Radiation Hybrid Mapping
Chromosome Mapping
Hybrid Cells
Sequence Tagged Sites
Genetic Markers
Physical Chromosome Mapping
Genetic Linkage
Molecular Sequence Data
Expressed Sequence Tags
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
DNA, Complementary
Radiation
Base Sequence
Amino Acid Sequence
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Cloning, Molecular
Zebrafish
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Radiation Dosage
Radiation, Ionizing
Radiation Injuries
Chromosomes, Mammalian
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
Buffaloes
Radiation Tolerance
Hybridization, Genetic
Synteny
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
Radiation Protection
Genome
Contig Mapping
Radiation Monitoring
Bupleurum
Tetraodontiformes
Microsatellite Repeats
Chromosome Breakage
Gamma Rays
A high-resolution HAPPY map of Dictyostelium discoideum chromosome 6. (1/176)
We have made a high-resolution HAPPY map of chromosome 6 of Dictyostelium discoideum consisting of 300 sequence-tagged sites with an average spacing of 14 kb along the approximately 4-Mb chromosome. The majority of the marker sequences were derived from randomly chosen clones from four different chromosome 6-enriched plasmid libraries or from subclones of YACs previously mapped to chromosome 6. The map appears to span the entire chromosome, although marker density is greater in some regions than in others and is lowest within the telomeric region. Our map largely supports previous gene-based maps of this chromosome but reveals a number of errors in the physical map. In addition, we find that a high proportion of the plasmid sequences derived from gel-enriched chromosome 6 (and that form the basis of a chromosome-specific sequencing project) originates from other chromosomes. (+info)Vanilloid receptor-related osmotically activated channel (VR-OAC), a candidate vertebrate osmoreceptor. (2/176)
The detection of osmotic stimuli is essential for all organisms, yet few osmoreceptive proteins are known, none of them in vertebrates. By employing a candidate-gene approach based on genes encoding members of the TRP superfamily of ion channels, we cloned cDNAs encoding the vanilloid receptor-related osmotically activated channel (VR-OAC) from the rat, mouse, human, and chicken. This novel cation-selective channel is gated by exposure to hypotonicity within the physiological range. In the central nervous system, the channel is expressed in neurons of the circumventricular organs, neurosensory cells responsive to systemic osmotic pressure. The channel also occurs in other neurosensory cells, including inner-ear hair cells, sensory neurons, and Merkel cells. (+info)Restricted species tropism of maedi-visna virus strain EV-1 is not due to limited receptor distribution. (3/176)
The distribution of receptors for maedi-visna virus (MVV) was studied using co-cultivation assays for virus fusion and PCR-based assays to detect the formation of virus-specific reverse transcription products after virus entry. Receptors were present on cell lines from human, monkey, mouse, chicken, quail, hamster and ovine sources. Thus, the distribution of the receptor for MVV is more similar to that of the amphotropic type C retroviruses than to that of other lentiviruses. The receptor was sensitive to proteolysis by papain, but was resistant to trypsin. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and lung cells (V79 TOR) did not express functional receptors for MVV. The receptor was mapped to either chromosome 2 or 4 of the mouse using somatic cell hybrids. This allowed several candidates (e.g. MHC-II, CXCR4) that have been proposed for the MVV receptor to be excluded. (+info)Mapping dispersed repetitive loci using semi-specific PCR cloning and somatic cell hybrid mapping. (4/176)
A simple and effective method based upon semi-specific PCR followed by cloning has been developed. Chromosomal mapping of the generated fragment on a somatic cell hybrid panel identifies the chromosomal position, and yields a unique sequence tag for the site. Using this method, the chromosomal location of one porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) was determined. The porcine genomic sequences were first amplified by PCR using a PERV-specific primer and a porcine short interspersed nuclear element (SINE)-specific primer. PCR products were cloned, and those sequences that contained PERV plus flanking regions were selected using a second round of PCR and cloning. Sequences flanking the PERV were determined and a PERV-B was physically mapped on porcine chromosome 17 using a somatic hybrid panel. The general utility of the method was subsequently demonstrated by locating PERVs in the genome of PERV infected human 293 cells. This method obviates the need for individual library construction or linker/adaptor ligation, and can be used to quickly locate individual sites of moderately repeated, dispersed DNA sequences in any genome. (+info)Identification, characterization, and mapping of expressed sequence tags from an embryonic zebrafish heart cDNA library. (5/176)
The generation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has proven to be a rapid and economical approach by which to identify and characterize expressed genes. We generated 5102 ESTs from a 3-d-old embryonic zebrafish heart cDNA library. Of these, 57.6% matched to known genes, 14.2% matched only to other ESTs, and 27.8% showed no match to any ESTs or known genes. Clustering of all ESTs identified 359 unique clusters comprising 1771 ESTs, whereas the remaining 3331 ESTs did not cluster. This estimates the number of unique genes identified in the data set to be approximately 3690. A total of 1242 unique known genes were used to analyze the gene expression patterns in the zebrafish embryonic heart. These were categorized into seven categories on the basis of gene function. The largest class of genes represented those involved in gene/protein expression (25.9% of known transcripts). This class was followed by genes involved in metabolism (18.7%), cell structure/motility (16.4%), cell signaling and communication (9.6%), cell/organism defense (7.1%), and cell division (4.4%). Unclassified genes constituted the remaining 17.91%. Radiation hybrid mapping was performed for 102 ESTs and comparison of map positions between zebrafish and human identified new synteny groups. Continued comparative analysis will be useful in defining the boundaries of conserved chromosome segments between zebrafish and humans, which will facilitate the transfer of genetic information between the two organisms and improve our understanding of vertebrate evolution. (+info)Conservation of Mhc class III region synteny between zebrafish and human as determined by radiation hybrid mapping. (6/176)
In the HLA, H2, and other mammalian MHC:, the class I and II loci are separated by the so-called class III region comprised of approximately 60 genes that are functionally and evolutionarily unrelated to the class I/II genes. To explore the origin of this island of unrelated loci in the middle of the MHC: 19 homologues of HLA class III genes, we identified 19 homologues of HLA class III genes as well as 21 additional non-class I/II HLA homologues in the zebrafish and mapped them by testing a panel of 94 zebrafish-hamster radiation hybrid cell lines. Six of the HLA class III and eight of the flanking homologues were found to be linked to the zebrafish class I (but not class II) loci in linkage group 19. The remaining homologous loci were found to be scattered over 14 zebrafish linkage groups. The linkage group 19 contains at least 25 genes (not counting the class I loci) that are also syntenic on human chromosome 6. This gene assembly presumably represents the pre-MHC: that existed before the class I/II genes arose. The pre-MHC: may not have contained the complement and other class III genes involved in immune response. (+info)RHdb: the Radiation Hybrid database. (7/176)
Since July 1995, the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) has maintained RHdb (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/RHdb), a public database for radiation hybrid data. Radiation hybrid mapping is an important technique for determining high resolution maps. RHdb is also served by CORBA servers. The EBI is an Outstation of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). (+info)A novel syndrome affecting multiple mitochondrial functions, located by microcell-mediated transfer to chromosome 2p14-2p13. (8/176)
We have studied cultured skin fibroblasts from three siblings and one unrelated individual, all of whom had fatal mitochondrial disease manifesting soon after birth. After incubation with 1 mM glucose, these four cell strains exhibited lactate/pyruvate ratios that were six times greater than those of controls. On further analysis, enzymatic activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, NADH cytochrome c reductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and succinate cytochrome c reductase were severely deficient. In two of the siblings the enzymatic activity of cytochrome oxidase was mildly decreased (by approximately 50%). Metabolite analysis performed on urine samples taken from these patients revealed high levels of glycine, leucine, valine, and isoleucine, indicating abnormalities of both the glycine-cleavage system and branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. In contrast, the activities of fibroblast pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial aconitase, and citrate synthase were normal. Immunoblot analysis of selected complex III subunits (core 1, cyt c(1), and iron-sulfur protein) and of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunits revealed no visible changes in the levels of all examined proteins, decreasing the possibility that an import and/or assembly factor is involved. To elucidate the underlying molecular defect, analysis of microcell-mediated chromosome-fusion was performed between the present study's fibroblasts (recipients) and a panel of A9 mouse:human hybrids (donors) developed by Cuthbert et al. (1995). Complementation was observed between the recipient cells from both families and the mouse:human hybrid clone carrying human chromosome 2. These results indicate that the underlying defect in our patients is under the control of a nuclear gene, the locus of which is on chromosome 2. A 5-cM interval has been identified as potentially containing the critical region for the unknown gene. This interval maps to region 2p14-2p13. (+info)Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping is a genetic mapping technique used to determine the relative order and distance between DNA markers or genes on a chromosome. This technique involves exposing donor cells, which contain the chromosome of interest, to high-dose radiation. The radiation causes breaks in the chromosomes, which are then repaired by fusing the donor cells with irradiated hamster cells (the recipient cells).
During the repair process, the broken chromosomal fragments from the donor cell randomly assort and integrate into the genome of the recipient cell. The resulting hybrid cells contain a mosaic of donor chromosomal fragments, which can be analyzed to determine the order and distance between DNA markers or genes on the original chromosome.
The frequency of co-occurrence of two markers in the same hybrid cell is used as an estimate of their physical proximity on the chromosome. The greater the frequency of co-occurrence, the closer the two markers are assumed to be. RH mapping can provide high-resolution maps of large genomes and has been widely used for mapping human and other mammalian genomes. However, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, RH mapping has largely been replaced by sequence-based methods such as whole-genome sequencing and optical mapping.
Chromosome mapping, also known as physical mapping, is the process of determining the location and order of specific genes or genetic markers on a chromosome. This is typically done by using various laboratory techniques to identify landmarks along the chromosome, such as restriction enzyme cutting sites or patterns of DNA sequence repeats. The resulting map provides important information about the organization and structure of the genome, and can be used for a variety of purposes, including identifying the location of genes associated with genetic diseases, studying evolutionary relationships between organisms, and developing genetic markers for use in breeding or forensic applications.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "hybrid cells" is not a standard medical term with a widely accepted or specific definition in the field of medicine. The term "hybrid" is used in various scientific and medical contexts to describe combinations or mixtures of different elements, such as hybridoma cells (a type of fusion cell used in research, created by combining a B cell and a tumor cell) or hybridization (in genetics, the process of combining DNA from two different sources).
Without more specific context, it's difficult to provide an accurate medical definition for "hybrid cells." If you could provide more information about the context in which this term was used, I would be happy to help you further!
Sequence Tagged Sites (STSs) are specific, defined DNA sequences that are mapped to a unique location in the human genome. They were developed as part of a physical mapping strategy for the Human Genome Project and serve as landmarks for identifying and locating genetic markers, genes, and other features within the genome. STSs are typically short (around 200-500 base pairs) and contain unique sequences that can be amplified by PCR, allowing for their detection and identification in DNA samples. The use of STSs enables researchers to construct physical maps of large genomes with high resolution and accuracy, facilitating the study of genome organization, variation, and function.
Genetic markers are specific segments of DNA that are used in genetic mapping and genotyping to identify specific genetic locations, diseases, or traits. They can be composed of short tandem repeats (STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), or variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). These markers are useful in various fields such as genetic research, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and breeding programs. They can help to track inheritance patterns, identify genetic predispositions to diseases, and solve crimes by linking biological evidence to suspects or victims.
Physical chromosome mapping, also known as physical mapping or genomic mapping, is the process of determining the location and order of specific genes or DNA sequences along a chromosome based on their physical distance from one another. This is typically done by using various laboratory techniques such as restriction enzyme digestion, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromosome walking to identify the precise location of a particular gene or sequence on a chromosome.
Physical chromosome mapping provides important information about the organization and structure of chromosomes, and it is essential for understanding genetic diseases and disorders. By identifying the specific genes and DNA sequences that are associated with certain conditions, researchers can develop targeted therapies and treatments to improve patient outcomes. Additionally, physical chromosome mapping is an important tool for studying evolution and comparative genomics, as it allows scientists to compare the genetic makeup of different species and identify similarities and differences between them.
Genetic linkage is the phenomenon where two or more genetic loci (locations on a chromosome) tend to be inherited together because they are close to each other on the same chromosome. This occurs during the process of sexual reproduction, where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.
The closer two loci are to each other on a chromosome, the lower the probability that they will be separated by a crossover event. As a result, they are more likely to be inherited together and are said to be linked. The degree of linkage between two loci can be measured by their recombination frequency, which is the percentage of meiotic events in which a crossover occurs between them.
Linkage analysis is an important tool in genetic research, as it allows researchers to identify and map genes that are associated with specific traits or diseases. By analyzing patterns of linkage between markers (identifiable DNA sequences) and phenotypes (observable traits), researchers can infer the location of genes that contribute to those traits or diseases on chromosomes.
Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are short, single-pass DNA sequences that are derived from cDNA libraries. They represent a quick and cost-effective method for large-scale sequencing of gene transcripts and provide an unbiased view of the genes being actively expressed in a particular tissue or developmental stage. ESTs can be used to identify and study new genes, to analyze patterns of gene expression, and to develop molecular markers for genetic mapping and genome analysis.
Human chromosome pair 1 refers to the first pair of chromosomes in a set of 23 pairs found in the cells of the human body, excluding sex cells (sperm and eggs). Each cell in the human body, except for the gametes, contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. These chromosomes are rod-shaped structures that contain genetic information in the form of DNA.
Chromosome pair 1 is the largest pair, making up about 8% of the total DNA in a cell. Each chromosome in the pair consists of two arms - a shorter p arm and a longer q arm - connected at a centromere. Chromosome 1 carries an estimated 2,000-2,500 genes, which are segments of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins or regulating gene expression.
Defects or mutations in the genes located on chromosome 1 can lead to various genetic disorders and diseases, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, Huntington's disease, and certain types of cancer.
Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a type of DNA that is synthesized from a single-stranded RNA molecule through the process of reverse transcription. In this process, the enzyme reverse transcriptase uses an RNA molecule as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA strand. The resulting cDNA is therefore complementary to the original RNA molecule and is a copy of its coding sequence, but it does not contain non-coding regions such as introns that are present in genomic DNA.
Complementary DNA is often used in molecular biology research to study gene expression, protein function, and other genetic phenomena. For example, cDNA can be used to create cDNA libraries, which are collections of cloned cDNA fragments that represent the expressed genes in a particular cell type or tissue. These libraries can then be screened for specific genes or gene products of interest. Additionally, cDNA can be used to produce recombinant proteins in heterologous expression systems, allowing researchers to study the structure and function of proteins that may be difficult to express or purify from their native sources.
Medical Definition:
Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization, which can occur naturally (e.g., sunlight) or be produced artificially (e.g., x-rays, radioisotopes). In medicine, radiation is used diagnostically and therapeutically in various forms, such as X-rays, gamma rays, and radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat diseases like cancer. However, excessive exposure to radiation can pose health risks, including radiation sickness and increased risk of cancer.
A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.
An amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids in a protein or peptide molecule, formed by the linking of the amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid to the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid through a peptide bond. The sequence is determined by the genetic code and is unique to each type of protein or peptide. It plays a crucial role in determining the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins.
In situ hybridization, fluorescence (FISH) is a type of molecular cytogenetic technique used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes through the use of fluorescent probes. This technique allows for the direct visualization of genetic material at a cellular level, making it possible to identify chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions, duplications, translocations, and other rearrangements.
The process involves denaturing the DNA in the sample to separate the double-stranded molecules into single strands, then adding fluorescently labeled probes that are complementary to the target DNA sequence. The probe hybridizes to the complementary sequence in the sample, and the location of the probe is detected by fluorescence microscopy.
FISH has a wide range of applications in both clinical and research settings, including prenatal diagnosis, cancer diagnosis and monitoring, and the study of gene expression and regulation. It is a powerful tool for identifying genetic abnormalities and understanding their role in human disease.
Molecular cloning is a laboratory technique used to create multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence. This process involves several steps:
1. Isolation: The first step in molecular cloning is to isolate the DNA sequence of interest from the rest of the genomic DNA. This can be done using various methods such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), restriction enzymes, or hybridization.
2. Vector construction: Once the DNA sequence of interest has been isolated, it must be inserted into a vector, which is a small circular DNA molecule that can replicate independently in a host cell. Common vectors used in molecular cloning include plasmids and phages.
3. Transformation: The constructed vector is then introduced into a host cell, usually a bacterial or yeast cell, through a process called transformation. This can be done using various methods such as electroporation or chemical transformation.
4. Selection: After transformation, the host cells are grown in selective media that allow only those cells containing the vector to grow. This ensures that the DNA sequence of interest has been successfully cloned into the vector.
5. Amplification: Once the host cells have been selected, they can be grown in large quantities to amplify the number of copies of the cloned DNA sequence.
Molecular cloning is a powerful tool in molecular biology and has numerous applications, including the production of recombinant proteins, gene therapy, functional analysis of genes, and genetic engineering.
A zebrafish is a freshwater fish species belonging to the family Cyprinidae and the genus Danio. Its name is derived from its distinctive striped pattern that resembles a zebra's. Zebrafish are often used as model organisms in scientific research, particularly in developmental biology, genetics, and toxicology studies. They have a high fecundity rate, transparent embryos, and a rapid development process, making them an ideal choice for researchers. However, it is important to note that providing a medical definition for zebrafish may not be entirely accurate or relevant since they are primarily used in biological research rather than clinical medicine.
Sequence homology in nucleic acids refers to the similarity or identity between the nucleotide sequences of two or more DNA or RNA molecules. It is often used as a measure of biological relationship between genes, organisms, or populations. High sequence homology suggests a recent common ancestry or functional constraint, while low sequence homology may indicate a more distant relationship or different functions.
Nucleic acid sequence homology can be determined by various methods such as pairwise alignment, multiple sequence alignment, and statistical analysis. The degree of homology is typically expressed as a percentage of identical or similar nucleotides in a given window of comparison.
It's important to note that the interpretation of sequence homology depends on the biological context and the evolutionary distance between the sequences compared. Therefore, functional and experimental validation is often necessary to confirm the significance of sequence homology.
Sequence homology, amino acid, refers to the similarity in the order of amino acids in a protein or a portion of a protein between two or more species. This similarity can be used to infer evolutionary relationships and functional similarities between proteins. The higher the degree of sequence homology, the more likely it is that the proteins are related and have similar functions. Sequence homology can be determined through various methods such as pairwise alignment or multiple sequence alignment, which compare the sequences and calculate a score based on the number and type of matching amino acids.
Radiation dosage, in the context of medical physics, refers to the amount of radiation energy that is absorbed by a material or tissue, usually measured in units of Gray (Gy), where 1 Gy equals an absorption of 1 Joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter. In the clinical setting, radiation dosage is used to plan and assess the amount of radiation delivered to a patient during treatments such as radiotherapy. It's important to note that the biological impact of radiation also depends on other factors, including the type and energy level of the radiation, as well as the sensitivity of the irradiated tissues or organs.
Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that carries enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules, which means it can knock electrons out of their orbits and create ions. These charged particles can cause damage to living tissue and DNA, making ionizing radiation dangerous to human health. Examples of ionizing radiation include X-rays, gamma rays, and some forms of subatomic particles such as alpha and beta particles. The amount and duration of exposure to ionizing radiation are important factors in determining the potential health effects, which can range from mild skin irritation to an increased risk of cancer and other diseases.
Radiation injuries refer to the damages that occur to living tissues as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. These injuries can be acute, occurring soon after exposure to high levels of radiation, or chronic, developing over a longer period after exposure to lower levels of radiation. The severity and type of injury depend on the dose and duration of exposure, as well as the specific tissues affected.
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness, is the most severe form of acute radiation injury. It can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, and skin burns. In more severe cases, it can lead to neurological damage, hemorrhage, infection, and death.
Chronic radiation injuries, on the other hand, may not appear until months or even years after exposure. They can cause a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, skin changes, cataracts, reduced fertility, and an increased risk of cancer.
Radiation injuries can be treated with supportive care, such as fluids and electrolytes replacement, antibiotics, wound care, and blood transfusions. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or control bleeding. Prevention is the best approach to radiation injuries, which includes limiting exposure through proper protective measures and monitoring radiation levels in the environment.
Mammalian chromosomes are thread-like structures that exist in the nucleus of mammalian cells, consisting of DNA, hist proteins, and RNA. They carry genetic information that is essential for the development and function of all living organisms. In mammals, each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes, with one set inherited from the mother and the other from the father.
The chromosomes are typically visualized during cell division, where they condense and become visible under a microscope. Each chromosome is composed of two identical arms, separated by a constriction called the centromere. The short arm of the chromosome is labeled as "p," while the long arm is labeled as "q."
Mammalian chromosomes play a critical role in the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next and are essential for maintaining the stability and integrity of the genome. Abnormalities in the number or structure of mammalian chromosomes can lead to various genetic disorders, including Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.
A dose-response relationship in radiation refers to the correlation between the amount of radiation exposure (dose) and the biological response or adverse health effects observed in exposed individuals. As the level of radiation dose increases, the severity and frequency of the adverse health effects also tend to increase. This relationship is crucial in understanding the risks associated with various levels of radiation exposure and helps inform radiation protection standards and guidelines.
The effects of ionizing radiation can be categorized into two types: deterministic and stochastic. Deterministic effects have a threshold dose below which no effect is observed, and above this threshold, the severity of the effect increases with higher doses. Examples include radiation-induced cataracts or radiation dermatitis. Stochastic effects, on the other hand, do not have a clear threshold and are based on probability; as the dose increases, so does the likelihood of the adverse health effect occurring, such as an increased risk of cancer.
Understanding the dose-response relationship in radiation exposure is essential for setting limits on occupational and public exposure to ionizing radiation, optimizing radiation protection practices, and developing effective medical countermeasures in case of radiation emergencies.
I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "buffaloes." The term generally refers to large, hoofed mammals that are native to Africa and Asia. In English language slang, the term "buffalo" is sometimes used to describe a lie or exaggeration, but this usage is not related to the medical field. If you have more context about where you encountered this term, I may be able to provide a more specific answer.
Radiation tolerance, in the context of medicine and particularly radiation oncology, refers to the ability of tissues or organs to withstand and recover from exposure to ionizing radiation without experiencing significant damage or loss of function. It is often used to describe the maximum dose of radiation that can be safely delivered to a specific area of the body during radiotherapy treatments.
Radiation tolerance varies depending on the type and location of the tissue or organ. For example, some tissues such as the brain, spinal cord, and lungs have lower radiation tolerance than others like the skin or bone. Factors that can affect radiation tolerance include the total dose of radiation, the fractionation schedule (the number and size of radiation doses), the volume of tissue treated, and the individual patient's overall health and genetic factors.
Assessing radiation tolerance is critical in designing safe and effective radiotherapy plans for cancer patients, as excessive radiation exposure can lead to serious side effects such as radiation-induced injury, fibrosis, or even secondary malignancies.
Genetic hybridization is a biological process that involves the crossing of two individuals from different populations or species, which can lead to the creation of offspring with new combinations of genetic material. This occurs when the gametes (sex cells) from each parent combine during fertilization, resulting in a zygote with a unique genetic makeup.
In genetics, hybridization can also refer to the process of introducing new genetic material into an organism through various means, such as genetic engineering or selective breeding. This type of hybridization is often used in agriculture and biotechnology to create crops or animals with desirable traits, such as increased disease resistance or higher yields.
It's important to note that the term "hybrid" can refer to both crosses between different populations within a single species (intraspecific hybrids) and crosses between different species (interspecific hybrids). The latter is often more challenging, as significant genetic differences between the two parental species can lead to various reproductive barriers, making it difficult for the hybrid offspring to produce viable offspring of their own.
Synteny, in the context of genetics and genomics, refers to the presence of two or more genetic loci (regions) on the same chromosome, in the same relative order and orientation. This term is often used to describe conserved gene organization between different species, indicating a common ancestry.
It's important to note that synteny should not be confused with "colinearity," which refers to the conservation of gene content and order within a genome or between genomes of closely related species. Synteny is a broader concept that can also include conserved gene order across more distantly related species, even if some genes have been lost or gained in the process.
In medical research, synteny analysis can be useful for identifying conserved genetic elements and regulatory regions that may play important roles in disease susceptibility or other biological processes.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA. It enables the production of thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in a rapid and efficient manner, making it an essential tool in various fields such as molecular biology, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and research.
The PCR process involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to separate the DNA strands, allow primers (short sequences of single-stranded DNA) to attach to the target regions, and extend these primers using an enzyme called Taq polymerase, resulting in the exponential amplification of the desired DNA segment.
In a medical context, PCR is often used for detecting and quantifying specific pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in clinical samples, identifying genetic mutations or polymorphisms associated with diseases, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.
DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.
The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.
In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.
Artificial bacterial chromosomes (ABCs) are synthetic replicons that are designed to function like natural bacterial chromosomes. They are created through the use of molecular biology techniques, such as recombination and cloning, to construct large DNA molecules that can stably replicate and segregate within a host bacterium.
ABCs are typically much larger than traditional plasmids, which are smaller circular DNA molecules that can also replicate in bacteria but have a limited capacity for carrying genetic information. ABCs can accommodate large DNA inserts, making them useful tools for cloning and studying large genes, gene clusters, or even entire genomes of other organisms.
There are several types of ABCs, including bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), P1-derived artificial chromosomes (PACs), and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). BACs are the most commonly used type of ABC and can accommodate inserts up to 300 kilobases (kb) in size. They have been widely used in genome sequencing projects, functional genomics studies, and protein production.
Overall, artificial bacterial chromosomes provide a powerful tool for manipulating and studying large DNA molecules in a controlled and stable manner within bacterial hosts.
Radiation protection, also known as radiation safety, is a field of study and practice that aims to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It involves various measures and techniques used to minimize or eliminate exposure to ionizing radiation, such as:
1. Time: Reducing the amount of time spent near a radiation source.
2. Distance: Increasing the distance between oneself and a radiation source.
3. Shielding: Using materials that can absorb or block radiation to reduce exposure.
4. Containment: Preventing the release of radiation into the environment.
5. Training and education: Providing information and training to individuals who work with radiation sources.
6. Dosimetry and monitoring: Measuring and monitoring radiation doses received by individuals and populations.
7. Emergency planning and response: Developing plans and procedures for responding to radiation emergencies or accidents.
Radiation protection is an important consideration in various fields, including medicine, nuclear energy, research, and manufacturing, where ionizing radiation sources are used or produced.
A genome is the complete set of genetic material (DNA, or in some viruses, RNA) present in a single cell of an organism. It includes all of the genes, both coding and noncoding, as well as other regulatory elements that together determine the unique characteristics of that organism. The human genome, for example, contains approximately 3 billion base pairs and about 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes.
The term "genome" was first coined by Hans Winkler in 1920, derived from the word "gene" and the suffix "-ome," which refers to a complete set of something. The study of genomes is known as genomics.
Understanding the genome can provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of diseases, evolution, and other biological processes. With advancements in sequencing technologies, it has become possible to determine the entire genomic sequence of many organisms, including humans, and use this information for various applications such as personalized medicine, gene therapy, and biotechnology.
Contig mapping, short for contiguous mapping, is a process used in genetics and genomics to construct a detailed map of a particular region or regions of a genome. It involves the use of molecular biology techniques to physically join together, or "clone," overlapping DNA fragments from a specific region of interest in a genome. These joined fragments are called "contigs" because they are continuous and contiguous stretches of DNA that represent a contiguous map of the region.
Contig mapping is often used to study large-scale genetic variations, such as deletions, duplications, or rearrangements, in specific genomic regions associated with diseases or other traits. It can also be used to identify and characterize genes within those regions, which can help researchers understand their function and potential role in disease processes.
The process of contig mapping typically involves several steps, including:
1. DNA fragmentation: The genomic region of interest is broken down into smaller fragments using physical or enzymatic methods.
2. Cloning: The fragments are inserted into a vector, such as a plasmid or bacteriophage, which can be replicated in bacteria to produce multiple copies of each fragment.
3. Library construction: The cloned fragments are pooled together to create a genomic library, which contains all the DNA fragments from the region of interest.
4. Screening and selection: The library is screened using various methods, such as hybridization or PCR, to identify clones that contain overlapping fragments from the region of interest.
5. Contig assembly: The selected clones are ordered based on their overlapping regions to create a contiguous map of the genomic region.
6. Sequencing and analysis: The DNA sequence of the contigs is determined and analyzed to identify genes, regulatory elements, and other features of the genomic region.
Overall, contig mapping is an important tool for studying the structure and function of genomes, and has contributed significantly to our understanding of genetic variation and disease mechanisms.
Radiation monitoring is the systematic and continuous measurement, assessment, and tracking of ionizing radiation levels in the environment or within the body to ensure safety and to take appropriate actions when limits are exceeded. It involves the use of specialized instruments and techniques to detect and quantify different types of radiation, such as alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, and x-rays. The data collected from radiation monitoring is used to evaluate radiation exposure, contamination levels, and potential health risks for individuals or communities. This process is crucial in various fields, including nuclear energy production, medical imaging and treatment, radiation therapy, and environmental protection.
Bupleurum is a genus of plants in the family Apiaceae, also known as the carrot or parsley family. The name "Bupleurum" refers to several dozen species of herbaceous plants that are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Some species of Bupleurum have been used in traditional medicine in various cultures for centuries.
In particular, Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum falcatum have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. These species are known as "Chai Hu" or "Radix Bupleuri" in TCM and are believed to have various medicinal properties, such as regulating the flow of Qi (vital energy), reducing fever, relieving cough and asthma, and treating liver disorders.
The active compounds found in Bupleurum species include saponins, flavonoids, and essential oils. Some studies have suggested that these compounds may have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant effects, but more research is needed to confirm their therapeutic potential and safety.
It's important to note that while some Bupleurum species have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, they should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Before taking any herbal supplements, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
Tetraodontiformes is not a medical term, but a taxonomic order in zoology. It refers to a group of marine fish that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, boxfish, and triggerfish, among others. These fish are characterized by their specialized teeth, which are fused into beak-like structures. Some species within this order contain tetrodotoxin, a potent neurotoxin, in their organs. While not directly related to medical terminology, it is important for healthcare providers and medical professionals to have an understanding of various animal taxonomies, especially those that can pose a risk to human health.
Microsatellite repeats, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), are repetitive DNA sequences made up of units of 1-6 base pairs that are repeated in a head-to-tail manner. These repeats are spread throughout the human genome and are highly polymorphic, meaning they can have different numbers of repeat units in different individuals.
Microsatellites are useful as genetic markers because of their high degree of variability. They are commonly used in forensic science to identify individuals, in genealogy to trace ancestry, and in medical research to study genetic diseases and disorders. Mutations in microsatellite repeats have been associated with various neurological conditions, including Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome.
Chromosome breakage is a medical term that refers to the breaking or fragmentation of chromosomes, which are thread-like structures located in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information. Normally, chromosomes are tightly coiled and consist of two strands called chromatids, joined together at a central point called the centromere.
Chromosome breakage can occur spontaneously or be caused by environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals, or inherited genetic disorders. When a chromosome breaks, it can result in various genetic abnormalities, depending on the location and severity of the break.
For instance, if the break occurs in a region containing important genes, it can lead to the loss or alteration of those genes, causing genetic diseases or birth defects. In some cases, the broken ends of the chromosome may rejoin incorrectly, leading to chromosomal rearrangements such as translocations, deletions, or inversions. These rearrangements can also result in genetic disorders or cancer.
Chromosome breakage is commonly observed in individuals with certain inherited genetic conditions, such as Bloom syndrome, Fanconi anemia, and ataxia-telangiectasia, which are characterized by an increased susceptibility to chromosome breakage due to defects in DNA repair mechanisms.
Gamma rays are a type of ionizing radiation that is released from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. They are high-energy photons, with wavelengths shorter than 0.01 nanometers and frequencies greater than 3 x 10^19 Hz. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, similar to X-rays, but with higher energy levels and the ability to penetrate matter more deeply. They can cause damage to living tissue and are used in medical imaging and cancer treatment.
Chromosomes are thread-like structures that exist in the nucleus of cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. They are composed of DNA and proteins, and are typically present in pairs in the nucleus, with one set inherited from each parent. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes come in different shapes and forms, including sex chromosomes (X and Y) that determine the biological sex of an individual. Changes or abnormalities in the number or structure of chromosomes can lead to genetic disorders and diseases.
Radiation hybrid mapping
NEK6
Genome diversity and karyotype evolution of mammals
ADAM10
Smoothened
Donna R. Maglott
SNAP25
TBX2
Thrombomodulin
Genome survey sequence
AADAC
GADD45B
GADD45G
Interleukin 16
BC200 lncRNA
PHLDA1
Cadherin-1
Carbonic anhydrase 9
James E. Womack
VDAC2
EPB41L1
SOCS2
VDAC3
Histone deacetylase 2
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
RhoD
VDAC1
Maria Ragland Davis
Rat Genome Database
AHNAK
Radiation hybrid mapping - Wikipedia
Radiation Hybrid Mapping of Cataract Genes in the Dog
IWGSC
Publications at this Location : USDA ARS
Evaluation of COMPASS as a comparative mapping tool for ESTs using horse radiation hybrid maps<...
A high-resolution radiation hybrid map of chicken chromosome 5 and comparison with human chromosomes | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Filippo Bassi | ICARDA
Genomics Mc - All - Random - ProProfs Quiz
Human hg38 chr2:25,160,915-25,168,903 UCSC Genome Browser v457
Human hg38 chr2:25,160,915-25,168,903 UCSC Genome Browser v453
NDUFA6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A6 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
Dr Barbara Zangerl
Human hg38 chr2:25,160,915-25,168,903 UCSC Genome Browser v457
Human hg38 chr2:25,160,915-25,168,903 UCSC Genome Browser v454
D5Rat100 Marker Search Result - Rat Genome Database
WikiGenes - IL16 - interleukin 16
Human hg38 chr2:25,160,915-25,168,903 UCSC Genome Browser v457
Human hg38 chr2:25,160,915-25,168,903 UCSC Genome Browser v457
Genetics Selection Evolution
Human hg38 chr2:25,160,915-25,168,903 UCSC Genome Browser v454
Publications list | The James Hutton Institute
Plus it
Biotech: Event detail
BANF1 gene cDNA ORF clone, Bos taurus(cattle) - GenScript
2006 Feline Health Grants - EveryCat Health Foundation - VIN
Polymers | Free Full-Text | Self-Assembly of 1D/2D Hybrid Nanostructures Consisting of a Cd(II) Coordination Polymer and NiAl...
Boston Radiation Oncology - Brigham and Women's Hospital
WikiGenes - LHX1 - LIM homeobox 1
Somatic cell3
- We have characterized a panel of somatic cell hybrid cell lines which contain different portions of human chromosome 10. (ncsu.edu)
- Genomic DNA from the somatic cell hybrids was tested for hybridization with each of an ordered set of probes used previously to construct a genetic map of chromosome 10, as well as several additional probes, previously localized by in situ hybridization. (ncsu.edu)
- The GenBank and UniGene databases (NCBI) were searched for genes with exons of sufficient length (>200 bp) and variability (80±95% nucleotide identity between mouse and human), thereby providing adequate variation for the purpose of phylogenetic and somatic cell/ radiation hybrid mapping. (evolutionnews.org)
Chromosome15
- For example, the RH procedure was used to map 14 DNA probes from a region of human chromosome 21 spanning 20 megabase pairs. (wikipedia.org)
- High-Resolution Radiation Hybrid Map of Wheat Chromosome 1D. (tiki-toki.com)
- The resolution of radiation hybrid (RH) maps is intermediate between that of the genetic and BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) contig maps. (biomedcentral.com)
- Finally, this RH map was used for testing the accuracy of the chicken genome assembly for chromosome 5. (biomedcentral.com)
- The high resolution framework map obtained in this study has markers covering the entire chicken chromosome 5 and reveals the existence of a high number of rearrangements when compared to the human genome. (biomedcentral.com)
- This information was used to develop markers from chicken EST sequence data orthologous to genes in these human regions, in addition to the existing markers from the chicken chromosome 5 genetic map. (biomedcentral.com)
- Characterization of radiation/fusion hybrids containing parts of human chromosome 10 and their use in mapping chromosome 10-specific probes. (ncsu.edu)
- Hybridization of an unmapped probe to the cell line DNAs can be used to determine its most likely position on the chromosome relative to the mapped set of probes. (ncsu.edu)
- The panel of hybrid cell lines is thus useful for rapidly localizing unmapped probes and as a source of DNA for the construction of recombinant libraries derived from specific regions of the chromosome. (ncsu.edu)
- This study will cytogenetically map 110 large-insert clones from the feline genome assembly to connect the cat gene maps to each feline chromosome. (vin.com)
- A comparative radiation hybrid map of bovine chromosome 18 and homologous chromosomes in human and mice. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)
- For the backbone map, you must specify a single chromosome to be loaded at a time. (animalgenome.org)
- When other comparative maps are loaded on top of that backbone, they will load all chromosomes that have syntenic regions that fall on the single chromosome of the backbone map, usually from more than one chromosome. (animalgenome.org)
- When you load multiple maps from different species, all of the off-backbone maps are anchored relative to the single chromosome from the backbone map, often resulting in multiple chromosomes appearing for each off-backbone species. (animalgenome.org)
- That is, when you swap backbones, you can choose a single chromosome from an off-backbone map to become the new backbone. (animalgenome.org)
Chromosomes7
- Radiation hybrid mapping (also known as RH mapping) is a technique for mapping mammalian chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
- 82 Radiation hybrids are generated by using X-rays to randomly break chromosomes into fragments, then implanting the fragments into non-irradiated rodent cells, which replicate and thus clone the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
- Methods: Twenty-one genes with known mutations causing hereditary cataracts in man and/or mouse were selected and mapped to canine chromosomes using a canine:hamster radiation hybrid RH5000 panel. (upenn.edu)
- Results: Twenty-one cataract orthologs were mapped to canine chromosomes. (upenn.edu)
- The data revealed that 53% (16 of 30) of the ESTs predicted on ECA17 and ECAX mapped to those chromosomes. (uaeu.ac.ae)
- Comparative mapping of five coding DNA sequences on cattle chromosomes 7 and 25. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)
- However, these maps will now be anchored to a new, different backbone and therefore, different homologous regions from different chromosomes may be loaded as well. (animalgenome.org)
Genes11
- Purpose: To facilitate the molecular characterization of naturally occurring cataracts in dogs by providing the radiation hybrid location of 21 cataract-associated genes along with their closely associated polymorphic markers. (upenn.edu)
- Each cataract gene ortholog was mapped in relation to over 3,000 markers including microsatellites, ESTs, genes, and BAC clones. (upenn.edu)
- All genes mapped within or near chromosomal locations with previously established homology to the corresponding human gene locations based on canine:human chromosomal synteny. (upenn.edu)
- Radiation hybrid maps have a resolution power intermediate to that of the genetic and BAC contig maps and are also a powerful tool for the mapping of ESTs and genes by simple PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mapping of the NDUFA2, NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFB8, and NDUFS8 electron transport chain genes by intron based radiation hybrid mapping. (nih.gov)
- High-density rat radiation hybrid maps containing over 24,000 SSLPs, genes, and ESTs provide a direct link to the rat genome sequence. (mcw.edu)
- Our long-term goal is to develop the necessary gene mapping tools for feline geneticists to identify and characterize genes causing disease in cats. (vin.com)
- QTL mapping and mining for functional candidate genes affecting health - the German ADR QTL Dairy Cattle Project. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)
- Screening the porcine CHORI-242 BAC library with a full-length AKR1C4 cDNA identified 7 positive clones and sample sequencing of 5 BAC clones revealed 5 distinct AKR1C genes ( AKR1CL2 and AKR1C1 through 4 ), which mapped to 126-128 cM on SSC10. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using the IMpRH 7000rad and IMNpRH2 12000rad radiation hybrid panels, these 5 genes mapped between microsatellite markers SWR67 and SW2067 . (biomedcentral.com)
- Comparison of sequence data with the porcine BAC fingerprint map show that the cluster of genes resides in a 300 kb region. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome10
- Radiation hybrid mapping was also used in constructing early physical maps of the human genome. (wikipedia.org)
- The resulting independently determined RH-map locations were compared with the corresponding gene locations from the draft sequence of the canine genome. (upenn.edu)
- Moreover, once framework RH maps of a genome have been constructed, a quick location of markers by simple PCR on the RH panel is possible. (biomedcentral.com)
- While in the process of finishing our map, the first draft sequence assembly of the chicken genome was released (March 1st, 2004). (biomedcentral.com)
- 2005. An alternative to radiation hybrid mapping for large-scale genome analysis in barley . (hutton.ac.uk)
- A second generation radiation hybrid map to aid the assembly of the bovine genome sequence. (genscript.com)
- The cytogenetic map will add an extra level of quality control to the feline genome maps, which will better enable feline researchers to identify the genetic bases of feline diseases and will enhance the health of the species. (vin.com)
- We can learn much by studying the temporal and spatial evolution of the lesions in the nervous system in spontaneously occurring or induced diseases in animals.The rapid development of the dog genome map brings an important benefit to the study of inherited canine diseases. (stanford.edu)
- We describe numerous global features of the genome and examine the relationship of various genetic maps with the assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, the challenges in genome annotation remain daunting [ 10 ], and the research community can anticipate years of additional work and manual curation to produce a true gene map of high quality. (biomedcentral.com)
Markers4
- To confirm the validity of the map and to provide valuable comparative mapping information, both markers from the genetic map and a high number of ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) were used. (biomedcentral.com)
- The final map is composed of 73 framework markers extending over a 1315.6 cR distance. (biomedcentral.com)
- The quality of both the GGA5 RH map and of the sequence assembly was therefore checked by alignment of all the markers by BLAST searches. (biomedcentral.com)
- The current cat gene map contains over 1,900 markers mapped in a feline radiation hybrid (RH) panel. (vin.com)
Characterization2
- Topics to be covered include the use of assisted reproductive technologies for enhanced livestock productivity, radiation hybrid mapping and gene-marker selection in animal characterization and breeding programmes. (fao.org)
- The preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid material based on the combination of a 2D-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets and a 1D-coordination polymer (1D-CP) has been achieved through a simple mixture of suspensions of both building blocks via an exfoliation/restacking approach. (mdpi.com)
ESTs2
- Loci for 9322 equine expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were predicted using the Comparative Mapping by Annotation and Sequence Similarity (Compass) strategy in order to evaluate the programme's ability to make accurate locus predictions in species with comparative gene maps. (uaeu.ac.ae)
- The locations of 30 ESTs were assessed experimentally by RH mapping analysis to evaluate the accuracy of the Compass predictions. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Clones1
- Genomic DNA from two of the cell lines has been used to construct region-specific cosmid and bacteriophage libraries, and clones derived from these libraries were localized by hybridization to the panel of hybrid cell lines. (ncsu.edu)
Cytogenetic1
- Similarly, formerly independent maps, based on cytogenetic banding patterns, meiotic crossovers and radiation hybrids, may be placed within the single consensus sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic3
- You are able to load genomic, genetic or radiation hybrid maps. (animalgenome.org)
- All comparitive maps are based on the UCSC synteny for genomic maps. (animalgenome.org)
- In the current version of VCMap, if you wish to load genetic or radiation hybrid comparative map, the genomic version of that map must be loaded before the genetic or radiation hybrid comparative map. (animalgenome.org)
Sequence1
- A backbone map is the primary map that will serve as the anchor off of which all comparative maps loaded will locate their sequence. (animalgenome.org)
Annotation1
- With large overlapping pieces of annotation, for example QTL, the annotation may be placed into groups if more than three features overlap in the same area of the map. (animalgenome.org)
Customized radiation therapy1
- Our care providers will work with you and your other cancer care providers as a team to develop and implement a safe, customized radiation therapy plan that's right for you. (brighamandwomens.org)
Abstract1
- On constructing radiation hybrid maps (extended abstract). (auth.gr)
Canine1
- Comparative gene mapping among human, murine, and canine genomes have the potential to rapidly identify mutations that underlie various disease syndromes. (stanford.edu)
Synteny1
- The available human/chicken comparative mapping data indicated conservation of synteny between GGA5 and portions of HSA11, HSA14 and HSA15. (biomedcentral.com)
Radioactive1
- Radiation Dispersal Device - A conventional explosion has scattered radioactive material ("dirty bomb"), saboteurs blew up a truck carrying radioactive material, or an aerosol containing radioactive material has been spread over a large area. (cdc.gov)
Restriction1
- Several of these probes reveal restriction fragment length polymorphisms which have been genetically mapped. (ncsu.edu)
Human1
- Constraints on the design of primers were to avoid presence of long introns, whose position and length was predicted on the basis of the orthologous human gene structure, and to design primers in the most divergent regions of the human/chicken alignment, to limit cross-amplification with the hamster DNA present in the hybrids. (biomedcentral.com)
Beam4
- The MRI-LINAC, meanwhile, is a state-of-the-art hybrid device that integrates a modified, lower-field (0.35T) MRI scanner with a linear accelerator (radiation delivery machine) to reduce the magnetic interference on the radiation beam. (brighamandwomens.org)
- In addition, it allows for fast elemental mapping in one go, which is especially crucial when working with beam-sensitive materials. (dectris.com)
- The early published literature on post-radiation therapy pathology in patients with prostate cancer was based on treatment with external beam radiation. (medscape.com)
- In external beam therapy , a beam delivers radiation to the whole pelvis, with a boost to the prostate. (medscape.com)
Electron6
- Fast and sensitive, this hybrid-pixel electron detector enables advanced data collection in EELS and 4D STEM. (dectris.com)
- ELA hybrid-pixel detector is specifically optimized for Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D STEM). (dectris.com)
- This is the only fully integrated hybrid-pixel electron detector with Gatan Microscopy Suite® (GMS) software for advanced electron diffraction studies. (dectris.com)
- In a joint publication in Ultramicroscopy, Nion and DECTRIS tested and characterized DECTRIS ELA® hybrid-pixel electron detector and its application potential. (dectris.com)
- Simultaneously record the Zero-Loss Peak (ZLP) and the core-loss features that are present in the spectrum with our radiation-hard, high-dynamic-range electron detectors. (dectris.com)
- If you are interested in trying out a DECTRIS ELA® hybrid-pixel electron detector in your experimental setup, contact us. (dectris.com)
Prediction2
- When used with optimized prediction parameters, the Compass strategy can be a practical in silico map location prediction tool for large EST sample sets from unsequenced animal genomes. (uaeu.ac.ae)
- The index is based on the integration of public transcript, protein, and mapping information, supplemented with computational prediction. (biomedcentral.com)
Procedure1
- This video highlights the two components of the new MRI-RT, a 3 Tesla MRI scanner modified for radiation therapy planning called the MR Advanced Procedure and Simulation (MAPS) unit and an integrated MRI-guided linear accelerator (MRI-LINAC). (brighamandwomens.org)
High4
- RH mapping has lower resolution than optical mapping, but is still of high enough resolution to be valuable. (wikipedia.org)
- The chicken ChickRH6 panel recently produced was used here to construct a high resolution RH map of chicken GGA5. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is a new high-precision radiation treatment that targets tumors with high doses of radiation while minimizing damage to normal healthy tissues. (brighamandwomens.org)
- The MAPS unit includes a high-field strength (3.0T) magnet for diagnostic quality imaging for initial radiation therapy planning. (brighamandwomens.org)
Study2
- Considering the annual mean value of solar radiation and the efficiency of solar panels, the study concluded that the country's solar power potential is 50,174 megawatts (MW). (nbr.org)
- The study, using GIS mapping, revealed that the country has a combined rooftop solar, utility-scale solar, and floating solar potential of 191,000 MW. (nbr.org)
Data2
- After clicking the 'Search' button, VCMap will begin searching the currently loaded maps and the data from its database. (animalgenome.org)
- 2014). NanoMap: Geographical mapping of atmospheric nucleation through analysis of particle number size distribution and trajectory data. (lu.se)
Search1
- To search by location, click the 'Search by Location' tab, enter the start position (no label required), enter the stop position (no label required), select the map you would like to search and click the 'Search' button. (animalgenome.org)
Present1
- There is a variety of potential terrorist incidents involving radiation that could result in mass casualties that could present at hospitals in the area near the incident. (cdc.gov)
Locations1
- The loadable maps within VCMap have been gathered from multiple locations and have all been compiled by NCBI. (animalgenome.org)
Previously1
- The hyalinized and thickened vessels provide a clue that the patient previously received radiation therapy, even if the clinician has not specified this. (medscape.com)
Research2
- Rat Genetic Mapping Project, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. (mcw.edu)
- The research, supported by Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources software, further estimated the wind power potential to be 4,614 MW while still factoring in the limited grid access and wind resource potential. (nbr.org)
Department1
- The Radiation Oncology Department at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) is one of the premier radiation treatment programs in the world. (brighamandwomens.org)
Damage1
- Perform elemental mapping almost in real time, and with minimal radiation damage to your sample, using our extremely fast hybrid-pixel detectors. (dectris.com)
Method2
- A hybrid method of generalized transition matrix (GTM) and physical optics (PO) with synthetic basis functions (SBF) is proposed to analyze electromagnetic systems on electrically large platforms. (hindawi.com)
- Numerical examples will be shown to demonstrate the feasibility of the hybrid method. (hindawi.com)