Sickness Impact Profile
Quality of Life
Activities of Daily Living
Health Status Indicators
Questionnaires
Oral Health
Motion Sickness
Disability Evaluation
Jaw, Edentulous
Mouth Diseases
Dental Health Surveys
Serum Sickness
Sick Leave
Decompression Sickness
Health Status
African Horse Sickness
Reproducibility of Results
Cross-Sectional Studies
Trypanosomiasis, African
Quality of life associated with varying degrees of chronic lower limb ischaemia: comparison with a healthy sample. (1/1286)
OBJECTIVES: To assess quality of life in patients with varying degrees of ischaemia in comparison with controls, and to determine whether the degree of lower limb ischaemia and sense of coherence were associated with quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 168 patients, including 93 claudicants and 75 patients with critical ischaemia and 102 controls were studied. Quality of life was assessed using the Nottingham Health Profile in addition to the Sense of Coherence scale. MAIN RESULTS: Patients with lower limb ischaemia scored significantly reduced quality of life in all aspects compared to controls. Pain, physical mobility and emotional reactions were the significant independent factors when using logistic regression analysis. The grade of disease and low sense of coherence were significantly associated with low quality of life. Increasing lower limb ischaemia significantly conferred worse pain, sleeping disturbances and immobility. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the quality of life was impaired among patients with lower limb ischaemia, in all investigated respects. The degree to which quality of life was affected seems to represent an interplay between the grade of ischaemia and the patient's sense of coherence. This suggests the need for a multidimensional assessment prior to intervention. (+info)Quality of life in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. (2/1286)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Quality of life is an important determinant of the effectiveness of health technologies, but it has rarely been assessed in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). PATIENTS/METHODS: The non-disease specific sickness impact profile (SIP) and the disease specific inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) were used on a cohort of 49 patients receiving HPN, and the results compared with those for 36 non-HPN patients with either anatomical (<200 cm) or functional (faecal energy excretion >2.0 MJ/day (approximately 488 kcal/day)) short bowel. RESULTS: In the HPN patients the SIP scores were worse (higher) overall (17 (13)% v 8 (9)%) and with regard to physical (13 (15)% v 5 (8)%) and psychosocial (14 (12)% v 9 (11)%) dimensions and independent categories (20 (12)% v 9 (8)%) compared with the non-HPN patients (means (SD); all p<0.001). The IBDQ scores were worse (lower) in the HPN patients overall (5.0 (4.3-5.7) v 5.6 (4.8-6.2)) and with regard to systemic symptoms (3.8 (2.8-5.4) v 5.2 (3.9-5.9)) and emotional (5.3 (4.4-6.2) v 5.8 (5.4-6.4)) and social (4.3 (3.4-5. 5) v 4.8 (4.5-5.8)) function (median (25-75%); all p<0.05), but only tended to be worse with regard to bowel symptoms (5.2 (4.8-6.1) v 5.7 (4.9-6.4), p = 0.08). HPN also reduced quality of life in patients with a stoma, whereas a stoma did not reduce quality of life among the non-HPN patients. Female HPN patients and HPN patients older than 45 scored worse. CONCLUSION: Quality of life is reduced in patients on HPN compared with those with anatomical or functional short bowel not receiving HPN, and compares with that reported for patients with chronic renal failure treated by dialysis. (+info)Correlation of quality of life with clinical symptoms and signs at the time of glaucoma diagnosis. (3/1286)
PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between clinical measures of visual function and patient-reported measures of symptoms and health status in a large cohort of glaucoma patients at the time of diagnosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The 607 patients in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) received standardized examinations of visual acuity and visual field at enrollment. In addition, they completed a health-related quality-of-life instrument, which included the Visual Activities Questionnaire (VAQ), Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), a symptom and a comorbidity chart, a question about their degree of worry about becoming blind, and many other items. RESULTS: The SIP total and dimension scores correlated only weakly, and not significantly, with visual acuity and visual field measures. The VAQ total and subscale scores, particularly the peripheral vision subscale, correlated weakly and significantly with visual acuity and visual field scores, especially those from the better eye. Worry about blindness and symptoms attributed to glaucoma correlated weakly but significantly to visual field scores from the worse eye. Attempts to improve correlations by scoring the visual fields differently, including only paracentral and pericentral test locations in the scores, and simulating binocular visual field scores were largely unsuccessful. CONCLUSIONS: At diagnosis, most patients were relatively free of glaucoma-induced impairments, so clinical measures were poor predictors of a patient's perception of health-related quality of life. The vision-specific VAQ and glaucoma-related symptom score correlated better than the generic SIP with clinical measures at the time of enrollment into CIGTS. (+info)The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease. (4/1286)
BACKGROUND: The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for society. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease. The measures were total mortality, years of life lost, and number of hospital days in 1994 and incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (one disability-adjusted life-year is defined as the loss of one year of healthy life to disease) in 1990. With the use of these measures as explanatory variables in a regression analysis, predicted funding was calculated and compared with actual funding. RESULTS: There was no relation between the amount of NIH funding and the incidence, prevalence, or number of hospital days attributed to each condition or disease (P=0.82, P=0.23, and P=0.21, respectively). The numbers of deaths (r=0.40, P=0.03) and years of life lost (r=0.42, P=0.02) were weakly associated with funding, whereas the number of disability-adjusted life-years was strongly predictive of funding (r=0.62, P<0.001). When the latter three measures were used to predict expected funding, the conclusions about the appropriateness of funding for some diseases varied according to the measure used. However, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, and dementia all received relatively generous funding, regardless of which measure was used as the basis for calculating support. Research on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, perinatal conditions, and peptic ulcer was relatively underfunded. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of NIH funding for research on a disease is associated with the burden of the disease; however, different measures of the burden of disease may yield different conclusions about the appropriateness of disease-specific funding levels. (+info)Measuring the impact of Parkinson's disease with the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life questionnaire. (5/1286)
OBJECTIVES: To assess the validity of the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life (PDQL) questionnaire, a patient-specific multi-dimensional quality of life measure, in a community-based sample of patients with Parkinson's disease (PI)) using standardized measures of disease severity, depressive symptomatology and cognitive function. DESIGN: A group of 194 patients with probable PD were randomly selected from a community-based register and were invited to self-complete the 37-item PDQL. Disease severity was measured by the disease-specific Webster scale, cognition by the CAMCOG neuropsychological test and depressive symptomatology by the self-report 15-item GDS-15 geriatric depression scale. RESULTS: A total of 136 patients returned completed PDQL questionnaires. Significant differences (P < 0.05) emerged between the pooled PDQL score of patients grouped on the basis of disease severity. Depressive symptoms and cognition were also associated with poorer perceived quality of life as measured by the PDQL. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study are indicative of the validity of the PDQL as an important additional measurement which reflects the impact of PD from the patient perspective. It shows poorer quality of life to be associated with increasing age, disease severity more severe depressive symptomatology and impaired cognitive functioning. However, the responsiveness of this instrument in the evaluation of care in PD remains to be determined. (+info)Factors related to impairment of activities of daily living. (6/1286)
OBJECTIVE: We examined the factors related to the impairment of activities of daily living (ADL). METHODS: ADL was evaluated by using ADL-20, which consists of 20 items from 4 major categories of activities; mobility, self-care, instrumental, and communication. The patients' gender, birth date, clinical diagnosis, past history, life styles, physical findings, laboratory data, and details of therapy were also recorded. Patients A total of 1,163 outpatients aged 50 years or older were included. Data from 1,093 patients were analyzed. RESULTS: We divided the subjects into two groups; Group I having full marks of ADL-20 (n=582) and group II exhibiting an impairment of ADL (n=511). Multiple logistic analysis revealed that in both sexes age and stroke were common independent factors related to the impairment of ADL. Other factors associated with impairment of ADL were smoking in men and presence of proteinuria in women. The presence of hyperlipidemia was associated with preservation of the ADL in women. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated significant associations of smoking in men and the presence of proteinuria in women with the impairment of ADL in elderly Japanese outpatients. There appears to be a sex difference in the risk factors of impairment of ADL. (+info)Aspects of certainty in patient classification using a health-related quality-of-life instrument in inflammatory bowel disease. (7/1286)
The study has focused on deriving a certainty measure for the classification of disease activity in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim is to build an Internet-based health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) questionnaire to continuously monitor a patient's condition. Data from 109 patients was collected four times in intervals of three months, using a standardized disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire, the Rating Form of IBD Patient Concern (RFIPC), extended with 11 additional questions. Correlation analysis showed that the RFIPC items along with "general wellbeing" were highly correlated (significance < 0.001). Factor analysis confirmed this high correlation and only one factor was identified among those variables. Multivariate discriminant analysis was successful to 78.1% in classifying between cases of remission and relapse. Implementation of a smooth threshold function decreased the classification error. However, discrimination regarding change in disease activity over time has to be further improved. (+info)Importance-satisfaction discrepancies are associated with health-related quality of life in five-year survivors of endocrine gastrointestinal tumours. (8/1286)
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the health-related-quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with endocrine gastrointestinal tumours. In this study, HRQoL was investigated in long-term survivors of endocrine GI tumours. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A questionnaire including the EORTC QLQ-C30 and ratings of importance of and satisfaction with a variety of HRQoL aspects was mailed to patients with carcinoid tumours (n = 64), or endocrine pancreatic tumours (EPT, n = 55). Median time since diagnosis was 120 months (range 60-360). The majority of patients (77 of 119) had ongoing treatment. RESULTS: The EORTC QLQ-C30 ratings suggest that in spite of a long disease duration and treatment, patients perceived their HRQoL as relatively good. There were no major differences in HRQoL ratings between patients with carcinoid tumours and those with EPT. Patients whose ratings of importance was higher than their ratings of satisfaction with a specific HRQoL aspect also evidenced a low HRQoL for that aspect. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that survivors of endocrine GI tumours enjoy a relatively good HRQoL and suggest that importance > satisfaction discrepancies identify patients with a low quality of life. (+info)The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) is a widely used, standardized measure of health-related quality of life and functional status. It is a self-reporting questionnaire that assesses the impact of illness or disability on an individual's daily life and functioning across multiple dimensions. The SIP evaluates four primary domains: physical, psychosocial, independent functioning, and overall health perception. These domains are further divided into 12 subscales, including sleep and rest, eating, work, home management, recreation and pastimes, ambulation, mobility, body care and movement, social interaction, communication, alertness behavior, and emotional behavior. The SIP is designed to measure both the severity and breadth of disability or impairment in individuals with a wide range of medical conditions. It has been used in research and clinical settings to evaluate treatment outcomes, compare the effectiveness of interventions, and monitor changes in health status over time.
Quality of Life (QOL) is a broad, multidimensional concept that usually includes an individual's physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs, and their relationship to salient features of their environment. It reflects the impact of disease and treatment on a patient's overall well-being and ability to function in daily life.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines QOL as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns." It is a subjective concept, meaning it can vary greatly from person to person.
In healthcare, QOL is often used as an outcome measure in clinical trials and other research studies to assess the impact of interventions or treatments on overall patient well-being.
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) are routine self-care activities that individuals usually do every day without assistance. These activities are widely used as a measure to determine the functional status and independence of a person, particularly in the elderly or those with disabilities or chronic illnesses. The basic ADLs include:
1. Personal hygiene: Bathing, washing hands and face, brushing teeth, grooming, and using the toilet.
2. Dressing: Selecting appropriate clothes and dressing oneself.
3. Eating: Preparing and consuming food, either independently or with assistive devices.
4. Mobility: Moving in and out of bed, chairs, or wheelchairs, walking independently or using mobility aids.
5. Transferring: Moving from one place to another, such as getting in and out of a car, bath, or bed.
There are also more complex Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) that assess an individual's ability to manage their own life and live independently. These include managing finances, shopping for groceries, using the telephone, taking medications as prescribed, preparing meals, and housekeeping tasks.
Health status indicators are measures used to assess and monitor the health and well-being of a population. They provide information about various aspects of health, such as mortality rates, morbidity rates, prevalence of chronic diseases, lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, and access to healthcare services. These indicators can be used to identify trends and disparities in health outcomes, inform policy decisions, allocate resources, and evaluate the effectiveness of public health interventions. Examples of health status indicators include life expectancy, infant mortality rate, prevalence of diabetes, smoking rates, and access to primary care.
A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.
Oral health is the scientific term used to describe the overall health status of the oral and related tissues, including the teeth, gums, palate, tongue, and mucosal lining. It involves the absence of chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and pharyngeal (throat) cancers, oral soft tissue lesions, birth defects such as cleft lip and palate, and other diseases and disorders that affect the oral cavity.
Good oral health also means being free of decay, gum disease, and other oral infections that can damage the teeth, gums, and bones of the mouth. It is essential to maintain good oral hygiene through regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups to prevent dental caries (cavities) and periodontal disease (gum disease).
Additionally, oral health is closely linked to overall health and well-being. Poor oral health has been associated with various systemic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory infections, and stroke. Therefore, maintaining good oral health can contribute to improved general health and quality of life.
Motion sickness is a condition characterized by a disturbance in the balance and orientation senses, often triggered by conflicting information received from the eyes, inner ears, and other bodily sensory systems. It's typically brought on by motion such as that experienced during travel in cars, trains, boats, or airplanes, or even while using virtual reality devices. Symptoms can include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and cold sweats.
The inner ear's vestibular system plays a key role in this condition. When the body is in motion but the inner ear remains still, or vice versa, it can cause the brain to receive conflicting signals about the body's state of motion, leading to feelings of disorientation and sickness.
Preventative measures for motion sickness include fixating on a stationary point outside the vehicle, avoiding reading or looking at electronic screens during travel, taking over-the-counter medications like dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) or scopolamine (Transderm Scop), and engaging in relaxation techniques such as deep breathing.
Disability Evaluation is the process of determining the nature and extent of a person's functional limitations or impairments, and assessing their ability to perform various tasks and activities in order to determine eligibility for disability benefits or accommodations. This process typically involves a medical examination and assessment by a licensed healthcare professional, such as a physician or psychologist, who evaluates the individual's symptoms, medical history, laboratory test results, and functional abilities. The evaluation may also involve input from other professionals, such as vocational experts, occupational therapists, or speech-language pathologists, who can provide additional information about the person's ability to perform specific tasks and activities in a work or daily living context. Based on this information, a determination is made about whether the individual meets the criteria for disability as defined by the relevant governing authority, such as the Social Security Administration or the Americans with Disabilities Act.
"Edentulous jaw" is a medical term used to describe a jaw that is missing all of its natural teeth. The term "edentulous" is derived from the Latin word "edentulus," which means "without teeth." This condition can affect either the upper jaw (maxilla) or the lower jaw (mandible), or both, resulting in a significant impact on an individual's ability to eat, speak, and maintain proper facial structure.
Edentulism is often associated with aging, as tooth loss becomes more common in older adults due to factors like gum disease, tooth decay, and injury. However, it can also affect younger individuals who have lost their teeth due to various reasons. Dental professionals typically recommend the use of dentures or dental implants to restore oral function and aesthetics for patients with edentulous jaws.
Mouth diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the oral cavity, including the lips, gums, teeth, tongue, palate, and lining of the mouth. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other organisms. They can also result from injuries, chronic illnesses, or genetic factors.
Some common examples of mouth diseases include dental caries (cavities), periodontal disease (gum disease), oral herpes, candidiasis (thrush), lichen planus, and oral cancer. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, redness, bleeding, bad breath, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and changes in the appearance of the mouth or teeth. Treatment depends on the specific diagnosis and may involve medications, dental procedures, or lifestyle changes.
Altitude sickness, also known as mountain sickness or hypobaropathy, is a condition that can occur when you travel to high altitudes (usually above 8000 feet or 2400 meters) too quickly. At high altitudes, the air pressure is lower and there is less oxygen available for your body to use. This can lead to various symptoms such as:
1. Headache
2. Dizziness or lightheadedness
3. Shortness of breath
4. Rapid heart rate
5. Nausea or vomiting
6. Fatigue or weakness
7. Insomnia
8. Swelling of the hands, feet, and face
9. Confusion or difficulty with coordination
There are three types of altitude sickness: acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). AMS is the mildest form, while HAPE and HACE can be life-threatening.
Preventive measures include gradual ascent to allow your body time to adjust to the altitude, staying hydrated, avoiding alcohol and heavy meals, and taking it easy during the first few days at high altitudes. If symptoms persist or worsen, immediate medical attention is necessary.
Dental health surveys are epidemiological studies that aim to assess the oral health status and related behaviors of a defined population at a particular point in time. These surveys collect data on various aspects of oral health, including the prevalence and severity of dental diseases such as caries (tooth decay), periodontal disease (gum disease), and oral cancer. They also gather information on factors that influence oral health, such as dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, access to dental care, and socioeconomic status.
The data collected in dental health surveys are used to identify trends and patterns in oral health, plan and evaluate public health programs and policies, and allocate resources for oral health promotion and disease prevention. Dental health surveys may be conducted at the local, regional, or national level, and they can target specific populations such as children, adolescents, adults, or older adults.
The methods used in dental health surveys include clinical examinations, interviews, questionnaires, and focus groups. Clinical examinations are conducted by trained dentists or dental hygienists who follow standardized protocols to assess the oral health status of participants. Interviews and questionnaires are used to collect information on demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, and attitudes towards oral health. Focus groups can provide insights into the perceptions and experiences of participants regarding oral health issues.
Overall, dental health surveys play a critical role in monitoring and improving the oral health of populations and reducing oral health disparities.
Serum sickness is an immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction that typically occurs within 1 to 3 weeks after the administration of foreign proteins or drugs, such as certain types of antibiotics, antiserums, or monoclonal antibodies. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, rash, joint pain, and lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes). These symptoms are caused by the formation of immune complexes, which deposit in various tissues and activate the complement system, leading to inflammation. Serum sickness can be treated with antihistamines, corticosteroids, and other immunomodulatory agents. It is important to note that serum sickness is different from anaphylaxis, which is a more severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs immediately after exposure to an allergen.
"Sick leave" is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the context of employment and human resources. It refers to the time off from work that an employee is allowed to take due to illness or injury, for which they may still receive payment. The specific policies regarding sick leave, such as how much time is granted and whether it is paid or unpaid, can vary based on the employer's policies, labor laws, and collective bargaining agreements.
Decompression sickness (DCS), also known as "the bends," is a medical condition that results from dissolved gases coming out of solution in the body's tissues and forming bubbles during decompression. This typically occurs when a person who has been exposed to increased pressure at depth, such as scuba divers or compressed air workers, ascends too quickly.
The elevated pressure at depth causes nitrogen to dissolve into the blood and tissues of the body. As the diver ascends and the pressure decreases, the dissolved gases form bubbles, which can cause symptoms ranging from joint pain and rashes to paralysis and death. The risk of DCS is influenced by several factors, including depth, duration of exposure, rate of ascent, and individual susceptibility.
Prevention of DCS involves following established dive tables or using a personal decompression computer to calculate safe ascent rates and decompression stops. Additionally, proper hydration, fitness, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco before diving can reduce the risk of DCS. Treatment typically involves administering oxygen and recompression therapy in a hyperbaric chamber.
Absenteeism is a term used in the medical and occupational health fields to describe the habitual pattern of absence from work or school. It refers to an employee or student's repeated failure to show up for scheduled work or classes without a valid reason or excuse. Absenteeism can have various causes, including physical illness or injury, mental health issues, stress, burnout, disengagement, and poor job or school satisfaction. Chronic absenteeism can lead to negative consequences such as decreased productivity, increased healthcare costs, and reduced academic performance.
Health status is a term used to describe the overall condition of an individual's health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It is often assessed through various measures such as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reported health assessments. Health status can be used to identify health disparities, track changes in population health over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
African Horse Sickness (AHS) is a viral disease that primarily affects horses, donkeys, and mules. It is caused by the African horse sickness virus (AHSV), which belongs to the family Reoviridae and the genus Orbivirus. The disease is transmitted through the bite of certain species of midges or mosquitoes, known as Culicoides spp.
The clinical signs of AHS can vary in severity but typically include fever, depression, loss of appetite, and respiratory distress. The disease can manifest in three forms: the acute form, which is characterized by high fever, severe respiratory distress, and a high fatality rate; the subacute form, which features milder respiratory symptoms and a lower fatality rate; and the chronic form, which is marked by intermittent fever and swelling of the limbs and neck.
AHS is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa but has also been reported in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia. The disease is not found in the Americas or Australia, and strict quarantine measures are in place to prevent its introduction into these regions. There is no specific treatment for AHS, and prevention efforts focus on vaccination and vector control.
Reproducibility of results in a medical context refers to the ability to obtain consistent and comparable findings when a particular experiment or study is repeated, either by the same researcher or by different researchers, following the same experimental protocol. It is an essential principle in scientific research that helps to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.
In medical research, reproducibility of results is crucial for establishing the effectiveness and safety of new treatments, interventions, or diagnostic tools. It involves conducting well-designed studies with adequate sample sizes, appropriate statistical analyses, and transparent reporting of methods and findings to allow other researchers to replicate the study and confirm or refute the results.
The lack of reproducibility in medical research has become a significant concern in recent years, as several high-profile studies have failed to produce consistent findings when replicated by other researchers. This has led to increased scrutiny of research practices and a call for greater transparency, rigor, and standardization in the conduct and reporting of medical research.
Psychometrics is a branch of psychology that deals with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, such as the development and standardization of tests used to measure intelligence, aptitude, personality, attitudes, and other mental abilities or traits. It involves the construction and validation of measurement instruments, including the determination of their reliability and validity, and the application of statistical methods to analyze test data and interpret results. The ultimate goal of psychometrics is to provide accurate, objective, and meaningful measurements that can be used to understand individual differences and make informed decisions in educational, clinical, and organizational settings.
A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.
In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.
Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.
Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.
African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tsetse fly (Glossina spp.). The disease has two stages: an early hemolymphatic stage characterized by fever, swollen lymph nodes, and skin rashes; and a late neurological stage characterized by sleep disturbances, personality changes, and motor abnormalities. If left untreated, it can be fatal. The disease is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 65 million people are at risk of infection.
List of patient-reported quality of life surveys
ALS Functional Rating Scale - Revised
Quality of Life in Depression Scale
Quality of well-being scale
Gustilo open fracture classification
List of MeSH codes (G03)
List of MeSH codes (N05)
List of MeSH codes (E05)
John S. Dickerson
Space pharmacology
Dive computer
Inner ear decompression sickness
Water supply and sanitation in Zimbabwe
Underwater diving on Guam
Project Mercury
Adam Flash
Seakeeping
Albert A. Bühlmann
Edward L. Jackson
Allelopathy
Barbara Gittings
Diver propulsion vehicle
Thermodynamic model of decompression
List of Divers Alert Network publications
Counterstrike (drum and bass group)
Animal trypanosomiasis
The Design (professional wrestling)
Witch-hunts in Papua New Guinea
Carl Epting Mundy Jr.
Aaron Faulls
Validation of Sickness Impact Profile and Psoriasis Disability Index in Psoriasis<...
List of patient-reported quality of life surveys - Wikipedia
A systematic review of patient-reported outcome instruments of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the dermatologic population
Fibromyalgia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about total hip replacement
Physical inactivity and short-term all-cause mortality in adults with chronic disease
Journal of Medical Internet Research - Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Stepped Care for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome...
Long-term outcome in polymyositis and dermatomyositis | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Thieme E-Journals - Seminars in Neurosurgery / Abstract
5 Accountability and Quality in End-Of-Life-Care | Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life | The National...
Pain associated with psoriasis: systematic scoping review protocol | BMJ Open
Outcome and its predictors in Guillain-Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Staff Profile | Newcastle University Business School | Newcastle University
Green Schools: Thinking Outside the Schoolroom Box
RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 184 - Quality use of medicines in the rural ambulant elderly: a pilot study
Bekkenbunnstrening og urininkontinens - tren deg tett! | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
profile | Psychology | University of Exeter
Citation profile for Fernando Broner
CGT Bezorgde Partner Verspaandonk Bleijenberg - 1265
Effects of controlled inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis | European Respiratory Society
Department of Dermatology - Wales College of Medicine - Cardiff University
Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES) - SCIRE Professional
Identification of ambiguities in the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome research case definition and recommendations for resolution ...
Project Profile Details
Patient compliance at one year and two years after heart transplantation - Fingerprint - Northwestern Scholars
Amputations - Trauma - Orthobullets
Pindrop to bring biometric voice authentication to TiVo for content personalization | Biometric Update
Quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease-I: Assessment tools | Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | Full Text
WTS database | WHO FCTC
Development and validation of a patient based measure of outcome in ocular melanoma | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Questionnaire3
- A prospective cross-sectional questionnaire study of 32 patients with psoriasis was carried out in order to validate the use of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) in psoriasis and compare its sensitivity with the Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI). (herts.ac.uk)
- Each completed the new questionnaire as well as the SF36, and some the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS). (nih.gov)
- Compared with the placebo group, patients treated with erythropoietin had a significant improvement in their scores for fatigue, physical symptoms, relationships, and depression on the kidney disease questionnaire and in the global and physical scores on the sickness impact profile. (mcmaster.ca)
Altitude3
- Altitude sickness and shortened shifts due to limited oxygen slowed progress, and extremely high winds and lightning shut down the jobsite on many occasions. (pci.org)
- It is also used for obesity, altitude sickness, aging skin, high levels of cholesterol or other fats in the blood, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these other uses. (medlineplus.gov)
- Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth along with vitamin C and vitamin E does not seem to prevent altitude sickness. (medlineplus.gov)
Fatigue2
- The Unidimensional Fatigue Impact Scale (U-FIS) was developed in 2009 by Galen Research primarily for the measurement of multiple sclerosis related fatigue. (wikipedia.org)
- Disabilities (Sickness Impact Profile -8), physical functioning (Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36), psychological distress (Symptom Checklist-90), and proportion of patients with clinically significant improvement in fatigue were the secondary outcomes. (jmir.org)
Symptoms4
- HRQL is a distinct construct which refers to the impact that health conditions and their symptoms have on an individual's quality of life, and, in the context of healthcare, the term HRQL is preferred over quality of life because the focus is on health. (biomedcentral.com)
- Menstrual symptoms (including irregular menses, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms) are common, but little is known about their impact on health status. (duke.edu)
- Clinicians providing care for women should be attuned to the potential impact of menstrual symptoms on the lives of their patients. (duke.edu)
- I identified specific aspects which were closely related to some symptoms of sea-sickness with which I was very familiar, being a keen offshore sailor. (wind-watch.org)
Factors2
- We evaluated the association between alcohol use, alcohol type, sociodemographic profiles, other lifestyle factors, and the risk of Barrett's esophagus. (who.int)
- It enables public health professionals and policymakers to retrieve uniformly defined state and selected metropolitan-level data for CHRONIC DISEASES and RISK FACTORS that impact public health. (bvsalud.org)
Quality6
- The Parents' Index of Quality of Life in Atopic Dermatitis (PiQOL-AD) measures the impact that atopic dermatitis has on quality of life, from the parents' perspective. (wikipedia.org)
- The Quality of Life Index for Atopic Dermatitis (QoLIAD) measures the impact that atopic dermatitis has on a given patient's quality of life. (wikipedia.org)
- The Quality of Life in Depression Scale (QLDS) assesses the impact that depression has on a patient's quality of life. (wikipedia.org)
- 2002), Mark Schneider of the National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities in Washington, D.C., pulled together a number of studies to show the impact of indoor air quality, thermal comfort, lighting, school size, and other building variables on student learning. (ascd.org)
- For example, one study showed that poor indoor air quality often resulted in increases in sickness from airborne bacteria, mold, and asthma. (ascd.org)
- Health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessment is an important measure of the impact of the disease, effect of treatment and other variables affecting people's lives. (biomedcentral.com)
Validity1
- Ackerman T.A. (1992) A Didactic Explanation of Item Bias, Item Impact, and Item Validity from a Multidimensional Perspective. (rasch.org)
Disability3
- 65% of the patients had normal strength at follow-up, 34% had no or slight disability, and 16% had normal physical sickness impact profile scores. (bmj.com)
- Analysis of prognostic predictors consistently demonstrates the negative impact of higher age, preceding diarrhoea, greater disability/weaker muscles at admission, short interval between symptom-onset and admission, mechanical ventilation and absent/low amplitude compound muscle action potentials. (bmj.com)
- 2. Finlay AY, Khan GK, Luscombe DK, Salek MS. A validation of Sickness Impact Profile and Psoriasis Disability Index in Psoriasis. (dermatology.org.uk)
Evaluation2
- This includes many national research and evaluation projects utilising large scale data intensive and mixed method approaches to understand the spatial impacts of socio-economic policy initiatives. (shu.ac.uk)
- She previously led the quantitative research strand for a three-year evaluation of The Impact of the Changes to the Local Housing Allowance System of Housing Benefit for the Department for Work and Pension, and the ten-year evaluation of New Deal for Communities for the Department of Communities and Local Government. (shu.ac.uk)
Muscles1
- The disease progresses slowly and impacts muscles in a heterogeneous model, including quadriplegia. (ngcbelize.org)
Stress2
- The distance walked in the stress test increased in the group treated with erythropoietin, but there was no improvement in the six minute walk test, psychosocial scores on the sickness impact profile, or time trade off scores. (mcmaster.ca)
- Our findings thus suggest that exposure to GWI-related agents may converge on similar targets with roles in inflammation, neurotransmitter and lipid metabolism, and detoxification which may have impacts on neurodegenerative-like disease and oxidative stress in Veterans with GWI. (cdc.gov)
Citation1
- measuring the impact of scientific journals: analytical chemistry (using SCI journal citation reports) Journal of the American Society for Information Science. (rasch.org)
Assess the impact2
- and (2) assess the impact of the medication review process on health outcomes such as medication-related hospital admissions in ambulant elderly patients actively managed by their GP. (rrh.org.au)
- As a consequence, HRQL instruments have evolved in order to assess the impact of disease, effect of treatment and other variables affecting people's lives. (biomedcentral.com)
Health3
- The Diabetes Health Profile (DHP) was developed in 1996 by Isis Outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
- The frequent infections have not only impacted their health but have also caused them to miss a significant amount of school. (backabuddy.co.za)
- Progress in this area will have a major impact on the health of adolescents. (who.int)
Disease1
- The disease impacts more than 30,000 Americans reliably, but its objective is at this point indistinct and a subject of nonstop conversation. (ngcbelize.org)
Research1
- The Asthma Life Impact Scale (ALIS) measure was developed in 2010 by Galen Research. (wikipedia.org)
High2
- They're called high-performance schools, sustainable schools, or green schools, but whatever the name, this new approach to school construction seeks to diminish the building's impact on the environment through concerted efforts to conserve water and energy, maximize natural light, and integrate its design with the surrounding landscape. (ascd.org)
- High levels of acoustic, thermal, and visual comfort, along with generous amounts of daylight can have a positive impact on student performance, say experts. (ascd.org)
Years1
- During the past 10 years, Sickness Prevention Achieved through Regional Collaboration (SPARC), a New England-based nonprofit agency, has developed a promising model for increasing community-wide delivery of prevention services. (cdc.gov)
Illness1
- Frampton has a consistent illness called thought body myositis, which would eventually impact his ability to play the guitar. (ngcbelize.org)
Specific1
- The effect of multimorbidity on sickness absence by specific diagnoses. (cdc.gov)
Content1
- The service requires users to opt in, and preserves privacy by associating users' voices only with the profiles containing their content preferences. (biometricupdate.com)
Greater1
- Greater awareness of the impact of CD on patients' HRQoL would improve the holistic management of CD patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Global1
- Concern about the impact of global warming and the spread of arthropod-borne diseases and other infectious agents in Europe is justifiable. (cdc.gov)
Features1
- More recently, it has been shown that the pathophysiology of axonal subtypes is characterised besides axonal degeneration by reversible conduction failure and that AMAN and AMSAN which share a common immunological profile and electrophysiological features represent a continuum in the axonal GBS spectrum. (bmj.com)
Common1
- It provides a common benchmark against which can be measured the impact of different experiences and treatments for the same condition or the impact of different treatments across different conditions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Major1
- The task force does so for a good reason: clinical preventive services hold the promise of preventing or mitigating the impact of many major causes of death in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Water1
- Cross-formational flow of water into coalbed methane reservoirs: controls on relative permeability curve shape and production profile. (cdc.gov)
School1
- A Department of Energy profile on Clearview Elementary School in Hanover, Pa. (ascd.org)
Management1
- The impact of job control on employee perception of management commitment to safety. (cdc.gov)