Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.
Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.
Tuberculosis of the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs.
Exudates are fluids, CELLS, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from BLOOD VESSELS usually from inflamed tissues. Transudates are fluids that pass through a membrane or squeeze through tissue or into the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE of TISSUES. Transudates are thin and watery and contain few cells or PROTEINS.
The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs (LUNG) and lining the THORACIC CAVITY. Pleura consist of two layers, the inner visceral pleura lying next to the pulmonary parenchyma and the outer parietal pleura. Between the two layers is the PLEURAL CAVITY which contains a thin film of liquid.
The production of adhesions between the parietal and visceral pleura. The procedure is used in the treatment of bronchopleural fistulas, malignant pleural effusions, and pneumothorax and often involves instillation of chemicals or other agents into the pleural space causing, in effect, a pleuritis that seals the air leak. (From Fishman, Pulmonary Diseases, 2d ed, p2233 & Dorland, 27th ed)
Paired but separate cavity within the THORACIC CAVITY. It consists of the space between the parietal and visceral PLEURA and normally contains a capillary layer of serous fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces.
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.
A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Finely powdered native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is used as a dusting powder, either alone or with starch or boric acid, for medicinal and toilet preparations. It is also an excipient and filler for pills, tablets, and for dusting tablet molds. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from a body cavity or organ via a trocar and cannula, needle, or other hollow instrument.
Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space.
'Pleural diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that affect the pleura, the thin, double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs, including inflammation (pleurisy), effusions (excess fluid buildup), thickening, or tumors, which may cause chest pain, coughing, and breathing difficulties.
The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.
Neoplasms of the thin serous membrane that envelopes the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. Pleural neoplasms are exceedingly rare and are usually not diagnosed until they are advanced because in the early stages they produce no symptoms.
Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.
Surgical procedure involving the creation of an opening (stoma) into the chest cavity for drainage; used in the treatment of PLEURAL EFFUSION; PNEUMOTHORAX; HEMOTHORAX; and EMPYEMA.
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
Plastic tubes used for drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space. Their surgical insertion is called tube thoracostomy.
X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.
A rare neoplasm of large B-cells usually presenting as serious effusions without detectable tumor masses. The most common sites of involvement are the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. It is associated with HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8, most often occurring in the setting of immunodeficiency.
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.
Empyema due to MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.
The triad of benign FIBROMA or other ovarian tumors with ASCITES, and HYDROTHORAX due to large PLEURAL EFFUSIONS.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADENOSINE to INOSINE with the elimination of AMMONIA.
Infection with TREMATODA of the genus PARAGONIMUS.
Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.
An encapsulated accumulation of URINE in the retroperitoneal area. It has the appearance of a cyst (CYSTS). Urinoma is usually caused by URETERAL OBSTRUCTION, renal trauma or perforation of the renal collecting system.
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.
Puncture and aspiration of fluid from the PERICARDIUM.
Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).
Presence of milky lymph (CHYLE) in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, with or without infection.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
The serous fluid of ASCITES, the accumulation of fluids in the PERITONEAL CAVITY.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.
Leakage and accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID in the subdural space which may be associated with an infectious process; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION; and other conditions.
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.
Endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.
A genus of lung flukes of the family Troglotrematidae infecting humans and animals. This genus consists of several species one of which is PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI, a common lung fluke in humans.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.
Surgical excision (total or partial) of a portion of the pericardium. Pericardiotomy refers to incision of the pericardium.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Act of striking a part with short, sharp blows as an aid in diagnosing the condition beneath the sound obtained.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-7 in ductal epithelia and gastrointestinal epithelia.
The administration of therapeutic agents drop by drop, as eye drops, ear drops, or nose drops. It is also administered into a body space or cavity through a catheter. It differs from THERAPEUTIC IRRIGATION in that the irrigate is removed within minutes, but the instillate is left in place.
Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.
Diagnosis of the type and, when feasible, the cause of a pathologic process by means of microscopic study of cells in an exudate or other form of body fluid. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Act of listening for sounds within the body.
A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.
A species in the genus RHADINOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, isolated from patients with AIDS-related and "classical" Kaposi sarcoma.
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.
Ventilation of the middle ear in the treatment of secretory (serous) OTITIS MEDIA, usually by placement of tubes or grommets which pierce the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.

Differential diagnostic significance of the paucity of HLA-I antigens on metastatic breast carcinoma cells in effusions. (1/1198)

Distinction between benign reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic breast adenocarcinoma cells in effusions from patients with a known prior history of breast cancer is not the easiest task in diagnostic pathology. Here, we report the usefulness of testing the expression of class I HLA antigens (HLA A, B, C) in this respect. Cytospins were prepared from effusions of patients without the history of breast cancer (5 cases) and from effusions of patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (11 cases). Three effusions from cancerous patients were not malignant cytologically. The expression of HLA-A, B, C, HLA-DR and beta2-microglobulin as well as the macrophage antigen, CD14, was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. In 10 of 11 effusions the cytologically malignant cells expressed very weak or undetectable HLA-A,B,C as compared to the mesothelial cells and macrophages. The paucity of expression of HLA-A, B, C was detectable in those 3 cases where a definitive cytological diagnosis of malignancy could not be established. In contrast, mesothelial cells and macrophages from all samples were uniformly and strongly positive for both HLA-A, B, C and beta2-microglobulin. We conclude that the paucity of HLA-I antigens provides a marker helpful in distinguishing metastatic breast carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells in effusions.  (+info)

Use of fibrinolytic agents in the management of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyemas. (2/1198)

BACKGROUND: Standard treatment for pleural infection includes catheter drainage and antibiotics. Tube drainage often fails if the fluid is loculated by fibrinous adhesions when surgical drainage is needed. Streptokinase may aid the process of pleural drainage, but there have been no controlled trials to assess its efficacy. METHODS: Twenty four patients with infected community acquired parapneumonic effusions were studied. All had either frankly purulent/culture or Gram stain positive pleural fluid (13 cases; 54%) or fluid which fulfilled the biochemical criteria for pleural infection. Fluid was drained with a 14F catheter. The antibiotics used were cefuroxime and metronidazole or were guided by culture. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive intrapleural streptokinase, 250,000 IU daily, or control saline flushes for three days. The primary end points related to the efficacy of pleural drainage--namely, the volume of pleural fluid drained and the chest radiographic response to treatment. Other end points were the number of pleural procedures needed and blood indices of inflammation. RESULTS: The streptokinase group drained more pleural fluid both during the days of streptokinase/control treatment (mean (SD) 391 (200) ml versus 124 (44) ml; difference 267 ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) 144 to 390; p < 0.001) and overall (2564 (1663) ml versus 1059 (502) ml; difference 1505 ml, 95% CI 465 to 2545; p < 0.01). They showed greater improvement on the chest radiograph at discharge, measured as the fall in the maximum dimension of the pleural collection (6.0 (2.7) cm versus 3.4 (2.7) cm; difference 2.9 cm, 95% CI 0.3 to 4.4; p < 0.05) and the overall reduction in pleural fluid collection size (p < 0.05, two tailed Fisher's exact test). Systemic fibrinolysis and bleeding complications did not occur. Surgery was required by three control patients but none in the streptokinase group. CONCLUSIONS: Intrapleural streptokinase probably aids the treatment of pleural infections by improving pleural drainage without causing systemic fibrinolysis or local haemorrhage.  (+info)

Exogenous administration of heme oxygenase-1 by gene transfer provides protection against hyperoxia-induced lung injury. (3/1198)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) confers protection against a variety of oxidant-induced cell and tissue injury. In this study, we examined whether exogenous administration of HO-1 by gene transfer could also confer protection. We first demonstrated the feasibility of overexpressing HO-1 in the lung by gene transfer. A fragment of the rat HO-1 cDNA clone containing the entire coding region was cloned into plasmid pAC-CMVpLpA, and recombinant adenoviruses containing the rat HO-1 cDNA fragment Ad5-HO-1 were generated by homologous recombination. Intratracheal administration of Ad5-HO-1 resulted in a time-dependent increase in expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein in the rat lungs. Increased HO-1 protein expression was detected diffusely in the bronchiolar epithelium of rats receiving Ad5-HO-1, as assessed by immunohistochemical studies. We then examined whether ectopic expression of HO-1 could confer protection against hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Rats receiving Ad5-HO-1, but not AdV-betaGal, a recombinant adenovirus expressing Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, before exposure to hyperoxia (>99% O2) exhibited marked reduction in lung injury, as assessed by volume of pleural effusion and histological analyses (significant reduction of edema, hemorrhage, and inflammation). In addition, rats receiving Ad5-HO-1 also exhibited increased survivability against hyperoxic stress when compared with rats receiving AdV-betaGal. Expression of the antioxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and of L-ferritin and H-ferritin was not affected by Ad5-HO-1 administration. Furthermore, rats treated with Ad5-HO-1 exhibited attenuation of hyperoxia-induced neutrophil inflammation and apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest the feasibility of high-level HO-1 expression in the rat lung by gene delivery. To our knowledge, we have demonstrated for the first time that HO-1 can provide protection against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in vivo by modulation of neutrophil inflammation and lung apoptosis.  (+info)

Chronic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta presenting with right pleural effusion and left phrenic paralysis. (4/1198)

A 62-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with chronic dysphagia and lower back pain. Chest radiography revealed a wide mediastinal shadow and an elevated left diaphragm, which proved to be secondary to left phrenic paralysis. The patient was diagnosed with an aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta and was admitted to the hospital. After the patient was admitted, the aneurysm ruptured into the right chest. The patient underwent an emergency operation to replace the ruptured segment with a synthetic graft. Postoperative recovery and follow-up were uneventful. This report describes an unusual presentation of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis caused by compression of the phrenic nerve is an unusual complication that, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported.  (+info)

Empirical treatment with fibrinolysis and early surgery reduces the duration of hospitalization in pleural sepsis. (5/1198)

The efficacy of three different treatment protocols was compared: 1) simple chest tube drainage (Drain); 2) adjunctive intrapleural streptokinase (IP-SK); and 3) an aggressive empirical approach incorporating SK and early surgical drainage (SK+early OP) in patients with pleural empyema and high-risk parapneumonic effusions. This was a nonrandomized, prospective, controlled time series study of 82 consecutive patients with community-acquired empyema (n=68) and high-risk parapneumonic effusions (n=14). The following three treatment protocols were administered in sequence over 6 years: 1) Drain (n=29, chest catheter drainage); 2) IP-SK (n=23, adjunctive intrapleural fibrinolysis with 250,000 U x day(-1) SK); and 3) SK+early OP (n=30, early surgical drainage was offered to patients who failed to respond promptly following initial drainage plus SK). The average duration of hospital stay in the SK+early OP group was significantly shorter than in the Drain and IP-SK groups. The mortality rate was also significantly lower in the SK+early OP than the Drain groups (3 versus 24%). It was concluded that an empirical treatment strategy which combines adjunctive intrapleural fibrinolysis with early surgical intervention results in shorter hospital stays and may reduce mortality in patients with pleural sepsis.  (+info)

High pleural fluid hyaluronan concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis. (6/1198)

Previous studies have shown that high pleural fluid (Pf) hyaluronan (HYA) concentrations may be due not only to malignant mesothelioma but also to inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate Pf-HYA in various nonmalignant inflammatory pleural disorders. A radiometric assay was used to determine HYA in Pf and serum (S) of 126 patients, 12 of whom had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 22 tuberculosis, 22 pneumonia, 41 lung cancer, 10 malignant mesothelioma and 19 congestive heart failure. Pf-HYA values were correlated with values for Pf-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and Pf-interleukin (IL)-1beta, as determined by radioimmunoassay. The highest median Pf-HYA (125.6 mg x L(-1), range 0.04-386.5 mg x L(-1)) occurred in patients with malignant mesothelioma. Among patients with nonmalignant inflammatory diseases, significantly higher median Pf-HYA were observed in those with rheumatoid arthritis (64.2 mg x L(-1), range 25.8-106.9 mg x L(-1)) than in those with tuberculosis (25.5 mg x L(-1), range 14.9-57.1 mg x L(-1), p<0.0005) or pneumonia (20.9 mg x L(-1), range 9.5-129.4 mg x L(-1), p<0.005). There was no correlation between Pf-HYA and S-HYA. Pf-HYA correlated positively with Pf-TNF-alpha (r=0.62) and Pf-IL-1beta (r=0.52). High pleural fluid hyaluronan occurs not only in malignant mesothelioma, but also in certain nonmalignant inflammatory diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. One explanation for the increase in pleural fluid hyaluronan may be local production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta.  (+info)

The pigtail catheter for pleural drainage: a less invasive alternative to tube thoracostomy. (7/1198)

BACKGROUND: Tube thoracostomy remains the standard of care for the treatment of pneumothoraces and simple effusions. This report describes a favorable experience with the 8.3 French pigtail catheter as a less invasive alternative to traditional chest tube insertion. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 109 consecutive pigtail catheter placements. Catheters were inserted under local anesthesia at the bedside without radiographic guidance. Pre- and post-insertion chest radiographs were reviewed to determine efficacy of drainage. RESULTS: Fifty-one of 109 patients (47%) were mechanically ventilated and 26 patients (24%) had a coagulopathy. There were no complications related to pigtail catheter insertion. Seventy-seven pigtail catheters were placed for pleural effusion and 32 for pneumothorax. Mean effusion volume decreased from 43 to 9 percent, and drainage averaged 2899 ml over 97 hours. Mean pneumothorax size diminished from 38 to 1 percent during an average 71-hour placement. Clinical success rates in the effusion and pneumothorax groups were 86 and 81 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: The pigtail catheter offers reliable treatment of pneumothoraces and simple effusions and is a safe and less invasive alternative to tube thoracostomy.  (+info)

Thoracic blastomycosis and empyema. (8/1198)

Blastomycosis is endemic in river valley areas of the southeastern and Midwestern United States. Pulmonary manifestations include chronic cough and pleuritic pain. Radiographic appearance of the infection can mimic bronchogenic lung carcinoma. Pleural effusion is rarely associated with this pulmonary infection, and empyema has not been previously reported. We report a case of pulmonary and pleural Blastomyces dermatitidis infection presenting as empyema thoracis. Diagnosis and treatment were attained with video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) pleural and lung biopsy and debridement.  (+info)

Pleural effusion is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which is the thin, fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. This space typically contains a small amount of fluid to allow for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing. However, when an excessive amount of fluid accumulates, it can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain.

Pleural effusions can be caused by various underlying medical conditions, including pneumonia, heart failure, cancer, pulmonary embolism, and autoimmune disorders. The fluid that accumulates in the pleural space can be transudative or exudative, depending on the cause of the effusion. Transudative effusions are caused by increased pressure in the blood vessels or decreased protein levels in the blood, while exudative effusions are caused by inflammation, infection, or cancer.

Diagnosis of pleural effusion typically involves a physical examination, chest X-ray, and analysis of the fluid in the pleural space. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the effusion and may include medications, drainage of the fluid, or surgery.

Malignant pleural effusion is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (the area between the lungs and the chest wall) due to the spread of malignant (cancerous) cells from a primary tumor located elsewhere in the body. This type of effusion is typically associated with advanced-stage cancer, and it can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain. The presence of malignant pleural effusion often indicates a poor prognosis, and treatment is generally focused on palliating symptoms and improving quality of life.

Pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, which is the potential space between the two layers of the pericardium - the fibrous and serous layers. The pericardium is a sac that surrounds the heart to provide protection and lubrication for the heart's movement during each heartbeat. Normally, there is only a small amount of fluid (5-15 mL) in this space to ensure smooth motion of the heart. However, when an excessive amount of fluid accumulates, it can cause increased pressure on the heart, leading to various complications such as decreased cardiac output and even cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Pericardial effusion may result from several causes, including infections (viral, bacterial, or fungal), inflammatory conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or cancer), trauma, heart surgery, kidney failure, or iatrogenic causes. The symptoms of pericardial effusion can vary depending on the rate and amount of fluid accumulation. Slowly developing effusions may not cause any symptoms, while rapid accumulations can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, palpitations, or even hypotension (low blood pressure). Diagnosis is usually confirmed through imaging techniques such as echocardiography, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the effusion, ranging from close monitoring to drainage procedures or medications to address the root cause.

Pleural Tuberculosis is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) that involves the infection and inflammation of the pleura, which are the thin membranes that surround the lungs and line the inside of the chest cavity. This condition is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which can spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

In pleural tuberculosis, the bacteria reach the pleura either through direct extension from a nearby lung infection or via bloodstream dissemination. The infection can cause the pleura to become inflamed and produce excess fluid, leading to pleural effusion. This accumulation of fluid in the pleural space can cause chest pain, coughing, and difficulty breathing.

Diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans, and laboratory tests such as acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy, culture, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) to detect the presence of M. tuberculosis in the pleural fluid or tissue samples.

Treatment of pleural tuberculosis typically involves a standard course of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT), which includes a combination of multiple antibiotics such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's response to therapy. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the pleural effusion or remove the infected pleura.

Exudates and transudates are two types of bodily fluids that can accumulate in various body cavities or tissues as a result of injury, inflammation, or other medical conditions. Here are the medical definitions:

1. Exudates: These are fluids that accumulate due to an active inflammatory process. Exudates contain high levels of protein, white blood cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages), and sometimes other cells like red blood cells or cellular debris. They can be yellow, green, or brown in color and may have a foul odor due to the presence of dead cells and bacteria. Exudates are often seen in conditions such as abscesses, pneumonia, pleurisy, or wound infections.

Examples of exudative fluids include pus, purulent discharge, or inflammatory effusions.

2. Transudates: These are fluids that accumulate due to increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure within the blood vessels. Transudates contain low levels of protein and cells compared to exudates. They are typically clear and pale yellow in color, with no odor. Transudates can be found in conditions such as congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome.

Examples of transudative fluids include ascites, pleural effusions, or pericardial effusions.

It is essential to differentiate between exudates and transudates because their underlying causes and treatment approaches may differ significantly. Medical professionals often use various tests, such as fluid analysis, to determine whether a fluid sample is an exudate or transudate.

The pleura is the medical term for the double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are called the parietal pleura, which lines the chest cavity, and the visceral pleura, which covers the surface of the lungs.

The space between these two layers is called the pleural cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows the lungs to move smoothly within the chest during breathing. The main function of the pleura is to protect the lungs and facilitate their movement during respiration.

Pleurodesis is a medical procedure that involves the intentional inflammation and subsequent fusion of the pleural surfaces, which are the thin layers of tissue that separate the lungs from the chest wall. This procedure is typically performed to prevent the recurrence of pneumothorax (a collapsed lung) or pleural effusions (abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural space).

During the pleurodesis procedure, an irritant such as talc, doxycycline, or silver nitrate is introduced into the pleural space. This causes an inflammatory response, leading to the formation of adhesions between the visceral and parietal pleura. These adhesions obliterate the potential space between the pleural layers, preventing the accumulation of air or fluid within that space.

There are two primary approaches to performing pleurodesis: thoracoscopic (using a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or VATS) and chemical (instilling a sclerosing agent through a chest tube). Both methods aim to achieve the same goal of creating adhesions between the pleural layers.

It is essential to note that, while pleurodesis can be an effective treatment for preventing recurrent pneumothorax or pleural effusions, it is not without risks and potential complications. These may include pain, fever, infection, empyema (pus in the pleural space), or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure.

The pleural cavity is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura, which are the two membranes that surround the lungs. The visceral pleura covers the outside of the lungs, while the parietal pleura lines the inside of the chest wall. Under normal conditions, these two layers are in contact with each other, and the space between them is virtually nonexistent. However, when air, fluid or inflammation accumulates within this space, it results in the formation of a pleural effusion, which can cause discomfort and difficulty breathing.

Otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as serous otitis media or glue ear, is a medical condition characterized by the presence of fluid in the middle ear without signs or symptoms of acute ear infection. The fluid accumulation occurs due to the dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, which results in negative pressure and subsequent accumulation of sterile fluid within the middle ear space.

OME can lead to hearing difficulties, especially in children, as the fluid buildup impairs sound conduction through the ossicles in the middle ear. Symptoms may include mild hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the affected ear. In some cases, OME can resolve on its own within a few weeks or months; however, persistent cases might require medical intervention, such as placement of tympanostomy tubes (ear tubes) to drain the fluid and restore hearing.

Hydrothorax is a medical term that refers to the abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the pleural space, which is the potential space between the lungs and the chest wall. This condition often results from various underlying pathological processes such as liver cirrhosis, heart failure, or kidney disease, where there is an imbalance in the body's fluid regulation leading to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. The presence of hydrothorax can cause respiratory distress and other symptoms related to lung function impairment.

Talc is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. It is widely used in various industries including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to its softness, lubricity, and ability to absorb moisture. In medical contexts, talc is often found in powdered products used for personal hygiene or as a drying agent in medical dressings. However, it should be noted that the use of talcum powder in the genital area has been linked to an increased risk of ovarian cancer, although the overall evidence remains controversial.

Chylothorax is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid called chyle in the pleural space, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. Chyle is a milky-white fluid that contains nutrients, electrolytes, and immune cells, and it is normally transported through the thoracic duct to the bloodstream.

Chylothorax can occur due to various reasons, such as trauma, surgery, tumors, or congenital abnormalities that disrupt the normal flow of chyle. As a result, chyle leaks into the pleural space, causing symptoms such as cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fever.

The diagnosis of chylothorax is usually made through imaging studies such as chest X-ray or CT scan, and confirmed by analyzing the fluid for the presence of chylomicrons, which are lipid particles found in chyle. The treatment options for chylothorax include dietary modifications, such as a low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides, chest tube drainage, and surgical interventions such as thoracic duct ligation or pleurodesis.

Paracentesis is a medical procedure in which a thin needle or catheter is inserted through the abdominal wall to remove excess fluid from the peritoneal cavity. This procedure is also known as abdominal tap or paracentesis aspiration. The fluid removed, called ascites, can be analyzed for infection, malignant cells, or other signs of disease. Paracentesis may be performed to relieve symptoms caused by the buildup of excess fluid in the abdomen, such as pain, difficulty breathing, or loss of appetite. It is commonly used to diagnose and manage conditions such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, and kidney failure.

Empyema is a collection of pus in a body cavity. Pleural empyema refers to the presence of pus in the pleural space, which is the thin fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. This condition usually develops as a complication of pneumonia or lung infection, and it can cause symptoms such as chest pain, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat the underlying infection, as well as drainage of the pus from the pleural space through procedures such as thoracentesis or chest tube placement. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the infected pleura and prevent recurrence.

Pleural diseases refer to conditions that affect the pleura, which is the thin, double-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. The space between these two layers contains a small amount of fluid that helps the lungs move smoothly during breathing. Pleural diseases can cause inflammation, infection, or abnormal collections of fluid in the pleural space, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, cough, and difficulty breathing.

Some common examples of pleural diseases include:

1. Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura that causes sharp chest pain, often worsened by breathing or coughing.
2. Pleural effusion: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which can be caused by various underlying conditions such as heart failure, pneumonia, cancer, or autoimmune disorders.
3. Empyema: A collection of pus in the pleural space, usually resulting from a bacterial infection.
4. Pleural thickening: Scarring and hardening of the pleura, which can restrict lung function and cause breathlessness.
5. Mesothelioma: A rare form of cancer that affects the pleura, often caused by exposure to asbestos.
6. Pneumothorax: A collection of air in the pleural space, which can result from trauma or a rupture of the lung tissue.

Proper diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, often involving imaging tests such as chest X-rays or CT scans, as well as fluid analysis or biopsy if necessary.

Drainage, in medical terms, refers to the removal of excess fluid or accumulated collections of fluids from various body parts or spaces. This is typically accomplished through the use of medical devices such as catheters, tubes, or drains. The purpose of drainage can be to prevent the buildup of fluids that may cause discomfort, infection, or other complications, or to treat existing collections of fluid such as abscesses, hematomas, or pleural effusions. Drainage may also be used as a diagnostic tool to analyze the type and composition of the fluid being removed.

Pleurisy is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pleura, which are the thin membranes that surround the lungs and line the inside of the chest cavity. The pleura normally produce a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing. However, when they become inflamed (a condition known as pleuritis), this can cause pain and difficulty breathing.

The symptoms of pleurisy may include sharp chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing, shortness of breath, cough, fever, and muscle aches. The pain may be localized to one area of the chest or may radiate to other areas such as the shoulders or back.

Pleurisy can have many different causes, including bacterial or viral infections, autoimmune disorders, pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to the lungs), and certain medications or chemicals. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation, as well as managing symptoms such as pain and breathing difficulties with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids. In some cases, more invasive treatments such as thoracentesis (removal of fluid from the chest cavity) may be necessary.

Pleural neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the pleura, which is the thin, double layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Malignant pleural neoplasms are often associated with lung cancer, mesothelioma, or metastasis from other types of cancer. They can cause symptoms such as chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans, followed by biopsy to confirm the type of tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Empyema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in a body cavity, most commonly in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the lung tissue to the pleural space. The buildup of pus can cause chest pain, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Empyema can be a complication of pneumonia or other respiratory infections, and it may require treatment with antibiotics, drainage of the pus, and sometimes surgery.

Thoracoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope, is inserted through a small incision between the ribs to examine the lungs and pleural space (the space surrounding the lungs). It allows the surgeon to directly view the chest cavity, take biopsies, and perform various operations. This procedure is often used in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusions, lung cancer, and other chest conditions.

Thoracostomy is a surgical procedure that involves the creation of an opening into the chest cavity to relieve excessive pressure, drain fluid or air accumulation, or provide access for surgery. It is commonly performed to treat conditions such as pneumothorax (collapsed lung), hemothorax (blood in the chest cavity), pleural effusion (excess fluid in the pleural space), and empyema (pus in the pleural space).

During a thoracostomy, a healthcare professional makes an incision on the chest wall and inserts a tube called a thoracostomy tube or chest tube. The tube is connected to a drainage system that helps remove the air, fluid, or blood from the chest cavity. This procedure can be performed as an emergency treatment or as a planned surgical intervention.

The medical definition of thoracostomy includes the following key components:

1. A surgical procedure
2. Involving the creation of an opening
3. Into the chest cavity (thorax)
4. To relieve pressure, drain fluids or air, or provide access for surgery
5. Often performed with the insertion of a thoracostomy tube or chest tube
6. Used to treat various conditions related to the pleural space and lungs

Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops in the mesothelial cells, which are the thin layers of tissue that cover many of the internal organs. The most common site for mesothelioma to occur is in the pleura, the membrane that surrounds the lungs. This type is called pleural mesothelioma. Other types include peritoneal mesothelioma (which occurs in the lining of the abdominal cavity) and pericardial mesothelioma (which occurs in the lining around the heart).

Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos, a group of naturally occurring minerals that were widely used in construction, insulation, and other industries because of their heat resistance and insulating properties. When asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested, they can become lodged in the mesothelium, leading to inflammation, scarring, and eventually cancerous changes in the cells.

The symptoms of mesothelioma can take many years to develop after exposure to asbestos, and they may include chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weight loss. Treatment options for mesothelioma depend on the stage and location of the cancer, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Unfortunately, the prognosis for mesothelioma is often poor, with a median survival time of around 12-18 months after diagnosis.

Ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within it. This buildup of fluid can cause the belly to swell and become distended. Ascites can be caused by various medical conditions, including liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, and kidney disease. The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity can lead to complications such as infection, reduced mobility, and difficulty breathing. Treatment for ascites depends on the underlying cause and may include diuretics, paracentesis (a procedure to remove excess fluid from the abdomen), or treatment of the underlying medical condition.

Chest tubes are medical devices that are inserted into the chest cavity to drain fluid, air, or blood. They are typically used to treat conditions such as pneumothorax (collapsed lung), hemothorax (blood in the chest cavity), pleural effusion (excess fluid in the chest cavity), and chylothorax (milky fluid in the chest cavity).

Chest tubes are usually inserted between the ribs and directed into the chest cavity, allowing for drainage of the affected area. The tubes are connected to a collection system that creates negative pressure, which helps to remove the air or fluid from the chest cavity.

The size and number of chest tubes used may vary depending on the severity and location of the condition being treated. Chest tubes are typically removed once the underlying condition has been resolved and the drainage has decreased to a minimal amount.

Thoracic radiography is a type of diagnostic imaging that involves using X-rays to produce images of the chest, including the lungs, heart, bronchi, great vessels, and the bones of the spine and chest wall. It is a commonly used tool in the diagnosis and management of various respiratory, cardiovascular, and thoracic disorders such as pneumonia, lung cancer, heart failure, and rib fractures.

During the procedure, the patient is positioned between an X-ray machine and a cassette containing a film or digital detector. The X-ray beam is directed at the chest, and the resulting image is captured on the film or detector. The images produced can help identify any abnormalities in the structure or function of the organs within the chest.

Thoracic radiography may be performed as a routine screening test for certain conditions, such as lung cancer, or it may be ordered when a patient presents with symptoms suggestive of a respiratory or cardiovascular disorder. It is a safe and non-invasive procedure that can provide valuable information to help guide clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that typically presents as an effusion (accumulation of fluid) in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal cavities without a detectable tumor mass. It is strongly associated with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) and often occurs in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. The malignant cells in PEL are typically large B-cells that secrete fluid, leading to the formation of effusions. This type of lymphoma is aggressive and has a poor prognosis.

Lung neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the lung tissue. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant lung neoplasms are further classified into two main types: small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung neoplasms can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss. They are often caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, but can also occur due to genetic factors, radiation exposure, and other environmental carcinogens. Early detection and treatment of lung neoplasms is crucial for improving outcomes and survival rates.

Picibanil is not a commonly used medical term, and it may be more familiar as the brand name for a specific preparation of Group A Streptococcus OK-432. It is an immunotherapeutic agent that has been used in Japan for the treatment of certain types of cancer, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma.

Group A Streptococcus OK-432 is a weakened form of a bacterium that causes strep throat. When administered, it stimulates the immune system to produce cytokines, which are substances that help regulate the immune response. This can enhance the body's ability to fight off cancer cells and potentially slow or stop tumor growth.

It is important to note that Picibanil/OK-432 is not approved for use in the United States and its effectiveness as a cancer treatment has not been extensively studied outside of Japan.

Tuberculous empyema is a specific type of empyema, which is a collection of pus in the pleural space (the space between the lungs and the chest wall). It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which is the same bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs.

In tuberculous empyema, the bacteria spread from the lungs to the pleural space, where they cause an infection and inflammation. This can lead to the accumulation of pus and the development of a chronic empyema. Symptoms may include chest pain, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Treatment typically involves a prolonged course of multiple antibiotics to kill the bacteria, as well as drainage of the pus from the pleural space. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and prevent recurrence.

Meigs syndrome is a rare medical condition characterized by the combination of ovarian tumor (most commonly fibroma or thecoma), ascites (abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity), and pleural effusion (fluid accumulation around the lungs). The hallmark feature of this syndrome is that all these symptoms resolve after the removal of the ovarian tumor.

It's important to note that not all women with ovarian tumors will develop Meigs syndrome, and its exact cause remains unclear. It primarily affects middle-aged women and is typically diagnosed through imaging tests (such as ultrasound or CT scan) and the exclusion of other possible causes of ascites and pleural effusion.

After surgical removal of the ovarian tumor, the ascites and pleural effusion usually resolve on their own within a few months. Meigs syndrome is not considered a malignant condition, but regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor for any potential recurrence of the ovarian tumor or development of other health issues.

Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the immune system by helping to regulate the levels of certain chemicals called purines within cells. Specifically, ADA helps to break down adenosine, a type of purine, into another compound called inosine. This enzyme is found in all tissues of the body, but it is especially active in the immune system's white blood cells, where it helps to support their growth, development, and function.

ADA deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that can lead to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a condition in which babies are born with little or no functional immune system. This makes them extremely vulnerable to infections, which can be life-threatening. ADA deficiency can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy, bone marrow transplantation, or gene therapy.

Paragonimiasis is a tropical pulmonary disease caused by the infection of Paragonimus species, a type of lung fluke. The disease cycle begins when humans consume undercooked or raw crustaceans (such as crabs or crayfish) that contain the larval form of the parasite. Once ingested, the larvae penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate to the lungs, where they develop into adult worms and produce eggs.

Symptoms of paragonimiasis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the location of the worms in the body. Common symptoms include coughing up blood (hemoptysis), chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, and diarrhea. In some cases, the parasites may migrate to other organs such as the brain or liver, causing additional complications.

Diagnosis of paragonimiasis typically involves a combination of clinical symptoms, imaging studies (such as chest X-rays), and laboratory tests (such as stool or sputum analysis for parasite eggs). Treatment usually involves administration of antihelminthic drugs such as praziquantel or triclabendazole to kill the adult worms. Preventive measures include cooking crustaceans thoroughly before consumption, avoiding raw or undercooked seafood, and practicing good personal hygiene.

Cardiac tamponade is a serious medical condition that occurs when there is excessive fluid or blood accumulation in the pericardial sac, which surrounds the heart. This accumulation puts pressure on the heart, preventing it from filling properly and reducing its ability to pump blood effectively. As a result, cardiac output decreases, leading to symptoms such as low blood pressure, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a rapid pulse. If left untreated, cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening, requiring emergency medical intervention to drain the fluid and relieve the pressure on the heart.

A urinoma is a medical term that refers to a collection or pooling of urine in a confined space or area within the body, usually due to a leakage from the urinary system. This condition most commonly occurs as a result of trauma, surgery, or injury to the urinary tract, such as the kidneys or ureters.

The accumulation of urine in the surrounding tissues can lead to inflammation, infection, and other complications if left untreated. Symptoms of a urinoma may include abdominal or back pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and decreased urine output. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging tests such as CT scans or ultrasounds, and treatment may involve surgical repair of the damaged urinary tract, placement of a catheter to drain the urinoma, or administration of antibiotics to prevent infection.

Pericarditis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pericardium, which is the thin sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart and contains serous fluid to reduce friction during heartbeats. The inflammation can cause symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and sometimes fever.

The pericardium has two layers: the visceral pericardium, which is tightly adhered to the heart's surface, and the parietal pericardium, which lines the inner surface of the chest cavity. Normally, there is a small amount of fluid between these two layers, allowing for smooth movement of the heart within the chest cavity.

In pericarditis, the inflammation causes the pericardial layers to become irritated and swollen, leading to an accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial space. This can result in a condition called pericardial effusion, which can further complicate the situation by putting pressure on the heart and impairing its function.

Pericarditis may be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, heart attacks, trauma, or cancer. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and reducing inflammation with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, or corticosteroids. In severe cases, pericardiocentesis (removal of excess fluid from the pericardial space) or surgical intervention may be necessary.

Pericardiocentesis is a medical procedure where a needle or a catheter is inserted into the pericardial sac, the thin fluid-filled space surrounding the heart, to remove excess fluids or air that has accumulated. This buildup can put pressure on the heart and impede its function, leading to various cardiac symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations. The procedure is often guided by echocardiography or fluoroscopy to ensure proper placement and minimize risks. Pericardiocentesis may be performed as an emergency treatment or a scheduled intervention, depending on the patient's condition.

Parasitic lung diseases refer to conditions caused by infection of the lungs by parasites. These are small organisms that live on or in a host organism and derive their sustenance at the expense of the host. Parasitic lung diseases can be caused by various types of parasites, including helminths (worms) and protozoa.

Examples of parasitic lung diseases include:

1. Pulmonary echinococcosis (hydatid disease): This is a rare infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The larvae form cysts in various organs, including the lungs.
2. Paragonimiasis: This is a food-borne lung fluke infection caused by Paragonimus westermani and other species. Humans become infected by eating raw or undercooked crustaceans (such as crabs or crayfish) that contain the larval stage of the parasite.
3. Toxocariasis: This is a soil-transmitted helminth infection caused by the roundworm Toxocara canis or T. cati, which are found in the intestines of dogs and cats. Humans become infected through accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, undercooked meat, or through contact with an infected animal's feces. Although the primary site of infection is the small intestine, larval migration can lead to lung involvement in some cases.
4. Amebic lung disease: This is a rare complication of amebiasis, which is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. The parasite usually infects the large intestine, but it can spread to other organs, including the lungs, through the bloodstream.
5. Cryptosporidiosis: This is a waterborne protozoan infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or C. hominis. Although the primary site of infection is the small intestine, immunocompromised individuals can develop disseminated disease, including pulmonary involvement.

Symptoms of parasitic lung diseases vary depending on the specific organism and the severity of infection but may include cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, and sputum production. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as stool or blood examinations for parasites or their antigens. Treatment depends on the specific organism but may include antiparasitic medications, supportive care, and management of complications.

Chylous ascites is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of milky, fat-containing fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space within the abdomen that contains the intestines, liver, and other organs. The fluid, called chyle, is normally found in the lymphatic system and is formed when dietary fats are absorbed from the small intestine.

Chylous ascites can occur as a result of damage to the lymphatic vessels that transport chyle from the intestines to the bloodstream. This damage can be caused by various conditions, such as trauma, surgery, tumors, inflammation, or congenital abnormalities. When the lymphatic vessels are damaged, chyle leaks into the peritoneal cavity and accumulates there, leading to ascites.

Symptoms of chylous ascites may include abdominal distension, pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. The condition can be diagnosed through various tests, such as imaging studies or analysis of the fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition, as well as managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include dietary modifications, medications to reduce lymphatic flow, or surgical interventions to repair damaged lymphatic vessels.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Ascitic fluid is defined as the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the two layers of the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. This buildup of fluid, also known as ascites, can be caused by various medical conditions such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, or infection. The fluid itself is typically straw-colored and clear, but it may also contain cells, proteins, and other substances depending on the underlying cause. Analysis of ascitic fluid can help doctors diagnose and manage the underlying condition causing the accumulation of fluid.

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures used to describe the performance of a diagnostic test or screening tool in identifying true positive and true negative results.

* Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people who have a particular condition (true positives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true positive rate" or "recall." A highly sensitive test will identify most or all of the people with the condition, but may also produce more false positives.
* Specificity refers to the proportion of people who do not have a particular condition (true negatives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true negative rate." A highly specific test will identify most or all of the people without the condition, but may also produce more false negatives.

In medical testing, both sensitivity and specificity are important considerations when evaluating a diagnostic test. High sensitivity is desirable for screening tests that aim to identify as many cases of a condition as possible, while high specificity is desirable for confirmatory tests that aim to rule out the condition in people who do not have it.

It's worth noting that sensitivity and specificity are often influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the condition in the population being tested, the threshold used to define a positive result, and the reliability and validity of the test itself. Therefore, it's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test.

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between two organs, vessels, or body parts that usually do not connect. It can form as a result of injury, infection, surgery, or disease. A fistula can occur anywhere in the body but commonly forms in the digestive system, genital area, or urinary system. The symptoms and treatment options for a fistula depend on its location and underlying cause.

Pneumothorax is a medical condition that refers to the presence of air in the pleural space, which is the potential space between the lungs and the chest wall. This collection of air can result in a partial or complete collapse of the lung. The symptoms of pneumothorax may include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, and rapid heartbeat.

The two main types of pneumothorax are spontaneous pneumothorax, which occurs without any apparent cause or underlying lung disease, and secondary pneumothorax, which is caused by an underlying lung condition such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or lung cancer.

Treatment for pneumothorax may include observation, oxygen therapy, needle aspiration, or chest tube insertion to remove the excess air from the pleural space and allow the lung to re-expand. In severe cases, surgery may be required to prevent recurrence.

A subdural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the potential space between the dura mater (the outermost layer of the meninges that covers the brain and spinal cord) and the arachnoid membrane (one of the three layers of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord) in the subdural space.

Subdural effusions can occur due to various reasons, including head trauma, infection, or complications from neurosurgical procedures. The fluid accumulation may result from bleeding (subdural hematoma), inflammation, or increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Depending on the underlying cause and the amount of fluid accumulated, subdural effusions can cause various symptoms, such as headaches, altered mental status, or neurological deficits.

Subdural effusions are often asymptomatic and may resolve independently; however, in some cases, medical intervention might be necessary to alleviate the pressure on the brain or address the underlying condition. Imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are typically used to diagnose and monitor subdural effusions.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The infection typically enters the body when a person inhales droplets containing the bacteria, which are released into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

The symptoms of pulmonary TB can vary but often include:

* Persistent cough that lasts for more than three weeks and may produce phlegm or blood-tinged sputum
* Chest pain or discomfort, particularly when breathing deeply or coughing
* Fatigue and weakness
* Unexplained weight loss
* Fever and night sweats
* Loss of appetite

Pulmonary TB can cause serious complications if left untreated, including damage to the lungs, respiratory failure, and spread of the infection to other parts of the body. Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics that can last several months, and it is essential for patients to complete the full treatment regimen to ensure that the infection is fully eradicated.

Preventive measures include vaccination with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which can provide some protection against severe forms of TB in children, and measures to prevent the spread of the disease, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, wearing a mask in public places, and avoiding close contact with people who have active TB.

Thoracic surgery, video-assisted (VATS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat various conditions related to the chest cavity, including the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, esophagus, and diaphragm. In VATS, a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope with a camera and light source, is inserted through small incisions in the chest wall to provide visualization of the internal structures. The surgeon then uses specialized instruments to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as biopsies, lung resections, or esophageal repairs. Compared to traditional open thoracic surgery, VATS typically results in less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recoveries for patients.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Pulmonary atelectasis is a medical condition characterized by the collapse or closure of the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in the lungs, leading to reduced or absent gas exchange in the affected area. This results in decreased lung volume and can cause hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood). Atelectasis can be caused by various factors such as obstruction of the airways, surfactant deficiency, pneumothorax, or compression from outside the lung. It can also occur after surgical procedures, particularly when the patient is lying in one position for a long time. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, and chest discomfort, but sometimes it may not cause any symptoms, especially if only a small area of the lung is affected. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, or even surgery in severe cases.

"Paragonimus" is a genus of lung flukes, which are parasitic flatworms that infect the lungs of humans and other mammals. The most common species that infect humans is Paragonimus westermani, also known as the oriental lung fluke.

Humans become infected with these parasites by eating raw or undercooked freshwater crustaceans (such as crabs or crayfish) that harbor the larval stage of the fluke. Once ingested, the larvae migrate from the intestines to the lungs, where they develop into adults and produce eggs. These eggs are coughed up and swallowed, and then passed in the feces. If the eggs reach fresh water, they hatch into miracidia, which infect snails, the first intermediate host.

Inside the snail, the parasites multiply asexually, and then emerge as cercariae, which encyst on the surface of crustaceans. When a human or another mammalian host eats the infected crustacean, the life cycle continues.

Paragonimiasis, the disease caused by Paragonimus infection, can lead to symptoms such as cough, chest pain, fever, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, it can cause lung damage and other complications.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Pneumonia is an infection or inflammation of the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in one or both lungs. It's often caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Accumulated pus and fluid in these air sacs make it difficult to breathe, which can lead to coughing, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of symptoms can vary from mild to life-threatening, depending on the underlying cause, the patient's overall health, and age. Pneumonia is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays or blood tests. Treatment usually involves antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, antivirals for viral pneumonia, and supportive care like oxygen therapy, hydration, and rest.

Pericardiectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of all or part of the pericardium, which is the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This surgery is typically performed to treat chronic or recurrent pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, or pericardial effusions that do not respond to other treatments. Pericardiectomy can help reduce symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup around the heart, improving the patient's quality of life and overall prognosis.

A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.

In medical terms, percussion is a diagnostic procedure in which the edge of a solid object (usually the finger or a small rubber hammer) is used to quickly and sharply strike the surface of the body, producing a sound that can help determine the size, shape, and density of underlying organs and structures. The resulting sound waves travel through the body and are interpreted by the practitioner to make assessments about the condition of the patient's internal organs.

Percussion is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques, such as auscultation (listening to bodily sounds) and palpation (feeling the body for abnormalities), to help form a complete picture of a patient's health. It is commonly used to assess the size and position of the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, and other organs, as well as to identify any fluid or air accumulations in the body.

Percussion is a valuable tool in physical examinations and can help healthcare providers make informed decisions about patient care. However, it requires practice and skill to perform accurately, and should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques for best results.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

Keratin-19 is a type I acidic keratin that is primarily expressed in simple epithelia, such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and epidermal appendages (e.g., hair follicles, sweat glands). It plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and integrity of these tissues by forming intermediate filaments that provide mechanical support to cells.

Keratin-19 is often used as a marker for simple epithelial differentiation and has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancer progression and metastasis. Mutations in the KRT19 gene, which encodes keratin-19, have been associated with certain genetic disorders, such as epidermolysis bullosa simplex, a blistering skin disorder.

In summary, Keratin-19 is an important structural protein expressed in simple epithelia that plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue integrity and has implications in various pathological conditions.

Instillation, in the context of drug administration, refers to the process of introducing a medication or therapeutic agent into a body cavity or onto a mucous membrane surface using gentle, steady pressure. This is typically done with the help of a device such as an eyedropper, pipette, or catheter. The goal is to ensure that the drug is distributed evenly over the surface or absorbed through the mucous membrane for localized or systemic effects. Instillation can be used for various routes of administration including ocular (eye), nasal, auricular (ear), vaginal, and intra-articular (joint space) among others. The choice of instillation as a route of administration depends on the drug's properties, the desired therapeutic effect, and the patient's overall health status.

A pancreatic fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the pancreas and another organ, often the digestive system. It usually occurs as a complication following trauma, surgery, or inflammation of the pancreas (such as pancreatitis). The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, and when these enzymes escape the pancreas through a damaged or disrupted duct, they can cause irritation and inflammation in nearby tissues, leading to the formation of a fistula.

Pancreatic fistulas are typically characterized by the drainage of pancreatic fluid, which contains high levels of digestive enzymes, into other parts of the body. This can lead to various symptoms, including abdominal pain, swelling, fever, and malnutrition. Treatment may involve surgical repair of the fistula, as well as supportive care such as antibiotics, nutritional support, and drainage of any fluid collections.

Cytodiagnosis is the rapid, initial evaluation and diagnosis of a disease based on the examination of individual cells obtained from a body fluid or tissue sample. This technique is often used in cytopathology to investigate abnormalities such as lumps, bumps, or growths that may be caused by cancerous or benign conditions.

The process involves collecting cells through various methods like fine-needle aspiration (FNA), body fluids such as urine, sputum, or washings from the respiratory, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary tracts. The collected sample is then spread onto a microscope slide, stained, and examined under a microscope for abnormalities in cell size, shape, structure, and organization.

Cytodiagnosis can provide crucial information to guide further diagnostic procedures and treatment plans. It is often used as an initial screening tool due to its speed, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional histopathological methods that require tissue biopsy and more extensive processing. However, cytodiagnosis may not always be able to distinguish between benign and malignant conditions definitively; therefore, additional tests or follow-up evaluations might be necessary for a conclusive diagnosis.

Auscultation is a medical procedure in which a healthcare professional uses a stethoscope to listen to the internal sounds of the body, such as heart, lung, or abdominal sounds. These sounds can provide important clues about a person's health and help diagnose various medical conditions, such as heart valve problems, lung infections, or digestive issues.

During auscultation, the healthcare professional places the stethoscope on different parts of the body and listens for any abnormal sounds, such as murmurs, rubs, or wheezes. They may also ask the person to perform certain movements, such as breathing deeply or coughing, to help identify any changes in the sounds.

Auscultation is a simple, non-invasive procedure that can provide valuable information about a person's health. It is an essential part of a physical examination and is routinely performed by healthcare professionals during regular checkups and hospital visits.

A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is a graphical representation used in medical decision-making and statistical analysis to illustrate the performance of a binary classifier system, such as a diagnostic test or a machine learning algorithm. It's a plot that shows the tradeoff between the true positive rate (sensitivity) and the false positive rate (1 - specificity) for different threshold settings.

The x-axis of an ROC curve represents the false positive rate (the proportion of negative cases incorrectly classified as positive), while the y-axis represents the true positive rate (the proportion of positive cases correctly classified as positive). Each point on the curve corresponds to a specific decision threshold, with higher points indicating better performance.

The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a commonly used summary measure that reflects the overall performance of the classifier. An AUC value of 1 indicates perfect discrimination between positive and negative cases, while an AUC value of 0.5 suggests that the classifier performs no better than chance.

ROC curves are widely used in healthcare to evaluate diagnostic tests, predictive models, and screening tools for various medical conditions, helping clinicians make informed decisions about patient care based on the balance between sensitivity and specificity.

Eosinophilia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of eosinophils in the circulating blood. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in fighting off parasitic infections and regulating allergic reactions. However, when their numbers become excessively high, they can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation.

Eosinophilia is typically defined as a count of more than 500 eosinophils per microliter of blood. Mild eosinophilia (up to 1,500 cells/μL) may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during routine blood tests. However, higher levels of eosinophilia can lead to various symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, skin rashes, and organ damage, depending on the underlying cause.

The causes of eosinophilia are varied and can include allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, certain medications, and some types of cancer. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilia require identification and management of the underlying cause.

Medical Definition of "Herpesvirus 8, Human" (HHV-8):

Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV), is a DNA virus from the family of Herpesviridae. It is the causative agent of several malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). HHV-8 is primarily transmitted through saliva, sexual contact, or organ transplantation. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, the risk of HHV-8-associated malignancies significantly increases. The virus establishes latency in infected cells and can periodically reactivate, causing inflammation and potentially leading to the development of cancer.

Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from glandular epithelial cells. These cells line the inside of many internal organs, including the breasts, prostate, colon, and lungs. Adenocarcinomas can occur in any of these organs, as well as in other locations where glands are present.

The term "adenocarcinoma" is used to describe a cancer that has features of glandular tissue, such as mucus-secreting cells or cells that produce hormones. These cancers often form glandular structures within the tumor mass and may produce mucus or other substances.

Adenocarcinomas are typically slow-growing and tend to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. They can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these treatments. The prognosis for adenocarcinoma depends on several factors, including the location and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and age.

Middle ear ventilation refers to the normal process of air movement between the middle ear and the back of the nose (nasopharynx) through the eustachian tube. This tube is a narrow canal that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps to regulate air pressure in the middle ear, preventing its accumulation and subsequent negative pressure or fluid build-up, which can lead to conditions such as otitis media (middle ear infection) or serous otitis media (fluid in the middle ear).

The eustachian tube opens during activities such as swallowing, yawning, or chewing, allowing fresh air to enter the middle ear and any accumulated fluid or gas to be drained out. Abnormalities in middle ear ventilation can result from dysfunction of the eustachian tube, leading to various middle ear disorders.

MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Pleural Effusion Pleural Effusion Images from MedPix (All articles with dead external links, Articles ... "pleural effusion" normally refers to hydrothorax. A pleural effusion can also be compounded by a pneumothorax (accumulation of ... Transudative pleural effusion Exudative pleural effusion By the underlying cause (see next section). The most common causes of ... A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung. Under ...
... at distinguishing malignant pleural effusions from other causes of pleural effusion, based on the presence of visible pleural ... Identification of pleural fluid biomarkers to distinguish malignant pleural effusions from other causes of exudative effusions ... Malignant pleural effusions are exudates. A low pleural fluid pH is associated with poorer survival and reduced pleurodesis ... Lung cancer and breast cancer account for about 50-65% of malignant pleural effusions. Other common causes include pleural ...
"Pleural effusion". Br Med J. 1 (4806): 389-391. 14 February 1953. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4806.389. PMC 2015473. PMID 13009222. with ...
A pleural effusion may be detected. Mackler's triad includes chest pain, vomiting, and subcutaneous emphysema, and while it is ... "Pleural Effusion". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 22 July 2021. Bautz, B; Schneider, JI (May 2020). "High-Risk ... pleural effusion(s) with or without pneumothorax, widened mediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema is typically seen. CT scan ... Patients may also have a pleural effusion high in amylase (from saliva), low pH, and may contain particles of food.[citation ...
Exudative pleural effusions are also associated with RA. People with RA are more prone to atherosclerosis, and risk of ... Balbir-Gurman A, Yigla M, Nahir AM, Braun-Moscovici Y (June 2006). "Rheumatoid pleural effusion". Seminars in Arthritis and ...
Pleural effusion usually occurs in patients previously diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, but it can also occur concurrently ... Rheumatoid pleuritis, a form of pleural effusion, is an uncommon complication of rheumatoid arthritis, occurring in 2-3% of ... Geisinger KR, Vance RP, Prater T, Semble E, Pisko EJ (1985). "Rheumatoid pleural effusion. A transmission and scanning electron ... Shinto R, Prete P (1988). "Characteristic cytology in rheumatoid pleural effusion". Am J Med. 85 (4): 587-9. doi:10.1016/0002- ...
... pleural effusions (fluid in the lung lining), pericardial effusions (fluid in the heart sack), chylothorax (chyle in the ... and pleural effusion. Pulmonary function testing reveals either restrictive pattern or a mixed obstructive/restrictive pattern ... the combination of pleural and peritoneal involvement with chylous effusions and lytic bone lesions carries the least favorable ... This offers one explanation as to why, unfortunately, the appearance of chylous effusions in the chest or abdomen may be the ...
"Tuberculous pleural effusion". Journal of Thoracic Disease. 8 (7): E486-94. doi:10.21037/jtd.2016.05.87. PMC 4958858. PMID ... It occurs during acute phases of the disease, with fever, cough, and pain while breathing (pleurisy). Pleural fluid usually ... Gold standard of diagnosis is the detection of Mycobacterium in pleural fluid. Other diagnostic tests include the detection of ... adenosine deaminase (above 40 U/L) and interferon gamma in pleural fluid. Akce, Mehmet; Bonner, Sarah; Liu, Eugene; Daniel, ...
This is a frequent occurrence with pleural effusion, caused by congestive heart failure (CHF). Leakage of air into the pleural ... Relaxation atelectasis (also called passive atelectasis) is when a pleural effusion or a pneumothorax disrupts the contact ... pleural effusion (transudate type); cyanosis (late sign); increased heart rate. It is a common misconception and pure ... It is usually associated with accumulation of blood, fluid, or air within the pleural cavity, which mechanically collapses the ...
Pleural effusion is often present. Other sites involved in septic metastasis and abscess formation are the muscles and soft ... Chest X-ray and chest CT may show pleural effusion, nodules, infiltrates, abscesses and cavitations.[citation needed] Bacterial ...
Pleural effusion is usually present. Shallow breathing from pain can lead to lung collapse. Pancreatic enzymes may attack the ... pleural effusion) has been validated as similar to other prognostic scoring systems. Globally the incidence of acute ...
Individuals with the cavitary form of PEL present with symptoms due to effusions in the pleural cavity (e.g. shortness of ... Youngster I, Vaisben E, Cohen H, Nassar F (January 2006). "An unusual cause of pleural effusion". Age Ageing. 35 (1): 94-6. doi ... all 8 patients had effusions containing malignant cells in their pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal spaces and had malignant ... Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is classified as a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. It is a rare malignancy of plasmablastic ...
It may also be put inside the chest to help prevent the recurrence of a pleural effusion due to cancer. However, for scarring ... It may also be administered inside the chest to help prevent the recurrence of a pleural effusion due to cancer; however talc ... Shaw P, Agarwal R (2004). Shaw PH (ed.). "Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... "Interventions for the management of malignant pleural effusions: a network meta-analysis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ...
He died from a pleural effusion. Veteran musician Kikumbi Mwanza Mpango Mwema, popularly known as King Kiki, confirmed Kyanga's ...
A collection of fluid in the pleural cavity is known as a pleural effusion. This may be due to fluid shifting from the ... On an x-ray diffuse infiltrates, interlobar fissures, and sometimes pleural effusions can be seen. It is a diagnosis of ... Karkhanis VS, Joshi JM (2012-06-22). "Pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management". Open Access Emergency Medicine. ... Pleural cavity diseases include pleural mesothelioma which are mentioned above. ...
If a pleural effusion were to develop due to AD, it is more common in the left hemithorax rather than the right hemithorax. ... A pleural effusion (fluid collection in the space between the lungs and the chest wall or diaphragm) can be due to either blood ... Pleural effusions, more commonly in descending aortic dissections, and typically left-sided. Other: the obliteration of the ... Karkhanis V, Joshi J (2012). "Pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management". Open Access Emergency Medicine. 4: 31-52 ...
In some cases of pleurisy, excess fluid builds up in the pleural space. This is called a pleural effusion. The buildup of ... Once the presence of an excess fluid in the pleural cavity, or pleural effusion, is suspected and location of fluid is ... or a pulmonary embolism can lead to a pleural effusion. Air or gas also can build up in the pleural space. This is called a ... Pleural effusion involving fibrinous exudates in the fluid may be called fibrinous pleurisy, which sometimes occurs as a later ...
Pleural effusions are seen on CT in 12% of patients with S-LAM and 6% of patients with TSC-LAM. Other CT features include ... Pleural effusion and pneumothorax may be apparent. Preservation of lung volumes in the presence of increased interstitial ... The LAM Foundation Pleural Consensus Group advocated the use of a pleural symphysis procedure with the first pneumothorax, ... chylous pleural effusions or ascites. Most people have dyspnea on exertion with daily activities by 10 years after symptom ...
Oncology-related conditions, namely neoplasms and myelomatous pleural effusion have been associated with chest pain. Chest pain ... "Characteristics of patients with myelomatous pleural effusion. A systematic review". Revista Clinica Espanola (in Spanish and ...
It is an extremely rare cause of pleural effusion. The characteristics of people affected by urinothorax are poorly defined. ... Pleural fluid analysis is one way to diagnose the condition. The pleural fluid is most often straw-colored, and it has a ... Difficulty breathing, occurring in moderate to large pleural effusions, is the most common respiratory symptom. Other symptoms ... Urinothorax remains a rare, possibly under-diagnosed, differential in the case of transudative pleural effusion. There were ...
Robertson, Ronald Foote (1953). "Pleural effusion: a clinical and cytological study". hdl:1842/27288. {{cite journal}}: Cite ...
... a collection of air within the pleural cavity Pleural effusion: a fluid accumulation within the pleural space. Pleural tumors: ... Exudative pleural effusions are generally caused by infections such as pneumonia (parapneumonic pleural effusion), malignancy, ... Transudative pleural effusions occur in congestive heart failure (CHF), cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome. Localized pleural ... The pleural cavity, pleural space, or interpleural space is the potential space between the pleurae of the pleural sac that ...
... usually sufficient to evaluate pericardial effusion and it may also help distinguish pericardial effusion from pleural effusion ... malignant effusion) A CT scan showing a pericardial effusion A large anechoic (black) pericardial effusion as seen on ... Chest x-ray: is non-specific and may not help identify a pericardial effusion but a very large, chronic effusion can present as ... Kopcinovic, Lara Milevoj; Culej, Jelena (15 February 2014). "Pleural, peritoneal and pericardial effusions - a biochemical ...
... the pleural effusion is classically on the right side. The causes of the ascites and pleural effusion are poorly understood. ... and right-sided pleural effusion. Ovarian malignancy and the other causes of pelvic mass, ascites, and pleural effusion to be ... In medicine, Meigs's syndrome, also Meigs syndrome or Demons-Meigs syndrome, is the triad of ascites, pleural effusion, and ... Atypical Meigs syndrome, characterized by a benign pelvic mass with right-sided pleural effusion but without ascites, can also ...
Complications may include a pleural effusion or paraplegia. It is a type of small round cell sarcoma. The cause of Ewing ...
Yam Kim-fai, 76, Chinese actress, pleural effusion. A. Maruthakasi, 69, Indian lyricist and poet. Ion Popescu-Gopo, 66, ...
Fluid in the pleural cavity causing pleural effusion. More commonly associated with excess fluid is pulmonary edema. Fluid in ... Dyspnea may be present due to pleural effusion or due to diaphragmatic compression with ascites. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ... such as sepsis or pleural effusion), the diuretics can be administered intravenously. This occurs where the risk from plasmatic ... In the advanced stages it also extends to the pleural cavity and peritoneum (ascites) and can even develop into a generalized ...
Complications such as pleural effusion may also be found on chest radiographs. Laterolateral chest radiographs can increase the ... Yu H (March 2011). "Management of pleural effusion, empyema, and lung abscess". Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 28 (1): ... vocal resonance distinguishes pneumonia from a pleural effusion. A chest radiograph is frequently used in diagnosis. In people ... If the infected fluid is not drained, the infection may persist, because antibiotics do not penetrate well into the pleural ...
This can be helpful as a cancer treatment to prevent pleural effusions (an abnormal collection of fluid in the space between ... In medicine, talc is used as a pleurodesis agent to prevent recurrent pleural effusion or pneumothorax. In the European Union, ... "Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 162 (5): 1987-2001. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.ats8-00. ...
... is performed to prevent recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and can be done chemically or ... American Thoracic Society (November 2000). "Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 162 (5): ... "A study of comparison of efficacy and safety of talc and povidone iodine for pleurodesis of malignant pleural effusions". J ... is indicated as a sclerosing agent to decrease the recurrence of malignant pleural effusions in symptomatic patients. It is ...
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Pleural Effusion Pleural Effusion Images from MedPix (All articles with dead external links, Articles ... "pleural effusion" normally refers to hydrothorax. A pleural effusion can also be compounded by a pneumothorax (accumulation of ... Transudative pleural effusion Exudative pleural effusion By the underlying cause (see next section). The most common causes of ... A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung. Under ...
Pleural disorders include pleurisy, pleural effusion and pneumothorax. Learn more. ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Pleural Diseases (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Pleural Effusion (National ... Malignant Pleural Effusion (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish * Pleurisy (Pleuritis) (American Academy of Family ... The most common cause of pleural effusion is congestive heart failure. Lung diseases, like COPD, tuberculosis, and acute lung ...
It is the most common manifestation of pleural disease, with etiologies ranging from cardiopulmonary disorders to symptomatic ... A pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space resulting from excess fluid production or decreased ... Pleural Effusion and an Axillary Mass in a Woman With Hypertension * A 26-Year-Old Woman With Pleural Effusion, Hydronephrosis ... 4, 5] Although the etiologic spectrum of pleural effusion can be extensive, most pleural effusions are caused by congestive ...
The rheumatoid nature of the pleural exudate in patients without arthritis mandates a pleural biopsy … ... Symptomatic effusions or suspicion of other causes of exudate (infection, malignancy) require thoracocentesis. ... "pleural effusion", and "empyema". Results: Pleural effusion is common in middle-aged men with RA and positive rheumatoid factor ... Rheumatoid pleural effusion Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jun;35(6):368-78. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002. ...
Bilateral pleural effusions. Emmet E. McGrath and Chris Barber. CMAJ November 23, 2010 182 (17) 1879-1882; DOI: https://doi.org ...
... Chest. 2011 Jun;139(6):1419-1423. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-1868. ... Background: Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) affect , 150,000 people each year in the United States. Current palliative ... pleurodesis protocol by combining medical thoracoscopy with talc pleurodesis and simultaneous placement of a tunneled pleural ...
In between the two is a thin space known as the pleural cavity or pleural space. This is filled with pleural fluid; a serous ... Pleural effusion results either from increased pleural fluid formation or decreased exit of fluid. ... American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pleural effusion pathophysiology All Images. X-rays. Echo & Ultrasound. CT Images. MRI ... Postoperative Pleural Effusion in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgical Procedures:. *Predominantly left-sided: suggestive of ...
... gnathostomiasis and eosinophilia and pleural effusion or pleuritis or lung) disclosed only two references to pleural effusion ... and clinical signs of left pleural effusion. The effusion was subsequently confirmed by chest x-ray, which also showed a ... Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion in Gnathostomiasis. Volume 10, Number 9-September 2004. Article Views: 339. Data is collected ... Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion in Gnathostomiasis. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2004;10(9):1690-1691. doi:10.3201/ ...
... recovery and follow-up care for Parapneumonic pleural effusion. ... Learn about Parapneumonic pleural effusion, find a doctor, ... Pleural effusion is a buildup of fluid in the pleural space. The pleural space is the area between the layers of the tissue ... Pleural effusion. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadels Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. ... Pleural effusions. In: Reed JC, ed. Chest Radiology: Patterns and Differential Diagnoses. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; ...
... of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia develop parapneumonic effusions. ... Pleural effusions are a common finding in patients with pneumonia. More than 40% of patients with bacterial pneumonia and 60% ... encoded search term (Parapneumonic Pleural Effusions and Empyema Thoracis) and Parapneumonic Pleural Effusions and Empyema ... The use of pleural fluid procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of parapneumonic pleural effusions: a systemic ...
All patients received a definitive pleural intervention with 77.8% pleurodesis success at 6-months and majority of them ... All patients received a definitive pleural intervention with 77.8% pleurodesis s... ... and improvement in quality of life can be achieved with either talc pleurodesis or insertion of an indwelling tunneled pleural ... and improvement in quality of life can be achieved with either talc pleurodesis or insertion of an indwelling tunnelled pleural ...
Illustration of Sternal angle (thoracentesis to remove pleural effusion) from the Netter Collection. ... Sternal angle (thoracentesis to remove pleural effusion). Sternal angle (thoracentesis to remove pleural effusion) ...
Pleural effusion is a common complication of mesothelioma and is characterized by a buildup of fluid around the lungs, in the ... Pleural Plaques Pleural Thickening Pleural Effusion and Mesothelioma Peritoneal Effusion (Ascites) Mesothelial Hyperplasia and ... What Causes Pleural Effusion?. Pleural effusion may be malignant or benign. The most common causes of pleural effusion are not ... About Pleural Effusion. Effusion refers to an unnatural buildup of fluid. Pleural effusion is fluid buildup in the pleural ...
BTS guidelines for the investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults ... BTS guidelines for the investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults ...
Pleural effusion in dogs is a condition in which an excessive quantity of fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity, which is the ... Pleural Effusion in Dogs: A Closer Look Understanding The Causes and Treatments of Pleural Effusion In Dogs BY Team PetCareRx ... How Long Can a Dog Live With Pleural Effusion?. The length of time a dog can live with pleural effusion varies widely and ... The following are some typical canine pleural effusion symptoms:. * Breathing problems: In dogs with pleural effusion, these ...
Pleural effusion - Transferir como PDF ou ver online gratuitamente ... Lamellar effusion b. Subpulmonary effusion c. Fissural effusion 2. Loculated effusion 3. Massive pleural effusion ... Effusion due to Heart Failure • Most common cause of pleural effusion • a diagnostic thoracentesis is done if: - the effusions ... Malignant Pleural Effusions • 2nd most common type of exudative pleural effusion (lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, & lymphoma ...
However, CT can help distinguish between pleural effusion and pleural empyema (see pleural effusion vs pleural empyema). ... Polymorphonuclear pleural effusion. Most pleural effusions with large numbers of polymorphs are acute 14:. *. parapneumonic ... Eosinophilic pleural effusion. Finding of an eosinophilic pleural effusion (,10% eosinophils) has no real clinical utility. ... Case 13: massive pleural effusion with mediastinal shiftCase 13: massive pleural effusion with mediastinal shift ...
Pleural Effusion. What is a Pleural Effusion?. The pleural space is the area within each side of the chest where the lungs are ... Pleural Effusion Causes. Pleural effusions can be diagnosed with prenatal ultrasound in any trimester of pregnancy but are most ... Fetal Pleural Effusion Treatment. In some cases, if an effusion is very small, it may be safely observed with close ultrasound ... Most pleural effusions do not recur with your next pregnancy. If testing determines that a future pregnancy may be at higher ...
Bilateral pleural effusions can be common in general radiology practice. They may be symmetrical or asymmetrical. They can ... Bilateral pleural effusion. Last revised by David Luong ◉ on 12 Jul 2021 ... 1. Puchalski J, et.al .Etiologies of bilateral pleural effusions. (2013) Respiratory medicine. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2012.10.004 ... 2. Ferreiro L, San José E, Antelo JS, Valdés L. Bilateral Pleural Effusion: A Proposed Diagnostic Decision Algorithm. (2016) ...
The ERS-education website provides centralised access to all educational material produced by the European Respiratory Society. It is the worlds largest CME collection for lung diseases and treatment offering high quality e-learning and teaching resources for respiratory specialists. This distance learning portal contains up-to-date study material for the state-of-the-art in Pulmonology.
Pleural mesothelioma is a deadly asbestos induced cancer. Less than 10% of mesothelioma patients survive 5 years post diagnosis ... 2.2Pleural effusion samples. Pleural effusions were collected in sterile containers following pleural aspiration or drainage. ... Association of pleural effusion cellular composition and soluble factor concentrations with pleural effusion cellular ... Fas and CD40 were significant negative predictors of pleural effusion lymphocyte frequencies. For pleural effusion neutrophils ...
A total of 442 pleural fluid effusion samples (PFES) from children with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of acute bacterial ... A total of 442 pleural fluid effusion samples (PFES) from children with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of acute bacterial ... Keywords: Dot-ELISA; Pneumococcal antigen detection; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pleural fluid effusion; Bacterial pneumonia. ... Dot-ELISA; Pneumococcal antigen detection; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Pleural fluid effusion; Bacterial pneumonia ...
Home By the Numbers Is it pulmonary edema or pleural effusion? Tips to avoid confusing medical... ... Is it pulmonary edema or pleural effusion? Tips to avoid confusing medical acronyms. By ...
Introduction to Pleural Effusions Article. Pleural effusions related to lung cancer are quite common, so its time that I ... A tunneled pleural catheter is an excellent way to manage the symptoms of a recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Dr. Jed ... Introduction to Malignant Pleural Effusions Video. Interventional pulmonologist Dr. Jed Gorden reviews malignant pleural ... Lung Cancer Video Library - Managing Malignant Pleural Effusions: Tunneled Pleural Catheter Video ...
Procainamide-induced lupus in a patient with bilateral pleural effusion]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai zasshi = the journal of the ... Drug-induced lupus pleuritis mimicking pleural space infection. Chest 1992 Jan;101;268-9 1992 Jan Pulmonary sequelae in ...
You are here: Home » A&E; Emergency Medicine; Accident and Emergency; Air leak; Pneumothorax; Pleural effusion; Empyema ... A&E; Emergency Medicine; Accident and Emergency; Air leak; Pneumothorax; Pleural effusion; Empyema ... This space is lined by a membrane (thin layer) called the pleura, and is known as the pleural cavity … ... "A&E; Emergency Medicine; Accident and Emergency; Air leak; Pneumothorax; Pleural effusion; Empyema" ...
1) Bhatnagar R, Maskell N. The modern diagnosis and management of pleural effusions. BMJ. 2015;351:h4520. ...
Pleural Effusion - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... Malignant pleural effusion If dyspnea caused by malignant pleural effusion is relieved by thoracentesis but fluid and dyspnea ... Cause of effusion Thoracentesis How To Do Thoracentesis Thoracentesis is needle aspiration of fluid from a pleural effusion. ... Symptoms and Signs of Pleural Effusion Some pleural effusions are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during physical ...
Pleural Effusion Overview. A pleural effusion is an accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space ... Pleural Effusion Market Outlook The Pleural Effusion market outlook of the report helps to build a detailed comprehension of ... Pleural Effusion Epidemiology Insights. * The estimated prevalence of pleural effusion is 320 cases per 100,000 people in ... Key Highlights of the Pleural Effusion Market * The Key Companies working in the Pleural Effusion market include Lung ...
  • Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) often results in debilitating symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) affects up to 15% of patients with cancer ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This can be referred to as malignant pleural effusion in dogs. (petcarerx.com)
  • Dr. Jed Gorden reviews the technique of pleurodesis to manage the complication of recurrent malignant pleural effusion (MPE). (cancergrace.org)
  • A tunneled pleural catheter is an excellent way to manage the symptoms of a recurrent malignant pleural effusion. (cancergrace.org)
  • Dr. Jed Gorden describes the details of how a thoracentesis is performed in order to clarify the diagnosis and treat symptoms of a malignant pleural effusion (MPE). (cancergrace.org)
  • Between 7 and 15% of patients with lung cancer develop a malignant pleural effusion (MPE), a fluid collection outside of the lung in the chest cavity. (cancergrace.org)
  • Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common problem for patients with metastatic cancer. (cancer.org.au)
  • Verma et al, investigated whether the addition of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in patients with a malignant pleural effusion is more successful in preventing pleural fluid re-accumulation following initial drainage. (cancer.org.au)
  • Pleural effusion most cancers life expectancy - Malignant pleural effusion is a complication involving the buildup of fluid containing most cancers cells between the membranes overlaying the lungs. (apklas.com)
  • Playing a vital role in respiration, the potential space of the pleural cavity in healthy patients conjoins the natural outward movement of the chest wall to that of the natural inward movement of the lungs via two mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • If there is only a small amount of pleural fluid in the chest, the doctor may insert a small needle or thin tube ( cannula ) into the chest. (macmillan.org.uk)
  • A pleural effusion is usually drained by putting a tube into the chest. (macmillan.org.uk)
  • The effusion was subsequently confirmed by chest x-ray, which also showed a discrete diffuse bilateral lung infiltrate. (cdc.gov)
  • The pleural space is the area between the layers of the tissue lining the lung and the chest cavity. (mountsinai.org)
  • MPE is usually the result of malignant infiltration of the pleural and commonly causes debilitating symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, and chest pain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pleural effusion is a build-up of fluid between the two layers of the pleura, the thin tissue surrounding the lungs and chest cavity. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Pericardial effusion may cause similar symptoms, especially pain in the chest. (mesothelioma.net)
  • If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma , a chest X-ray may be enough for your doctor to detect fluid in the pleural cavity . (mesothelioma.net)
  • Pleural effusion in dogs is a condition in which an excessive quantity of fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity, which is the area between the lungs and the chest wall. (petcarerx.com)
  • Trauma: Blunt force trauma or penetrating injuries to the chest can cause damage to the pleural cavity, leading to fluid accumulation. (petcarerx.com)
  • Loss of appetite: Pleural effusion can hurt or create chest pain in dogs, which may make them less hungry. (petcarerx.com)
  • The dog has swollen chest: This can be a visible symptom of pleural effusion in dogs. (petcarerx.com)
  • The pleural space is the area within each side of the chest where the lungs are located. (mottchildren.org)
  • With severe effusions, pressure from excess fluid build-up in the chest may also push on important blood vessels and the heart. (mottchildren.org)
  • However, many conditions can lead to the development of a pleural effusion, including genetic or chromosomal disorders, abnormalities of the heart structure or rhythm, masses that occupy space in the chest, infections, or abnormal function of the lymphatic system. (mottchildren.org)
  • Thoracoamniotic Shunt (chest tube) placement: a procedure in which a small plastic tube is placed inside the baby's chest wall to drain the excess fluid from the pleural space into the amniotic sac. (mottchildren.org)
  • Symptomatic transudates and most exudates require thoracentesis, chest tube drainage, and definitive pleural management (indwelling pleural catheter, talc pleurodesis, thoracic surgery, or a combination). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The symptoms of pleural effusion can include shortness of breath, chest pain (usually sharp and worsened by breathing), coughing, and sometimes fever. (lgdalliance.org)
  • Diagnosing pleural effusion often involves imaging tests such as chest X-rays or ultrasound, and further investigations like thoracentesis, a procedure in which a small amount of the accumulated fluid is withdrawn using a needle for analysis. (lgdalliance.org)
  • In cases of larger or recurrent effusions, doctors might place a chest tube to continuously drain the fluid over a longer period. (lgdalliance.org)
  • 8. Manuel Porcel J, Vives M, Esquerda A, Ruiz A. Usefulness of the British Thoracic Society and the American College of Chest Physicians guidelines in predicting pleural drainage of non-purulent parapneumonic effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • Pleural effusion occurs when fluid builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Decreased tactile fremitus and dullness on chest percussion may result from parapneumonic effusion or empyema. (medscape.com)
  • Common symptoms of pleural effusion include chest pain , cough , and shortness of breath . (wikidoc.org)
  • Pleural effusion is typically diagnosed on the basis of a family history and a physical exam, and it is confirmed by a chest X-ray . (wikidoc.org)
  • The pleural space plays an important role in respiration by coupling the movement of the chest wall with that of the lungs in two ways. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Anteroposterior upright chest radiograph shows a massive left-sided pleural effusion with contralateral mediastinal shift. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Left lateral decubitus chest radiograph shows fluid layering on the left side, which is not a loculated effusion. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Emergency physicians may rapidly perform ultrasonography of the chest to evaluate patients with suspected pleural effusion. (naqlafshk.com)
  • A spiral chest CT scan should be obtained for most patients with pleural effusion when the condition's etiology cannot be readily determined or when complicated pleural effusion (eg, empyema, malignancy) is suspected. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Pleural effusion involves fluid buildup located between the tissues lining the chest and lungs. (healthprep.com)
  • A pleural effusion is a fluid buildup between the tissue layers that line the lungs and chest cavity. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The 1 factor that's obligatory when your canine or cat is identified with pleural effusion is a process referred to as a thoracocentesis ie a chest faucet. (apklas.com)
  • Pleural effusion refers back to the irregular accumulation of fluid inside the chest cavity. (apklas.com)
  • Pleural effusion results either from increased pleural fluid formation or decreased exit of fluid. (wikidoc.org)
  • This study was conducted to determine the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of a rapid pleurodesis protocol by combining medical thoracoscopy with talc pleurodesis and simultaneous placement of a tunneled pleural catheter (TPC) in patients with symptomatic MPE. (nih.gov)
  • Relief of dyspnoea and improvement in quality of life can be achieved with either talc pleurodesis or insertion of an indwelling tunneled pleural catheter (IPC). (frontiersin.org)
  • This is often achieved with chemical pleurodesis using medical graded talc, or an indwelling tunneled pleural catheter (IPC). (frontiersin.org)
  • Various kinds of fluid can accumulate in the pleural space, such as serous fluid (hydrothorax), blood (hemothorax), pus (pyothorax, more commonly known as pleural empyema), chyle (chylothorax), or very rarely urine (urinothorax). (wikipedia.org)
  • By the origin of the fluid: Serous fluid (hydrothorax) Blood (haemothorax) Chyle (chylothorax) Pus (pyothorax or empyema) Urine (urinothorax) By pathophysiology: Transudative pleural effusion Exudative pleural effusion By the underlying cause (see next section). (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment focuses on removing fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space, relieving symptoms, and treating the underlying condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The first treatment of a pleural effusion involves draining it to help with the symptoms. (macmillan.org.uk)
  • Contact your provider if you have symptoms of pleural effusion. (mountsinai.org)
  • If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma and experience any of these uncomfortable symptoms, you may have a pleural effusion. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Any symptoms of pleural effusion warrant a visit to the doctor. (mesothelioma.net)
  • This article will examine the causes, symptoms, and treatment of Pleural effusion in dogs. (petcarerx.com)
  • The origins, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of pleural effusion in dogs will be discussed in this article. (petcarerx.com)
  • The symptoms of canine pleural effusion might vary based on the condition's severity and the underlying cause. (petcarerx.com)
  • Breathing problems: In dogs with pleural effusion, these are frequently the symptoms that stand out the most. (petcarerx.com)
  • In fact, depending on the respiratory reserve of the patient, even large amounts of fluid can accumulate within the pleural space before any symptoms are recognized. (radiopaedia.org)
  • This is typically associated with shortness of breath, also know as dyspnea , so we want to try to manage these recurrent pleural effusions to minimize pulmonary symptoms (although some lung cancer patients have several reasons for shortness of breath and cough and still have symptoms even with effective management of an effusion. (cancergrace.org)
  • What are the symptoms of pleural effusion? (yalemedicine.org)
  • The symptoms of pleural effusion can range from none to shortness of breath to coughing, among others. (yalemedicine.org)
  • A physician will usually diagnosis pleural effusion based on interviewing the patient about symptoms and a physical examination. (yalemedicine.org)
  • The underlying cause of pleural effusion will need to be treated before patients can experience full relief from their symptoms. (healthprep.com)
  • Patients who experience mild cases of pleural effusion may not have any symptoms. (healthprep.com)
  • Along with pleural effusion, patients will likely experience such symptoms as a rapid heartbeat , excessive sweating, and sharp pain throughout the body. (healthprep.com)
  • Your symptoms are consistent with pleural effusion but that doesn't mean that is what caused your coughing up blood. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The pleural space (cavity) in a healthy patient is a potential space sandwiched between the parietal and visceral pleurae. (medscape.com)
  • In between the two is a thin space known as the pleural cavity or pleural space . (wikidoc.org)
  • The pleural membrane also helps to keep the two lungs away from each other and air tight, thus if one lung is punctured and collapses due to an accident, the other pleural cavity will still be air tight, and the other lung will work normally. (wikidoc.org)
  • Pleural fluid is filtered across the parietal mesothelium in the top of the pleural cavity and removed by lymphatic stomatas in the more dependent mediastinal and diaphragmatic regions. (wikidoc.org)
  • Normally, fluid enters the pleural space from the capillaries in the parietal pleura , from interstitial spaces of the lung via the visceral pleura , or from the peritoneal cavity through small holes in the diaphragm . (wikidoc.org)
  • Pleural effusion is fluid buildup in the pleural cavity around the lungs. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Normal pleural cavity fluid serves to lubricate the lungs as they expand and collapse during breathing. (petcarerx.com)
  • Fluid can accumulate in the lungs and pleural cavity when the heart is not functioning properly. (petcarerx.com)
  • Lung disease: Infections, tumors, or other conditions that affect the lungs can lead to inflammation and fluid buildup in the pleural cavity. (petcarerx.com)
  • Infection: Inflammation and fluid collection in the pleural cavity can be caused by bacterial or fungal diseases. (petcarerx.com)
  • Blood clotting disorders: If the body's ability to clot blood properly is affected by disorders, it can lead to bleeding in the pleural cavity and subsequently fluid accumulation. (petcarerx.com)
  • Kidney or liver disease: These organs play an important role in regulating fluid balance in the body, so dysfunction or disease in these organs can lead to fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. (petcarerx.com)
  • Pleural effusion" is commonly used as a catch-all term to describe any abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Pleural effusion is a disease in which in the pleural cavity inflammatory processes occur. (vsebolezni.com)
  • This procedure is a specific diagnosis of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Treatment of exudative pleurisy, which is accompanied by tumor begins with removal of fluid from the pleural cavity. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Pleural effusion is an irregular accumulation of fluid within the pleural house which is the cavity between the lungs and the thoracic wall. (apklas.com)
  • In a person with parapneumonic pleural effusion, the fluid buildup is caused by pneumonia . (mountsinai.org)
  • Pneumonia, most commonly from bacteria, causes parapneumonic pleural effusion. (mountsinai.org)
  • This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of pleural fluid C-reactive protein (CRP) in differentiating between the etiologies of exudative pleural effusions, specifically focusing on tuberculous, malignant, and parapneumonic effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • The study participants were categorized into groups based on the etiology of their effusions as malignant, parapneumonic and tubercular effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • Tuberculous effusion was the most common etiology in our study, followed by malignant and parapneumonic effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • Total leukocyte counts were higher in parapneumonic effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • Pleural fluid CRP levels were notably higher in parapneumonic effusions compared to both tuberculous and malignant effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • Additionally, CRP demonstrated a significant role in distinguishing between parapneumonic and malignant effusions, as well as between tuberculous and malignant effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • What are the biochemical parameters of pleural fluid that best identify parapneumonic effusions? (jptcp.com)
  • Predictive factors, microbiology, and outcome of patients with parapneumonic effusion. (jptcp.com)
  • Co-morbid conditions like hypertension and diabetes did not correlate significantly with effusion etiology. (jptcp.com)
  • Among the top causes for the exudative type of pleural effusion is a pulmonary embolism , which is a blood clot that occurs within the lungs. (healthprep.com)
  • There are a variety of risk factors that can increase an individual's chance of suffering from a pulmonary embolism as well as pleural effusion. (healthprep.com)
  • citation needed] Conditions associated with transudative pleural effusions include: Congestive heart failure Liver cirrhosis Severe hypoalbuminemia Nephrotic syndrome Acute atelectasis Myxedema Peritoneal dialysis Meigs's syndrome Obstructive uropathy End-stage kidney disease When a pleural effusion has been determined to be exudative, additional evaluation is needed to determine its cause, and amylase, glucose, pH and cell counts should be measured. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common cause of pleural effusion is congestive heart failure . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The underlying cause of pleural effusion could be a serious illness like mesothelioma or congestive heart failure. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Congestive heart failure: Heart disease is a very common cause of pleural effusion in dogs. (petcarerx.com)
  • One of the most common reasons pleural effusion develops is due to congestive heart failure ," says Jonathan Puchalski, MD, a pulmonologist at Yale Medicine. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Another likely cause of pleural effusion is leaking from organs, which is a relatively standard symptom of severe conditions like kidney disease, liver disease, and congestive heart failure . (healthprep.com)
  • Among the more common causes of pleural effusion is tuberculosis, which is an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs but can spread to other areas of the body like the kidneys, spine, or brain. (healthprep.com)
  • A total of 442 pleural fluid effusion samples (PFES) from children with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of acute bacterial pneumonia, plus 38 control PFES from tuberculosis patients and 20 negative control serum samples from healthy children were evaluated by Dot-ELISA. (scielo.br)
  • Um total de 480 amostras de líquido pleural sendo 442 de crianças com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de pneumonia bacteriana e 38 de pacientes com tuberculose, mais 20 amostras de soros sanguíneos de crianças sadias foram avaliadas no Dot-ELISA. (scielo.br)
  • These links provide access to information and guidelines related to pneumonia and pleural effusions. (roberttayloronline.com)
  • The most common causes of transudative pleural effusion in the United States are heart failure and cirrhosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pulmonary emboli were once thought to cause transudative effusions, but have been recently shown to be exudative. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnostic value of tests that discriminate between exudative and transudative pleural effusions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transudative pleural effusion occurs when pressure on organs and their blood vessels causes them to leak fluid into the pleural space. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Given that most effusions are detected by x-ray, which generally cannot distinguish between fluid types, the fluid in question maybe simple (transudative) fluid, blood, pus, chylous fluid, etc. (radiopaedia.org)
  • If additional corroborative evidence is available, certain (mostly non-transudative) effusions are preferentially designated using more specific terminology. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Transudative effusions are caused by some combination of increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Transudative pleural effusion is caused by fluid leaking into the pleural space. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The normal pleural space contains approximately 10 mL of fluid, representing the balance between (1) hydrostatic and oncotic forces in the visceral and parietal pleural capillaries and (2) persistent sulcal lymphatic drainage. (medscape.com)
  • It occurs due to the increase in permeability of the microcirculation or alteration in the pleural space drainage to lymph nodes. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Yellow nail syndrome is a rare disorder causing chronic exudative pleural effusions, lymphedema, and dystrophic yellow nails-all thought to be the result of impaired lymphatic drainage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In more severe cases where other treatments are ineffective, surgical interventions like pleurectomy (removing the pleura) or pleuroperitoneal shunt (creating a drainage pathway from the pleural space to the abdomen) might be considered. (lgdalliance.org)
  • Peritoneal mesothelioma (cancer of the abdominal mesothelium) and pericardial mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium surrounding the heart) may also cause effusions in those areas. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Pleural effusion is much more common than pericardial or peritoneal effusion. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Prognosis for canines with pericardial effusion is variable relying on the trigger. (apklas.com)
  • Any age canine might be affected though one examine famous the median age of canines with idiopathic pericardial effusion was 7 years whereas in canines with nonidiopathic effusions the median age was 9 years. (apklas.com)
  • Pericardial effusion is a life-threatening situation in canines from a buildup of blood pus or one other bodily fluid within the pericardial sac. (apklas.com)
  • 4 This identical examine discovered the next prevalence of pericardial effusions in male canines. (apklas.com)
  • A pleural effusion can also be compounded by a pneumothorax (accumulation of air in the pleural space), leading to a hydropneumothorax. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is no anatomical connection between the left and the right pleural cavities so in cases of pneumothorax , the other hemithorax will still be able to function normally. (wikidoc.org)
  • The method of treatment is selected taking into account the type of pleural effusion and severity of the disease. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Nephrotic syndrome, leading to the loss of large amounts of albumin in urine and resultant low albumin levels in the blood and reduced colloid osmotic pressure, is another less common cause of pleural effusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of course, much of this is tied into the cause of pleural effusion . (healthprep.com)
  • There are many causes of pleural effusion that are broadly split into transudates and exudates . (radiopaedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] It is the most common manifestation of pleural disease, and its etiologies range in spectrum from cardiopulmonary disorders and/or systemic inflammatory conditions to malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • Symptomatic effusions or suspicion of other causes of exudate (infection, malignancy) require thoracocentesis. (nih.gov)
  • The "rheumatoid" nature of the pleural exudate in patients without arthritis mandates a pleural biopsy to exclude tuberculosis or malignancy. (nih.gov)
  • Malignancy, cancers like mesothelioma, can also cause malignant pleural effusions. (mesothelioma.net)
  • All patients received a definitive pleural intervention with 77.8% pleurodesis success at 6-months and majority of them discharged on the same day. (frontiersin.org)
  • At a 3 month analysis, repeat aspirations are cheaper than tunnelled pleural catheters, followed by bedside pleurodesis and thoracoscopic pleurodesis. (cancer.org.au)
  • At 12 months, bedside pleurodesis is cheaper than tunnelled pleural catheter followed by thoracoscopic pleurodesis and repeated aspirations. (cancer.org.au)
  • A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the lymphatic system is compromised or not functioning properly, it can lead to fluid accumulation in various parts of the body, including the pleural space around the lungs. (lgdalliance.org)
  • The standard treatment for mesothelioma and lung cancer can also cause effusion. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as lung cancer or lymphoma , can result in pleural effusion as a symptom of the disease. (petcarerx.com)
  • Interventional pulmonologist Dr. Jed Gorden reviews malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) are a common complication of lung cancer and some other cancers. (cancergrace.org)
  • Pleural effusions related to lung cancer are quite common, so it's time that I discussed this issue. (cancergrace.org)
  • It's possible for pleural effusion to occur due to lung cancer. (healthprep.com)
  • Thoracentesis is a common procedure where a needle is inserted into the pleural space to remove excess fluid. (lgdalliance.org)
  • Weerakkody Y, Luong D, Bilateral pleural effusion. (radiopaedia.org)
  • 2. Ferreiro L, San José E, Antelo JS, Valdés L. Bilateral Pleural Effusion: A Proposed Diagnostic Decision Algorithm. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Procainamide-induced lupus in a patient with bilateral pleural effusion]. (pneumotox.com)
  • Males are more commonly affected with tuberculous pleural effusion than females. (abnewswire.com)
  • Profile of Patients With Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Qatar: A Retrospective Study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the influx of a large expatriate population mainly from the high TB burden countries, there is an increased number of pulmonary TB as well as tuberculous pleural effusion cases reported in Qatar . (bvsalud.org)
  • Objectives The demographic, clinical, laboratory , and histopathological parameters of patients with tuberculous pleural effusion were assessed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adults diagnosed to have tuberculous pleural effusion were included, and those with clinical suspicion of tuberculous pleural effusion with positive sputum acid -fast bacillus (AFB) but negative AFB in pleural samples were excluded. (bvsalud.org)
  • Secondly, eosinophilic pleural effusion is also unusual in gnathosthosmiasis. (cdc.gov)
  • Use of pleural fluid C-reactive protein in diagnosis of pleural effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • 10. Porcel JM, Vives M, Cao G, Bielsa S, Ruiz-González A, Martínez-Iribarren A, Esquerda A. Biomarkers of infection for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • 12. Castaño Vidriales JL, Amores Antequera C. Use of pleural fluid C-reactive protein in laboratory diagnosis of pleural effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • Positive AFB by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) was observed in pleural biopsy (57%), pleural fluid (3%), and sputum (2.2%), whereas AFB smear was positive in 2% of pleural biopsy samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • The AFB yield on pleural biopsy , PCR , and culture was significantly higher than that on all other samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • 6. Tarn AC, Lapworth R. BTS guidelines for investigation of unilateral pleural effusion in adults. (jptcp.com)
  • For large pleural effusions, or for those with an unknown cause, the fluid will need to be drained through a procedure called thoracentesis. (yalemedicine.org)
  • These findings suggest that pleural fluid CRP can serve as a valuable diagnostic marker in the etiological differentiation of exudative pleural effusions, aiding clinicians in prompt and accurate decision-making for patient care. (jptcp.com)
  • Usefulness of pleural fluid CRP level in differential diagnosis of Exudative Pleural Effusions - A Pilot Study. (jptcp.com)
  • Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis are often required to determine cause. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some patients may require a pleural drain that is inserted through the skin so that the buildup of fluid can be drained repeatedly without the need for repeated thoracentesis. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.6 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5-15 millilitres of fluid, which helps to maintain a functional vacuum between the parietal and visceral pleurae. (wikipedia.org)
  • A pleural effusion is collection of fluid abnormally present in the pleural space, usually resulting from excess fluid production and/or decreased lymphatic absorption. (medscape.com)
  • [2] The parietal pleura have lymphatic stomata , of 2 to 10 µm in diameter that open onto the pleural space . (wikidoc.org)
  • The visceral pleura are devoid of lacunas and stomas and the underlying lymphatic vessels appear to drain the pulmonary parenchyma rather than the pleural space . (wikidoc.org)
  • When this capacity is overwhelmed, either through excess formation or decreased lymphatic absorption, a pleural effusion develops. (wikidoc.org)
  • Patients with complex lymphatic anomalies (CLAs) can sometimes experience pleural effusion. (lgdalliance.org)
  • However, it's important to note that not all patients with complex lymphatic anomalies will develop pleural effusion. (lgdalliance.org)
  • The occurrence of pleural effusion can vary depending on the specific nature and severity of the lymphatic anomaly. (lgdalliance.org)
  • Treating the complex lymphatic anomalies themselves may help reduce the occurrence of pleural effusion. (lgdalliance.org)
  • It's important to note that the approach to treating pleural effusion in patients with complex lymphatic anomalies should be personalized. (lgdalliance.org)
  • If you or someone you know is facing this situation, consulting with medical professionals who are familiar with both complex lymphatic anomalies and pleural effusion is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment plan. (lgdalliance.org)
  • To describe the clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid pleural effusion (RPE) and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this condition. (nih.gov)
  • Diagnosis of pleural effusion should lead to more diagnostic tests to find the cause. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Diagnostic value of procalcitonin and CRP in differentiation between some benign and malignant pleural effusions. (jptcp.com)
  • After all the procedures the doctor will conduct diagnostic puncture in the pleural cavities. (vsebolezni.com)
  • The present study investigated whether KL-6 can serve as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker in PM. Materials and methods: Using a fully-automated chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for KL-6 and SMRP, pleural effusion samples from 87 consecutive patients with PM and 25 patients. (lu.se)
  • The excessive interstitial lung fluid traverses the visceral pleura and accumulates in the pleural space. (wikipedia.org)
  • The net result of effusion formation is a flattening or inversion of the diaphragm, a mechanical dissociation of the visceral and parietal pleura, and an eventual restrictive ventilatory defect as measured by pulmonary function testing. (medscape.com)
  • A pleural effusion is a build-up of fluid between the 2 layers of the pleura (linings that cover the lungs). (macmillan.org.uk)
  • An effusion can develop if cancer cells have spread into the pleura. (macmillan.org.uk)
  • The pleural fluid lubricates the [[pleura]l surfaces and allows the layers of pleura to slide against each other easily during respiration . (wikidoc.org)
  • The parietal pleura has been proposed as the more important pleura for pleural liquid turnover in the normal physiologic state in absence of disease. (wikidoc.org)
  • [2] Its microvessels are closer to the pleural surface and perfusion pressure is likely higher than the visceral pleura . (wikidoc.org)
  • Intuitive thoracoscopy revealed localized pleural adhesion and a diffuse, cellulose-like pleura ( a , b ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This involves introducing a chemical irritant into the pleural space to induce inflammation and "stick" the layers of the pleura together. (lgdalliance.org)
  • The tissues surrounding the lungs are known as pleura and are designed to regulate breathing, which is why pleural effusion can lead to numerous complications. (healthprep.com)
  • Your body produces pleural fluid that surrounds the pleura. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The right and left pleural cavities are separated in healthy people by the anterior and posterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
  • Physiologically, the pleural cavities normally contain approximately 15 mL of serous pleural fluid 6 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The right and left pleural spaces are separated by the mediastinum. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Second, a diminutive volume of pleural fluid (calculated at 0.13 mL/kg of body weight under normal situations) serves as the lubricant to facilitate the normal physiologic sliding motion of both pleural surfaces against each other during inspiration and expiration. (medscape.com)
  • Second, the small volume of pleural fluid, which has been calculated at 0.13 mL/kg of body weight under normal circumstances, serves as a lubricant to facilitate movement of the pleural surfaces against each other in the course of respirations. (naqlafshk.com)
  • On admission, the patient's temperature was 38°C. Physical examination of the patient, including the testes, was normal except for a systolic heart murmur (preexisting and known to the patient), and clinical signs of left pleural effusion. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical question:What is the optimal management of malignant pleural effusions? (cancer.org.au)
  • After the initial stabilization of the patient, clinical suspicion for pleural effusion should be confirmed with appropriate radiographic evaluation. (naqlafshk.com)
  • The aim of the current report is to explain a case of pleural mesothelioma in a canine which has not a contact with asbestos great amount of pestisides and cigarette smoke. (apklas.com)
  • Bhatnagar R, Maskell N. The modern diagnosis and management of pleural effusions. (gpnotebook.com)
  • Laboratory evaluation of patients with a pleural effusion is directed at first determining if the effusion is an exudate or a transudate. (naqlafshk.com)
  • The distinction between transudate and exudate is generally made by measurement of serum and pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and protein concentrations. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Both of these procedures remove the extra fluid from the pleural space, allow the lungs to expand and grow, relieve pressure on the heart and its major vessels, and prevent or treat hydrops. (mottchildren.org)
  • Chylous effusion (chylothorax) is a milky white effusion high in triglycerides caused by traumatic or neoplastic (most often lymphomatous) damage to the thoracic duct. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For the diagnosis of neoplastic pleural effusion is best to consult an oncologist. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Lymphosarcoma pulmonary carcinoma metastatic carcinomas and hemangiosarcomas have all been reported to trigger neoplastic effusions. (apklas.com)
  • When unspecified, the term "pleural effusion" normally refers to hydrothorax. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism for the exudative pleural effusion in pulmonary thromboembolism is probably related to increased permeability of the capillaries in the lung, which results from the release of cytokines or inflammatory mediators (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor) from the platelet-rich blood clots. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fluid enters the pleural space from systemic capillaries in the parietal pleurae and exits via parietal pleural stomas and lymphatics. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This approach can be effective in managing persistent effusions and preventing their recurrence. (lgdalliance.org)
  • There was no significant difference in effusion-progression-free survival (p=0.31), and no difference in time to pleural fluid recurrence (p=0.59). (cancer.org.au)
  • He explains that the risk of recurrence is based mostly on the cause of the pleural effusion in the first place. (yalemedicine.org)
  • A total of 205 mechanically ventilated patients who exhibited lung atelectasis and/or pleural effusion were included in this 36-month study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lung echography revealed lung atelectasis and/or pleural effusion adjacent to the heart, and a similar M-mode pattern was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lung atelectasis and/or pleural effusion may create a mirror image, intracardiac artifact in mechanically ventilated patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lung echography, routinely performed in these patients, revealed areas of atelectasis and or/pleural effusion adjacent to the heart. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CT was performed and revealed a huge pleural effusion with total compression atelectasis of the left lung. (pocus-cases.com)
  • [1] Pleural effusion is a common symptom and complication of pleural mesothelioma and is uncomfortable or even painful. (mesothelioma.net)
  • Mesothelioma is a rare cancer , but pleural effusion is a common complication. (mesothelioma.net)