Polyethyleneimine
Polyethylenes
Poloxalene
Imines
Nanoparticles
Polymers
Drug Carriers
Materials Testing
Gene Transfer Techniques
Transfection
Anions
Biocompatible Materials
Surface Properties
DNA
Liposomes
RNA, Small Interfering
Genetic Therapy
Nucleotide exchange in genomic DNA of rat hepatocytes using RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Targeted delivery of liposomes and polyethyleneimine to the asialoglycoprotein receptor. (1/494)
Chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides have been shown to promote single nucleotide exchange in genomic DNA. A chimeric molecule was designed to introduce an A to C nucleotide conversion at the Ser365 position of the rat factor IX gene. The oligonucleotides were encapsulated in positive, neutral, and negatively charged liposomes containing galactocerebroside or complexed with lactosylated polyethyleneimine. The formulations were evaluated for stability and efficiency in targeting hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Physical characterization and electron microscopy revealed that the oligonucleotides were efficiently encapsulated within the liposomes, with the positive and negative formulations remaining stable for at least 1 month. Transfection efficiencies in isolated rat hepatocytes approached 100% with each of the formulations. However, the negative liposomes and 25-kDa lactosylated polyethyleneimine provided the most intense nuclear fluorescence with the fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides. The lactosylated polyethyleneimine and the three different liposomal formulations resulted in A to C conversion efficiencies of 19-24%. In addition, lactosylated polyethyleneimine was also highly effective in transfecting plasmid DNA into isolated hepatocytes. The results suggest that both the liposomal and polyethyleneimine formulations are simple to prepare and stable and give reliable, reproducible results. They provide efficient delivery systems to hepatocytes for the introduction or repair of genetic mutations by the chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. (+info)Tracking the intracellular path of poly(ethylenimine)/DNA complexes for gene delivery. (2/494)
Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) is one of a number of polycations that has been used successfully to transfer genes into living cells. Although PEI shows promise in the field of gene therapy, to date no rigorous proof of mechanism has been published regarding the fate of PEI/DNA administered for transfection. Here we show, by using fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy, the paths of PEI/DNA complexes from endocytosis to gene expression. We found that complexes attach to cell surfaces and migrate into clumps that are endocytosed. The endocytotic vesicles grow in number and size and are occasionally seen to lyse. Most interesting is the fact that endocytosed PEI, whether administered with or without DNA, undergoes nuclear localization in the form of ordered structures. (+info)Gene transfer with synthetic virus-like particles via the integrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. (3/494)
The interaction between cationic DNA-containing particles and cell surface anionic proteoglycans is an efficient means of entering cultured cells. Therapeutic in vivo gene delivery levels, however, require binding to less ubiquitous molecules. In an effort to follow adenovirus, thiol-derivatized polyethylenimine (PEI) was conjugated to the integrin-binding peptide CYGGRGDTP via a disulfide bridge. The most extensively conjugated derivative (5.5% of the PEI amine functions) showed physical properties of interest for systemic gene delivery. In the presence of excess PEI-RGD, plasmid DNA was condensed into a rather homogeneous population of 30-100 nm toroidal particles as revealed by electron microscopy images in 150 mM salt. Their surface charge was close to neutrality as a consequence of the shielding effect of the prominent zwitterionic peptide residues. Transfection efficiency of integrin-expressing epithelial (HeLa) and fibroblast (MRC5) cells was increased by 10- to 100-fold as compared with PEI, even in serum. This large enhancement factor was lost when aspartic acid was replaced by glutamic acid in the targeted peptide sequence (RGD/RGE), confirming the involvement of integrins in transfection. PEI-RGD/DNA complexes thus share with adenovirus constitutive properties such as size and a centrally protected DNA core, and 'early' properties, i.e. cell entry mediated by integrins and acid-triggered endosome escape. (+info)Mannose polyethylenimine conjugates for targeted DNA delivery into dendritic cells. (4/494)
Cell surface-bound receptors represent suitable entry sites for gene delivery into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Here we have taken advantage of the mannose receptor that is highly expressed on antigen-presenting dendritic cells for targeted gene transfer by employing mannosylpolyethylenimine (ManPEI) conjugates. Several ManPEI conjugates were synthesized and used for formation of ManPEI/DNA transfection complexes. Conjugates differed in the linker between mannose and polyethylenimine (PEI) and in the size of the PEI moiety. We demonstrate that ManPEI transfection is effective in delivering DNA into mannose receptor-expressing cells. Uptake of ManPEI/DNA complexes is receptor-specific, since DNA delivery can be competed with mannosylated albumin. Additionally, incorporation of adenovirus particles into transfection complexes effectively enhances transgene expression. This is particularly important for primary immunocompetent dendritic cells. It is demonstrated here that dendritic cells transfected with ManPEI/DNA complexes containing adenovirus particles are effective in activating T cells of T cell receptor transgenic mice in an antigen-specific fashion. (+info)Effect of liposome-encapsulated clodronate pretreatment on synthetic vector-mediated gene expression in mice. (5/494)
One of the main limitations for the use of synthetic vectors in gene therapy is their relatively low in vivo efficiency when compared with viral vectors. Here, we describe a pretreatment protocol with liposome-encapsulated clodronate in mice by which gene expression levels of a luciferase reporter gene could be increased up to nine-fold in the lung, after intravenous (i.v.) injection of glycerolipoplexes. Optimal results were obtained if mice were pretreated with liposome-encapsulated clodronate 1 day before injection of lipoplexes. The enhancement effect could be observed for lipoplexes prepared with different multivalent cationic glycerolipids. Most remarkably, polyplexes behaved in the opposite way. Liposome-encapsulated clodronate pretreatment strongly reduced reporter gene expression after i.v. injection of polyethylenimine-polyplexes (ExGen500). (+info)Polymer-cushioned bilayers. I. A structural study of various preparation methods using neutron reflectometry. (6/494)
This neutron reflectometry study evaluates the structures resulting from different methods of preparing polymer-cushioned lipid bilayers. Four different techniques to deposit a dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer onto a polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated quartz substrate were examined: 1) vesicle adsorption onto a previously dried polymer layer; 2) vesicle adsorption onto a bare substrate, followed by polymer adsorption; and 3, 4) Langmuir-Blodgett vertical deposition of a lipid monolayer spread over a polymer-containing subphase to form a polymer-supported lipid monolayer, followed by formation of the outer lipid monolayer by either 3) horizontal deposition of the lipid monolayer or 4) vesicle adsorption. We show that the initial conditions of the polymer layer are a critical factor for the successful formation of our desired structure, i.e., a continuous bilayer atop a hydrated PEI layer. Our desired structure was found for all methods investigated except the horizontal deposition. The interaction forces between these polymer-supported bilayers are investigated in a separate paper (Wong, J. Y., C. K. Park, M. Seitz, and J. Israelachvili. 1999. Biophys. J. 77:1458-1468), which indicate that the presence of the polymer cushion significantly alters the interaction potential. These polymer-supported bilayers could serve as model systems for the study of transmembrane proteins under conditions more closely mimicking real cellular membrane environments. (+info)Polymer-cushioned bilayers. II. An investigation of interaction forces and fusion using the surface forces apparatus. (7/494)
We have created phospholipid bilayers supported on soft polymer "cushions" which act as deformable substrates (see accompanying paper, Wong, J. Y., J. Majewski, M. Seitz, C. K. Park, J. N. Israelachvili, and G. S. Smith. 1999. Biophys. J. 77:1445-1457). In contrast to "solid-supported" membranes, such "soft-supported" membranes can exhibit more natural (higher) fluidity. Our bilayer system was constructed by adsorption of small unilamellar dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles onto polyethylenimine (PEI)-supported Langmuir-Blodgett lipid monolayers on mica. We used the surface forces apparatus (SFA) to investigate the long-range forces, adhesion, and fusion of two DMPC bilayers both above and below their main transition temperature (T(m) approximately 24 degrees C). Above T(m), hemi-fusion activation pressures of apposing bilayers were considerably smaller than for solid-supported bilayers, e.g., directly supported on mica. After separation, the bilayers naturally re-formed after short healing times. Also, for the first time, complete fusion of two fluid (liquid crystalline) phospholipid bilayers was observed in the SFA. Below T(m) (gel state), very high pressures were needed for hemi-fusion and the healing process became very slow. The presence of the polymer cushion significantly alters the interaction potential, e.g., long-range forces as well as fusion pressures, when compared to solid-supported systems. These fluid model membranes should allow the future study of integral membrane proteins under more physiological conditions. (+info)Improved packing of poly(ethylenimine)/DNA complexes increases transfection efficiency. (8/494)
We have developed a modified poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) transfection procedure that significantly increases PEI's transfection efficiency. While the basic transfection procedure had a transfection efficiency of 37%, our modified procedure yielded a 53% transfection efficiency. The altered procedure gives improved results because of two simultaneous actions: free polycations are removed from the transfecting solutions, and the composition of the PEI complexes that are administered to cells has been modified. The reduction in the amount of free polycations in transfecting solutions reduced the toxicity sometimes associated with the administration of polycations to cellular environments. The structural modification of PEI/DNA transfecting complexes involves improved PEI packing around the delivered plasmid to yield a greater buffering capacity without a change in the complex's surface charge concentration. These structural properties were confirmed by titration and zeta potential analyses. Whether the modified PEI/DNA complexes are more effective because of increased cellular uptake or an enhanced ability to escape from endolysosomes has been addressed. The increase in transfection efficiency was obtained when the buffering capacity of the PEI/DNA was increased without a change in surface charge concentration, which implies that it is the property of enhanced lysosomal buffering that is responsible for successful PEI transfection. (+info)Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is not a medical term per se, but a chemical compound that is used in various medical and biomedical applications. Therefore, I will provide you with a chemical definition of PEI:
Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a synthetic polymer consisting of repeating units of ethylene imine (-CH2-CH2-NH-). It is available in various forms, including linear and branched structures, depending on the synthesis method. The amine groups in PEI can be protonated (positively charged) under acidic conditions, making it a cationic polymer. This property allows PEI to interact strongly with negatively charged molecules such as DNA, RNA, and cell membranes, which is the basis for its use in gene delivery, drug delivery, and as a flocculant in water treatment.
I believe there may be some confusion in your question as Polyethylenes are not a medical term, but rather a category of synthetic polymers commonly used in various industrial and medical applications. Here's a brief overview:
Polyethylene (PE) is a type of thermoplastic polymer made from the monomer ethylene. It is a versatile material with numerous applications due to its chemical resistance, durability, and flexibility. There are several types of polyethylenes, including:
1. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE): This type has a lower density and more branching in its molecular structure, which results in less crystallinity. LDPE is known for its flexibility and is often used in packaging films, bags, and containers.
2. High-density polyethylene (HDPE): HDPE has a higher density and less branching, resulting in greater crystallinity. It is more rigid than LDPE and is commonly used in applications such as bottles, pipes, and containers.
3. Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE): This type combines the flexibility of LDPE with some of the strength and rigidity of HDPE. LLDPE has fewer branches than LDPE but more than HDPE. It is often used in film applications, such as stretch wrap and agricultural films.
4. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE): UHMWPE has an extremely high molecular weight, resulting in exceptional wear resistance, impact strength, and chemical resistance. It is commonly used in medical applications, such as orthopedic implants and joint replacements, due to its biocompatibility and low friction coefficient.
While polyethylenes are not a medical term per se, they do have significant medical applications, particularly UHMWPE in orthopedic devices.
Poloxalene is not a medical term, but a chemical compound. It's an ether used as a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifying agent in the pharmaceutical industry. Poloxalene is also known for its ability to reduce the severity of bloat (gas distention) in animals, particularly in ruminants like cows, when included in their feed. However, it's not typically used as a human medication.
In the field of organic chemistry, imines are a class of compounds that contain a functional group with the general structure =CR-NR', where C=R and R' can be either alkyl or aryl groups. Imines are also commonly referred to as Schiff bases. They are formed by the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with a primary amine, resulting in the loss of a molecule of water.
It is important to note that imines do not have a direct medical application, but they can be used as intermediates in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Additionally, some imines have been found to exhibit biological activity, such as antimicrobial or anticancer properties. However, these are areas of ongoing research and development.
Nanoparticles are defined in the field of medicine as tiny particles that have at least one dimension between 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). They are increasingly being used in various medical applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Due to their small size, nanoparticles can penetrate cells, tissues, and organs more efficiently than larger particles, making them ideal for targeted drug delivery and imaging.
Nanoparticles can be made from a variety of materials including metals, polymers, lipids, and dendrimers. The physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, such as size, shape, charge, and surface chemistry, can greatly affect their behavior in biological systems and their potential medical applications.
It is important to note that the use of nanoparticles in medicine is still a relatively new field, and there are ongoing studies to better understand their safety and efficacy.
In the context of medical definitions, polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits called monomers. These long chains of monomers can have various structures and properties, depending on the type of monomer units and how they are linked together. In medicine, polymers are used in a wide range of applications, including drug delivery systems, medical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Some examples of polymers used in medicine include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL).
A drug carrier, also known as a drug delivery system or vector, is a vehicle that transports a pharmaceutical compound to a specific site in the body. The main purpose of using drug carriers is to improve the efficacy and safety of drugs by enhancing their solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, while minimizing unwanted side effects.
Drug carriers can be made up of various materials, including natural or synthetic polymers, lipids, inorganic nanoparticles, or even cells and viruses. They can encapsulate, adsorb, or conjugate drugs through different mechanisms, such as physical entrapment, electrostatic interaction, or covalent bonding.
Some common types of drug carriers include:
1. Liposomes: spherical vesicles composed of one or more lipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.
2. Polymeric nanoparticles: tiny particles made of biodegradable polymers that can protect drugs from degradation and enhance their accumulation in target tissues.
3. Dendrimers: highly branched macromolecules with a well-defined structure and size that can carry multiple drug molecules and facilitate their release.
4. Micelles: self-assembled structures formed by amphiphilic block copolymers that can solubilize hydrophobic drugs in water.
5. Inorganic nanoparticles: such as gold, silver, or iron oxide nanoparticles, that can be functionalized with drugs and targeting ligands for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
6. Cell-based carriers: living cells, such as red blood cells, stem cells, or immune cells, that can be loaded with drugs and used to deliver them to specific sites in the body.
7. Viral vectors: modified viruses that can infect cells and introduce genetic material encoding therapeutic proteins or RNA interference molecules.
The choice of drug carrier depends on various factors, such as the physicochemical properties of the drug, the route of administration, the target site, and the desired pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Therefore, selecting an appropriate drug carrier is crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects.
In the context of medical and health sciences, particle size generally refers to the diameter or dimension of particles, which can be in the form of solid particles, droplets, or aerosols. These particles may include airborne pollutants, pharmaceutical drugs, or medical devices such as nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems.
Particle size is an important factor to consider in various medical applications because it can affect the behavior and interactions of particles with biological systems. For example, smaller particle sizes can lead to greater absorption and distribution throughout the body, while larger particle sizes may be filtered out by the body's natural defense mechanisms. Therefore, understanding particle size and its implications is crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.
I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.
In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.
Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.
Gene transfer techniques, also known as gene therapy, refer to medical procedures where genetic material is introduced into an individual's cells or tissues to treat or prevent diseases. This can be achieved through various methods:
1. **Viral Vectors**: The most common method uses modified viruses, such as adenoviruses, retroviruses, or lentiviruses, to carry the therapeutic gene into the target cells. The virus infects the cell and inserts the new gene into the cell's DNA.
2. **Non-Viral Vectors**: These include methods like electroporation (using electric fields to create pores in the cell membrane), gene guns (shooting gold particles coated with DNA into cells), or liposomes (tiny fatty bubbles that can enclose DNA).
3. **Direct Injection**: In some cases, the therapeutic gene can be directly injected into a specific tissue or organ.
The goal of gene transfer techniques is to supplement or replace a faulty gene with a healthy one, thereby correcting the genetic disorder. However, these techniques are still largely experimental and have their own set of challenges, including potential immune responses, issues with accurate targeting, and risks of mutations or cancer development.
Transfection is a term used in molecular biology that refers to the process of deliberately introducing foreign genetic material (DNA, RNA or artificial gene constructs) into cells. This is typically done using chemical or physical methods, such as lipofection or electroporation. Transfection is widely used in research and medical settings for various purposes, including studying gene function, producing proteins, developing gene therapies, and creating genetically modified organisms. It's important to note that transfection is different from transduction, which is the process of introducing genetic material into cells using viruses as vectors.
An anion is an ion that has a negative electrical charge because it has more electrons than protons. The term "anion" is derived from the Greek word "anion," which means "to go up" or "to move upward." This name reflects the fact that anions are attracted to positively charged electrodes, or anodes, and will move toward them during electrolysis.
Anions can be formed when a neutral atom or molecule gains one or more extra electrons. For example, if a chlorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a chloride anion (Cl-). Anions are important in many chemical reactions and processes, including the conduction of electricity through solutions and the formation of salts.
In medicine, anions may be relevant in certain physiological processes, such as acid-base balance. For example, the concentration of anions such as bicarbonate (HCO3-) and chloride (Cl-) in the blood can affect the pH of the body fluids and help maintain normal acid-base balance. Abnormal levels of anions may indicate the presence of certain medical conditions, such as metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.
Biocompatible materials are non-toxic and non-reacting substances that can be used in medical devices, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems without causing harm or adverse reactions to living tissues or organs. These materials are designed to mimic the properties of natural tissues and are able to integrate with biological systems without being rejected by the body's immune system.
Biocompatible materials can be made from a variety of substances, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The specific properties of these materials, such as their mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability, are carefully selected to meet the requirements of their intended medical application.
Examples of biocompatible materials include titanium used in dental implants and joint replacements, polyethylene used in artificial hips, and hydrogels used in contact lenses and drug delivery systems. The use of biocompatible materials has revolutionized modern medicine by enabling the development of advanced medical technologies that can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Surface properties in the context of medical science refer to the characteristics and features of the outermost layer or surface of a biological material or structure, such as cells, tissues, organs, or medical devices. These properties can include physical attributes like roughness, smoothness, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical properties like charge, reactivity, and composition.
In the field of biomaterials science, understanding surface properties is crucial for designing medical implants, devices, and drug delivery systems that can interact safely and effectively with biological tissues and fluids. Surface modifications, such as coatings or chemical treatments, can be used to alter surface properties and enhance biocompatibility, improve lubricity, reduce fouling, or promote specific cellular responses like adhesion, proliferation, or differentiation.
Similarly, in the field of cell biology, understanding surface properties is essential for studying cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and cell behavior. Cells can sense and respond to changes in their environment, including variations in surface properties, which can influence cell shape, motility, and function. Therefore, characterizing and manipulating surface properties can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular processes and offer new strategies for developing therapies and treatments for various diseases.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material present in the cells of organisms where it is responsible for the storage and transmission of hereditary information. DNA is a long molecule that consists of two strands coiled together to form a double helix. Each strand is made up of a series of four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - that are linked together by phosphate and sugar groups. The sequence of these bases along the length of the molecule encodes genetic information, with A always pairing with T and C always pairing with G. This base-pairing allows for the replication and transcription of DNA, which are essential processes in the functioning and reproduction of all living organisms.
Liposomes are artificially prepared, small, spherical vesicles composed of one or more lipid bilayers that enclose an aqueous compartment. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, making them useful for drug delivery applications in the medical field. The lipid bilayer structure of liposomes is similar to that of biological membranes, which allows them to merge with and deliver their contents into cells. This property makes liposomes a valuable tool in delivering drugs directly to targeted sites within the body, improving drug efficacy while minimizing side effects.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a type of short, double-stranded RNA molecule that plays a role in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The RNAi pathway is a natural cellular process that regulates gene expression by targeting and destroying specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, thereby preventing the translation of those mRNAs into proteins.
SiRNAs are typically 20-25 base pairs in length and are generated from longer double-stranded RNA precursors called hairpin RNAs or dsRNAs by an enzyme called Dicer. Once generated, siRNAs associate with a protein complex called the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which uses one strand of the siRNA (the guide strand) to recognize and bind to complementary sequences in the target mRNA. The RISC then cleaves the target mRNA, leading to its degradation and the inhibition of protein synthesis.
SiRNAs have emerged as a powerful tool for studying gene function and have shown promise as therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases, including viral infections, cancer, and genetic disorders. However, their use as therapeutics is still in the early stages of development, and there are challenges associated with delivering siRNAs to specific cells and tissues in the body.
Genetic therapy, also known as gene therapy, is a medical intervention that involves the use of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, to treat or prevent diseases. It works by introducing functional genes into cells to replace missing or faulty ones caused by genetic disorders or mutations. The introduced gene is incorporated into the recipient's genome, allowing for the production of a therapeutic protein that can help manage the disease symptoms or even cure the condition.
There are several approaches to genetic therapy, including:
1. Replacing a faulty gene with a healthy one
2. Inactivating or "silencing" a dysfunctional gene causing a disease
3. Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight off a disease, such as cancer
Genetic therapy holds great promise for treating various genetic disorders, including cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and certain types of cancer. However, it is still an evolving field with many challenges, such as efficient gene delivery, potential immune responses, and ensuring the safety and long-term effectiveness of the therapy.
A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is separate from the chromosomal DNA of a bacterium or other organism. Plasmids are typically not essential for the survival of the organism, but they can confer beneficial traits such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to degrade certain types of pollutants.
Plasmids are capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA and can be transferred between bacteria through a process called conjugation. They often contain genes that provide resistance to antibiotics, heavy metals, and other environmental stressors. Plasmids have also been engineered for use in molecular biology as cloning vectors, allowing scientists to replicate and manipulate specific DNA sequences.
Plasmids are important tools in genetic engineering and biotechnology because they can be easily manipulated and transferred between organisms. They have been used to produce vaccines, diagnostic tests, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for various applications, including agriculture, medicine, and industry.
Polyethylenimine
Antimicrobial polymer
Electrophoretic light scattering
Polyamine
Zinc oxide
Molecular imprinting
Paper chemicals
Hydrogel
Vectors in gene therapy
Tissue nanotransfection
Alexander Kabanov (chemist)
Martin Zenke
2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline
Retention agent
Moein Moghimi
Telomerase reverse transcriptase
Antonios Mikos
Nanocluster
Andrew R. Barron
Taft equation
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor
Gene therapy for epilepsy
Transfection
Millicent Sullivan
Intracellular delivery
Magnetofection
Polyelectrolyte adsorption
Reduction-sensitive nanoparticles
Gene therapy for osteoarthritis
Carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics
Polyethylenimine - Wikipedia
Recent Polyethyleneimine Market Investment Activity From
Global Industrial Polyethyleneimine Market Research Report 2023
Photoactive Yellow Protein Adsorption at Hydrated Polyethyleneimine and Poly-l-Glutamic Acid Interfaces
Efficiently engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine& | IJN
Enhanced photo-stability of inverted organic solar cells via using polyethylenimine in the electron extraction layers
Polyethyleneimine Market by Type (Branched, Linear), Application (Adhesives and Sealants, Detergents, Water Treatment Chemicals...
A Targeted Non-viral Vector Based On Polyethylenimine Increases Transfection Efficiency of U87 Glioblastoma Cells - cns.org
Process simulations of post-combustion CO2 capture for coal and natural gas-fired power plants using a polyethyleneimine/silica...
Encapsulating Polyethyleneimine-DNA Nanoplexes into PEGylated Biodegradable Microparticles Increases Transgene Expression In...
PDXScholar - Student Research Symposium: Polyethylenimine-Enhanced Alumina Nanoscale Adjuvant for Cancer Vaccine
Label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticle/polyethyleneimine/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for...
On the Supramacromolecular Structure of Core-Shell Amphiphilic Macromolecules Derived from Hyperbranched Polyethyleneimine -...
Polyethyleneimine (PEI) Solution | Applied Biological Materials Inc.
Industrial Polyethyleneimine A Versatile And Growing Market - ReportPrime
Supported Poly(ethyleneimine) Adsorbents for CO2 Removal from Air
Enhancement of poly(orthoester) microspheres for DNA vaccine delivery by blending with poly(ethylenimine)<...
Polyethyleneimine derivatives as catalysts : dye-binding capacity and reactivity are not diminished on extensive internal cross...
Multiple thin film formation from dilute mixtures of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)<...
Antibacterial Activity of Polyethylenimine/Carrageenan Multilayer against Pathogenic Bacteria | fatcat!
Journal of Materials Chemistry B Recent Review Articles Home
Layer-by-layer self-assembly of pillared two-dimensional multilayers | Nature Communications
Electrodeposition behavior of Zn-polyethyleneimine composite from sulfate solution and its micro structure<...
Quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles for treating bacterial contaminated water<...
Nanofilms directly formed on macro-porous substrates for molecular and ionic sieving (Journal Article) | DOE PAGES
Hyperbranched polyethylenimine functionalized silica/polysulfone nanocomposite membranes for water purification - Publikacja -...
Catalytic coproduction of methanol and glycol in one pot from epoxide, CO2, and H2 (Journal Article) | DOE PAGES
Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of aerosol and intravenously administered DNA-polyethyleneimine complexes: Optimization of...
Polyethyleneimine brushes effectively inhibit encrustation on polyurethane ureteral stents both in dynamic bioreactor and in...
Polyethyleneimine and DNA nanoparticles-based gene therapy for acute lung injury<...
Nanoparticles8
- When coated on the nanoparticles and conjugated with E6E7 protein, the polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) proved to be most effective at strengthening the immune response in vaccinated mice. (pdx.edu)
- Quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QA-PEI) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by polyethylenimine crosslinking and alkylation with octyl iodide followed by methyl iodide quaternization. (biu.ac.il)
- Hyperbranched polyethyleneimine functionalized silica (PEI-SiO2) nanoparticles with considerable hydrophilicity were synthesized and incorporated into a polysulfone (PSF)/dimethylacetamide (DMA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) membrane casting solution in five different ratios to fabricate PEI-SiO2/PSF nanocomposite membranes using nonsolvent-induced phase separation. (mostwiedzy.pl)
- Here, we tested whether nanoparticles based on polyethylenimine (PEI) and DNA could be a potential treatment. (tmu.edu.tw)
- Antibacterial Effect of Provisional Cements with Incorporated Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Study. (bvsalud.org)
- Incorporation of quaternized polyethyleneimine nanoparticles (QPEI) into provisional cements may be effective against bacteria in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
- Polyethyleneimine (PEI) conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-PEIs) have potential use as positively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for nanomedical applications, due to their cationic surface that promotes cellular uptake and gene transfection. (nist.gov)
- Poly lactic-co-glycolic-acid (PLGA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) are polymeric nanoparticles commonly used in gene delivery, each manifesting their own set of advantages and disadvantages. (tdl.org)
Polymer6
- Polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyaziridine is a polymer with repeating units composed of the amine group and two carbon aliphatic CH2CH2 spacers. (wikipedia.org)
- Polyethyleneimine (PEI), also known as poly-aziridine, is a cationic polymer composed of repeating units of ethyleneimine. (marketresearch.com)
- Polyethyleneimine is a polymer with a linear or branched structure composed of repeating ethyleneimine units. (reportprime.com)
- cross-linking of polyethyleneimine in the presence of methyl orange dye produces a polymer which has doubled binding capacity for this dye than has the polymer cross-linked in the absence of added dye. (kent.ac.uk)
- Dilute mixtures of the water soluble polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) form mesostructured thin films at the air/solution interface. (bath.ac.uk)
- Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a type of polymer that is composed of repeating units of ethyleneimine. (marketresearchcommunity.com)
Industrial Polyethyleneimine Market10
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- The data generated by conducting the primary and secondary research.The report covers detail analysis of driver, constraints and scope for new players entering the Industrial Polyethyleneimine market. (bharatbook.com)
- 4. The report starts with Industrial Polyethyleneimine market statistics and moves to important points, with dependent markets categorized by market trend by application. (bharatbook.com)
- In this article, we explore the dynamic world of the Industrial Polyethyleneimine Market . (reportprime.com)
- The Industrial Polyethyleneimine Market is poised for further growth, primarily due to the continued focus on environmental protection and sustainability, increased demand in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors, and the development of innovative applications. (reportprime.com)
Adsorption2
- With increasing the molecular weight of polyethyleneimine and current density, the content of C and N in deposited films increased, indicating the increase in adsorption ability of polyethyleneimine onto cathode. (elsevierpure.com)
- During deposition, H + ions are detached from the polyethyleneimine due to rise of pH at cathode layer and, as a result, the lone pairs of electron in N atom increased, which resulted in increase in adsorption ability of polyethyleneimine onto cathode. (elsevierpure.com)
Silica2
- The regeneration heat for a polyethyleneimine (PEI)/silica adsorbent based carbon capture system is first assessed in order to evaluate its effect on the efficiency penalty of a coal or natural gas power plant. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- The formation of hierarchical aggregates from linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) was performed in aqueous media containing a series of divalent metal ions (Mn II , Fe II , Co II , Ni II , Cu II , Zn II ) and their organization processes are investigated by transcribing the structure into hard silica frames which can be appropriately characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements. (elsevierpure.com)
Cationic1
- To overcome these complications, in this study, cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) brushes grafted on PU stents and their performances were tested both in a dynamic biofilm reactor system (in vitro) and in a rat model (in vivo). (gazi.edu.tr)
Transfection reagent3
- Polyethyleneimine or PEI is a efficient polymeric transfection reagent, compatible for a wide range of cell lines and/or cell types including the most commonly used cells, such as HEK293 and CHO, grown in adherent and suspension cultures. (abmgood.com)
- Latest advances in transient transfection protocols using polyethylenimine (PEI) being a transfection reagent possess led to the introduction of cost-effective methods offering yields enough for commercial production of proteins for most preclinical needs. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
- One of the most commonly used and economical methods of transient gene expression uses polyethylenimine (PEI) as the transfection reagent (Boussif et al. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
CAGR2
- Chapter 1: presents a summary of the worldwide revenue and CAGR for the Polyethyleneimine market. (openpr.com)
- The Polyethyleneimine Market was valued at USD 416.27 Million in 2022 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 1.82% and is expected to reach USD 480.88 Million by 2030. (marketresearchcommunity.com)
Bromide1
- Polyethyleneimine molecules alkylated with naphthylmethyl bromide and benzyl bromide and internally cross-linked by reaction with alkyl dihalides have binding capabilities enhanced by up to twofold. (kent.ac.uk)
20222
- The report also calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management through the forecast period between 2022-2028.This research study of Industrial Polyethyleneimine involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. (bharatbook.com)
- The global polyethyleneimine market size reached US$ 377.24 Million in 2022. (marketresearch.com)
20231
- IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the global polyethyleneimine market, along with forecasts at the global, regional, and country level from 2023-2028. (marketresearch.com)
Carbon1
- This study reports a facile hydrothermal method to synthesize polyethylenimine-modified activated carbon derived from waste tires ( PEI-AC). (ktu.edu.tr)
Additionally1
- Additionally, the increased demand of Polyethyleneimine Market in many sectors also boosts the market growth during the forecast period. (marketresearchcommunity.com)
Forecast1
- This chapter also includes a forecast and analysis of the Polyethyleneimine market by type, application, and geography. (openpr.com)
Ions1
- Cross-linking does not reduce the number of primary amines in the alkylated polyethyleneimine available for reaction with Cu (1) ions or with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate anion. (kent.ac.uk)
10.10161
- M. Sadeghianlemraski, B.Y. Lee, T. Davidson-Hall, Z. Leonenko, H. Aziz, Enhanced photo-stability of inverted organic solar cells via using polyethylenimine in the electron extraction layers, Organic Electronics (2019), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.05.048. (uwaterloo.ca)
Molecular3
- The films deposited at current densities above 4000 A.m -2 from the solution containing polyethyleneimine exhibited the gloss, and the gloss was highest with polyethyleneimine of higher molecular weight of 70000. (elsevierpure.com)
- The preferred orientation of deposited Zn changed from {0001} to {1120} and {1010} with polyethyleneimine, and the size of Zn platelet crystals deceased with increasing the molecular weight of polyethyleneimine and current density. (elsevierpure.com)
- The deposition of Zn was polarized with polyethyleneimine, and the degree of polarization became larger at higher current density region with polyethyleneimine of higher molecular weight of 70000. (elsevierpure.com)
Protein2
- Chiral and achiral vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy was performed in the 1400-1700 and 2800-3800 cm−1 range to study the interfacial structure of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) adsorbed on polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) surfaces. (hu-berlin.de)
- To enhance the osteogenic potential of stem cell sheet, we fabricated bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP-2 ) gene-engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate (PEI-al) nanocomposites plus human BMP-2 complementary(c)DNA plasmid, and studied its osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. (dovepress.com)
Linear4
- Linear polyethyleneimines contain all secondary amines, in contrast to branched PEIs which contain primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups. (wikipedia.org)
- Linear polyethyleneimine has a melting point of around 67 °C. Both linear and branched polyethyleneimine can be stored at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
- Linear polyethyleneimine is able to form cryogels upon freezing and subsequent thawing of its aqueous solutions. (wikipedia.org)
- Both linear and branched polyethylenimine have been used for CO2 capture, frequently impregnated over porous materials. (wikipedia.org)
Adhesives1
- Polyethyleneimine finds many applications in products like: detergents, adhesives, water treatment agents and cosmetics. (wikipedia.org)
Effectively1
- Polyethyleneimine brushes effectively in. (gazi.edu.tr)
Anchoring cells1
- Polyethyleneimines are used in the cell culture of weakly anchoring cells to increase attachment. (wikipedia.org)
Type1
- The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the polyethyleneimine market based on the type. (marketresearch.com)
Study4
- Coherent Market Insights has conducted an in-depth analysis of the current market scenario and has published the latest Polyethyleneimine Market Study. (openpr.com)
- This study provides detailed information on market drivers, emerging trends, development opportunities, and market constraints that might have an impact on the dynamics of the Polyethyleneimine. (openpr.com)
- Chapter 5: offers accurate insights into market dynamics, COVID-19's impact on the Polyethyleneimine business, and consumer behavior study. (openpr.com)
- This study was designed to improve our understanding of genetic modification of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by polyethylenimine (PEI, branched with Mw 25 kD), one of non-viral vectors that show promise in stem cell genetic modification, in the context of cardiac regeneration for patients. (uni-hannover.de)
Facilitate1
- A basic medium used for CO 2 capture, polyethyleneimine (PEI 600 ), is shown to facilitate the formation of a key reaction intermediate, cyclic carbonates. (osti.gov)
Keywords1
- Keywords: Transient transfection Polyethylenimine (PEI) Iron (III) citrate Recombinant proteins manifestation Monoclonal antibody Chinese language hamster ovary (CHO) cell range Introduction The usage of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutics offers risen dramatically before few years. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Global Polyet2
- The market analysis also identifies the region with the greatest potential for growth in the global Polyethyleneimine market. (openpr.com)
- The report evaluates the size of the global Polyethyleneimine market and examines the strategy trends of the major international competitors. (openpr.com)
Market Research Report1
- Polyethyleneimine Market Research Report" was just released by Market Research Community. (marketresearchcommunity.com)
Structure2
- Electrodeposition of Zn-polyethyleneimine composite was performed at current density of 100-12000 A.m -2 and a charge of 4.8 × 10 5 C.m -2 in an agitated sulfate solution containing 1.84 mol.dm -3 of ZnSO 4 and 4 g.dm -3 of polyethyleneimine at pH 1.8 and at 313 K, and the deposition behavior and its micro structure were investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
- The increased adoption of Polyethyleneimine Market in the Petrochemicals industry is due to high workability, Stability of structure, good quality, and Demand for making things better. (marketresearchcommunity.com)
Gold1
- This paper describes the fabrication of an MMP-1 immunosensor based on a gold nanoparticle/polyethyleneimine/reduced graphene oxide (AuNP/PEI/rGO)-modified disposable screen-printed electrode (SPE). (edu.hk)
Influence2
- The influence of using Polyethylenimine (PEI) in the electron extraction layers (EELs) on the photo-stability of inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) is investigated. (uwaterloo.ca)
- The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial negative influence on the Polyethyleneimine Market in many different regions of the world. (marketresearchcommunity.com)
Thin1
- The DNA was extracted and analyzed for adducts by the phosphorus-32 (P32) postlabeling/polyethyleneimine thin layer chromatography technique. (cdc.gov)
Layer1
- Polyethyleneimine somewhat suppressed the rise of pH at cathode layer during deposition, or showed the buffer action of pH. (elsevierpure.com)
Essential1
- Industrial Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a versatile and essential chemical compound with a wide range of applications across industries. (reportprime.com)