Peptide Biosynthesis, Nucleic Acid-Independent
Peptide Biosynthesis
The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.
Peptide Synthases
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Peptide Fragments
Peptide Library
Amino Acid Sequence
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.
How do peptide synthetases generate structural diversity? (1/1206)
Many low-molecular-weight peptides of microbial origin are synthesized nonribosomally on large multifunctional proteins, termed peptide synthetases. These enzymes contain repeated building blocks in which several defined domains catalyze specific reactions of peptide synthesis. The order of these domains within the enzyme determines the sequence and structure of the peptide product. (+info)Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages SP82, SPO1, and phie: a comparison of DNAs and of peptides synthesized during infection. (2/1206)
The genomes of Bacillus subtilis phages phie, SPO1, and SP82 were compared by DNA-DNA hybridization, analysis of DNA fragments produced by digestion with restriction endonucleases, comparison of the arrays of peptides synthesized during infection, and phage neutralization. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated that about 78% of the SP82 DNA was homologous with SPO1 DNA, whereas 40% of the phie DNA was homologous to either SPO1 or SP82 DNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to compare the molecular weights of DNA fragments produced by cleavage of SP82, SPO1, and phie DNAs with the restriction endonucleases Hae III, Sal I, Hpa II, and Hha I. Digestion of the DNAs with Hae III and Sal I produced only a few fragments, whereas digestion with Hpa II and Hha I yielded 29 to 40 fragments, depending on the DNA and the enzyme. Comparing the Hpa II fragments, 51% of the SP82 fragments had mobilities which matched those of SPO1 fragments, 32% of the SP82 fragments matched the phie fragments, and 34% of the SPO1 fragments matched the phie fragments. Comparing the Hha I digestion products, 62% of the SP82 fragments had mobilities matching the SPO1 fragments, 24% of the SP82 fragments matched the phie fragments, and 22% of the SPO1 fragments matched the phie fragments. Analysis of peptides by electrophoresis on one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gels showed that approximately 70 phage-specific peptides were synthesized in the first 24 min of each infection. With mobility and the intervals of synthesis as criteria, 66% of the different SP82 peptides matched the SPO1 peptides, 34% of the SP82 peptides matched the phie peptides, and 37% of the SPO1 peptides matched the phie peptides. Phage neutralization assays using antiserum to SP82 yielded K values of 510 for SP82, 240 for SPO1, and 120 for phie. (+info)Evidence for an adenovirus type 2-coded early glycoprotein. (3/1206)
We have identified an adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)-induced early glycopolypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 20,000 to 21,000 (20/21K), as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 20/21K polypeptide could be labeled in vivo with [(3)H]glucosamine. [(35)S]methionine- and [(3)H]-glucosamine-labeled 20/21K polypeptides bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose columns and were eluted with 0.2 M methyl-alpha-d-mannoside. The pulse-labeled polypeptide appeared as a sharp band with an apparent molecular weight of 21K, but after a chase it converted to multiple bands with an average molecular weight of 20K. This variability in electrophoretic mobility is consistent with glycosylation or deglycosylation of the 20/21K polypeptide. Analysis of the pulse and pulse-chase-labeled forms by using partial proteolysis indicated that the polypeptides were highly related chemically, but not identical. Most of the 20/21K polypeptide is localized in the cytoplasm fraction of infected cells lysed by Nonidet P-40. The 20/21K polypeptide and a 44K polypeptide, labeled with [(35)S]methionine or [(3)H]glucosamine in Ad2-infected human cells, were precipitated by a rat antiserum against an Ad2-transformed rat cell line (T2C4), but not by antisera against three other Ad2-transformed rat cell lines, or by serum from nonimmune rats. The partial proteolysis patterns of the 20/21K and the 44K polypeptides were indistinguishable, indicating that the two polypeptides are highly related, and suggesting that the 44K polypeptide might be a dimer of the 20/21K polypeptide. The 20/21K polypeptide was also induced in Ad2-early infected monkey and hamster cells. These results imply that the 20/21K polypeptide is synthesized in Ad2-infected human, monkey, and hamster cells, and in one but not all Ad2-transformed rat cells. Thus, the 20/21K polypeptide is probably viral coded rather than cell coded and viral induced. (+info)Events following the infections of enucleate cells with measles virus. (4/1206)
The development of measles virus (Edmonston) and SSPE measles virus (Horta-Barbosa) has been examined in enucleate BSC 1 cells. New antigen synthesis in measles virus infected enucleate cells has been demonstrated by fluorescent antibody, by the formation of extensive syncytia from enucleate cells alone and by analysis of polypeptide formation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All polypeptides formed in nucleate cells were also present in enucleate cells but the amount synthesized was reduced to around 20% of that in nucleate cells. There was also a significant reduction in the amount of antigen detected by fluorescent antibody in enucleate as compared to nucleate preparations. Examination of RNA synthesis in infected enucleate cells revealed only a marginal increase in acid-insoluble material. Titration of the output of infectious virus from enucleate cells infected at both 37 and 31 degrees C indicated a consistent reduction of almost two log units compared to nucleate cells. That the enucleate cells were capable of replicating input genome at these times was demonstrated by the successful growth of respiratory syncytial virus, both at 37 and 31 degrees C. SSPE measles virus grew to higher yield in nucleate BSC 1 than measles virus but there was again a reduction of more than two log units in enucleate cells. All polypeptides synthesized in SSPE infected nucleate cells were apparent in enucleate cells. (+info)On the regulation of protein synthesis in vaccinia virus infected cells. (5/1206)
All eukaryotic mRNA species show a characteristic individual translational efficiency under conditions of restricted polypeptide chain initiation caused by an increase in the osmolarity of the growth medium. In vaccinia virus infected L cells or HeLa cells virus mRNAs can be grouped into classes on the basis of their relative labelling under standard and hypertonic conditions. Under the latter conditions, most of the "early" mRNAs possess very high translational efficiencies, most of the "intermediate" mRNAs show an intermediate efficiency and the most prominent "late" mRNAs show a translational efficiency which is lower than that of other virus mRNAs but still higher than the average cellular mRNA. Late in the infection cycle virus mRNAs with a relative low translational efficiency are preferentially translated under standard growth conditions whereas "early" virus mRNAs which are still present and which show a higher translational resistance to hypertonic conditions are not translated. These results indicate a unique translational control operating late in the growth cycle of vaccinia virus. (+info)Inhibition of vaccinia virus growth by the nucleoside analogue 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (virazole, ribavirin). (6/1206)
Virazole or Ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) inhibits the growth of vaccinia virus at a concentration ode to a certain extent in the presence of Virazole, the DNA fails to acquire resistance to deoxyribonuclease and virus particles are not formed. Reversibility of the antiviral effect occurs when the drug is washed out from the infected cultures or when guanosine at an equimolar concentration is added. (+info)Conformational restraints revealing bioactive beta-bend structures for halpha CGRP8-37 at the CGRP2 receptor of the rat prostatic vas deferens. (7/1206)
1. The main aim of this study was to identify putative beta-bends and the role of the N- and C-terminus in the CGRP receptor antagonist halpha CGRP8-37, which was measured against halpha CGRP inhibition of twitch responses in the rat prostatic vas deferens. 2. With a bend-biasing residue (proline) at position 16 in halpha CGRP8-37 (10(-5) M) an inactive compound was produced, while alanine at the same position retained antagonist activity (apparent pKB 5.6+/-0.1 at 10(-5) M). Proline at position 19 within halpha CGRP8-37 (10(-5) M) was an antagonist (apparent pKB 5.8+/-0.1). 3. Incorporation of a bend-forcing structure (beta-turn dipeptide or BTD) at either positions 19,20 or 33,34 in halpha CGRP8-37 (10(-5) M) antagonized halpha CGRP responses (apparent pKB 6.0+/-0.1 and 6.1+/-0.1, respectively). Replacement by BTD at both positions 19,20 and 33,34 within halpha CGRP8-37 competitively antagonized responses to halpha CGRP (pA2 6.2; Schild plot slope 1.0+/-0.1). 4. Halpha CGRP8-37 analogues (10(-5) M), substituted at the N-terminus by either glycine8, or des-NH2 valine8 or proline8 were all antagonists against halpha CGRP (apparent pKB 6.1+/-0.1, 6.5+/-0.1 and 6.1+/-0.1, respectively), while halpha CGRP8-37 (10(-5) M) substituted in three places by proline8 and glutamic acid10,14 was inactive. 5. Replacement of the C-terminus by alanine amide37 in halpha CGRP8-37 (10(-5) M) failed to antagonize halpha CGRP responses. 6. Peptidase inhibitors did not alter either the agonist potency of halpha CGRP or the antagonist affinities of halpha CGRP8-37 BTD19,20 and 33,34 and halpha CGRP8-37 Gly8 (against halpha CGRP responses). 7. In conclusion, two beta-bends at positions 18-21 and 32-35 are compatible with high affinity by BTD and is the first approach of modelling the bioactive structure of halpha CGRP8-37. Further, the N-terminus of halpha CGRP8-37 is not essential for antagonism, while the C-terminus interacts directly with CGRP receptor binding sites of the rat vas deferens. (+info)Aminoacyl-CoAs as probes of condensation domain selectivity in nonribosomal peptide synthesis. (8/1206)
In nonribosomal biosynthesis of peptide antibiotics by multimodular synthetases, amino acid monomers are activated by the adenylation domains of the synthetase and loaded onto the adjacent carrier protein domains as thioesters, then the formation of peptide bonds and translocation of the growing chain are effected by the synthetase's condensation domains. Whether the condensation domains have any editing function has been unknown. Synthesis of aminoacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) molecules and direct enzymatic transfer of aminoacyl-phosphopantetheine to the carrier domains allow the adenylation domain editing function to be bypassed. This method was used to demonstrate that the first condensation domain of tyrocidine synthetase shows low selectivity at the donor residue (D-phenylalanine) and higher selectivity at the acceptor residue (L-proline) in the formation of the chain-initiating D-Phe-L-Pro dipeptidyl-enzyme intermediate. (+info)'Peptide biosynthesis, nucleic acid-independent' refers to the process of generating peptides through non-ribosomal methods, where enzyme complexes called peptide synthetases catalyze the formation and modification of peptide bonds, independently of messenger RNA templates.
Nucleic acid-independent peptide biosynthesis refers to the process of producing peptides without the involvement of nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA. This is in contrast to the more common and well-known nucleic acid-dependent pathway, where genetic information encoded in DNA or RNA is transcribed and translated into a specific protein sequence.
In nucleic acid-independent peptide biosynthesis, peptides are generated through non-ribosomal mechanisms that involve large enzyme complexes called non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). These enzymes directly assemble and modify amino acids into peptide bonds, creating a wide variety of structurally diverse peptides. This pathway is often observed in the biosynthesis of complex natural products, such as antibiotics, toxins, and siderophores, produced by various microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
The NRPS-mediated process allows for the incorporation of non-proteinogenic amino acids and other building blocks into the peptide structure, expanding the chemical diversity beyond what can be achieved through ribosomal protein synthesis alone. This unique feature makes nucleic acid-independent peptide biosynthesis an essential area of study in natural product discovery, drug development, and synthetic biology.
Peptide biosynthesis is the process of creating peptides, short chains of amino acids, through the action of ribosomes and other enzymes, following the genetic code specified in messenger RNA (mRNA).
Peptide biosynthesis is the process by which cells synthesize peptides, short chains of amino acids. This process is mediated by enzymes called peptide synthetases, which catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between individual amino acids to create a longer chain. Peptide biosynthesis typically occurs through one of two pathways: ribosomal or non-ribosomal.
Ribosomal peptide biosynthesis involves the use of the cell's translational machinery, including the ribosome and transfer RNAs (tRNAs), to synthesize peptides from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template. This process is highly regulated and typically results in the production of small, linear peptides that are further modified by enzymes to create bioactive molecules such as hormones or neurotransmitters.
Non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (NRPS), on the other hand, is a more complex process that involves large multifunctional enzyme complexes called non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). These enzymes are capable of synthesizing a wide variety of structurally diverse peptides, including cyclic and branched peptides, as well as those containing non-proteinogenic amino acids. NRPSs typically consist of multiple modules, each responsible for adding a single amino acid to the growing peptide chain. The modular nature of NRPS systems allows for great diversity in the types of peptides that can be synthesized, making them important sources of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic applications.
Peptide synthases are large, complex enzymes that catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between specific amino acids in a template-dependent manner during the biosynthesis of ribosomal and nonribosomal peptides.
Peptide synthases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between specific amino acids to produce peptides or proteins. They are responsible for the biosynthesis of many natural products, including antibiotics, bacterial toxins, and immunomodulatory peptides.
Peptide synthases are large, complex enzymes that consist of multiple domains and modules, each of which is responsible for activating and condensing specific amino acids. The activation of amino acids involves the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate, followed by transfer of the activated amino acid to a thiol group on the enzyme. The condensation of two activated amino acids results in the formation of a peptide bond and release of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate.
Peptide synthases are found in all three domains of life, but are most commonly associated with bacteria and fungi. They play important roles in the biosynthesis of many natural products that have therapeutic potential, making them targets for drug discovery and development.
Peptides are short-chain amino acid sequences, typically composed of less than 50 residues, that are synthesized naturally within living organisms and play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and hormonal regulation.
Peptides are short chains of amino acid residues linked by covalent bonds, known as peptide bonds. They are formed when two or more amino acids are joined together through a condensation reaction, which results in the elimination of a water molecule and the formation of an amide bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
Peptides can vary in length from two to about fifty amino acids, and they are often classified based on their size. For example, dipeptides contain two amino acids, tripeptides contain three, and so on. Oligopeptides typically contain up to ten amino acids, while polypeptides can contain dozens or even hundreds of amino acids.
Peptides play many important roles in the body, including serving as hormones, neurotransmitters, enzymes, and antibiotics. They are also used in medical research and therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Peptide fragments are short chain of amino acids that result from the breakdown or cleavage of larger peptides or proteins, which can be used in various diagnostic tests and research applications to identify the original protein or study its structure and function.
A peptide fragment is a short chain of amino acids that is derived from a larger peptide or protein through various biological or chemical processes. These fragments can result from the natural breakdown of proteins in the body during regular physiological processes, such as digestion, or they can be produced experimentally in a laboratory setting for research or therapeutic purposes.
Peptide fragments are often used in research to map the structure and function of larger peptides and proteins, as well as to study their interactions with other molecules. In some cases, peptide fragments may also have biological activity of their own and can be developed into drugs or diagnostic tools. For example, certain peptide fragments derived from hormones or neurotransmitters may bind to receptors in the body and mimic or block the effects of the full-length molecule.
A Peptide Library is a collection of peptides with varying sequences, typically synthesized and arrayed to provide a structured means for identifying potential ligands or inhibitors to specific targets, such as proteins or enzymes, within drug discovery research.
A peptide library is a collection of a large number of peptides, which are short chains of amino acids. Each peptide in the library is typically composed of a defined length and sequence, and may contain a variety of different amino acids. Peptide libraries can be synthesized using automated techniques and are often used in scientific research to identify potential ligands (molecules that bind to specific targets) or to study the interactions between peptides and other molecules.
In a peptide library, each peptide is usually attached to a solid support, such as a resin bead, and the entire library can be created using split-and-pool synthesis techniques. This allows for the rapid and efficient synthesis of a large number of unique peptides, which can then be screened for specific activities or properties.
Peptide libraries are used in various fields such as drug discovery, proteomics, and molecular biology to identify potential therapeutic targets, understand protein-protein interactions, and develop new diagnostic tools.
"An amino acid sequence is the specific linear arrangement of amino acids along a polypeptide chain, determined by the genetic code of an organism, that contributes to the unique three-dimensional structure and functional properties of proteins."
An amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids in a protein or peptide molecule, formed by the linking of the amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid to the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid through a peptide bond. The sequence is determined by the genetic code and is unique to each type of protein or peptide. It plays a crucial role in determining the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins.
'Molecular sequence data' refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, such as nucleotides in DNA or amino acids in proteins, that are represented in a linear fashion and used to identify, compare, and analyze biological characteristics or relationships among organisms at the molecular level.
Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides are small molecules with a positive charge (cationic) that have the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, by disrupting their cell membranes.
Antimicrobial cationic peptides (ACPs) are a group of small, naturally occurring peptides that possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. They are called "cationic" because they contain positively charged amino acid residues (such as lysine and arginine), which allow them to interact with and disrupt the negatively charged membranes of microbial cells.
ACPs are produced by a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants, as part of their innate immune response to infection. They play an important role in protecting the host from invading pathogens by directly killing them or inhibiting their growth.
The antimicrobial activity of ACPs is thought to be mediated by their ability to disrupt the membranes of microbial cells, leading to leakage of cellular contents and death. Some ACPs may also have intracellular targets, such as DNA or protein synthesis, that contribute to their antimicrobial activity.
ACPs are being studied for their potential use as therapeutic agents to treat infectious diseases, particularly those caused by drug-resistant bacteria. However, their clinical application is still in the early stages of development due to concerns about their potential toxicity to host cells and the emergence of resistance mechanisms in microbial pathogens.
Cyclic peptides are a type of peptide molecules characterized by the formation of a circular or cyclic structure due to an amide bond between the N-terminus and C-terminus or side chain functional groups, which can have various biological activities and occur naturally or be synthetically produced.
Cyclic peptides are a type of peptides in which the N-terminus and C-terminus of the peptide chain are linked to form a circular structure. This is in contrast to linear peptides, which have a straight peptide backbone with a free N-terminus and C-terminus. The cyclization of peptides can occur through various mechanisms, including the formation of an amide bond between the N-terminal amino group and the C-terminal carboxylic acid group (head-to-tail cyclization), or through the formation of a bond between side chain functional groups.
Cyclic peptides have unique structural and chemical properties that make them valuable in medical and therapeutic applications. For example, they are more resistant to degradation by enzymes compared to linear peptides, which can increase their stability and half-life in the body. Additionally, the cyclic structure allows for greater conformational rigidity, which can enhance their binding affinity and specificity to target molecules.
Cyclic peptides have been explored as potential therapeutics for a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. They have also been used as tools in basic research to study protein-protein interactions and cell signaling pathways.
Corticotropin-like intermediate peptide
Lloyd D. Fricker (24 July 1991). Peptide biosynthesis and processing. CRC Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-8493-8852-1. Retrieved 25 ... Corticotropin-Like+Intermediate+Lobe+Peptide at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Genes on ... Chastrette N, Cespuglio R, Lin YL, Jouvet M (February 1990). "Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides and sleep in the rat ... Marshall JB, Kapcala LP, Manning LD, McCullough AJ (November 1984). "Effect of corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide on ...
Peptide bond
Nonribosomal Peptide and Polyketide Biosynthesis. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1401. pp. 3-29. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939- ... forms a peptide bond). A peptide bond can be broken by hydrolysis (the addition of water). The hydrolysis of peptide bonds in ... Peptides and proteins are chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds (and sometimes by a few isopeptide bonds). ... However, not all peptide groups have the same effect on folding; nonnative isomers of other peptide groups may not affect ...
Complex lasso proteins
Maksimov, Mikhail O.; Pan, Si Jia; James Link, A. (2012). "Lasso peptides: structure, function, biosynthesis, and engineering ... In particular, in case of lasso peptides, the motif allows to act like a plug for specific NTP-uptake channels. On the other ... Subclass of complex lasso proteins are Lasso peptides in which the loop is formed by post-translational amide bridge. Complex ... Most of the complex lasso proteins have a disulfide-based loop, however, the amide-based (lasso peptides) and ester-based ...
Vitamin C
Eipper BA, Stoffers DA, Mains RE (1992). "The biosynthesis of neuropeptides: peptide alpha-amidation". Annual Review of ... The biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in vertebrates starts with the formation of UDP-glucuronic acid. UDP-glucuronic acid is ... During biosynthesis, ascorbate acts as a reducing agent, donating electrons and preventing oxidation to keep iron and copper ... This increases peptide hormone stability and activity. From the U.S. National Institutes of Health: [In humans] "Approximately ...
Condensation domain
This domain catalyses a condensation reaction to form peptide bonds in non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. It is usually found ... Stachelhaus T, Mootz HD, Bergendahl V, Marahiel MA (August 1998). "Peptide bond formation in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis ... In molecular biology, the condensation domain is a protein domain found in many multi-domain enzymes which synthesise peptide ...
Met-enkephalin
Costa E, Mocchetti I, Supattapone S, Snyder SH (July 1987). "Opioid peptide biosynthesis: enzymatic selectivity and regulatory ... Vats ID, Chaudhary S, Karar J, Nath M, Pasha Q, Pasha S (October 2009). "Endogenous peptide: Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, ... endogenous opioid peptide that has opioid effects of a relatively short duration. It is one of the two forms of enkephalin, the ... its cleavage generates four copies of met-enkephalin peptides at once. In addition, anabolism of proenkephalin A results in the ...
Tyrocidine
Kopp F, Marahiel MA (August 2007). "Macrocyclization strategies in polyketide and nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis". Nat Prod ... Its biosynthesis is via an enzymatic assembly consisting of 3 peptide synthetase proteins, TycA, TycB, and TycC, which contain ... Use of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) allowed the incorporation of a diverse array of monomers into the peptide chain. ... Elongation of the peptide chain is achieved through condensation of the upstream PCP onto an adjacent downstream PCP-bound ...
Polymyxin
Kopp F, Marahiel MA (2007). "Macrocyclization strategies in polyketide and nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis". Nat Prod Rep. 24 ... They are part of a broader class of molecules called nonribosomal peptides. They are produced in nature by Gram-positive ... August 2005). "Resistance to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin requires myristoylation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella ... April 2003). "Isolation, structural characterization, and properties of mattacin (polymyxin M), a cyclic peptide antibiotic ...
Oligopeptide
"Cyanobacterial peptides - Nature's own combinatorial biosynthesis". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 30 (4): 530-563. doi:10.1111/j. ... Peptide T - N-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosyl) L-threonine ... These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanita ... Teprotide - A man-made nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is exactly the same as the peptide from the ...
Cyanopeptolin
Martin Welker; Hans Von Döhren (2006). "Cyanobacterial peptides - Nature's own combinatorial biosynthesis". FEMS Microbiology ... The production of cyanopeptolins occurs through nonribosomal peptides synthases (NRPS). CPs are, in general, a six-residue ... Janssen, Elisabeth M.-L. (March 2019). "Cyanobacterial peptides beyond microcystins - A review on co-occurrence, toxicity, and ... Cyanobacteria, and toxin production (The New York Times) (Peptides, Cyanotoxins). ...
Phalloidin
"Ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic peptide toxins of Amanita mushrooms". Peptide Science. 94 (5): 659-664. doi:10.1002/bip. ... Phalloidin was one of the first cyclic peptides to be discovered. It was isolated from the death cap mushroom and crystallized ... After translation, the peptide must be proteolyticly excised, cyclized, hydroxylated, Trp-Cys cross-linked to form ... Essentially, it follows typical small peptide synthesis, using hydroxyl-proline. The major difficulty in synthesis is the ...
Dactinomycin
Stindl A, Keller U (May 1993). "The initiation of peptide formation in the biosynthesis of actinomycin". The Journal of ... The biosynthesis of Actinomycin D has been under investigation since its discovery; early fermentation feeding experiments ... Shafer RH, Formica JV, Delfini C, Brown SC, Mirau PA (December 1982). "Biosynthesis and characterization of [15N]actinomycin D ... Stindl A, Keller U (August 1994). "Epimerization of the D-valine portion in the biosynthesis of actinomycin D". Biochemistry. ...
Chemical biology
"Crosslinking studies of protein-protein interactions in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis". Chem. Biol. 16 (4): 372-81. doi: ... For example, the development of peptide biosensors-peptides containing incorporated fluorophores improved temporal resolution ... "Catalytic promiscuity in the biosynthesis of cyclic peptide secondary metabolites in planktonic marine cyanobacteria". ... Samples for proteomics often contain many peptide sequences and the sequence of interest may be highly represented or of low ...
Streptomyces actuosus
"Biosynthesis of the modified peptide antibiotic nosiheptide in Streptomyces actuosus". Journal of the American Chemical Society ... a sulfur-containing peptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces actuosus 40037". Experientia. 36 (4): 414-6. doi:10.1007/ ...
Phallotoxin
"Ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic peptide toxins of Amanita mushrooms". Biopolymers. 94 (5): 659-664. doi:10.1002/bip.21416 ... Mycotoxins found in Basidiomycota, Tryptamines, Cyclic peptides). ...
Peptide
Du L, Shen B; Shen (March 2001). "Biosynthesis of hybrid peptide-polyketide natural products". Current Opinion in Drug ... renal peptides, respiratory peptides, opioid peptides, neurotrophic peptides, and blood-brain peptides. Some ribosomal peptides ... fungal peptides, invertebrate peptides, amphibian/skin peptides, venom peptides, cancer/anticancer peptides, vaccine peptides, ... immune/inflammatory peptides, brain peptides, endocrine peptides, ingestive peptides, gastrointestinal peptides, cardiovascular ...
Vancomycin
The three peptide syntheses are located at the start of the region of the bacterial genome linked with antibiotic biosynthesis ... June 1996). "The multiple carrier model of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis at modular multienzymatic templates". The Journal ... "X-domain of peptide synthetases recruits oxygenases crucial for glycopeptide biosynthesis". Nature. 521 (7550): 105-9. Bibcode: ... Nonribosomal peptide synthesis occurs through distinct modules that can load and extend the protein by one amino acid per ...
Nosiheptide
... biosynthesis begins with the translation of a 50 amino acid precursor peptide consisting of a 37 amino acid leader ... 1993). "Biosynthesis of the Modified Peptide Antibiotic Nosiheptide in Streptomyces actuosus". Journal of the American Chemical ... 2009). "Nosiheptide Biosynthesis Featuring a Unique Indole Side Ring Formation on the Characteristic Thiopeptide Framework". ... The translation and modification of the precursor peptide is undertaken by several enzymes encoded in a localized gene cluster ...
Teicoplanin
"Understanding the early stages of peptide formation during the biosynthesis of teicoplanin and related glycopeptide antibiotics ... "X-domain of peptide synthetases recruits oxygenases crucial for glycopeptide biosynthesis". Nature. 521 (7550): 105-109. ... These structures possess a common aglycone, or core, consisting of seven amino acids bound by peptide and ether bonds to form a ... The origin of these seven amino acids in the biosynthesis of teicoplanin was studied by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. ...
Oxazolidine
"Thiazole and oxazole peptides: Biosynthesis and molecular machinery". Natural Product Reports. 16 (2): 249-263. doi:10.1039/ ...
Peptide synthesis
Protein biosynthesis (long peptides) in living organisms occurs in the opposite direction. The chemical synthesis of peptides ... Chemical peptide synthesis most commonly starts at the carboxyl end of the peptide (C-terminus), and proceeds toward the amino- ... The first protected peptide was synthesised by Theodor Curtius in 1882 and the first free peptide was synthesised by Emil ... The crude peptide can be purified using reversed-phase HPLC. The purification process, especially of longer peptides can be ...
Carboxypeptidase E
CPE is involved in the biosynthesis of most neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The production of neuropeptides and peptide ... although for many peptides the action of the proprotein convertases and CPE is sufficient to produce the bioactive peptide. ... For some peptides, additional processing steps, such as C-terminal amidation, are subsequently required to generate the ... It does that by cleaving off basic C-terminal amino acids, producing the active form of the peptide. Products of ...
Drosophila melanogaster
"Sex-peptide activates juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the Drosophila melanogaster corpus allatum". Archives of Insect ... The toll pathway was identified by its regulation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including the antifungal peptide drosomycin ... Sex peptide perturbs this homeostasis and dramatically shifts the endocrine state of the female by inciting juvenile hormone ... Sensory neurons in the uterus of female D. melanogaster respond to a male protein, sex peptide, which is found in semen. This ...
Microcystin
Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthases. Microcystin-LR (i.e. X = leucine, Z ... Kaebernick, M; Dittmann, E; Börner, T; Neilan, BA (February 2002). "Multiple alternate transcripts direct the biosynthesis of ... Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthases. Cyanobacteria can produce ... "Hepatotoxic cyanobacterial peptides in Estonian freshwater bodies and inshore marine water". Proceedings of the Estonian ...
Echinomycin
August 2006). "Total biosynthesis of antitumor nonribosomal peptides in Escherichia coli". Nature Chemical Biology. 2 (8): 423- ... Echinomycin is a peptide antibiotic. It is a dimer of two peptides creating a cyclic structure. It contains a bicyclic aromatic ... The biosynthesis of echinomycin starts with molecule QC. L-tryptophan is the precursor for QC and its biosynthesis parallels ... Echinomycin is a bis-intercalator peptide and is biosynthesized by a unique nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). Echinomycin ...
GBAP
... may refer to: Gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone, a bacterial peptide Glucosidase, beta; acid, pseudogene, a ...
Streptomyces laurentii
"Biosynthesis of the modified peptide antibiotic thiostrepton in Streptomyces azureus and Streptomyces laurentii". Journal of ...
Siderophore
"A widely distributed bacterial pathway for siderophore biosynthesis independent of nonribosomal peptide synthetases". ... This study focused on the construction, modeling, and dynamic simulation of PVD biosynthesis, a virulence factor, through a ... Cendrowski S, MacArthur W, Hanna P (January 2004). "Bacillus anthracis requires siderophore biosynthesis for growth in ... Many siderophores are nonribosomal peptides, although several are biosynthesised independently. Siderophores are also important ...
Aerobactin synthase
Challis GL (2005). "A widely distributed bacterial pathway for siderophore biosynthesis independent of nonribosomal peptide ... de Lorenzo V, Bindereif A, Paw BH, Neilands JB (1986). "Aerobactin biosynthesis and transport genes of plasmid ColV-K30 in ... peptide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is citrate:N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine ligase (ADP-forming). ...
N2-citryl-N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxylysine synthase
"A widely distributed bacterial pathway for siderophore biosynthesis independent of nonribosomal peptide synthetases". ... de Lorenzo V, Bindereif A, Paw BH, Neilands JB (February 1986). "Aerobactin biosynthesis and transport genes of plasmid ColV- ...
The Nonribosomal Peptide Valinomycin: From Discovery to Bioactivity and Biosynthesis
Finally, we describe the valinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster and reconstituted biosynthesis of valinomycin. With that, we ... and bioactivity to the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters and heterologous biosynthesis. In this review, we aim to ... Valinomycin is a nonribosomal peptide that was discovered from Streptomyces in 1955. Over the past more than six decades, it ... Valinomycin is a nonribosomal peptide that was discovered from Streptomyces in 1955. Over the past more than six decades, it ...
YcaO-mediated ATP-dependent peptidase activity in ribosomal peptide biosynthesis<...
Zheng, Yiwu ; Nair, Satish K. / YcaO-mediated ATP-dependent peptidase activity in ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. In: Nature ... Zheng, Y., & Nair, S. K. (2023). YcaO-mediated ATP-dependent peptidase activity in ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. Nature ... YcaO-mediated ATP-dependent peptidase activity in ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. / Zheng, Yiwu; Nair, Satish K. In: Nature ... Zheng, Y & Nair, SK 2023, YcaO-mediated ATP-dependent peptidase activity in ribosomal peptide biosynthesis, Nature chemical ...
Flexizyme-Enabled Benchtop Biosynthesis of Thiopeptides. - ARC Centre for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science
Corticotropin-like intermediate peptide - Wikipedia
Lloyd D. Fricker (24 July 1991). Peptide biosynthesis and processing. CRC Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-8493-8852-1. Retrieved 25 ... Corticotropin-Like+Intermediate+Lobe+Peptide at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Genes on ... Chastrette N, Cespuglio R, Lin YL, Jouvet M (February 1990). "Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides and sleep in the rat ... Marshall JB, Kapcala LP, Manning LD, McCullough AJ (November 1984). "Effect of corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide on ...
Cell-Free Biosynthesis to Evaluate Lasso Peptide Formation and Enzyme-Substrate Tolerance<...
Si, Y., Kretsch, A. M., Daigh, L. M., Burk, M. J., & Mitchell, D. A. (2021). Cell-Free Biosynthesis to Evaluate Lasso Peptide ... Cell-Free Biosynthesis to Evaluate Lasso Peptide Formation and Enzyme-Substrate Tolerance. In: Journal of the American Chemical ... Cell-Free Biosynthesis to Evaluate Lasso Peptide Formation and Enzyme-Substrate Tolerance. Journal of the American Chemical ... Cell-Free Biosynthesis to Evaluate Lasso Peptide Formation and Enzyme-Substrate Tolerance. / Si, Yuanyuan; Kretsch, Ashley M.; ...
Experimental ulceration leads to sequential expression of spasmolytic polypeptide, intestinal trefoil factor, epidermal growth...
The trefoil peptides, rat spasmolytic polypeptide (rSP) and rat intestinal trefoil factor (rITF), along with ep … ... encoding peptides considered to play active parts in the healing response. ... Epidermal Growth Factor / biosynthesis * Gastric Mucosa / metabolism* * Gastric Mucosa / pathology * Gene Expression ... encoding peptides considered to play active parts in the healing response. The trefoil peptides, rat spasmolytic polypeptide ( ...
Structure of the terminal PCP domain of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in teicoplanin biosynthesis, - ARC Centre for...
Structure of the terminal PCP domain of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in teicoplanin biosynthesis,. *Post by: CIPPS ... Structure of the terminal PCP domain of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in teicoplanin biosynthesis,. ... Structure of the terminal PCP domain of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in teicoplanin biosynthesis, ... New peptides that can travel through membranes unleashing the potential of peptide drugs ...
Reciprocal effects of systemic inflammation and brain natriuretic peptide on adiponectin biosynthesis in adipose tissue of...
... and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was examined by using ex vivo models of human fat. The effects of inducible low-grade ... Reciprocal effects of systemic inflammation and brain natriuretic peptide on adiponectin biosynthesis in adipose tissue of ... Reciprocal effects of systemic inflammation and brain natriuretic peptide on adiponectin biosynthesis in adipose tissue of ... adiponectin, adipose tissue, heart failure, inflammation, natriuretic peptide, brain, Adiponectin, Adipose Tissue, Aged, ...
Elucidating the molecular programming of a nonlinear non-ribosomal peptide synthetase responsible for fungal siderophore...
Characterization of the macrocyclase involved in the biosynthesis of RiPP cyclic peptides in plants - NRC Publications Archive ...
Characterization of the macrocyclase involved in the biosynthesis of RiPP cyclic peptides in plants ... Characterization of the macrocyclase involved in the biosynthesis of RiPP cyclic peptides in plants. Download. *View final ... Characterization of the macrocyclase involved in the biosynthesis of RiPP cyclic peptides in plants. From National Research ... Characterization of the macrocyclase involved in the biosynthesis of RiPP cyclic peptides in plants (PDF, 6.1 MiB) ...
Iron-deficiency anemia in Castleman disease: implication of the interleukin 6/hepcidin pathway
Research Groups | University of Tübingen
Nonhemolytic, Nonmotile Gram-Positive Rods Indicative of Bacillus anthracis - Volume 9, Number 8-August 2003 - Emerging...
Goethe-Universität - …From Single Molecules to Cells…
Structure elucidation and biosynthesis of lysine-rich cyclic peptides in Xenorhabdus nematophila.. Org Biomol Chem. 9 (2011) ... Enzyme-cleavable tandem peptides for quantitative studies in MS-based proteomics.. Proteomics 12(2012) 3470-4. ... for peptides and proteins.. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 23 (2012) 1949-54. ...
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | KiwiC for Vitality: Results of a Placebo-Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Kiwifruit or...
Eipper, B.A.; Mains, R.E. The role of ascorbate in the biosynthesis of neuroendocrine peptides. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991, 54 ( ... The biosynthesis of many amidated peptide-based hormones, including oxytocin, vasopressin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and ... Rebouche, C.J. Ascorbic acid and carnitine biosynthesis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991, 54 (Suppl. S6), 1147S-1152S. [Google Scholar ... Prigge, S.T.; Mains, R.E.; Eipper, B.A.; Amzel, L.M. New insights into copper monooxygenases and peptide amidation: Structure, ...
Pathogens | Free Full-Text | Genome-Wide Analyses Revealed Remarkable Heterogeneity in Pathogenicity Determinants,...
... and biosynthesis by peptide and polyketide synthetases. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 1999, 63, 266-292. [Google Scholar] ... The biosynthesis of phytotoxins, such as coronofacic acid (cfa) and syringomycin, are described as important pathogenicity ... 119] observed that mutants in the LPS biosynthesis cluster of P. atrosepticum SCRI1043 led to a reduction in potato soft rot. ... Diversity and evolution of the phenazine biosynthesis pathway. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2010, 76, 866-879. [Google Scholar] [ ...
Frontiers | Advances in Biodetoxification of Ochratoxin A-A Review of the Past Five Decades
Phylogenetic study of polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases involved in the biosynthesis of mycotoxins. ... Some microorganisms were not only able to degrade OTA, but also able to inhibit the biosynthesis of OTA. El Khoury et al. (2017 ... Harris, J. P., and Mantle, P. G. (2001). Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus. Phytochemistry 58, 709-716. doi ... Gallo, A., Ferrara, M., and Perrone, G. (2017). Recent advances on the molecular aspects of Ochratoxin A biosynthesis. Curr. ...
An integrated bacterial system for the discovery of chemical rescuers of disease-associated protein misfolding | Nature...
A fluorescence-based assay is used to screen cyclic peptides for their activity in preventing protein misfolding, an event that ... Biochemical, biophysical and biological assays using isolated amyloid β peptide, primary neurons and various established ... We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by identifying drug-like, head-to-tail cyclic peptides that modulate the ... disease nematode models showed that the selected macrocycles potently inhibit the formation of neurotoxic amyloid β peptide ...
SMART: PKS KR domain annotation
Protein Biosynthesis | Profiles RNS
The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with ... "Protein Biosynthesis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Protein Biosynthesis" by people in this website by year, and ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Protein Biosynthesis" by people in Profiles. ...
RCSB PDB - 6EJB: Human Xylosyltransferase 1 in complex with peptide QEEEGSAGGQGG
GAG biosynthesis is initiated by peptide O-xylosyltransferases, which transfer xylose onto selected serine residues in the core ... A constriction within the peptide binding cleft requires the acceptor serine to be followed by glycine or alanine. The ... Structural Basis for the Initiation of Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis by Human Xylosyltransferase 1.. Briggs, D.C., Hohenester ... and various acceptor peptides. The structures reveal unique active-site features that, in conjunction with functional ...
Description: Investigation on the biosynthesis of polyketide products in Aspergillus ustus and cyclodipeptide derivatives in...
Ribosome-Independent Biosynthesis of Peptide Natural Products: Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases and Cyclodipeptide Synthases by ... Jing Liu, the biosynthesis of streptoazine C and guanitrypmycin D1 was elucidated. Firstly, a three-gene cluster coding for a ... Liujuan Zheng, the biosynthesis of a highly oxygenated phenethyl derivative ustethylin A, isolated from Aspergillus ustus, was ... Investigation on the biosynthesis of polyketides in two Penicillium strains by: Xiang, Pan Published: (2022) ...
Ulrich Hartl Selected Publications | Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
Structural basis of CTP-dependent peptide bond formation in coenzyme A biosynthesis catalyzed by Escherichia coli PPC ... Biosynthesis of riboflavin in archaea studies on the mechanism of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase of ... and phylogenetic distribution of isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways. European Journal of Biochemistry 271 (13), pp. 2658 - 2669 ( ... 4-cyclodiphosphate synthase involved in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis of isoprenoids. Journal of Molecular Biology 316 (1 ...
Medical Science Monitor | Elastin metabolism is disrupted in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ...
Plasma elastase activity (EA) and plasma elastin-derived peptide concentration (EDPc) were measured. Results:There were ... Keywords: young adult, Transplantation, Homologous, Peptide Fragments - biosynthesis, Pancreatic Elastase - metabolism, ... Plasma elastase activity (EA) and plasma elastin-derived peptide concentration (EDPc) were measured.. Results. There were ...
MeSH Browser
Peptide Biosynthesis [G02.111.660] * Aminoacylation [G02.111.660.050] * Peptide Biosynthesis, Nucleic Acid-Independent [G02.111 ... non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES ... non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES ... Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.. Terms. Peptide Biosynthesis Preferred ...
Leading-edge Biotechnology Research Group | Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute Web Site
N-Phenylacetylation and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases with Substrate Promiscuity for Biosynthesis of Heptapeptide Variants, ... Biosynthesis and Degradation of Sulfur Modifications in tRNAs.. INT J MOL SCI. 2021 Nov 3;22(21):11937. doi: 10.3390/ ... Bacterial Avenalumic Acid Biosynthesis Includes Substitution of an Aromatic Amino Group for Hydride by Nitrous Acid Dependent ... An Unprecedented Cyclization Mechanism in the Biosynthesis of Carbazole Alkaloids in Streptomyces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 189 ...
Connail Mc Crory'School of Medicine - Trinity College Dublin
Frontiers | A Basic Review of the Preliminary Evidence That COVID-19 Risk and Severity Is Increased in Vitamin D Deficiency
The essential role of vitamin D in the biosynthesis of endogenous antimicrobial peptides may explain why deficiency increases ... In the lungs, formation of the peptide LL37, an innate immune system component that, among other things, attacks enveloped ... Vitamin D deficiency and air pollution exacerbate COVID-19 through suppression of antiviral peptide LL37. Front Public Health. ...
Binding MOAD - The Mother of All Databases
Kimyrsa, Orbactiv (oritavancin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Protein BiosynthesisNonribosomalProteinsCyclicSynthesized and post-translationally modifiedPost-translationally modifiedSynthetaseRibosomal peptideAntimicrobialRiPPCharacterizationRibosomallyAmyloidPrecursor peptideMetabolitesEnzymesBiosyntheticSubstrateBiochemicalLipidsAlkaloidResiduesDegradationStreptomycesPathwayInsulinAminoMechanismSequenceNeuronsReceptorsIntestinalMoleculesAspergillusBacteriaMolecularLibrariesBrainFormationStrainProduction
Protein Biosynthesis4
- Protein Biosynthesis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Protein Biosynthesis" by people in this website by year, and whether "Protein Biosynthesis" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Protein Biosynthesis" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
- In order to study the mode of action of drugs of mammalian protein biosynthesis, lysergyl containing peptides have been obtained from rabbit immune lymphocytes and murine plasma cytoma cells incubated in vitro in the presence of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). (erowid.org)
Nonribosomal6
- Valinomycin is a nonribosomal peptide that was discovered from Streptomyces in 1955. (tu-berlin.de)
- Nonribosomal peptide synthetases are large, complex multidomain enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of a wide range of peptidic natural products. (rcsb.org)
- The inclusion of nonproteinogenic d-amino acids into peptide frameworks is a common and important modification for bioactive nonribosomal peptides. (rcsb.org)
- Epimerization domains, embedded in nonribosomal peptide synthetases assembly lines, catalyze the l- to d-amino acid conversion. (rcsb.org)
- Fabclavines are hybrid SMs derived from nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and polyketide synthases (PKS). (beilstein-journals.org)
- Engineering and elucidation of the lipoinitiation process in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis. (sdu.edu.cn)
Proteins11
- Our structural, mutational and mechanistic studies expand the scope of modifications catalyzed by YcaO proteins to include peptide hydrolysis and provide evidence for a unifying mechanism for the catalytically diverse outcomes. (illinois.edu)
- The pronounced, but temporally different patterns of mRNA induction after ulceration suggest that the trefoil peptides may fulfil different and more immediate roles than the more 'traditional' healing proteins EGF and TGF alpha. (nih.gov)
- The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS. (umassmed.edu)
- GAG biosynthesis is initiated by peptide O-xylosyltransferases, which transfer xylose onto selected serine residues in the core proteins. (rcsb.org)
- The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. (nih.gov)
- The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation ( TRANSLATION, GENETIC ). (nih.gov)
- This technique has frequently been applied to animal tissue slices for the purpose to map proteins, peptides , lipids, sugars or small metabolites to find disease specific bio-markers or to study drag metabolism. (go.jp)
- The lysergyl peptides have also been analyzed in immuno-precipitin assays as to their structural relationship to the immunoglobulin molecule or other cellular proteins. (erowid.org)
- Results suggest that LSD interferes with the de nova biosynthesis of several cellular proteins in the lymphocyte and is not specific to the immunoglobulin molecule. (erowid.org)
- Peptides derived from sequence of cell surface proteins, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), LHRH, Bombesin, and LFA-1, have shown potent binding affinity to the target cell surface receptors. (biosyn.com)
- Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides,2 poly-Arg peptides), 3,4 proteins (e.g., antibodies,5 transport proteins, and transferrin6), and small molecules (e.g., folate7) have been used to selectively direct drugs to cancer cells with upregulated receptors by forming drug-carrier conjugates (Fig. 1). (biosyn.com)
Cyclic7
- The diversity in size and sequence of orbitides suggests that the corresponding macrocyclases may be ideal catalysts for production of cyclic peptides. (canada.ca)
- We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by identifying drug-like, head-to-tail cyclic peptides that modulate the aggregation of the Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid β peptide. (nature.com)
- Here we report the structure of the epimerization domain/peptidyl carrier protein didomain construct from the first module of the cyclic peptide antibiotic gramicidin synthetase. (rcsb.org)
- Both linear and cyclic peptides have been explored as trafficking moiety due to ease of synthesis, structural simplicity, and low probability of undesirable immunogenicity. (biosyn.com)
- MALDI MS/MS analysis elucidated the lipopeptide as a cyclic lipopeptide with a β-hydroxy fatty acid linked to Ser of a peptide with seven α-amino acids (Asp-Tyr-Asn-Gln-Pro-Asn-Ser) and assigned it to iturin-like group of antimicrobial biosurfactants. (springeropen.com)
- includes various classes of bacteriocins ( Klaenhammer 1993 ), antimicrobial surface-active biosurfactants like lipopeptides, glycopeptides and nonribosomally synthesized cyclic peptides (Mukherjee et al. (springeropen.com)
- 2012 ). In present study we report another antimicrobial peptide and a cyclic lipopeptide produced by a halotolerant isolate of Bacillus subtilis strain SK.DU.4 isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample. (springeropen.com)
Synthesized and post-translationally modified1
- Lasso peptides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products that display a unique lariat-like, threaded conformation. (illinois.edu)
Post-translationally modified1
- Ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides, or RiPPs, are a class of natural products with broad structural diversity. (chemistryworld.com)
Synthetase2
- Structural basis of CTP-dependent peptide bond formation in coenzyme A biosynthesis catalyzed by Escherichia coli PPC synthetase. (mpg.de)
- The biosynthesis of CoA from pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5 ) is performed in five steps (Fig. 1 ), sequentially catalysed by the enzymes pantothenate kinase (CoaA, also known as PanK), phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (CoaB), phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (CoaC), phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (CoaD) and dephospho-CoA kinase (CoaE). (nature.com)
Ribosomal peptide1
- Zheng, Y & Nair, SK 2023, ' YcaO-mediated ATP-dependent peptidase activity in ribosomal peptide biosynthesis ', Nature chemical biology , vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 111-119. (illinois.edu)
Antimicrobial7
- A bacterial strain producing two antimicrobial peptides was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on both phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis. (springeropen.com)
- It grew optimally up to 14% NaCl and produced antimicrobial peptide within 24 h of growth. (springeropen.com)
- Antimicrobial peptides characterization has received great attention in the recent past due to their applications as food preservatives without any toxic effects on host and therapeutic agents. (springeropen.com)
- However, production of antimicrobial peptides by Bacillus strains has been increasingly characterized in the recent past and many peptides produced by this group of bacteria found to be suitable for various applications (Abriouel et al. (springeropen.com)
- 2006 ). Among the antimicrobial biosurfactants, lipopeptides contain peptides with 7-10 amino acid that are cyclised via a lactone ring to a β-hydroxy fatty acid with different chain lengths. (springeropen.com)
- Despite the fact that multiple bacteriocins and/or lipopeptide analogues are produced by a single strain, only few antimicrobial peptides are reported in the literature. (springeropen.com)
- Considering the enormous diversity of Bacillus species in the soil ecosystem it is very important to isolate and preserve the strains producing these antimicrobial peptides followed by detailed characterization. (springeropen.com)
RiPP3
- RiPP biosynthesis begins with the ribosome translating a structural gene to generate a precursor peptide. (chemistryworld.com)
- Although it could potentially be used to create diverse libraries of compounds, at present, RiPP engineering is limited by the need for a custom-designed precursor peptide with a leader section that the post-translation enzymes can bind to. (chemistryworld.com)
- In 2017, scientists from the University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign reported a method for making RiPP hybrid products using a chimeric leader peptide with recognition sequences for two different enzymes, so that two enzyme modification steps could occur sequentially. (chemistryworld.com)
Characterization3
- Although many research papers have been published on valinomycin, there has not yet been a comprehensive review that summarizes the diverse studies ranging from structural characterization, biogenesis, and bioactivity to the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters and heterologous biosynthesis. (tu-berlin.de)
- however, the discovery, isolation, and characterization of lasso peptides are constrained by the lack of an efficient production system. (illinois.edu)
- Biochemical characterization of Bacillus subtilis type II isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, and phylogenetic distribution of isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways. (mpg.de)
Ribosomally1
- Orbitides are plant ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) of various sizes and topologies, several of which are shown to be biologically active. (canada.ca)
Amyloid1
- Biochemical, biophysical and biological assays using isolated amyloid β peptide, primary neurons and various established Alzheimer's disease nematode models showed that the selected macrocycles potently inhibit the formation of neurotoxic amyloid β peptide aggregates. (nature.com)
Precursor peptide3
- We further demonstrate the utility of CFB to rapidly generate and characterize multisite precursor peptide variants to evaluate the substrate tolerance of the biosynthetic pathway. (illinois.edu)
- They began by modifying their precursor peptide with LynD, an enzyme that converts cysteine residues into thiazoline heterocycles. (chemistryworld.com)
- The precursor peptide contained a leader section for LynD to bind to, followed by the recognition motif of sortase A and was joined to the core section of the peptide by two glycines. (chemistryworld.com)
Metabolites2
- Advances in sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis also provide great advantages for studying the biosynthesis and structural diversity of these metabolites. (uni-marburg.de)
- Research on the biosynthesis of halogenated metabolites eventually revealed a more diverse range of halogenases with different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes5
- YcaO enzymes catalyze ATP-dependent post-translation modifications on peptides, including the installation of (ox/thi)azoline, thioamide and/or amidine moieties. (illinois.edu)
- Enzymes that can catalyze the macrocyclization of linear peptide substrates have long been sought for the production of libraries of structurally diverse scaffolds via combinatorial gene assembly as well as to afford rapid in vivo screening methods. (canada.ca)
- In many cases, the peptides must also contain a specific sequence of amino acid residues so enzymes recognise them as a substrate - the enzyme will then modify a different part of the peptide known as the core peptide. (chemistryworld.com)
- Koehnke and Laura Franz of Saarland University in Germany have now shown that sortase A can be used to swap leader peptides between biosynthetic steps, making it much easier to instruct a variety of enzymes to modify ribosomal products. (chemistryworld.com)
- As a proof-of-concept for their leader peptide exchange technique, Koehnke and Franz combined enzymes from two unrelated biosynthetic pathways originating in different cyanobacteria. (chemistryworld.com)
Biosynthetic1
- Finally, we describe the valinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster and reconstituted biosynthesis of valinomycin. (tu-berlin.de)
Substrate1
- Notably, PCY1 uses an unusual strategy in which the cleaved C-terminal follower peptide from the substrate stabilizes the enzyme in a productive conformation to facilitate macrocyclization of the N-terminal fragment. (canada.ca)
Biochemical2
- The 3.1-Ã…-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure of MusD along with biochemical analysis allow identification of residues that enable peptide cleavage reaction. (illinois.edu)
- Deciphering the underlying biochemical reactions may lead to the development of new drugs that are more stable and potent and may provide new tools for protein and peptide engineering. (edu.au)
Lipids1
- CoA is essential for the synthesis of phospholipids, fatty acids, polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides, for the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in the degradation of lipids 3 . (nature.com)
Alkaloid1
- Here we demonstrate that, in the biosynthesis of the bis-methyloxazolic alkaloid muscoride A, the YcaO enzyme MusD carries out both ATP-dependent cyclodehydration and peptide bond cleavage, which is a mechanism unprecedented for such a reaction. (illinois.edu)
Residues1
- They then introduced sortase A, which cleaved two of the residues in the motif, before catalysing a new amide bond between this end of the peptide and the leader peptide for the next modifying enzyme, MdnC. (chemistryworld.com)
Degradation1
- Owing to a locked three-dimensional structure, lasso peptides can be unusually stable toward heat and proteolytic degradation. (illinois.edu)
Streptomyces1
- PlmKR1-Ketoreductase from the first module of phoslactomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Pathway3
- By evaluating more than 1000 randomly chosen variants, we show that the lasso-forming cyclase from the fusilassin pathway is capable of producing millions of sequence-diverse lasso peptides via CFB. (illinois.edu)
- Fig. 1: Coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway. (nature.com)
- DFMO inhibits the polyamine biosynthesis pathway, which plays a role in the inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. (medscape.com)
Insulin3
- 2] The patient is instructed to fast, and plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide levels are measured every 6 hours until the plasma glucose level is less than 65 mg/dL, after which the testing frequency is increased to every 1-2 hours. (medscape.com)
- Insulin is a peptide hormone that is secreted from beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. (medscape.com)
- It delays the onset of type 1 diabetes and improves C-peptide, but it didn't get everyone off insulin. (medscape.com)
Amino1
- Corticotropin-like intermediate [lobe] peptide (CLIP), also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment 18-39 (ACTH(18-39)), is a naturally occurring, endogenous neuropeptide with a docosapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Arg-Pro-Val-Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-Asn-Gly-Ala-Glu-Asp-Glu-Ser-Ala-Glu-Ala-Phe-Pro-Leu-Glu-Phe. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism3
- Biosynthesis of riboflavin in archaea studies on the mechanism of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase of Methanococcus jannaschii. (mpg.de)
- We are studying the biosynthesis mechanism of sulfur-modification and its regulation mechanisms in order to develop new drugs. (go.jp)
- Systematic analyses have revealed that physicochemical properties of the drug-peptide conjugates and their mechanism of receptor-mediated cellular internalization are important controlling factors for developing a successful targeting system. (biosyn.com)
Sequence2
- We report the successful use of CFB for the formation of an array of sequence-diverse lasso peptides that include known examples as well as a new predicted lasso peptide from Thermobifida halotolerans. (illinois.edu)
- The peptide mass fingerprinting of low-molecular-weight bacteriocin exhibited significant similarity with stretches of secreted lipoprotein of Methylomicrobium album BG8 and displayed 70% sequence coverage. (springeropen.com)
Neurons1
- Colocalization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide synthase in neurons of the ferret trachea. (ersjournals.com)
Receptors1
- Some lasso peptides have been shown to bind human cell-surface receptors and exhibit anticancer properties, while others display antibacterial or antiviral activities. (illinois.edu)
Intestinal6
- The trefoil peptides, rat spasmolytic polypeptide (rSP) and rat intestinal trefoil factor (rITF), along with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) were the molecules studied. (nih.gov)
- The first additional NANC transmitter is the smooth muscle relaxant neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). (ersjournals.com)
- The additional model of airway hyperresponsiveness worth considering in this context is that recently reported in mice lacking the vasoactive intestinal peptide gene 10 . (ersjournals.com)
- The existence of this asthma-like phenotype is proof that vasoative intestinal peptide plays an essential role in maintaining normal airway function. (ersjournals.com)
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a possible transmitter of nonadrenergic relaxation of guinea pig airways. (ersjournals.com)
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces both tyrosine hydroxylase activity and tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis in PC12 cells. (ersjournals.com)
Molecules2
- Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules. (nih.gov)
- The approaches and results presented here will serve as a guide to systematically approach targeted delivery of cytotoxic drug molecules using peptides for treatment of several diseases. (biosyn.com)
Aspergillus1
- In a cooperation study with Dr. Liujuan Zheng, the biosynthesis of a highly oxygenated phenethyl derivative ustethylin A, isolated from Aspergillus ustus, was elucidated. (uni-marburg.de)
Bacteria2
- Both peptides were active against Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting that they had an additive effect. (springeropen.com)
- Identification of putative novel class-I lanthipeptides in firmicutes: A combinatorial in silico analysis approach performed on genome sequenced bacteria and a close inspection of Z-geobacillin lanthipeptide biosynthesis gene cluster of the Thermophilic geobacillus sp. (lu.se)
Molecular1
- The MALDI-TOF analysis of HPLC purified fractions revealed that the strain SK.DU.4 secreted a bacteriocin-like peptide with molecular mass of 5323.9 Da and a surface-active lipopeptide (m/z 1056 Da). (springeropen.com)
Libraries2
- These data lay a firm foundation for the creation of large lasso peptide libraries using CFB to identify new variants with unique properties. (illinois.edu)
- Koehnke wanted to explore if more diverse libraries would be possible if such dependence on the leader peptide were eliminated. (chemistryworld.com)
Brain4
- Reciprocal effects of systemic inflammation and brain natriuretic peptide on adiponectin biosynthesis in adipose tissue of patients with ischemic heart disease. (ox.ac.uk)
- Responsiveness of the various human adipose tissue depots to interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was examined by using ex vivo models of human fat. (ox.ac.uk)
- β-sheet breaker peptides inhibit fibrillogenesis in a rat brain model of amyloidosis: implications for Alzheimer's therapy. (nature.com)
- Targeting soluble Aβ peptide with Tramiprosate for the treatment of brain amyloidosis. (nature.com)
Formation1
- Carrier Protein Mediated Formation of the Dihydropyridazinone Ring in Actinopyridazinone Biosynthesis. (go.jp)
Strain1
- Strain ZGt-1, an Antibacterial Peptide-Producing Bacterium from Hot Springs in Jordan. (lu.se)
Production1
- In this study, we employ a cell-free biosynthesis (CFB) strategy to address longstanding challenges associated with lasso peptide production. (illinois.edu)
