Detection of enzootic babesiosis in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and phylogenetic evidence supporting synonymy of the genera Entopolypoides and Babesia. (1/8)

Blood smear evaluation of two baboons (Papio cynocephalus) experiencing acute hemolytic crises following experimental stem cell transplantation revealed numerous intraerythrocytic organisms typical of the genus Babesia. Both animals had received whole-blood transfusions from two baboon donors, one of which was subsequently found to display rare trophozoites of Entopolypoides macaci. An investigation was then undertaken to determine the prevalence of hematozoa in baboons held in our primate colony and to determine the relationship, if any, between the involved species. Analysis of thick and thin blood films from 65 healthy baboons (23 originating from our breeding facility, 26 originating from an out-of-state breeding facility, and 16 imported from Africa) for hematozoa revealed rare E. macaci parasites in 31%, with respective prevalences of 39, 35, and 12%. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene sequences amplified from peripheral blood of a baboon chronically infected with E. macaci demonstrated this parasite to be most closely related to Babesia microti (97.9% sequence similarity); sera from infected animals did not react in indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with Babesia microti antigen, however, suggesting that they represent different species. These results support an emerging view that the genus Entopolypoides Mayer 1933 is synonymous with that of the genus Babesia Starcovici 1893 and that the morphological variation noted among intracellular forms is a function of alteration in host immune status. The presence of an underrecognized, but highly enzootic, Babesia sp. in baboons may result in substantial, unanticipated impact on research programs. The similarity of this parasite to the known human pathogen B. microti may also pose risks to humans undergoing xenotransplantation, mandating effective screening of donor animals.  (+info)

Genetic variability of archived Cytauxzoon felis histologic specimens from domestic cats in Georgia, 1995-2007. (2/8)

Cytauxzoon felis infection in domestic cats has historically been nearly 100% fatal. However, increasing reports of domestic cats that survive cytauxzoonosis and reports of asymptomatic cats with C. felis infections suggest the existence of different parasite strains that vary in pathogenicity. The objective of the current study was to obtain epidemiologic information about cytauxzoonosis through genotypic characterization of archived histologic specimens from domestic cats with C. felis infections that were diagnosed in Georgia between 1995 and 2007. Such retrospective data on genetic variability will provide an historic context for current studies of C. felis genotype frequencies. Cytauxzoon felis DNA was obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from infected cats diagnosed with cytauxzoonosis at necropsy. Genetic characterization of C. felis was performed using sequence analysis of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2). Eleven different combined ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were identified, the majority of which were identical to those previously reported in fatally infected cats from Georgia. The findings of the current study document the existence of genetically distinct C. felis populations in historical samples and, together with data from contemporary samples, demonstrate a diverse population structure for C. felis.  (+info)

An in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study of cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats. (3/8)

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Pulmonary histopathology of Cytauxzoon felis infections in the cat. (4/8)

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EuPathDB: the eukaryotic pathogen database. (5/8)

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Increased cytokine and nitric oxide levels in serum of dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii. (6/8)

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Pharmacogenomics of Cytauxzoon felis cytochrome b: implications for atovaquone and azithromycin therapy in domestic cats with cytauxzoonosis. (7/8)

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A novel candidate vaccine for cytauxzoonosis inferred from comparative apicomplexan genomics. (8/8)

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