sulfones with excellent yields from allylic alcohols was promoted by a combination of Pd(OAc) 2 , PPh 3 , and Et 3 B via in situ activation of the alcohol group. (organic-chemistry.org)
Morphology of Poly2
- Miscibility and morphology of poly(ether sulfone)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PES/PVP) blends containing a crystalline phytochemical called mangiferin were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). (bepress.com)
- Miscibility Characterization in Relation to Phase Morphology of Poly(ether sulfone)/Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Blends containing a Phytochemical" The Journal of Physical Chemistry B Vol. 113 Iss. (bepress.com)
Methyl sulfone2
- Distribution of methyl sulfone metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE in human tissues. (nih.gov)
- When exposed to fixed concentrations of pesticides (carbofuran and demeton-S-methyl sulfone), immobilised AChE showed almost identical inhibition characteristics compared to the free enzyme. (eurekaselect.com)
Polymers2
- Some polymers containing sulfone groups are useful engineering plastics. (wikipedia.org)
- Precursors to such polymers are the sulfones bisphenol S and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone. (wikipedia.org)
Vinyl5
- Our enterprise is devoted to presenting an alluring Vinyl Sulfone Dye . (directblue199.com)
- Owing to its excellent solubility in water, this Vinyl Sulfone Dye is also perfect for both pad batch dyeing and discharge printing applications. (directblue199.com)
- Vinyl sulfone (VS)-activated carriers may react with several protein side-chains at neutral pHs. (franciscoploulab.eu)
- In 1993 the company diversified into the manufacture of vinyl sulphone (inst. (business-standard.com)
- Commercial production of vinyl sulphone commenced in Sep. (business-standard.com)
Oxidation5
- Sulfones are typically prepared by organic oxidation of thioethers, often referred to as sulfides. (wikipedia.org)
- A new procedure for the oxidation of a sulfoxide group to a sulfone group has been patented. (innoget.com)
- The present invention relates to a procedure for the oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones using the oxygen from the air as oxidizing agent, in the presence of a molibdenum complex as catalyst, preferably dioxomolibdenum (VI) bis(acetilacetonate) or dinuclear derivatives coming from its partial hydrolisis in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide or triphenylphosphine oxide. (innoget.com)
- Following absorption, sulindac undergoes two major biotransformations - reversible reduction to the sulfide metabolite, and irreversible oxidation to the sulfone metabolite. (rxlist.com)
- Sulindac undergoes two major biotransformations of its sulfoxide moiety: oxidation to the inactive sulfone and reduction to the pharmacologically active sulfide. (nih.gov)
Leprosy2
- Sulfones were formerly used to treat leprosy and tuberculosis, and are now used in making synthetic resins for wire coatings, automotive parts, and plumbing items. (dictionary.com)
- The best results in the treatment of leprosy have been achived with a sulphone-oil suspension and the dose to be given to children is adjusted to their body weigh. (nih.gov)
Sulfoxide1
- Organosulfur chemistry Sulfonanilide Sulfoxide Sulfonic acid (-OH substituent) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sulfones. (wikipedia.org)
Carbon atoms1
- In organic chemistry, a sulfone is a organosulfur compound containing a sulfonyl (R−S(=O)2−R') functional group attached to two carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibitors1
- Here, they report a further extension to a series of cyclohexyl sulfone-based γ-secretase inhibitors which has allowed the preparation of highly potent compounds which also demonstrate robust Ab(40) lowering in vivo (e.g., compound 32, MED 1 mg/kg p.o. in APP-YAC mice). (nih.gov)
SODIUM5
- In this study, we synthesized and determined the bioavailability of a sodium salt formulation of toltrazuril sulfone that can be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of EPM in horses. (illinois.edu)
- Toltrazuril sulfone sodium salt was rapidly absorbed, with a mean peak plasma concentration of 2400±169 (SEM) ng/mL occurring at 8h after oral-mucosal dosing and was about 56% bioavailable compared with the i.v. administration of toltrazuril sulfone in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). (illinois.edu)
- The relative bioavailability of toltrazuril sulfone suspended in water compared with toltrazuril sulfone sodium salt was 46%, indicating approximately 54% less oral bioavailability of this compound suspended in water. (illinois.edu)
- Based on these data, repeated oral administration of toltrazuril sulfone sodium salt with or without feed will yield effective plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of toltrazuril sulfone for the treatment and prophylaxis of EPM and other protozoal diseases of horses and other species. (illinois.edu)
- As such, toltrazuril sulfone sodium salt has the potential to be used as feed additive formulations for both the treatment and prophylaxis of EPM and various other apicomplexan diseases. (illinois.edu)
Reactions1
- Sulfones are prepared under conditions used for Friedel-Crafts reactions using sources of RSO+ 2 derived from sulfonyl halides and sulfonic acid anhydrides. (wikipedia.org)
Membranes1
- Four kinds of solvent were chosen to prepare poly(ether sulfones) (PES) filtration membranes by the nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. (iwaponline.com)
Derivatives1
- Several of its derivatives, such as promin, have similarly been studied or actually been applied in medicine, but in general sulfones are of far less prominence in pharmacology than for example the sulfonamides. (wikipedia.org)
Linker2
- Bis-sulfone-PEG-TCO compounds have a bis-sulfone group and a PEG linker that connect to a TCO group. (axispharm.com)
- Bis-Sulfone-PEG2-acid is a PEG linker with a sulfone and acid end group. (bocsci.com)
Potent1
- The information derived from the present study may be useful in the design of more potent substituted indoyl aryl sulfones. (derpharmachemica.com)
Sulfur1
- In the Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction and the Julia olefination, sulfones are converted to alkenes by the elimination of sulfur dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic1
- Monitored by 1 H NMR analysis, the synthetic process of trimethyl poly (ether sulfone)-methylene quaternary ammonium hydroxide (TPQAOH) is found to be simple and efficient. (psu.edu)
Inhibition1
- QSAR model development of 39 indoyl aryl sulfones was carried out to predict reverse transcriptase inhibition activity. (derpharmachemica.com)
Growth4
- Market dynamics including latest trends, challenges, growth opportunities, and drivers for is also provided in the 4,4-Dichlorodiphenyl Sulfone (DCDPS) market report. (latestmarketreports.com)
- The study analyzes crucial trends that are currently determining the growth of 4,4-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) market. (latestmarketreports.com)
- A Y-o-Y growth contrast on prominent 4,4-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) market segments, along with market attractiveness evaluation has been incorporated in the report. (latestmarketreports.com)
- These chapters include the regional macros (political economic, and business environment outlook), which are expected to have a momentous influence on the growth of 4,4-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) market during the forecast period. (latestmarketreports.com)
Dose1
- Le traîtement du paludisme chez l' homme par une dose unique de Diamino-Diphenyl-Sulfone (DDS) seule ou associée à la pyriméthamine. (who.int)
Diseases1
- however, sulfones are effective in inflammatory diseases. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
- Toltrazuril sulfone (ponazuril) is a triazine-based antiprotozoal agent with clinical application in the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalomyelitis (EPM). (illinois.edu)
Assessment1
- A detailed assessment of 4,4-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) value chain analysis, business execution, and supply chain analysis across the regional markets has been covered in the report. (latestmarketreports.com)
Group1
- The sulfone group can be conjugated with thiol groups of proteins. (bocsci.com)
Formation1
- Finally, byproduct formation is not observed and sulfones are easily isolable. (innoget.com)
Groups1
- Bis-sulfone-PEG-TCO is a class of molecules that contains functional groups with unique properties that make them useful in drug research and development. (axispharm.com)
Drug1
- In drug development, bis-sulfone-PEG-TCO molecules can be used to enhance the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs by improving their solubility, stability, and targeting abilities. (axispharm.com)
Price1
- We Beat All Competitors Price albendazole sulfone . (onlinehome.us)
Report3
- The report offers actionable and valuable insights on the 4,4-Dichlorodiphenyl Sulfone (DCDPS) market. (latestmarketreports.com)
- This report explicates on vital dynamics such as the drivers, restraints and opportunities for key market players along with key stakeholders as well as emerging players associated with the manufacturing of 4,4-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS). (latestmarketreports.com)
- Key sections have been elaborated in the 4,4-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) report, which have helped to deliver projection on the regional markets. (latestmarketreports.com)
Products1
- Pharma, Wal-Mart's Québec-based affiliated pharmacies www Boots pharmacy services, prescriptions and health products.es, farmacia en línea, ofrece varios productos de higiene y el cuidado de su tienda en línea albendazole sulfone . (onlinehome.us)