Silage. Medical search

Fodder converted into succulent feed for livestock through processes of anaerobic fermentation (as in a silo).

A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.

Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.

The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

Common member of the Gramineae family used as cattle FODDER. It harbors several fungi and other parasites toxic to livestock and people and produces allergenic compounds, especially in its pollen. The most commonly seen varieties are L. perenne, L. multiflorum, and L. rigidum.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.

Nutritional physiology of animals.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

The syrup remaining after sugar is crystallized out of SUGARCANE or sugar beet juice. It is also used in ANIMAL FEED, and in a fermented form, is used to make industrial ETHYL ALCOHOL and ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

The consumption of edible substances.

The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins.

Seeds from grasses (POACEAE) which are important in the diet.

Derivatives of formic acids. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are formed with a single carbon carboxy group.

The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)

An indication of the contribution of a food to the nutrient content of the diet. This value depends on the quantity of a food which is digested and absorbed and the amounts of the essential nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins) which it contains. This value can be affected by soil and growing conditions, handling and storage, and processing.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.

The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.

Food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal).

Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans.

Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.

Keeping food for later consumption.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria whose growth is dependent on the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. No endospores are produced. Its organisms are found in fermenting plant products and are nonpathogenic to plants and animals, including humans.

A genus of gram-positive, microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring widely in nature. Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. Pathogenicity from this genus is rare.

A suborder of the order ARTIODACTYLA whose members have the distinguishing feature of a four-chambered stomach, including the capacious RUMEN. Horns or antlers are usually present, at least in males.

Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

Behavioral, nutritional, and toxicological responses of cattle to ensiled leafy spurge. (1/245)

Yearling cattle (n = 25; 416.1 +/- 25.9 kg) were stratified by weight and gender across five groups. Group 1 (OAT) was offered oat/rape haylage (ORH) for ad libitum consumption during two daily feeding periods. Group 2 (SPURGE) was offered leafy spurge/grass haylage (LSGH) for ad libitum consumption during the same feeding periods. Group 3 was offered ORH in an amount equal to the average amount of LSGH consumed by SPURGE at the previous feeding. Group 4 (MIX) was offered LSGH mixed with ORH for ad libitum consumption during the two feeding periods. Group 5 (PAIR) received the equivalent amount of ORH consumed by MIX at the previous feeding. The DMI for OAT, SPURGE, and MIX were similar at the first feeding (P = .52). The SPURGE group consumed very little LSGH thereafter and was removed from the trial. The OAT and MIX groups consumed similar amounts of DM daily on d 1 to 4 when the ration offered to MIX was only 7% LSGH (P = .33). When LSGH made up > or = 21% of the mixture (d 7 to 32), the OAT group consumed more daily DM than did MIX (P < .05). The spurge/oatlage ration offered to MIX was less digestible than the oatlage-only ration offered to PAIR (P < or = .01). Even though blood chemistry did not indicate that LSGH consumption caused organ damage, its intake caused minor alterations (P < or = .05) in serum albumin, calcium, gamma glutamyltransferase, P, K, and urea nitrogen. No gross or microscopic lesions, infectious agents, or significant numbers of parasites were detected in any of the carcasses or tissues examined. The MIX group had diarrhea for much of the trial. In Trial 2, five yearling cattle were adapted to a mixture of 21% LSGH and 79% ORH. Then they were simultaneously offered three mixtures of spurge and oat haylages: 1) spurge ensiled with a microbial inoculant (LSGH); 2) spurge ensiled with the same inoculant and a cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzyme (ENZ); and 3) spurge ensiled with the same inoculant and molasses (MOL). The mixture with ENZ was preferred over those with MOL or LSGH (P < .001), but the amounts consumed were low and similar to those for LSGH-ORH in Trial 1 when amounts of ENZ and LSGH in the mixtures were similar. The ENZ mixture may have been more palatable than LSGH and MOL because it had less (P < .05) lactic acid, but intake of ENZ indicates that it had aversive characteristics, like LSGH. Ensiling leafy spurge did little, if anything, to improve its palatability to cattle. (+info)

Effect of reconstituting field-dried and early-harvested sorghum grain on the ensiling characteristics of the grain and on growth performance and carcass merit of feedlot heifers. (2/245)

The objective of this study was to determine whether reconstituting field-dried and early-harvested sorghum grain affected the fermentation characteristics and feed value of the ensiled grain when fed to feedlot heifers. In Trial 1, sorghum grain was harvested at 14% moisture, rolled, and reconstituted to 25, 30, or 35% moisture, then ensiled in laboratory-scale silos. Lactic acid concentration increased (d 5 to 90) and pH decreased more rapidly (d 3 to 90) as moisture level increased (P < .05). Acetic acid concentration increased (P < .05) with moisture and day postfilling. Concentration of ethanol was highest (P < .05) in the 30 and 35% moisture grains from d 1 to 5, but by d 90 the ethanol concentration in the 25% moisture grain exceeded (P < .05) that of the two higher-moisture grains. Ammonia N concentration was lowest (P < .05) in the 25% moisture grain at all sampling times postfilling. In Trial 2, 288 heifers (BW = 286+/-83 kg) were used to compare the feeding value of rolled, ensiled sorghum grain harvested at 25% moisture to the same grain reconstituted to 30 or 35% moisture. A steam-flaked corn (SFC) diet served as the control. Final live weight; ADG; hot carcass weight; backfat depth; marbling score; kidney, pelvic, and heart fat; and liver abscess score were not affected by grain treatment (P > .10). Dry matter intake was highest (P < .10) for heifers fed the 25 or 30% moisture sorghum grain diets and lowest for those fed the SFC diet; DMI for heifers fed the 35% moisture sorghum grain diet was intermediate. Feeding 35% moisture sorghum grain improved gain efficiency (P < .10) compared with feeding 25 or 30% moisture sorghum grain by 9.0 and 5.7%, respectively. We conclude that reconstituting sorghum grain beyond the typical moisture levels of 25 to 30% would enhance the fermentation characteristics of the ensiled grain and improve gain efficiency in feedlot heifers. (+info)

Characterization and identification of Pediococcus species isolated from forage crops and their application for silage preparation. (3/245)

Pediococcus species isolated from forage crops were characterized, and their application to silage preparation was studied. Most isolates were distributed on forage crops at low frequency. These isolates could be divided into three (A, B, and C) groups by their sugar fermentation patterns. Strains LA 3, LA 35, and LS 5 are representative isolates from groups A, B, and C, respectively. Strains LA 3 and LA 35 had intragroup DNA homology values above 93.6%, showing that they belong to the species Pediococcus acidilactici. Strain LS 5 belonged to Pediococcus pentosaceus on the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness. All three of these strains and strain SL 1 (Lactobacillus casei, isolated from a commercial inoculant) were used as additives to alfalfa and Italian ryegrass silage preparation at two temperatures (25 and 48 degrees C). When stored at 25 degrees C, all of the inoculated silages were well preserved and exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) reduced fermentation losses compared to that of their control in alfalfa and Italian ryegrass silages. When stored at 48 degrees C, silages inoculated with strains LA 3 and LA 35 were also well preserved, with a significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia-nitrogen content, gas production, and dry matter loss and significantly (P < 0.05) higher lactate content than the control, but silages inoculated with LS 5 and SL 1 were of poor quality. P. acidilactici LA 3 and LA 35 are considered suitable as potential silage inoculants. (+info)

Identification of Lactobacillus isolates from the gastrointestinal tract, silage, and yoghurt by 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region sequence comparisons. (4/245)

Lactobacillus isolates were identified by PCR amplification and sequencing of the region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes (spacer region). The sequences obtained from the isolates were compared to those of reference strains held in GenBank. A similarity of 97.5% or greater was considered to provide identification. To check the reliability of the method, the V2-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced in the case of isolates whose spacer region sequences were less than 99% similar to that of a reference strain. Confirmation of identity was obtained in all instances. Spacer region sequencing provided rapid and accurate identification of Lactobacillus isolates obtained from gastrointestinal, yoghurt, and silage samples. It had an advantage over 16S V2-V3 sequence comparisons because it distinguished between isolates of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. (+info)

Evaluation of wheat-based thin stillage as a water source for growing and finishing beef cattle. (5/245)

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of wheat-based thin stillage as a water source for cattle. In Trial 1, 20 large-framed steers were fed a basal diet based primarily on barley grain and barley silage, with ad libitum access to water or thin stillage at one of three DM concentrations (2, 4, and 6.7%) in a completely randomized design. The trial consisted of a 70-d growing period and a finishing phase. In Trial 2, total-tract nutrient digestibility coefficients of the basal diet and water treatments fed in the growing period were determined in a randomized complete block design using 12 medium-framed steers. The results showed that when only DMI from the basal diet was considered, there was a linear reduction (P<.01) in DMI and a linear improvement (P<.01) in the gain:feed ratio with no effect on daily gain as thin stillage DM concentration increased. No differences were detected in DMI or efficiency of gain when total DMI (basal diet and thin stillage) was considered. Carcass traits indicated a trend toward increased (P<.06) carcass fat with increasing thin stillage DM concentration. Results of Trial 2 indicated a linear improvement (P<.05) in apparent digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and energy of the total diet (basal diet and thin stillage) as thin stillage DM concentration increased. We concluded that supplementing growing and finishing cattle with thin stillage reduced the amount of the basal diet required for gain and improved nutrient utilization. (+info)

Feeding value of wheat-based thin stillage: in vitro protein degradability and effects on ruminal fermentation. (6/245)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of wheat-based thin stillage as a fluid source for ruminants. In vitro CP degradability of thin stillage was estimated relative to canola meal and heated canola meal in a completely randomized design. Four ruminally cannulated steers were used in a double cross-over design to determine the effects of consuming thin stillage or water as drinking sources on ruminal fermentation traits. The in vitro CP degradability of thin stillage (55.4%) was lower (P<.05) than that of canola meal (59.4%) and higher than that of heated canola meal (31.6%). Ruminal pH for steers consuming thin stillage was higher (P<.05) at 1000 and 1100 and lower (P<.05) at 1900 and 2000 than that for steers consuming water. Total VFA followed a pattern that was the reverse of that reported for pH. Ruminal NH3 N levels were higher (P<.05) for steers fed thin stillage than for water-fed steers through most of the collection period. Ruminal fluid and particulate matter passage rates were not affected by treatment and averaged .165 and .06 /h, respectively. The amount of thin stillage and water that did not equilibrate with the ruminal fluid and, thus, was considered to bypass the rumen was estimated to be 51.9 and 59.2% of total fluid consumed, respectively. Feeding wheat-based thin stillage had no adverse effects on ruminal metabolism. (+info)

Steam-processed corn and sorghum grain flaked at different densities alter ruminal, small intestinal, and total tract digestibility of starch by steers. (7/245)

Crossbred steers (n = 7; 400 kg BW), fitted with T-type cannulas in the duodenum and ileum, were used to examine the effects of processing method, dry-rolled (DR) vs. steam-flaked (SF) sorghum grain, and degree of processing (flake density; FD) of SF corn (SFC) and SF sorghum (SFS) grain on site and extent of DM, starch, and N digestibilities and to measure extent of microbial N flow to the duodenum. In Exp. 1, diets contained 77% DRS or 77% SFS with FD of 437, 360, and 283 g/L (SF34, SF28, and SF22). In Exp. 2, diets contained 77% SFC with FD of SF34 or SF22. For sorghum and corn diets, respective average daily intakes were as follows: DM, 6.7 and 8.1 kg; starch, 3.8 and 4.7 kg; N, 136 and 149 g. Steers fed SFS vs. DRS increased (P = .01) starch digestibilities (percentage of intake) in the rumen (82 vs. 67%) and total tract (98.9 vs. 96.5%) and decreased digestibilities in the small intestine (16 vs. 28%; P = .01) and large intestine (.5 vs 1.2%; P = .05). As a percentage of starch entering the segment, digestibility was increased (P = .01) within the small intestine (91 vs. 85%) but was not altered within the large intestine by steers fed SFS vs. DRS. Decreasing FD of SFS and of SFC, respectively, linearly increased starch digestibilities (percentage of intake) in the rumen (P = .03, .02) and total tract (P = .03, .09) and linearly diminished starch digestibilities in the small intestine (P = .04, .09). Starch digestibilities (percentage of entry) within the small or large intestine were not changed by FD. The percentage of dietary corn or sorghum starch digested in the large intestine was very small, less than 2% of intake. Microbial N flow to the duodenum was not altered by SFS compared to DRS, or by decreasing FD of SFS and SFC. Reducing FD of SFS, but not of SFC, tended to decrease (P = .07) microbial efficiency linearly and tended to increase (P = .06) total tract N digestibilities linearly. Steam flaking compared to dry rolling of sorghum grain and decreasing FD of SFC and SFS grain consistently increased starch digestibility in the rumen and total tract of growing steers. The greatest total digestibility of dietary starch occurred when the proportion digested in the rumen was maximized and the fraction digested in the small intestine was minimized. These changes in sites of digestion account, in part, for the improved N conservation and greater hepatic output of glucose by steers fed lower FD of SFS reported in our companion papers. (+info)

Effects of level and source of carbohydrate and level of degradable intake protein on intake and digestion of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay by beef steers. (8/245)

Ruminally fistulated steers (n = 13; 263 kg) were used in an incomplete Latin square with 13 treatments and four periods to evaluate the effects of level and source of supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) and level of degradable intake protein (DIP) on the utilization of low-quality, tallgrass-prairie hay. Steers were given ad libitum access to forage (5.7% CP, 2.6% DIP, and 74.9% NDF). The supplementation treatments were fashioned as a 2x3x2 factorial arrangement plus a negative control (NC; no supplement). The factors included two DIP levels (.031 and .122% BW) and three CHO sources (starch, glucose, and fiber) fed at two levels (.15 and .30% BW) within each level of DIP supplementation. The effect of supplementation on forage OM intake (FOMI) was dependent (P<.01) on level and source of CHO and level of DIP fed. When DIP was low, forage, total, and digestible OM intakes were generally greater for the starch treatment than for the nonstarch treatments. However, when the DIP level was high, intakes were greater for the nonstarch (i.e., fiber and glucose) treatments. Generally, FOMI decreased (P<.01) when more supplemental CHO was provided. Supplementation typically increased fiber digestion, but the response was dependent (P<.01) on level and source of CHO and level of DIP. Generally, supplements with low levels of CHO improved NDF digestion (NDFD). However, supplements with the high level of CHO decreased NDFD, except for fiber at the high level of DIP. Organic matter digestion was increased by supplementation, but the impact of increasing CHO was dependent (P<.01) on source of CHO and level of DIP. Supplementation treatments had significant impact on ruminal pH, NH3 N, and the total concentration of organic acids as well as their relative proportions. In conclusion, supplemental DIP enhanced the use of low-quality forage; however, the impact of supplemental CHO on low-quality forage use was dependent on source and level of CHO offered, as well as the level of DIP provided. (+info)

Silage is not typically considered a medical term. It is an agricultural term that refers to fermented, moist green fodder (such as grasses, clover, or corn) that are stored in a silo and used as animal feed. However, if contaminated with harmful bacteria like Listeria or mold, it can cause foodborne illness in animals and potentially in humans who consume the contaminated silage or products made from contaminated animals.

Poaceae is not a medical term but a taxonomic category, specifically the family name for grasses. In a broader sense, you might be asking for a medical context where knowledge of this plant family could be relevant. For instance, certain members of the Poaceae family can cause allergies or negative reactions in some people.

In a medical definition, Poaceae would be defined as:

The family of monocotyledonous plants that includes grasses, bamboo, and sedges. These plants are characterized by narrow leaves with parallel veins, jointed stems (called "nodes" and "internodes"), and flowers arranged in spikelets. Some members of this family are important food sources for humans and animals, such as rice, wheat, corn, barley, oats, and sorghum. Other members can cause negative reactions, like skin irritation or allergies, due to their silica-based defense structures called phytoliths.

Animal feed refers to any substance or mixture of substances, whether processed, unprocessed, or partially processed, which is intended to be used as food for animals, including fish, without further processing. It includes ingredients such as grains, hay, straw, oilseed meals, and by-products from the milling, processing, and manufacturing industries. Animal feed can be in the form of pellets, crumbles, mash, or other forms, and is used to provide nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals to support the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of animals. It's important to note that animal feed must be safe, nutritious, and properly labeled to ensure the health and well-being of the animals that consume it.

The rumen is the largest compartment of the stomach in ruminant animals, such as cows, goats, and sheep. It is a specialized fermentation chamber where microbes break down tough plant material into nutrients that the animal can absorb and use for energy and growth. The rumen contains billions of microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, which help to break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates in the plant material through fermentation.

The rumen is characterized by its large size, muscular walls, and the presence of a thick mat of partially digested food and microbes called the rumen mat or cud. The animal regurgitates the rumen contents periodically to chew it again, which helps to break down the plant material further and mix it with saliva, creating a more favorable environment for fermentation.

The rumen plays an essential role in the digestion and nutrition of ruminant animals, allowing them to thrive on a diet of low-quality plant material that would be difficult for other animals to digest.

'Zea mays' is the biological name for corn or maize, which is not typically considered a medical term. However, corn or maize can have medical relevance in certain contexts. For example, cornstarch is sometimes used as a diluent for medications and is also a component of some skin products. Corn oil may be found in topical ointments and creams. In addition, some people may have allergic reactions to corn or corn-derived products. But generally speaking, 'Zea mays' itself does not have a specific medical definition.

Digestion is the complex process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body for energy, growth, and cell repair. This process involves both mechanical and chemical actions that occur in the digestive system, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs such as the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

The different stages of digestion are:

1. Ingestion: This is the first step in digestion, where food is taken into the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: This involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces through chewing, churning, and mixing with digestive enzymes.
3. Chemical digestion: This involves breaking down food molecules into simpler forms using various enzymes and chemicals produced by the digestive system.
4. Absorption: Once the food is broken down into simple molecules, they are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream and transported to different parts of the body.
5. Elimination: The undigested material that remains after absorption is moved through the large intestine and eliminated from the body as feces.

The process of digestion is essential for maintaining good health, as it provides the necessary nutrients and energy required for various bodily functions.

'Medicago sativa' is the scientific name for a plant species more commonly known as alfalfa. In a medical context, alfalfa is often considered a herbal supplement and its medicinal properties include being a source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions such as kidney problems, asthma, arthritis, and high cholesterol levels. However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of alfalfa for these uses is not conclusively established by scientific research and its use may have potential risks or interactions with certain medications. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts carbohydrates into alcohol or organic acids using enzymes. In the absence of oxygen, certain bacteria, yeasts, and fungi convert sugars into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and various end products, such as alcohol, lactic acid, or acetic acid. This process is commonly used in food production, such as in making bread, wine, and beer, as well as in industrial applications for the production of biofuels and chemicals.

"Lolium" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. It is actually the genus name for a group of plants that are more commonly known as ryegrasses. These plants belong to the family Poaceae and include several species that are widely used as pasture, hay, or lawn grasses.

While not directly related to human health, these plants can have indirect effects on health, particularly in agricultural settings. For example, certain ryegrass species can host a parasitic nematode called "Haemonchus contortus," which can infect and cause disease in livestock that graze on the grass.

However, without further context, it's challenging to provide a specific medical definition for "Lolium." If you have more information or if this term is being used in a specific medical context, please provide those details so I can give a more accurate response.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

"Trifolium" is not a medical term. It is actually the genus name for a group of plants commonly known as clover. These plants belong to the family Fabaceae and are found in many temperate regions around the world. Some species, like red clover (Trifolium pratense), are used in herbal medicine for various purposes, such as treating respiratory conditions, skin inflammations, and menopausal symptoms. However, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies.

"Animal nutritional physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical or scientific term. However, it seems to refer to the processes and functions related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Here's a breakdown of the possible components:

1. Animal: This term refers to non-human living organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have a distinct nervous system.
2. Nutritional: This term pertains to the nourishment and energy requirements of an animal, including the ingestion, digestion, absorption, transportation, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients.
3. Physiological: This term refers to the functions and processes that occur within a living organism, including the interactions between different organs and systems.
4. Phenomena: This term generally means an observable fact or event.

Therefore, "animal nutritional physiological phenomena" could refer to the observable events and processes related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Examples of such phenomena include digestion, absorption, metabolism, energy production, growth, reproduction, and waste elimination.

Nitrogen is not typically referred to as a medical term, but it is an element that is crucial to medicine and human life.

In a medical context, nitrogen is often mentioned in relation to gas analysis, respiratory therapy, or medical gases. Nitrogen (N) is a colorless, odorless, and nonreactive gas that makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. It is an essential element for various biological processes, such as the growth and maintenance of organisms, because it is a key component of amino acids, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds.

In some medical applications, nitrogen is used to displace oxygen in a mixture to create a controlled environment with reduced oxygen levels (hypoxic conditions) for therapeutic purposes, such as in certain types of hyperbaric chambers. Additionally, nitrogen gas is sometimes used in cryotherapy, where extremely low temperatures are applied to tissues to reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation.

However, it's important to note that breathing pure nitrogen can be dangerous, as it can lead to unconsciousness and even death due to lack of oxygen (asphyxiation) within minutes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Molasses" is not a medical term. It is a byproduct of the sugar refining process. Specifically, it is a thick, dark brown liquid that is left over after the sugar crystals have been removed from sugarcane or sugar beet juice. It contains significant amounts of sugar, as well as various nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and potassium. While it may be used in some folk remedies, it's not a term used in medical terminology.

The medical definition of "eating" refers to the process of consuming and ingesting food or nutrients into the body. This process typically involves several steps, including:

1. Food preparation: This may involve cleaning, chopping, cooking, or combining ingredients to make them ready for consumption.
2. Ingestion: The act of taking food or nutrients into the mouth and swallowing it.
3. Digestion: Once food is ingested, it travels down the esophagus and enters the stomach, where it is broken down by enzymes and acids to facilitate absorption of nutrients.
4. Absorption: Nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and transported to cells throughout the body for use as energy or building blocks for growth and repair.
5. Elimination: Undigested food and waste products are eliminated from the body through the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

Eating is an essential function that provides the body with the nutrients it needs to maintain health, grow, and repair itself. Disorders of eating, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, can have serious consequences for physical and mental health.

Dietary fiber, also known as roughage, is the indigestible portion of plant foods that makes up the structural framework of the plants we eat. It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gums, lignins, and waxes. Dietary fiber can be classified into two categories: soluble and insoluble.

Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like material in the gut, which can help slow down digestion, increase feelings of fullness, and lower cholesterol levels. Soluble fiber is found in foods such as oats, barley, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts.

Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and passes through the gut intact, helping to add bulk to stools and promote regular bowel movements. Insoluble fiber is found in foods such as whole grains, bran, seeds, and the skins of fruits and vegetables.

Dietary fiber has numerous health benefits, including promoting healthy digestion, preventing constipation, reducing the risk of heart disease, controlling blood sugar levels, and aiding in weight management. The recommended daily intake of dietary fiber is 25-38 grams per day for adults, depending on age and gender.

Cereals, in a medical context, are not specifically defined. However, cereals are generally understood to be grasses of the family Poaceae that are cultivated for the edible components of their grain (the seed of the grass). The term "cereal" is derived from Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture and harvest.

The most widely consumed cereals include:

1. Wheat
2. Rice
3. Corn (Maize)
4. Barley
5. Oats
6. Millet
7. Sorghum
8. Rye

Cereals are a significant part of the human diet, providing energy in the form of carbohydrates, as well as protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They can be consumed in various forms, such as whole grains, flour, flakes, or puffed cereals. Some people may have allergies or intolerances to specific cereals, like celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that requires a gluten-free diet (wheat, barley, and rye contain gluten).

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Formates" is not a recognized term in medical terminology. It is possible that you may be referring to "formic acid" or "formate," which are terms used in chemistry and biochemistry. Formic acid is a colorless, pungent, and corrosive liquid with the chemical formula HCOOH. Its salts are called formates.

Formate is the anion (negatively charged ion) of formic acid, with the chemical formula HCOO-. Formate can be found in various biological systems and is involved in several metabolic processes. If you could provide more context or clarify your question, I would be happy to help further.

The omasum is the third compartment of the ruminant stomach, located between the rumen and the abomasum. It is also known as the manyplies because of its structure, which consists of numerous folds or leaves that are arranged in a circular pattern. The main function of the omasum is to absorb water, electrolytes, and volatile fatty acids from the digesta that passes through it, helping to concentrate the solids and prepare them for further digestion in the abomasum.

Nutritive value is a term used to describe the amount and kind of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, that a food provides. It refers to the ability of a food to supply the necessary components for growth, repair, maintenance, and energy in the body. The nutritive value of a food is usually expressed in terms of its content of these various nutrients per 100 grams or per serving. Foods with high nutritive value are those that provide a significant amount of essential nutrients in relation to their calorie content.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hordeum" is not a medical term. It is actually the genus name for barley in botany. If you have any medical terms or concepts that you would like me to explain, please let me know!

In a medical context, "meat" generally refers to the flesh of animals that is consumed as food. This includes muscle tissue, as well as fat and other tissues that are often found in meat products. However, it's worth noting that some people may have dietary restrictions or medical conditions that prevent them from consuming meat, so it's always important to consider individual preferences and needs when discussing food options.

It's also worth noting that the consumption of meat can have both positive and negative health effects. On the one hand, meat is a good source of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients. On the other hand, consuming large amounts of red and processed meats has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, it's generally recommended to consume meat in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Medical definitions of "fish products" generally refer to any food or supplement that is derived from fish or aquatic animals. This can include:

1. Fresh, frozen, or canned fish such as salmon, tuna, cod, and sardines.
2. Fish oils, which are often used as dietary supplements for their omega-3 fatty acid content.
3. Processed fish products like surimi (imitation crab meat), fish sticks, and fish sauce.

It's important to note that the nutritional content and potential health benefits or risks of fish products can vary widely depending on the specific type of fish, how it was caught or farmed, and how it was processed and prepared.

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are a type of fatty acid that have a low molecular weight and are known for their ability to evaporate at room temperature. They are produced in the body during the breakdown of carbohydrates and proteins in the absence of oxygen, such as in the digestive tract by certain bacteria.

The most common volatile fatty acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. These compounds have various roles in the body, including providing energy to cells in the intestines, modulating immune function, and regulating the growth of certain bacteria. They are also used as precursors for the synthesis of other molecules, such as cholesterol and bile acids.

In addition to their role in the body, volatile fatty acids are also important in the food industry, where they are used as flavorings and preservatives. They are produced naturally during fermentation and aging processes, and are responsible for the distinctive flavors of foods such as yogurt, cheese, and wine.

Weight gain is defined as an increase in body weight over time, which can be attributed to various factors such as an increase in muscle mass, fat mass, or total body water. It is typically measured in terms of pounds or kilograms and can be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional weight gain may be a cause for concern if it's significant or accompanied by other symptoms, as it could indicate an underlying medical condition such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, or heart disease.

It is important to note that while body mass index (BMI) can be used as a general guideline for weight status, it does not differentiate between muscle mass and fat mass. Therefore, an increase in muscle mass through activities like strength training could result in a higher BMI, but this may not necessarily be indicative of increased health risks associated with excess body fat.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Storage" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It generally refers to the practice of storing food supplies, often in large quantities and for extended periods of time. While it may have relevance to nutrition and food safety, it's not a term used within medical terminology. If you have any questions related to nutrition, food safety, or any other medical topic, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

A diet, in medical terms, refers to the planned and regular consumption of food and drinks. It is a balanced selection of nutrient-rich foods that an individual eats on a daily or periodic basis to meet their energy needs and maintain good health. A well-balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

A diet may also be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, such as in the management of certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. In these cases, a healthcare professional may recommend specific restrictions or modifications to an individual's regular diet to help manage their condition and improve their overall health.

It is important to note that a healthy and balanced diet should be tailored to an individual's age, gender, body size, activity level, and any underlying medical conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or nutritionist, can help ensure that an individual's dietary needs are being met in a safe and effective way.

"Food handling" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in the context of public health and food safety, it generally refers to the activities involved in the storage, preparation, and serving of food in a way that minimizes the risk of contamination and foodborne illnesses. This includes proper hygiene practices, such as handwashing and wearing gloves, separating raw and cooked foods, cooking food to the correct temperature, and refrigerating or freezing food promptly. Proper food handling is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of food in various settings, including restaurants, hospitals, schools, and homes.

"Random allocation," also known as "random assignment" or "randomization," is a process used in clinical trials and other research studies to distribute participants into different intervention groups (such as experimental group vs. control group) in a way that minimizes selection bias and ensures the groups are comparable at the start of the study.

In random allocation, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, and the assignment is typically made using a computer-generated randomization schedule or other objective methods. This process helps to ensure that any differences between the groups are due to the intervention being tested rather than pre-existing differences in the participants' characteristics.

Mastication is the medical term for the process of chewing food. It's the first step in digestion, where food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth, making it easier to swallow and further digest. The act of mastication involves not only the physical grinding and tearing of food by the teeth but also the mixing of the food with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin to break down carbohydrates. This process helps to enhance the efficiency of digestion and nutrient absorption in the subsequent stages of the digestive process.

Ammonia is a colorless, pungent-smelling gas with the chemical formula NH3. It is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen and is a basic compound, meaning it has a pH greater than 7. Ammonia is naturally found in the environment and is produced by the breakdown of organic matter, such as animal waste and decomposing plants. In the medical field, ammonia is most commonly discussed in relation to its role in human metabolism and its potential toxicity.

In the body, ammonia is produced as a byproduct of protein metabolism and is typically converted to urea in the liver and excreted in the urine. However, if the liver is not functioning properly or if there is an excess of protein in the diet, ammonia can accumulate in the blood and cause a condition called hyperammonemia. Hyperammonemia can lead to serious neurological symptoms, such as confusion, seizures, and coma, and is treated by lowering the level of ammonia in the blood through medications, dietary changes, and dialysis.

Pediococcus is a genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci that typically occur in pairs or tetrads. These bacteria are catalase-negative and non-motile. They are commonly found in various environments such as plants, dairy products, and fermented foods. Some species of Pediococcus can cause food spoilage, while others are used in the production of fermented foods like sauerkraut and certain cheeses due to their ability to produce lactic acid. They are not typically associated with human diseases, but rarely can cause infection in immunocompromised individuals.

Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic, non-spore-forming bacteria. They are part of the normal flora found in the intestinal, urinary, and genital tracts of humans and other animals. Lactobacilli are also commonly found in some fermented foods, such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and sourdough bread.

Lactobacilli are known for their ability to produce lactic acid through the fermentation of sugars, which contributes to their role in maintaining a healthy microbiota and lowering the pH in various environments. Some species of Lactobacillus have been shown to provide health benefits, such as improving digestion, enhancing immune function, and preventing infections, particularly in the urogenital and intestinal tracts. They are often used as probiotics, either in food or supplement form, to promote a balanced microbiome and support overall health.

Ruminants are a category of hooved mammals that are known for their unique digestive system, which involves a process called rumination. This group includes animals such as cattle, deer, sheep, goats, and giraffes, among others. The digestive system of ruminants consists of a specialized stomach with multiple compartments (the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum).

Ruminants primarily consume plant-based diets, which are high in cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that is difficult for many animals to digest. In the rumen, microbes break down the cellulose into simpler compounds, producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that serve as a major energy source for ruminants. The animal then regurgitates the partially digested plant material (known as cud), chews it further to mix it with saliva and additional microbes, and swallows it again for further digestion in the rumen. This process of rumination allows ruminants to efficiently extract nutrients from their fibrous diets.

Dietary proteins are sources of protein that come from the foods we eat. Protein is an essential nutrient for the human body, required for various bodily functions such as growth, repair, and immune function. Dietary proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion, which are then absorbed and used to synthesize new proteins in the body.

Dietary proteins can be classified as complete or incomplete based on their essential amino acid content. Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids that cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. Examples of complete protein sources include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, soy, and quinoa.

Incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids and are typically found in plant-based foods such as grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. However, by combining different incomplete protein sources, it is possible to obtain all the essential amino acids needed for a complete protein diet. This concept is known as complementary proteins.

It's important to note that while dietary proteins are essential for good health, excessive protein intake can have negative effects on the body, such as increased stress on the kidneys and bones. Therefore, it's recommended to consume protein in moderation as part of a balanced and varied diet.

Silage (/ˈsaɪlɪdʒ/) is a type of fodder made from green foliage crops which have been preserved by fermentation to the point of acidification. (wikipedia.org)
It is impossible to produce high-quality silage from low-quality pasture, no matter how good the fermentation is. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
Bagging silage too dry can cause uneven packing and lead to poor fermentation. (farmprogress.com)
It is important to test for whole plant moisture before chopping silage to ensure normal fermentation. (kemin.com)
Better packing results in less air in the silage and helps speed fermentation. (kemin.com)
Wet silage (moisture over 72% and dry matter less than 28%) favors Clostridia fermentation, which produces a fishy, rancid odor from butyric acid. (kemin.com)
Silage SAVOR Dry or Silage SAVOR Plus Liquid, when applied to less-than-ideal silage, can help reduce non-beneficial organisms while increasing ideal fermentation. (kemin.com)
If silage is too wet, you will have considerable drainage, and maybe even incorrect fermentation. (unl.edu)
Conversely, if silage gets too dry, it will be hard to pack and remove the oxygen during storage, which can lead to greater losses, spoilage, and perhaps incorrect fermentation. (unl.edu)
Silage tests can be done to illustrate how well fermentation proceeded during ensiling. (unl.edu)
Fermentation "Plus"™ is an inoculant for silage that contains live and naturally occurring microorganisms to ferment most plant materials. (midwesternbioag.com)
Fermentation "Plus" also helps prevent silage spoilage by inhibiting growth of harmful organisms. (midwesternbioag.com)
At 60 days of fermentation Dr. Acharya determined that fermentation had not gone to completion and the silage should be ensiled for at least a 90-day period. (wardlab.com)
Silage is preserved by fermentation and normally is 40 to 60% dry matter (or 60 to 40% moisture). (thedairysite.com)
Yeast begins to grow in the presence of oxygen and that yeast metabolize the lactic acid that was formed during silage fermentation," he said. (osu.edu)
However, little is known about how various applications of fungicide on corn change the nutrients of individual parts of the corn plant, alter the fermentation of corn silage once ensiled, and affect the milk production when fed to dairy cattle. (illinois.edu)
Therefore, if the corn is not inoculated at harvest, there is a risk that these undesirable bacteria will dominate the fermentation process, resulting in a poorly fermented silage. (lallemandanimalnutrition.com)
Treating corn silage with a condition specific inoculant will not only maintain the corn silage quality, but it also reduces DM losses through the fermentation and losses due to instability. (lallemandanimalnutrition.com)

High counts of lactate-consuming yeasts are of greater aerobic stability concern because their metabolism of lactic acid elevates silage pH, creating an environment conducive to spoilage bacteria and mold growth. (pioneer.com)
Rate of spoilage will vary depending on the type of silage and weather conditions. (thedairysite.com)
Spoilage will be fastest during warm conditions with high quality silage such as maize or ryegrass. (thedairysite.com)
Maintaining silage piles is also key to preventing feed spoilage or silage quality degradation, Lewandowski said. (osu.edu)
Poorly fermented maize silage will lose DM both through the ensiling period due to undesirable bacterial growth, and through increased spoilage when the silage is opened (due to yeast and mold growth in aerobic conditions). (lallemandanimalnutrition.com)

Harvest of wheat and other small grain silages comes at a time when corn silage supplies usually are depleted. (missouri.edu)
Yeasts are a natural component of the microbial epiphytic populations (naturally found on the crop) of corn silage, cereal silage and high-moisture grains at the time of harvest. (pioneer.com)
ISU specialist offers tips for harvest and storage of weather-damaged corn for silage. (farmprogress.com)
It may be difficult to harvest good-quality corn silage if the crop has weather damage and the economic value of the silage will likely be lower than silage from non-damaged fields. (farmprogress.com)
With unplanned silage harvest, flexible storage alternatives are needed, Dougherty says. (farmprogress.com)
Harvest corn silage - check. (hayandforage.com)
Late corn planting this year will naturally increase the risk of frost damage before producers can harvest corn silage. (kemin.com)
First, be sure to harvest frost-damaged silage at the optimal moisture. (kemin.com)
With frost-damaged corn silage, it is difficult to harvest in the ideal moisture window. (kemin.com)
Now is the time of year we start to get questions about the possibility of controlling weeds after silage harvest. (no-tillfarmer.com)
If perennial weeds (such as pokeweed, horsenettle, smooth groundcherry, Canada thistle, quackgrass, Johnsongrass, and dandelion) or biennial weeds (such as common burdock, wild carrot, and bull thistle) are present after silage harvest, then fall can be an excellent time to manage these. (no-tillfarmer.com)
So, depending on the weed species in question, after silage harvest may be too late. (no-tillfarmer.com)
The following recipe provides an introductory approach to integrating a cover crop after corn silage harvest and planting corn for grain or silage as the next crop. (msu.edu)
Being in central Nebraska, I think his research could not only increase the nutritional content of the silages produced, but also the value of grazing the cornstalks by a beef enterprise after harvest. (wardlab.com)
As anyone who has been a part of a silage harvest crew, or who has organized one can attest, time is of the essence. (realagriculture.com)

Studies show barley silage as being equal to corn silage, but they show that oat silage has about 50 percent the value of corn silage in beef rations. (missouri.edu)
The resources section at the end of this article has links to information to help with pricing forages in the field and determining the economic value of corn silage. (farmprogress.com)
Research in Pennsylvania has shown that nitrogen rates should be increased by about 20 lb/acre compared to grain based on the feed value of corn silage. (wisc.edu)

The output of the research will inform farmers of the best species composition and management practices to produce high quality silage which will compete in terms of animal performance with predominant grassland leys. (fems-microbiology.org)

Bags are a good option for storing silage. (farmprogress.com)

Harvesting corn silage at the right moisture is always important, but it may be just a little bit more important in 2021. (hayandforage.com)

Silage is usually made from grass crops, including maize, sorghum, or other cereals, using the entire green plant (not just the grain). (wikipedia.org)
Silage can be made from many field crops, and special terms may be used depending on type: oatlage for oats, haylage for alfalfa (haylage may also refer to high dry matter silage made from hay). (wikipedia.org)
Corn silage is often grown in rotation with legume forage crops and on land that has a history of manure applications. (wisc.edu)
Because of the lack of crop residue on corn silage fields, manure applications should be managed to minimize potential runoff problems by using cover crops or incorporating the manure where necessary. (wisc.edu)
Please see http://www.uwex.edu/ces/crops/uwforage/Silage.htm for an up-to-date listing. (wisc.edu)
It might be of benefit to your operation weather it is vining soybean corn silage or grazing cover crops or feeding from the waste stream, feed testing and good ration and diet formulation can lead to success of a livestock operation. (wardlab.com)
Some crops and pastures such as ryegrass and maize are easy to make into silage while legumes and summer grasses including forage sorghum require ideal drying conditions to get a good result. (thedairysite.com)

The purpose of this program is to provide unbiased performance comparisons of hybrid seed corn for both grain and silage available in Wisconsin. (wisc.edu)
In 2012, grain and silage performance trials were planted at 14 locations in four production zones: the southern, south central, north central, and northern zones. (wisc.edu)
Grain and silage yields were below the 10-year average at most sites. (wisc.edu)
Suffocation in flowing grain is the most common cause of death associated with grain storage structures in the United States (1,2): during 1985-1989, suffocation accounted for 49 grain- and silage-handling-associated fatalities (3). (cdc.gov)
Safe grain and silage handling. (cdc.gov)

The increased amount of silage harvested will exceed the current silage storage capacity on many farms. (farmprogress.com)
To better ensure nutritional silage, the goal should be to create sound silage piles and remove an adequate amount of silage each day from the bunker so that the face of the silage remains fresh and silage quality is maintained, Lewandowski said. (osu.edu)

Finally, consider switching from an inoculant to a buffered organic acid like Silage SAVOR ® Dry or Silage SAVOR ® Plus Liquid . (kemin.com)

Demonstrated understanding of silage production and grazing livestock systems is essential (and preferably within temperate grasslands). (fems-microbiology.org)
Before harvesting corn for silage, be sure you have a market for the silage or a sufficient number of livestock to feed it to," says Brian Dougherty, Iowa State University Extension ag engineering specialist. (farmprogress.com)
If high nitrate concentrations are a concern, submit a sample to a forage testing lab before the silage is fed to livestock. (farmprogress.com)
LaDon Johnson, former NDSU livestock specialist, suggests blending corn and sunflower silages together when packing as one method. (ndsu.edu)
Since corn silage is often produced on livestock farms where manure is available, appropriate management of the manure resources is critical to maximize profitability. (wisc.edu)
Managing bale moisture is an important consideration in properly conserving high-quality baled silages for subsequent cash sale or use in livestock feeding operations. (hayandforage.com)
WOOSTER, Ohio - Livestock producers need to take extra care when creating and maintaining stored silage piles to not only ensure they produce quality animal feed but also to lessen the risk of injury or even death from suffocation caused by an accidental silage avalanche. (osu.edu)

In this video, nutrition consultant David Lewis and New South Wales dairy farmer Lachlan Marshall run through their quick tips for better quality silage. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
Dairy Australia's Quality Pasture Silage - Five easy steps booklet expands on these steps more. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
The TopFodder Successful Silage manual has detailed information on the basic principles and practicalities of producing silage in Australia, from growing and harvesting the parent forage to storing and feeding the silage to dairy cows. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
A range of information has been produced as part of TopFodder, a joint initiative of Dairy Australia and NSW Department of Primary Industries which aims to improve the quality of silage produced on Australian farms. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
One hundred and forty silage analysis reports were submitted to the competition, across dairy, beef & sheep, big bale and young farmers classes. (agriscot.co.uk)
Second and third prizes in the Dairy Clamp class were awarded to silages from the more traditional dairy heartlands of Dumfriesshire, with Willie Young, Waterside Mains, Thornhill taking second and John Mackie, Dalfibble, Dumfries third. (agriscot.co.uk)
and when corn silage is fed to dairy cattle on milk production, milk components, blood metabolites, and cow health. (illinois.edu)
Corn grown during the summer of 2014 was ensiled and fed to dairy cows, while corn grown during the summer of 2015 evaluated the plant and corn silage. (illinois.edu)

Some Missouri cattle feeders are cutting wheat for silage then planting the field with corn silage or grain sorghum to produce a large tonnage of feed per acre. (missouri.edu)
Cattle feeders have produced 70 to 120 bushels of grain sorghum per acre after harvesting 7 to 9 tons of wheat silage per acre. (missouri.edu)

In the Kansas studies, steers with initial weights of 500 to 670 pounds that were fed corn or barley silage for 90 to 120 days gained from 1.9 to 2.7 pounds daily. (missouri.edu)
In 2 experiments with steers (initial live weight 339 kg) the effect of dried grass, barley and concentrates on the intake of wilted and unwilted grass and whole-crop barley silage was investigated. (eurekamag.com)

Sunflower silage can make a suitable feed for beef cows, but the challenge is getting it put up because sunflowers typically don't dry-down well," according to Greg Lardy, North Dakota State University beef specialist. (ndsu.edu)
This is especially concerning when feeding silage to pregnant cows. (unl.edu)
Concentration of milk lactose tended to be greater for cows fed corn silage treated with foliar fungicide when compared with CON. (illinois.edu)

A moisture range of 65% to 72% works well for corn silage in drive-over piles. (farmprogress.com)
The key to making quality silage in piles is achieving good packing density. (farmprogress.com)
5) Be safe around silage piles. (unl.edu)
Creating safe and nutritional silage piles starts with making sure the height is never higher than what your loading or unloading equipment can safely reach, which is typically 12-14 feet above the silage floor, said Rory Lewandowski, an Ohio State University Extension agriculture and natural resources educator. (osu.edu)

Therefore, successful silage making is often a trade-off between yield and quality. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
Making and feeding high quality pasture silage with lower fibre levels encourages higher feed intakes and better cow performance. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
This position will investigate the best optimum mixtures and conditions which will ensure high quality silage production from diverse forage mixtures so that a major issue associated with adoption of these multifunctional swards can be overcome. (fems-microbiology.org)
Yeasts can exert a profound impact on silage at the time of feeding in terms of quality and aerobic stability (heating). (pioneer.com)
A soil fertility program for corn silage should maximize yields of high quality forage without using excess nutrients, which wastes money and can lead to nutrient runoff or leaching. (wisc.edu)
Good soil fertility management can improve the forage quality of the silage. (wisc.edu)
A couple of weeks ago at the American Society of Animal Science Midwest meeting in Omaha, I listened to a talk about getting more creative with corn silage: "Production of High-Quality Forage through Unique Forage Blends" presented by Dr. Ishwary Acharya. (wardlab.com)
So, I have seen the range and variation in the nutrient quality of silages used in the area. (wardlab.com)
In this study, the resulting silage had increase yield, forage quality, and protein compared with typical corn silage. (wardlab.com)
Despite a challenging year for silage making across the country, AgriScot's silage competition attracted over 70 high quality entries, which were whittled down to 12 finalists, with fresh samples judged on the day. (agriscot.co.uk)
The AgriScot Silage Competition, judged as part of the special awards ceremony held at Ingliston recently, rewarded quality silages produced on farms as far apart as Stromness and Stranraer. (agriscot.co.uk)
Use of hay or silage for longer term feeding after a flood, fire or during drought depends on feed quality and cost relative to other feeding alternatives. (thedairysite.com)
Making hay and silage never improves feed quality - the challenge is to retain as much of the feed value of the standing crop or pasture as possible. (thedairysite.com)
Once silage is exposed to air, its quality begins to decline, he said. (osu.edu)
As yeast metabolizes the lactic acid, silage pH begins to increase and this allows fungi and bacteria to grow, which results in silage quality degradation. (osu.edu)
When collecting a silage sample for quality analysis, do not sample from the silage face. (osu.edu)
From planting to feeding, there is a lot to consider when it comes to growing, and keeping a high quality silage. (realagriculture.com)
That was the goal of a 2014 study led by Dr. Wenwei Xu, AgriLife Research corn breeder in Lubbock, and Thomas Marek, AgriLife Research irrigation engineer in Amarillo, and contributed to by Texas Tech University graduate students Karl Brauer and Traci Bland, which showed the biggest factor in corn silage quality was water. (agfax.com)
A Texas A&M AgriLife Research study determined the biggest factor in corn silage quality is water. (agfax.com)
Quality is such an important part of silage that if a producer is even a half inch short on irrigation, it can affect silage quality, he said. (agfax.com)
Irrigated corn requires a balance between water conservation and silage quality," Brauer said. (agfax.com)
Silage quality decreased with decreasing ET. (agfax.com)
However, the advent of new DNA analytical methods such as metagenomics suggests that corn silage is no different than other forages when trying to produce the best quality silage. (lallemandanimalnutrition.com)
Many of these bacteria can be undesirable with regards to making good quality silage. (lallemandanimalnutrition.com)

Suffocation is a major concern in the event of a silage avalanche and the minutes saved in a rescue attempt when not working alone could mean the difference between life and death. (osu.edu)

Don't overfill bunkers with several feet of loose silage before deciding to pack with tractors or packing equipment. (unl.edu)
You should always cover silage stored in bunkers with plastic. (unl.edu)

If silage is not correctly packed into a bunker (or bagged or put in silos), oxygen will remain in the pile which leads to greater shrink losses. (unl.edu)
4) Feeding silage out of the bunker. (unl.edu)
Loose silage at the bottom of the bunker face should be minimized daily. (unl.edu)
Fatalities have occurred from silage falling on someone sampling or working around the face of the bunker. (unl.edu)
Proper bunker height, face management, and removal of plastic from the top of the bunker are important safety considerations when feeding silage. (unl.edu)
If shrink increases above 15% (meaning you have less than 85% of the dry material fed compared to dry material you put in the bunker), then silage is likely not an economical choice for you to feed to cattle. (unl.edu)

In contrast, forage that is too wet will lose soluble nutrients from excessive seepage and will produce an unpalatable silage high in butyric acid. (missouri.edu)

Fermentative bacteria, especially the lactic acid bacteria, utilize plant sugars to produce acids that drive silage to a stable, terminal pH. (pioneer.com)
It can help you produce superior silage with low pH and high lactic acid. (midwesternbioag.com)

Because of frost damage, some sunflower producers are considering harvesting their sunflowers as a silage this year. (ndsu.edu)
Silage time has arrived for many producers. (unl.edu)
Some producers have been forced to put up silage due to hail but many are considering silage over grain based on economical beef production when feeding silage. (unl.edu)
Here are some key considerations for beef producers to consider before and during use of silage in their operation. (unl.edu)
First, to produce the best possible corn silage, the crop was chopped higher than producers typically chop corn silage. (wardlab.com)
Of course, I would advocate that producers test both their silage and try to get a representative idea of what has been left on their field to provide necessary supplementation. (wardlab.com)
Producers should use equipment that allows for the silage pile to maintain a smooth face to try to minimize the penetration of air into the new silo face as silage is removed," he said. (osu.edu)
Many producers believe that corn silage will ferment quite adequately naturally, due to the high sugar content and the easy-to- ensile nature of the crop. (lallemandanimalnutrition.com)
Therefore, the use of silage as a feed supplement during tambaqui farming is a sustainable alternative for producers, as it leads to a reduction of impacts of fish and vegetables waste disposal. (bvsalud.org)

Will nitrate levels in corn silage drop during the ensiling process? (missouri.edu)
Yes, typically nitrate levels drop 25-50 percent during the ensiling process if the silage ferments well. (missouri.edu)
Do nitrate levels in bagged corn silage get lower like nitrate levels of silage in a pit? (missouri.edu)
Increasing cutting height can help lower the concentrations in the silage, but it does not guarantee that the nitrate levels in the feed will be safe. (missouri.edu)

However, the ratio of grain to fodder in the silage does not change as much as is often anticipated. (missouri.edu)

Nebraska Extension Beef Feedlot Specialist Galen Erickson talks about how silage might make more financial sense to farmers. (unl.edu)

Haylage sometimes refers to high dry matter silage of around 40% to 60%, typically made from hay. (wikipedia.org)
In silage, aerobic conditions typically exist at the beginning of the ensiling process and during feedout, while anaerobic conditions predominate during the storage phase. (pioneer.com)
Typically, the feeding value is about 85 percent of that of normal corn silage feeding value. (missouri.edu)

For the silage, I would recommend testing crude protein, acid detergent fiber to predict energy values and neutral detergent fiber to predict dry matter intakes at a minimum noting that the sample would need to be ran as a wet chemistry feed test and that the addition of soybean to the silage would not allow for a reliable and accurate NIR scan. (wardlab.com)
In the Big Bale section, Tom Bennie, Oxhill, Stirlingshire won with his silage combing an ME of 11.8 with a crude protein of 15.0 with Hamish Dykes, South Slipperfield, West Linton coming in second and Craig Bothwell, Cleugh Farm in third. (agriscot.co.uk)
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of tambaqui fingerlings fed four different levels of silage included in commercial feed with 28% crude protein , over two periods 45 and 90 days. (bvsalud.org)

In situations where immature or drought-stressed corn is being harvested, there is potential for high nitrate concentrations in the silage. (farmprogress.com)
Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) additions to the silage can be used to increase protein concentrations above those needed for maximum yield. (wisc.edu)
The total protein concentrations increased significantly in the plasma of tambaqui fed with diets with the inclusion of 5 and 10% of silage , evaluated after feeding for 45 days. (bvsalud.org)

Depending on what other feeds are mixed in the silage pile, nutrient contents may change. (ndsu.edu)
Silage which is too wet will result in 'sour' fermentations which can be less palatable when fed and poorer nutrient content. (ndsu.edu)
Consequently, soil testing is an essential aspect of soil nutrient management for corn silage. (wisc.edu)

Also, wheat silage can be a hedge against drought because it matures before the dry summer months. (missouri.edu)
With many fields suffering wind damage and corn yields also crippled by drought, more farmers than usual will be making silage rather than harvesting corn for grain this fall. (farmprogress.com)
How does feeding value of drought-damaged corn silage compare to that of traditional corn silage? (missouri.edu)
Can drought-damaged corn be made into baleage (large round-bale silage)? (missouri.edu)

For example, plastic bags and upright silos allow for nearly complete removal of oxygen in the silage mass. (kemin.com)
In either case, farmers who enter silos, work with silage bags, or remain near open silo hatches during the first 10 days after filling may experience NO 2 toxicity in a phenomenon known as silo filler's disease. (medscape.com)

Spoiled silage has lower feed value, may be unpalatable and can be an animal health risk, with moulds and botulism the major concerns. (thedairysite.com)

When cereals were harvested in the mid-dough stage, yields were 6 to 9 tons per acre with protein about 2 percentage points higher than corn silage in dry matter. (missouri.edu)
The protein content of corn silage increases as the availability of nitrogen increases. (wisc.edu)
Low protein silage is a signal that nitrogen was defiant during the growing season. (wisc.edu)
The idea behind Dr. Acharya's presentation was to double crop corn and vining soybeans to produce high protein low fiber silage without sacrificing yield. (wardlab.com)
Silage produced with fish and vegetables residues is a low- cost and efficient protein source. (bvsalud.org)

Silo filler's disease (which mostly affects farmers) results from inhaling fumes that contain nitrogen dioxide given off by moist silage, such as fresh corn or grains. (msdmanuals.com)
A form of alveolitis or PNEUMONITIS caused by hypersensitivity to high level of inhaled nitrogen oxides, decomposition products of silage. (bvsalud.org)

Yeast will reproduce during aerobic conditions (but not as fast as bacteria), explaining why overly dry, poorly compacted and slow-feedout silages with high air porosity often display such high yeast (and aerobic bacillus) counts. (pioneer.com)

Experience in, or knowledge of, pasture productivity measurements and silage microbiology or biochemistry is essential. (fems-microbiology.org)

Kansas State University studies indicated that wheat, barley and oat silages harvested in the mid-dough stage of maturity produced the greatest total digestible nutrients (TDN) and the best beef gain per acre when fed to cattle (Table 1). (missouri.edu)
Maturity effects on wheat silage. (missouri.edu)

LODGED CORN: Harvesting against the direction in which the crop is leaning helps gather the corn into the silage chopper. (farmprogress.com)
When harvesting lodged corn for silage, use a Kemper head if possible. (farmprogress.com)
The keys to good silage storability are harvesting at correct moisture, achieving good packing density, properly installing and maintaining silage covers, and selecting a good location for storage. (farmprogress.com)
I think over the years we've learned that we have to be patient when we're harvesting to get the silage off at the right time," says Ryan Kasko of Kasko Cattle Co. "Especially corn - I think I've been prone to taking it off too early and having too high moisture. (realagriculture.com)

Lower risk was associated with organic tally to Tg-mice ( 9 ) and sheep ( 10 ), but histopathologic farms (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.02-1.26), feeding corn silage (OR features of atypical scrapie have suggested similarities with 0.16, 95% CI 0.05-0.53), and feeding vitamin and mineral human spontaneous TSE (Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker supplements (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.32-1.14). (cdc.gov)

Consequently, dry feed must be added to the silage pile to reduce the moisture level to a point where seepage is not a major problem. (ndsu.edu)
Johnson also recommends blending dry forage into the silage pile as a means of reducing the moisture content. (ndsu.edu)
How you manage the surface of the silage pile matters the rest of the year. (unl.edu)
Once silage is put in a pile, it is always a good idea to sample that pile after three to four weeks (when ensiling is complete) to test for energy content, pH, and moisture. (unl.edu)
The biggest concern is that we can have these silage avalanches where silage will break off the face of the pile that you are drawing feed from, burying anyone beneath it," he said. (osu.edu)

The grass or other forage is cut and partly dried until it contains 30-40% moisture (much drier than bulk silage, but too damp to be stored as dry hay). (wikipedia.org)
Yeasts are also found in grass or legume silages, especially those ensiled at less than 55% moisture. (pioneer.com)

On the other extreme, dry silage does not pack well, and oxygen-loving mold and wild yeast can proliferate. (kemin.com)
Silage SAVOR Dry and Silage SAVOR Plus Liquid both contain a blend of multiple organic acid which help to control mold, wild yeast and certain bacterial strains. (kemin.com)

High potassium levels in the silage may be undesirable for some feeding programs and may be an indicator of excessive potassium availability. (wisc.edu)

The higher the grain content of the small grain silage, the higher the feeding value. (missouri.edu)
A lower grain content is the reason studies show oat silage to be inferior to other small grain silages for beef cattle feed. (missouri.edu)
Optimal moisture content in sunflower silage appears to be 60 to 72 percent (28 to 40 percent dry matter). (ndsu.edu)
Silage has many advantages when made and used on farm, however high moisture content and perishability compared to hay are disadvantages when purchasing and transporting silage. (thedairysite.com)

The abundance and types of bacteria found in corn silage change in silage treated with MAGNIVA Platinum 1 compared to an untreated control over 64 days (Figure 2). (lallemandanimalnutrition.com)
At 64 days ensiling, the only type of bacteria to be found in the treated silage was Lactobacillus , which helps reduce the risk of heating or spoiling. (lallemandanimalnutrition.com)

Wheat, barley and oat silages are often underrated as feed for growing and finishing beef cattle. (missouri.edu)
Six years of study at Kansas State University showed that the performance level of beef cattle on rations high in wheat silage were about 80 percent of the performance level of beef cattle on corn silage rations. (missouri.edu)
In the Beef section, James Marshall, SRUC Easter Howgate won with his silage particularly impressing the judges with an ME of 12.3 with Ian & John Whiteford, Hill Tarvit Mains coming in second & R Black, Drochil Castle Farm in third. (agriscot.co.uk)

Anatomy2

Organisms11

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture15

Health Care2

Behavioral, nutritional, and toxicological responses of cattle to ensiled leafy spurge. (1/245)

Effect of reconstituting field-dried and early-harvested sorghum grain on the ensiling characteristics of the grain and on growth performance and carcass merit of feedlot heifers. (2/245)

Characterization and identification of Pediococcus species isolated from forage crops and their application for silage preparation. (3/245)

Identification of Lactobacillus isolates from the gastrointestinal tract, silage, and yoghurt by 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region sequence comparisons. (4/245)

Evaluation of wheat-based thin stillage as a water source for growing and finishing beef cattle. (5/245)

Feeding value of wheat-based thin stillage: in vitro protein degradability and effects on ruminal fermentation. (6/245)

Steam-processed corn and sorghum grain flaked at different densities alter ruminal, small intestinal, and total tract digestibility of starch by steers. (7/245)

Effects of level and source of carbohydrate and level of degradable intake protein on intake and digestion of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay by beef steers. (8/245)

No images available that match "silage"

Silage

Poaceae

Animal Feed

Rumen

Zea mays

Digestion

Medicago sativa

Fermentation

Lolium

Cattle

Trifolium

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

Nitrogen

Molasses

Eating

Dietary Fiber

Cereals

Formates

Omasum

Nutritive Value

Hordeum

Meat

Fish Products

Fatty Acids, Volatile

Weight Gain

Food Storage

Diet

Food Handling

Random Allocation

Mastication

Ammonia

Pediococcus

Lactobacillus

Ruminants

Dietary Proteins

Behavioral, nutritional, and toxicological responses of cattle to ensiled leafy spurge. (1/245)

Effect of reconstituting field-dried and early-harvested sorghum grain on the ensiling characteristics of the grain and on growth performance and carcass merit of feedlot heifers. (2/245)

Characterization and identification of Pediococcus species isolated from forage crops and their application for silage preparation. (3/245)

Identification of Lactobacillus isolates from the gastrointestinal tract, silage, and yoghurt by 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region sequence comparisons. (4/245)

Evaluation of wheat-based thin stillage as a water source for growing and finishing beef cattle. (5/245)

Feeding value of wheat-based thin stillage: in vitro protein degradability and effects on ruminal fermentation. (6/245)

Steam-processed corn and sorghum grain flaked at different densities alter ruminal, small intestinal, and total tract digestibility of starch by steers. (7/245)

Effects of level and source of carbohydrate and level of degradable intake protein on intake and digestion of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay by beef steers. (8/245)

Fermentation18

Spoilage5

Harvest15

Value of corn silage3

Produce high-quality silage1

Option for storin1

20211

Crops7

Grain and silage5

Amount of silage2

Inoculant1

Livestock7

Dairy8

Sorghum2

Barley silage2

Cows3

Piles4

Quality24

Suffocation1

Bunkers2

Bunker6

Butyric acid1

Lactic2

Producers9

Nitrate levels4

Fodder1

Galen Erickson1

Typically3

Crude protein3

Concentrations3

Nutrient3

Drought4

Silos2

Unpalatable1

Protein5

Nitrogen2

Aerobic1