Olfactory Perception
Odors
Olfactory Bulb
Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here.
Olfactory Pathways
Receptors, Odorant
Olfactory Receptor Neurons
Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins (RECEPTORS, ODORANT) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. These neurons send their DENDRITES to the surface of the epithelium with the odorant receptors residing in the apical non-motile cilia. Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN.
Olfaction Disorders
Perception
Olfactory Nerve
Olfactory Marker Protein
Visual Perception
Social Perception
Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb. (1/380)
(+info)Olfactory function in Australian aboriginal children and chronic otitis media. (2/380)
(+info)Synergy and masking in odor mixtures: an electrophysiological study of orthonasal vs. retronasal perception. (3/380)
(+info)The Odor Awareness Scale: a new scale for measuring positive and negative odor awareness. (4/380)
(+info)Olfaction as a model system for the neurobiology of mammalian short-term habituation. (5/380)
(+info)Changes in olfactory function with several pregnancies? (6/380)
(+info)Investigation of breathing parameters during odor perception and olfactory imagery. (7/380)
(+info)Natural odor ligands for olfactory receptor neurons of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti: use of gas chromatography-linked single sensillum recordings. (8/380)
(+info)'Olfactory perception' is the cognitive interpretation and identification of odors or smell stimuli, occurring in the brain as a result of olfactory receptor neuron activation in the nose.
Olfactory perception refers to the ability to perceive and recognize odors or smells, which is mediated by olfactory receptor neurons located in the nasal cavity. These neurons detect and transmit information about chemical compounds present in the inhaled air to the brain, specifically to the primary olfactory cortex, where the perception of smell is processed and integrated with other sensory inputs. Olfactory perception plays a crucial role in various aspects of human behavior, including food selection, safety, and emotional responses.
'Smell', or olfaction, is the special sense by which odors or volatilized chemicals are received and interpreted by the receptor cells in the nasal cavity, primarily via the olfactory nerve (CN I).
In medical terms, the sense of smell is referred to as olfaction. It is the ability to detect and identify different types of chemicals in the air through the use of the olfactory system. The olfactory system includes the nose, nasal passages, and the olfactory bulbs located in the brain.
When a person inhales air containing volatile substances, these substances bind to specialized receptor cells in the nasal passage called olfactory receptors. These receptors then transmit signals to the olfactory bulbs, which process the information and send it to the brain's limbic system, including the hippocampus and amygdala, as well as to the cortex. The brain interprets these signals and identifies the various scents or smells.
Impairment of the sense of smell can occur due to various reasons such as upper respiratory infections, sinusitis, nasal polyps, head trauma, or neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Loss of smell can significantly impact a person's quality of life, including their ability to taste food, detect dangers such as smoke or gas leaks, and experience emotions associated with certain smells.
'Odors' refer to the various perceptible and often characteristically unpleasant or pleasant smells that are produced by substances and can be detected by the sense of smell through olfactory receptors in the nose.
In the context of medicine, "odors" refer to smells or scents that are produced by certain medical conditions, substances, or bodily functions. These odors can sometimes provide clues about underlying health issues. For example, sweet-smelling urine could indicate diabetes, while foul-smelling breath might suggest a dental problem or gastrointestinal issue. However, it's important to note that while odors can sometimes be indicative of certain medical conditions, they are not always reliable diagnostic tools and should be considered in conjunction with other symptoms and medical tests.
The olfactory bulb is the primary region of the mammalian forebrain where sensory neurons of the main olfactory system synapse and initiate the processing of smell information, located at the base of the frontal lobe and anterior to the hypothalamus.
The olfactory bulb is the primary center for the sense of smell in the brain. It's a structure located in the frontal part of the brain, specifically in the anterior cranial fossa, and is connected to the nasal cavity through tiny holes called the cribriform plates. The olfactory bulb receives signals from olfactory receptors in the nose that detect different smells, processes this information, and then sends it to other areas of the brain for further interpretation and perception of smell.
'Olfactory pathways' refer to the neural connections and routes, including the olfactory bulb, tract, and cortex, that transmit sensory information from olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity to the brain for the sense of smell.
The olfactory pathways refer to the neural connections and structures involved in the sense of smell. The process begins with odor molecules that are inhaled through the nostrils, where they bind to specialized receptor cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium.
These receptor cells then transmit signals via the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) to the olfactory bulb, a structure at the base of the brain. Within the olfactory bulb, the signals are processed and relayed through several additional structures, including the olfactory tract, lateral olfactory striae, and the primary olfactory cortex (located within the piriform cortex).
From there, information about odors is further integrated with other sensory systems and cognitive functions in higher-order brain regions, such as the limbic system, thalamus, and hippocampus. This complex network of olfactory pathways allows us to perceive and recognize various scents and plays a role in emotional responses, memory formation, and feeding behaviors.
Odorant receptors are specialized G protein-coupled receptors found in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity that bind odorous molecules and initiate the sense of smell through a signaling cascade, ultimately transmitting chemical information to the brain.
Odorant receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that are primarily found in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons in the nose. These receptors are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about odorants, or volatile molecules that we perceive as smells.
Each odorant receptor can bind to a specific set of odorant molecules, and when an odorant binds to its corresponding receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the generation of an electrical signal in the olfactory sensory neuron. This signal is then transmitted to the brain, where it is processed and interpreted as a particular smell.
There are thought to be around 400 different types of odorant receptors in humans, each with its own unique binding profile. The combinatorial coding of these receptors allows for the detection and discrimination of a vast array of different smells, from sweet to sour, floral to fruity, and everything in between.
Overall, the ability to detect and respond to odorants is critical for many important functions, including the identification of food, mates, and potential dangers in the environment.
'Olfactory receptor neurons' are specialized bipolar nerve cells within the olfactory epithelium, responsible for detecting and converting odor molecules into electrical signals that transmit information about smell to the brain through the olfactory bulb.
Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are specialized sensory nerve cells located in the olfactory epithelium, a patch of tissue inside the nasal cavity. These neurons are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about odors to the brain. Each ORN expresses only one type of olfactory receptor protein, which is specific to certain types of odor molecules. When an odor molecule binds to its corresponding receptor, it triggers a signal transduction pathway that generates an electrical impulse in the neuron. This impulse is then transmitted to the brain via the olfactory nerve, where it is processed and interpreted as a specific smell. ORNs are continuously replaced throughout an individual's lifetime due to their exposure to environmental toxins and other damaging agents.
Olfaction disorders are conditions characterized by the impairment or loss of the ability to smell (anosmia, hyposmia), distorted sense of smell (dysosmia), or phantom perception of odors (phantosmia) due to various causes affecting the olfactory system.
Olfaction disorders, also known as smell disorders, refer to conditions that affect the ability to detect or interpret odors. These disorders can be categorized into two main types:
1. Anosmia: This is a complete loss of the sense of smell. It can be caused by various factors such as nasal polyps, sinus infections, head injuries, and degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
2. Hyposmia: This is a reduced ability to detect odors. Like anosmia, it can also be caused by similar factors including aging and exposure to certain chemicals.
Other olfaction disorders include parosmia, which is a distortion of smell where individuals may perceive a smell as being different from its original scent, and phantosmia, which is the perception of a smell that isn't actually present.
"Perception in medicine refers to the neurophysiological processes, including interpretation and organization, that allow an individual to become aware of and make sense of various sensory stimuli from the environment."
In the context of medicine and psychology, perception refers to the neurophysiological processes, cognitive abilities, and psychological experiences that enable an individual to interpret and make sense of sensory information from their environment. It involves the integration of various stimuli such as sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell to form a coherent understanding of one's surroundings, objects, events, or ideas.
Perception is a complex and active process that includes attention, pattern recognition, interpretation, and organization of sensory information. It can be influenced by various factors, including prior experiences, expectations, cultural background, emotional states, and cognitive biases. Alterations in perception may occur due to neurological disorders, psychiatric conditions, sensory deprivation or overload, drugs, or other external factors.
In a clinical setting, healthcare professionals often assess patients' perceptions of their symptoms, illnesses, or treatments to develop individualized care plans and improve communication and adherence to treatment recommendations.
The olfactory nerve, also known as the first cranial nerve (CN I), is responsible for the sense of smell by transmitting sensory information from the nasal cavity to the brain's primary olfactory cortex via the olfactory bulb and tracts.
The olfactory nerve, also known as the first cranial nerve (I), is a specialized sensory nerve that is responsible for the sense of smell. It consists of thin, delicate fibers called olfactory neurons that are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. These neurons have hair-like structures called cilia that detect and transmit information about odors to the brain.
The olfactory nerve has two main parts: the peripheral process and the central process. The peripheral process extends from the olfactory neuron to the nasal cavity, where it picks up odor molecules. These molecules bind to receptors on the cilia, which triggers an electrical signal that travels along the nerve fiber to the brain.
The central process of the olfactory nerve extends from the olfactory bulb, a structure at the base of the brain, to several areas in the brain involved in smell and memory, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus. Damage to the olfactory nerve can result in a loss of smell (anosmia) or distorted smells (parosmia).
Olfactory Marker Protein (OMP) is a specific type of protein primarily found in the olfactory sensory neurons of the mammalian nasal epithelium, involved in the early stages of odorant signal transduction and functioning as a marker for mature olfactory neurons.
The olfactory marker protein (OMP) is a specific type of protein that is primarily found in the olfactory sensory neurons of the nose. These neurons are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about odors to the brain. The OMP plays a crucial role in the function of these neurons, as it helps to maintain their structure and stability. It also contributes to the process of odor detection by helping to speed up the transmission of signals from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
The presence of OMP is often used as a marker for mature olfactory sensory neurons, as it is not typically found in other types of cells. Additionally, changes in the expression levels of OMP have been associated with various neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, making it a potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
'Visual Perception' is the neurophysiological process and cognitive ability to interpret, organize and understand the significance of information derived from the visual system in relation to environmental stimuli, enabling meaningful interaction with the world.
Visual perception refers to the ability to interpret and organize information that comes from our eyes to recognize and understand what we are seeing. It involves several cognitive processes such as pattern recognition, size estimation, movement detection, and depth perception. Visual perception allows us to identify objects, navigate through space, and interact with our environment. Deficits in visual perception can lead to learning difficulties and disabilities.
"Motion perception is the ability to interpret and understand the movement of objects in our environment, which involves neural processing of visual information related to changes in position, speed, and direction."
Motion perception is the ability to interpret and understand the movement of objects in our environment. It is a complex process that involves multiple areas of the brain and the visual system. In medical terms, motion perception refers to the specific function of the visual system to detect and analyze the movement of visual stimuli. This allows us to perceive and respond to moving objects in our environment, which is crucial for activities such as driving, sports, and even maintaining balance. Disorders in motion perception can lead to conditions like motion sickness or difficulty with depth perception.
"Social perception in psychology refers to the process by which individuals observe, interpret, and form assumptions or judgments about other people's behaviors, traits, or emotions based on their observations and interactions."
Social perception, in the context of psychology and social sciences, refers to the ability to interpret and understand other people's behavior, emotions, and intentions. It is the process by which we make sense of the social world around us, by observing and interpreting cues such as facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and situational context.
In medical terminology, social perception is not a specific diagnosis or condition, but rather a cognitive skill that can be affected in various mental and neurological disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia. For example, individuals with autism may have difficulty interpreting social cues and understanding other people's emotions and intentions, while those with schizophrenia may have distorted perceptions of social situations and interactions.
Healthcare professionals who work with patients with cognitive or neurological disorders may assess their social perception skills as part of a comprehensive evaluation, in order to develop appropriate interventions and support strategies.
Speech perception is the process of interpreting and understanding spoken language by recognizing various sounds, words, and sentences in context, based on auditory cues and cognitive processes.
Speech perception is the process by which the brain interprets and understands spoken language. It involves recognizing and discriminating speech sounds (phonemes), organizing them into words, and attaching meaning to those words in order to comprehend spoken language. This process requires the integration of auditory information with prior knowledge and context. Factors such as hearing ability, cognitive function, and language experience can all impact speech perception.
Indole
"Olfactory Perception in Humans". Olfactory Perception in Humans. Retrieved 20 October 2020. Lee, Jung Goo (21 October 2019). " ...
Olfactory memory
2006). Learning to smell: Olfactory perception from neurobiology to behavior.. Baltimore, MD, US: Johns Hopkins University ... In mammals, each olfactory receptor protein has one type of molecule that it responds to, known as the one-olfactory-one-neuron ... Maternal olfactory learning occurs due to the high state of plasticity and flux within the olfactory system during pregnancy ... Olfactory deficits have been found in patients with mental disorders and there is evidence suggesting that olfactory deficits ...
Perfume (novel)
Shifting Worlds of Olfactory Perception". KulturPoetik. 15 (1): 70-104. doi:10.13109/kult.2015.15.1.70. JSTOR 24369777. ... According to Rindisbacher, the work "gathered together and phrased in popular terms the state of the art of olfactory and ... Grenouille manufactures perfumes which successfully distort the public perception of him from a wretched "caveman" into a clean ... coupled with his assistance in finding her hidden money through his olfactory ability, cause Madame to believe he is psychic. ...
Anosmia
Olfactory Perception from Neurobiology to Behavior. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8368-2. (Pages ... In contrast, a permanent loss of smell may be caused by death of olfactory receptor neurons in the nose or by brain injury in ... August 2020). "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus ... Schwartz BS, Doty RL, Monroe C, Frye R, Barker S (May 1989). "Olfactory function in chemical workers exposed to acrylate and ...
Hallucination
Leopold D (September 2002). "Distortion of olfactory perception: diagnosis and treatment". Chemical Senses. 27 (7): 611-615. ... A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the qualities of a real perception. ... "Distorted olfactory perception: a systematic review". Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 132 Suppl 1 (S1): S27-S31. doi:10.3109/ ... olfactory hallucinations), smelling an odor that is not actually there, and parosmia (olfactory illusions), inhaling a real ...
Gregory Jefferis
"Neural Basis of Olfactory Perception in Drosophila". "ERC Consolidator Grants 2014" (PDF). "The Royal Society - Francis Crick ... He was awarded a PhD in Neurosciences for his work on the 'Wiring specificity in the olfactory system of Drosophila' in 2003, ... Stephen Xavier Edward Jefferis is a British neuroscientist known for his work on the circuit basis of olfactory perception in ... His PhD uncovered principles of brain development using the olfactory system of the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster. He ...
Retronasal smell
Wilson, Donald A.; Stevenson, Richard J. (2006-05-11). Learning to Smell: Olfactory Perception from Neurobiology to Behavior. ... the olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium, mitral cells, and olfactory pyramidal neurons. At the level of the ... Rozin, Paul (1982-07-01). ""Taste-smell confusions" and the duality of the olfactory sense". Perception & Psychophysics. 31 (4 ... The first stop in the olfactory system is the olfactory epithelium, or tissue resting on the roof of the nasal cavity which ...
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
"SCENTS AND SENSIBILITY: A MOLECULAR LOGIC OF OLFACTORY PERCEPTION" (PDF). Nobel Lecture. The Nobel Prize Committee. Retrieved ...
Peter de Cupere
... olfactory perceptions, The Word Magazine Peter de Cupere: Scent in Context: Olfactory Art, Critique d'Art Peter de Cupere's " ... "Three Belgian scent specialists discuss cities' olfactory perceptions - The Word Magazine". thewordmagazine.com. 30 June 2017. ... Smell App Is A Dream Come True For Olfactory Artist Peter De Cupere, Huffington Post, 2013 Peter De Cupere: Olfactory Art Peter ... Peter de Cupere (born 1970 in Leuven, Belgium) is an olfactory artist who lives and works in Antwerp. De Cupere creates work ...
Rachel Sarah Herz
Herz, R.S., & von Clef, J. (2001). "The influence of verbal labeling on the perception of odors: Evidence for olfactory ... Carskadon, M., & Herz, R.S. (2004). "Minimal olfactory perception during sleep: Why odor alarms will not work for humans." ... Herz, R.S. (2003). "The effect of verbal context in olfactory perception", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, ... Herz, R.S. (2005). "The unique interaction between language and olfactory perception and cognition", Trends in Experimental ...
Neurogastronomy
Rozin, Paul (1982). ""Taste-smell confusions" and the duality of the olfactory sense". Perception and Psychophysics. 31 (4): ... J., Stevenson, Richard (2010-01-01). Learning to Smell Olfactory Perception from Neurobiology to Behavior. Johns Hopkins ... Color perception heavily influences the word choice describing a flavor; the color of word's semantic reference is often ... Odor receptors that respond to a dimension within a molecular receptive range are aggregated by glomeruli in the olfactory bulb ...
Disgust
"Huntington's disease patients show impaired perception of disgust in the gustatory and olfactory modalities". The Journal of ... The anterior insula is an olfactory and gustatory center that controls visceral sensations and the related autonomic responses ... Liu, Yunzhe; Lin, Wanjun; Xu, Pengfei; Zhang, Dandan; Luo, Yuejia (2015). "Neural basis of disgust perception in racial ... 1996). "Loss of disgust: Perception of faces and emotions in Huntington's disease". Brain. 119 (5): 1647-1665. doi:10.1093/ ...
Permutatude theory
Written in 1990). Nalls, G. (2007). The importance of natural olfactory stimulation on the perception of well-being and ...
Leslie M. Kay
Her dissertation was titled Dynamic Interaction of Olfactory and Limbic Systems during Olfactory Perception. From 1995 to 2000 ... Kay, L.M. and Freeman, W.J. (1998) Bidirectional processing in the olfactory-limbic axis during olfactory behavior. Behavioral ... Rojas-Líbano, D., Frederick, D.E., Egaña, J.I. and Kay, L.M. (2014) The olfactory bulb theta rhythm follows all frequencies of ... Kay, L.M. and Beshel, J. (2010) A beta oscillation network supports a gamma oscillation mode in the rat olfactory system during ...
Olfactory bulb
Odor perception and discrimination also involve the OFC. The spatial odor map in the glomeruli layer of the olfactory bulb may ... Additionally, top down input to the olfactory bulb differentially affects olfactory outputs. The olfactory bulb sends olfactory ... Therefore, the olfactory bulb plays this role for the olfactory system. In vertebrates, the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), ... As a neural circuit, the olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory ...
Androstenone
"Olfactory Event-Related Potentials Reflect Individual Differences in Odor Valence Perception". Chemical Senses. 31 (8): 705-711 ... as it is true of over 80 olfactory compounds. To animals, the smell of androstenone can act as a social sign of dominance and ... The vomeronasal organ is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ responsible for the detection of pheromones as more than just an ... "Genetic variation in a human odorant receptor alters odour perception". Nature. 449 (7161): 468-472. Bibcode:2007Natur.449.. ...
The Nose (Gogol short story)
A literal interpretation suggests that Gogol's story is about the importance of olfactory perception, which is obscured in ... Klymentiev, Maksym (2009). "The Dark Side of 'The Nose': The Paradigms of Olfactory Perception in Gogol's 'The Nose'". Canadian ... And yet he is deeply upset when he loses his nose, which shows that olfactory sensation is still important despite Western ... thoughts as opposed to the former modern man perception noted for its self-interest consciousness. The story juxtaposes the ...
Hyles lineata
As adults, they use both visual and olfactory perception to locate plants from which they collect nectar. Larvae show wide ... Though it was originally assumed that hawk moths relied primarily on olfactory cues to locate flowers, due to their prevalence ... Though vision is a key component of H. lineata physiology, they do also have strong olfactory capabilities. They have been ...
Research Domain Criteria
For example, Visual Perception, Auditory Perception, and Olfactory/Somatosensory/Multimodal perception as subconstructs of the ... person perception) and that are more amenable to neuroscience approaches. Develop reliable and valid measures of these ... Perception construct. The RDoC methodology distinguishes itself from traditional systems of diagnostic criteria. Unlike ...
Sense of smell
There is no theory yet that explains olfactory perception completely. Flavor perception is an aggregation of auditory, taste, ... the output neurons from the olfactory bulb. Olfactory bulb sends this pattern to the olfactory cortex. Olfactory cortex is ... In humans and other vertebrates, smells are sensed by olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. The olfactory ... and these minimal inputs are combined to form a larger olfactory perception (similar to the way visual perception is built up ...
Christiane Linster
"Odor perception and olfactory bulb plasticity in adult mammals". Journal of neurophysiology 101.5 (2009): 2204-2209. Retrieved ... the two main neuromodulators for olfactory sensory processing in the adult main olfactory bulb (OB), aid in discrimination ... "Cholinergic modulation in the olfactory bulb influences spontaneous olfactory discrimination in adult rats". European Journal ... findings show that the OB is a highly plastic structure that is directly modulated by olfactory experience and the perception ...
Body odor
However, it has been argued that humans may have larger brain areas associated with olfactory perception compared to other ... Humans have few olfactory receptor cells compared to dogs and few functional olfactory receptor genes compared to rats. This is ... The perception and integration of these signals is an evolutionary response that allows newborns to locate their source of ... Once the olfactory system is activated by a threatening stimuli, heightened activity in the amygdala and occipital cortex is ...
Vomeronasal organ
Witt M, Hummel T (2006). Vomeronasal versus olfactory epithelium: is there a cellular basis for human vomeronasal perception?. ... Unlike the main olfactory bulb that sends neuronal signals to the olfactory cortex, the VNO sends neuronal signals to the ... The main olfactory sensory neurons fire single burst action potentials and show a much quicker adaptation rate. Activating ... Keller M, Baum MJ, Brock O, Brennan PA, Bakker J (June 2009). "The main and the accessory olfactory systems interact in the ...
Human vestigiality
Likewise, there is no evidence for any accessory olfactory bulb in adult human beings, and the key genes involved in VNO ... Is There a Cellular Basis for Human Vomeronasal Perception?. International Review of Cytology. Vol. 248. pp. 209-259. doi: ... Witt, M.; Hummel, T. (2006). Vomeronasal Versus Olfactory Epithelium: ... known as the accessory olfactory system. Many studies have been performed to find if there is an actual presence of a VNO in ...
Calcium-dependent chloride channel
These eukaryotic proteins are "required for normal electrolyte and fluid secretion, olfactory perception, and neuronal and ...
Tupaia (mammal)
The well-developed olfactory perception of treeshrews enables them to easily detect food among the leaf litter on the forest ...
Sniffing (behavior)
Olfactory Perception from Neurobiology to Behavior Johns Hopkins Press, 2006 The Neurobiology of Olfaction (Editor: Anna Menini ... Laing, D. G. (1983). "Natural sniffing gives optimum odour perception for humans". Perception. 12 (2): 99-117. doi:10.1068/ ... especially those disorders characterized by impaired motor function and olfactory perception. The behavior of sniffing ... In this loop, novel odor-evoked sniffing behavior can occur rapidly upon perception of a novel odor, one of interest, or an ...
Moonglow (comics)
... had the ability to cast convincing three dimensional audio-visual-olfactory-tactile illusions by modifying the perceptions of ...
Gas chromatography-olfactometry
The properties of a compound relating to human olfactory perception includes its odour quality, threshold and intensity as a ... The intensity of perception of a compound is positively correlated with its concentration. It is represented by the unique ... detection of compounds allows the assessment of the relationship between a quantified substance and the human perception of its ...
Epidemiology of representations
This is sensory-specific (i.e. visual-, acoustic-, tactile-, and olfactory perception etc.) and task or reasoning specific (i.e ... a visual perception of a stimulus that leads to a mental representation of the stimulus that triggered it. Here is an example ... "face perception module". Epidemiology of representations states that there must be a SCCC, the mechanism inter-linking a mental ... perception, inference, remembering, and the carrying out of an intention). More generally, it links something that can be ...
Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures | bioRxiv
Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures. Gautam Reddy, Joseph Zak, ... Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures ... Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures ... Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures ...
Astrocyte processing of serotonin regulates olfactory perception | NRI
Research has shown a great deal of the changes that occur in neurons during olfactory, or smell, perception, but what are the ... Research has shown a great deal of the changes that occur in neurons during olfactory, or smell, perception, but what are the ... Astrocyte processing of serotonin regulates olfactory perception To enjoy the scent of morning coffee and freshly baked cookies ... Olfactory stimulation triggered an increase of serotonin transporter Slc22a3 on the astrocytes, which mediated serotonin ...
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Loop | Publication Impact | Non-invasive High Frequency Median Nerve Stimulation Effectively Suppresses Olfactory Intensity...
olfactory receptors News Research Articles
olfactory receptors from Neuroscience News features breaking science news from research labs, scientists and colleges around ... Extensive Variability in Olfactory Receptors Influences Human Odor Perception. Researchers discover as much as 30% of the ... A pheromone released by female zebrafish is sensed by the olfactory receptors of males, a new study reports.. Read More ... Researchers report that in the future, olfactory receptors could serve as a target for liver cancer diagnosis and treatments.. ...
Neural dynamics of olfactory perception: Low- And high-frequency modulations of local field potential spectra in mice revealed...
Neural dynamics of olfactory perception: Low- And high-frequency modulations of local field potential spectra in mice revealed ... Neural dynamics of olfactory perception: Low- And high-frequency modulations of local field potential spectra in mice revealed ... Neural dynamics of olfactory perception: Low- And high-frequency modulations of local field potential spectra in mice revealed ... Neural dynamics of olfactory perception : Low- And high-frequency modulations of local field potential spectra in mice revealed ...
Olfactory shifts linked to postpartum depression | Scientific Reports
The present study addresses this research gap by assessing differences in olfactory abilities between 39 depressed mothers, who ... The assessments include two olfactory testing sessions conducted 4-weeks apart, each comprising a standard odour detection ... threshold test (i.e., Snap & Sniff Olfactory Test System), and intensity and valence ratings for 3 ... Research on olfactory hedonic perception has particular importance for understanding depression, as this perception is closely ...
Table of Contents - February 23, 2011, 31 (8) | Journal of Neuroscience
Synapse Loss in Olfactory Local Interneurons Modifies Perception Angel Acebes, Alfonso Martín-Peña, Valérie Chevalier and ... Olfactory Marker Protein Is Critical for Functional Maturation of Olfactory Sensory Neurons and Development of Mother ... The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception ...
Frontiers | A Conserved Odorant Receptor Detects the Same 1-Indanone Analogs in a Tortricid and a Noctuid Moth
Perception of olfactory cues plays a fundamental role in insect life, and the olfactory system has evolved through adaptations ... Su, C. Y., Menuz, K., and Carlson, J. R. (2009). Olfactory perception: receptors, cells, and circuits. Cell 139, 45-59. doi: ... This suggests that olfactory systems have evolved rapidly to enable perception of relevant odor signals. Selection drives the ... The olfactory and behavioral responses of codling moth and cotton leafworm to host and non-host plants have been studied ...
SciELO - CoDAS, Volume: 30, Issue: 5, Published: 2018
Differential Combinatorial Coding of Pheromones in Two Olfactory Subsystems of the Honey Bee Brain | Journal of Neuroscience
2011) Behavioral and neurophysiological study of olfactory perception and learning in honeybees. Front Syst Neurosci 5:98, doi: ... The bee olfactory circuit is organized in two parallel olfactory subsystems (Galizia and Rössler, 2010): following detection by ... 2006) Dual olfactory pathway in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. J Comp Neurol 499:933-952, doi:10.1002/cne.21158, pmid:17072827. ... 2014) Olfactory coding in the insect brain: data and conjectures. Eur J Neurosci 39:1784-1795, doi:10.1111/ejn.12558, pmid: ...
Designing with Smell | Practices, Techniques and Challenges | Victoria
Olfactory Control, Aroma Power and Organizational Smellscapes BySamantha Warren, Kathleen Riach. ... Experiential Learning and Olfactory Architectures Accommodating Smell in Teaching Practices in the Built Environment ... This is crucial reading for students, academics and practitioners working in olfactory design. ...
PDF) An Olfactory Stimulus Modifies Nighttime Sleep in Young Men and Women
However, whether olfactory exposure to essential oils affects night-time... , Find, read and cite all the research you need on ... Carskadon, M.A., Herz, R.S. (2004). Minimal olfactory perception during sleep: why odor alarms will ... thereby preventing the odors from provoking a conscious perception during sleep. At the same time, olfactory stimulation during ... thereby preventing the odors from provoking a conscious perception during sleep. At the same time, olfactory stimulation during ...
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olfaction News Research Articles
... in olfactory perception or smell detection. The research reveals that during olfactory stimulation, serotonin transporter ... Sniffing Out the Truth: Astrocytes Serotonin Processing Plays Essential Role in Olfactory Perception. ... AI Cracks the Code on Odor Perception. Researchers unravel the mysteries of smell using machine learning. Their AI model has ... A key brain region, the mushroom body, integrates olfactory information and assigns values to odors, but the link to motor ...
Scales of action: An example of driving and car talk in Germany and North America | Request PDF
What is a mode? Smell, olfactory perception, and the notion of mode in multimodal mediated theory ... explicating that the mode of smell is not synonymous with olfactory perception, even though modal development of smell is ... Our perception of our everyday interactions is shaped by more than what is said. From coffee with friends to interviews, ... certainly partially dependent upon olfactory perception. As I am ostensibly focusing on the one mode, I once again problematize ...
New Canadian Money Smells Like Syrup, Melts in Heat - ABC News
Psychology, Experimental, M.A. | Middle Tennessee State University
... olfactory perception of household and social communication odors in cis and trans individuals; the impact of COVID and COVID ... Our current projects include: the impact of olfactory information and body odor in the workplace; the impact of diet on human ... Models of attention, perception, memory, language, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. Issues in cognitive ... Models of attention, perception, memory, language, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. Issues in cognitive ...
Psychology, Experimental, M.A. | Middle Tennessee State University
... olfactory perception of household and social communication odors in cis and trans individuals; the impact of COVID and COVID ... Our current projects include: the impact of olfactory information and body odor in the workplace; the impact of diet on human ... Models of attention, perception, memory, language, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. Issues in cognitive ... Models of attention, perception, memory, language, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. Issues in cognitive ...
Post-COVID-19 persistent olfactory, gustatory, and trigeminal chemosensory disorders: Definitions, mechanisms, and potential...
Post-COVID-19 persistent olfactory, gustatory, and trigeminal chemosensory disorders: Definitions, mechanisms, and potential ... Figure 1 Olfactory perception and its pathways. There are two routes for odor perception: The orthonasal and retronasal routes ... The olfactory information is carried out from the olfactory neuroepithelium, nerves, bulb, and brain. The olfactory mucosa is ... The main olfactory system which carries out perception of volatile odorants; (2) the accessory olfactory system which carries ...
Frontiers | Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Obesity and Its Relation to Metabolic Health Status
Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate ... Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate ... We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) ... We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) ...
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Context-dependent reversal of odorant preference is driven by inversion of the response in a single sensory neuron type | PLOS...
... engagement of distinct intracellular signaling pathways within a single sensory neuron type is sufficient to switch olfactory ... Odor-evoked inhibition of olfactory sensory neurons drives olfactory perception in Drosophila. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1357. pmid: ... Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures. Elife. 2018;7:e34958. pmid: ... The Ga protein ODR-3 mediates olfactory and nociceptive function and controls cilium morphogenesis in C. elegans olfactory ...
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Smells Ring Bells: How Smell Triggers Memories and Emotions | Psychology Today
Herz RS & von Clef J. The influence of verbal labeling on the perception of odors: evidence for olfactory illusions? Perception ... The olfactory bulb has direct connections to two brain areas that are strongly implicated in emotion and memory: the amygdala ... Incoming smells are first processed by the olfactory bulb, which starts inside the nose and runs along the bottom of the brain ... While in the scanner, participants were exposed to sequences of both visual and olfactory stimuli. The visual stimuli included ...
NeuronsStimulationEating behaviorBulbSensory perceptionRespiratory and olfactoryStimuliOdorantOdorsReceptorsNasalCuesCortex2020Neural circuitsPathwaysIntensity PerceptionSmellsSystemNerveAbilitiesOlfactionImpairmentRetronasalCorrelatesBrainSubconsciousDetectionVisual PerceptionDiscriminationSensesAstrocytesHoney beeDifferencesSignalsSense of smScentOccurConsistentlyExposureHumanStimulusEvaluate
Neurons19
- Research has shown a great deal of the changes that occur in neurons during olfactory, or smell, perception, but what are the astrocyte responses and how they contribute to the sensory experience remains unclear. (texaschildrens.org)
- Previous studies have shown that under natural conditions in a living animal, olfactory stimulation of the brain activates neurons first, which changes the genes these neurons express to be able to mediate the olfactory sensation," said first author Dr. Debosmita Sardar , a postdoctoral associate in Dr. Benjamin Deneen 's lab at Baylor. (texaschildrens.org)
- Interestingly, serotonin regulates the expression of astrocyte genes involved in the production of the neurotransmitter GABA, which then feeds back to neurons regulating the neural circuit fundamental to sensory perception. (texaschildrens.org)
- Specifically, once olfactory information emerges via first-order sensory neurons at the nasal mucosa proximal to the olfactory bulb (OB), it is conveyed to the anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, and amygdala, which together constitute the primary olfactory cortex. (nature.com)
- We find that while medium-chain alcohols inhibit the AWC olfactory neurons to drive attraction, these alcohols instead activate AWC to promote avoidance when presented in the background of a second AWC-sensed odorant. (plos.org)
- Although mechanisms operating at the level of single sensory neuron types or sensilla in the periphery have also been implicated in this process [ 14 - 21 ], the contributions of sensory neurons to mediating odorant discrimination and olfactory behavioral plasticity are not fully understood. (plos.org)
- 2022. Distinct representation of cue-outcome association by D1 and D2 neurons in the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle. (harvard.edu)
- The research team can activate single receptor neurons out of 28 olfactory neurons in the larvae for this sensory perception. (sciencedaily.com)
- The olfactory neurons of the only one millimeter sized genetically modified Drosophila larvae are all capable of producing the protein that is activated by light. (sciencedaily.com)
- The experiment shows that it is possible by inserting photo activated proteins into neurons photo stimulation can produce an olfactory behavior in these larvae , whereas genetically unchanged larvae generally avoid light. (sciencedaily.com)
- Odor perception in mammals begins when olfactory sensory neurons in the animal's nose detect an odor molecule and then transmit that information to the brain. (science20.com)
- The first brain area to receive these signals is the olfactory bulb, where the sensory neurons end in small structures called glomeruli. (science20.com)
- Olfactory cues trigger complex patterns of activity both in the olfactory sensory neurons and in the glomeruli within the brain. (science20.com)
- The authors simultaneously used a natural behavioral response and optical imaging to measure responses of neurons in the olfactory bulb, where odor signals sent from the nose are processed. (science20.com)
- FGF8 and FGFR1 also play a role in a group of nerve cells that are specialized to process smells (olfactory neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
- These neurons migrate from the developing nose to a structure at the front of the brain called the olfactory bulb, which is critical for the perception of odors. (medlineplus.gov)
- Studies suggest that a shortage of functional FGF8 disrupts the migration and survival of olfactory neurons and GnRH-producing neurons in the developing brain. (medlineplus.gov)
- As humans age, the number of olfactory neurons steadily decreases. (medscape.com)
- In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
Stimulation6
- Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and collaborating institutions report in the journal Science the responses of astrocytes to olfactory stimulation, revealing a new mechanism that is required to maintain astrocyte-neuron communication and process olfactory sensation. (texaschildrens.org)
- In this study, we investigated what occurred to astrocytes following neural activity during olfactory stimulation and uncovered changes that had not been described before. (texaschildrens.org)
- Olfactory stimulation triggered an increase of serotonin transporter Slc22a3 on the astrocytes, which mediated serotonin transport into the cells. (texaschildrens.org)
- These results suggest that olfactory stimulation induce LFP oscillations both in the peripheral and central nervous systems and suggest the possibility of linkage of LFP oscillations in the brain to the oscillations in the peripheral olfactory system. (elsevierpure.com)
- The research reveals that during olfactory stimulation, serotonin transporter Slc22a3 in astrocytes mediates serotonin transport into the cells, influencing gene expression. (neurosciencenews.com)
- The sense of smell is mediated through stimulation of the olfactory receptor cells by volatile chemicals. (medscape.com)
Eating behavior2
- Smell perception plays an important role in eating behavior and might be involved in body weight gain. (frontiersin.org)
- Moreover, we obtained psychophysiological data on olfactory ability (Sniffin' Sticks, Food associated odor test) and self-report measurements on eating behavior. (frontiersin.org)
Bulb8
- We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m 2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). (frontiersin.org)
- Incoming smells are first processed by the olfactory bulb, which starts inside the nose and runs along the bottom of the brain. (psychologytoday.com)
- The olfactory bulb has direct connections to two brain areas that are strongly implicated in emotion and memory: the amygdala and hippocampus. (psychologytoday.com)
- The respiratory trace (red, above) of a rat recorded during odor discriminations is overlaid on a main olfactory bulb calcium response map (below) of the odorant eugenol (from clove oil). (science20.com)
- The timing of behavioral responses to odors shows that odor discrimination must take place before the activity pattern in the olfactory bulb has fully developed. (science20.com)
- These results led the authors to conclude that odorant identity is likely to be encoded by the sequence of responses in the olfactory bulb (rather than the pattern of peak activation or later temporal features). (science20.com)
- Alternatively, the earliest-activated glomeruli within the olfactory bulb, which are not necessarily the most strongly activated overall, might contribute preferentially to the coding of odorant identity. (science20.com)
- If olfactory nerve cells do not extend to the olfactory bulb, a person's sense of smell will be impaired or absent. (medlineplus.gov)
Sensory perception3
- Loss or distortions of sensory perception can be important signs of depressive disorders. (nature.com)
- The CCHamide 1 receptor modulates sensory perception and olfactory behavior in starved Drosophila. (mpg.de)
- Trocken will probably never be the greatest strength of this vineyard, although fresh and sweet pear flavours have been favourably partnered with a fine yet firm acidity to flatter the sensory perception. (jancisrobinson.com)
Respiratory and olfactory2
- Through a 3D computer model and simulations, it was observed that inhaled air splits into two distinct streams within a cat's nose, aiding both respiratory and olfactory functions. (neurosciencenews.com)
- In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
Stimuli4
- These olfactory illusions are usually triggered by emotional stimuli. (go.com)
- While in the scanner, participants were exposed to sequences of both visual and olfactory stimuli. (psychologytoday.com)
- The olfactory stimuli included the participant's chosen perfume (the experimental odor - "EO") and the unmarketed perfume (the control odor - "CO"). (Sometimes in research, you have to do strange things. (psychologytoday.com)
- It is an active process and requires that we process information with both "bottom-up" and "top-down" processing, meaning that we are not only directed by the stimuli that we receive (passive, bottom-up processing) but that we expect and anticipate certain stimuli that control perception (active, top-up processing). (cognifit.com)
Odorant2
- This context-dependent reversal of odorant preference is driven by cell-autonomous inversion of the response to these alcohols in the single AWC olfactory neuron pair. (plos.org)
- Increasing evidence highlights the importance of sniffing behavior in olfactory coding after the olfactory receptor sheet within the nose is exposed to an odor molecule (odorant). (science20.com)
Odors3
- A key brain region, the mushroom body, integrates olfactory information and assigns values to odors, but the link to motor actions was unclear. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Upending existing theories of perception, Smellosophy offers a new model for understanding how the brain senses and processes odors. (harvard.edu)
- Barwich melds a philosophical perspective with a rich history of olfactory science, tackling big questions with layers of perceptual, psychological, and neurobiological explanations…She offers rich discussions of olfactory perception, the conscious and subconscious impacts of smell on behavior and emotion, and the physical and behavioral details that determine what odors we inhale, furnishing broad insights into the psychology of olfaction. (harvard.edu)
Receptors7
- Researchers discover as much as 30% of the larger array of human olfactory receptors differ between individuals. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Researchers report that in the future, olfactory receptors could serve as a target for liver cancer diagnosis and treatments. (neurosciencenews.com)
- A pheromone released by female zebrafish is sensed by the olfactory receptors of males, a new study reports. (neurosciencenews.com)
- These perceptions can be acquired through olfactory receptors. (e-architect.com)
- These results thus unambiguously prove that it is this electronic surface structure of a molecule that determines the interaction between a scent molecule and its olfactory receptors-and thus defines its fragrance. (innovations-report.com)
- It is a specialized pseudostratified neuroepithelium containing the primary olfactory receptors. (medscape.com)
- To stimulate the olfactory receptors, airborne molecules must pass through the nasal cavity with relatively turbulent air currents and contact the receptors. (medscape.com)
Nasal2
- The olfactory neuroepithelium is located at the upper area of each nasal chamber adjacent to the cribriform plate, superior nasal septum, and superior-lateral nasal wall. (medscape.com)
- Taken together with anatomical differences between rodent and human airways and the lack of evidence for styrene metabolism in human nasal tissue, the results strongly suggest that at these concentrations, styrene is not an olfactory toxicant in humans. (cdc.gov)
Cues1
- A particularly critical task of the olfactory system is to discriminate among related chemical cues. (plos.org)
Cortex2
- We particularly focused on the neural oscillations of local field potential (LFP) in olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory blub (OB), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (HC) during an olfactory oddball paradigm in urethane anesthetized mice. (elsevierpure.com)
- The area of the brain responsible for visual perception is the occipital lobe (primary visual cortex V1 and secondary visual cortex V2). (cognifit.com)
20201
- 2020. Rapid learning of odor-value association in the olfactory striatum. (harvard.edu)
Neural circuits2
- In turn, this reduced the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of GABA and decreased astrocytic GABA release, which disturbed the neural circuits of olfactory sensation. (texaschildrens.org)
- Finally, we are also interested in understanding how neural circuits in the olfactory system are modified by behavioral state, experience and learning. (harvard.edu)
Pathways1
- Interestingly, the honey bee olfactory system harbors two central parallel pathways, whose functions remain largely unknown. (jneurosci.org)
Intensity Perception1
- Findings from the study suggest that, while PPD has little effect on the early stages of olfactory processing, these conditions may have stronger influence on higher-order olfactory perception, including both hedonic and intensity perception. (nature.com)
Smells1
- Smells are perceptions. (e-architect.com)
System4
- Snap & Sniff Olfactory Test System), and intensity and valence ratings for 3 "pleasant" and 3 "unpleasant" odorants. (nature.com)
- Thus, the olfactory system came into focus as an important contributor to unintentional weight gain. (frontiersin.org)
- On this notion, it has been shown that individuals with obesity show several alterations in the olfactory system. (frontiersin.org)
- Barwich writes with charm and precision about our preconceptions of how the olfactory system works and how it is different from the other sensory mechanisms that keep us alive and (relatively) safe…An illuminating discussion of the interface between the logical coherence of philosophy and the empirical disciplines of science. (harvard.edu)
Nerve1
- Head anatomy with olfactory nerve. (medscape.com)
Abilities4
- The present study addresses this research gap by assessing differences in olfactory abilities between 39 depressed mothers, who were within the perinatal period (i.e., during pregnancy and up to 1-year post pregnancy) and assessed with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and their case-matched healthy volunteers. (nature.com)
- Some recent studies have sought to address the potential link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and shifts in olfactory abilities. (nature.com)
- Previous studies also demonstrate superior olfactory abilities in women. (researchgate.net)
- Researchers have uncovered the intricate structure within a cat's nose that aids in their exceptional olfactory abilities. (neurosciencenews.com)
Olfaction1
- Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)
Impairment4
- [ 3 ] A 2002 study showed that the prevalence of objective olfactory impairment in adults older than 53 years is 24.5% and grows more prevalent with age, reaching 62.5 % in those aged 80-97 years. (medscape.com)
- Extrapolating from these values, there are currently 14 million older adults with some degree of olfactory impairment. (medscape.com)
- Background: Impairment of olfactory function in humans has been associated with occupational exposure to volatile chemicals. (cdc.gov)
- Conclusions: The present study found no evidence among a cross-section of reinforcedplastics industry workers that current or historical exposure to styrene was associated with impairment of olfactory function. (cdc.gov)
Retronasal1
- Methods: Olfactory function was assessed using a standardized battery that included tests of threshold sensitivity for phenylethyl alcohol (PEA), odor identification ability, and retronasal odor perception. (cdc.gov)
Correlates2
- However, neural correlates of hypo- or anosmia in olfactory disorder patients are poorly known. (elsevierpure.com)
- Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. (frontiersin.org)
Brain5
- Recent brain connectome studies have evidenced distinct and overlapping brain regions involved in processing olfactory perception. (elsevierpure.com)
- Indeed, brain networks involved in olfactory function and in the development of depression overlap to a large degree 13 . (nature.com)
- These findings support the combinatorial coding scheme and suggest that higher-order brain centers reading out these combinatorial activity patterns may eventually classify olfactory signals according to their biological meaning. (jneurosci.org)
- Researchers shed light on the role of astrocytes, a type of brain cell, in olfactory perception or smell detection. (neurosciencenews.com)
- In this way, the brain takes incoming information about the world and stitches it into useful perceptions . (thesaurus.com)
Subconscious2
- Offers rich discussions of olfactory perception, the conscious and subconscious impacts of smell on behavior and emotion. (harvard.edu)
- Flick awoke by one of those subconscious mental perceptions that the Society for Psychical Research is at present investigating. (thesaurus.com)
Detection2
- The assessments include two olfactory testing sessions conducted 4-weeks apart, each comprising a standard odour detection threshold test (i.e. (nature.com)
- SE = 0.4) in terms of olfactory detection threshold. (nature.com)
Visual Perception1
- Does Timbre Modulate Visual Perception? (jbpierce.org)
Discrimination1
- Topics emphasized include visual acuity, color perception, and olfactory and auditory discrimination. (abainternational.org)
Senses1
- Perception is the ability to capture, process, and actively make sense of the information that our senses receive . (cognifit.com)
Astrocytes1
- Serotonin triggers changes in astrocyte gene expression patterns, turning astrocytes into a hub of olfactory sensation processing," Sardar said. (texaschildrens.org)
Honey bee1
- Experience-dependent tuning of early olfactory processing in the adult honey bee, Apis mellifera . (bvsalud.org)
Differences2
- Therefore, this study investigated the effects of an olfactory stimulus on subsequent sleep and assessed gender differences in such effects. (researchgate.net)
- Results: No differences were observed between exposed workers and controls on tests of olfactory function. (cdc.gov)
Signals1
- This suggests that olfactory systems have evolved rapidly to enable perception of relevant odor signals. (frontiersin.org)
Sense of sm1
- A second factor relating the sense of smell to depression is that flavour perception plays a vital role in determining an individual's appetite and eating behaviour. (nature.com)
Scent1
- An olfactory receptor responds to a scent molecule when it fits into the receptor's binding cavity. (innovations-report.com)
Occur2
Consistently1
- no easy matter to do, consistently with their perceptions of colours and fitness. (thesaurus.com)
Exposure1
- However, whether olfactory exposure to essential oils affects night-time objective sleep remains untested. (researchgate.net)
Human2
- Human olfactory perception is sensitive to putrescine, and putrescine may exert some subtle psychological effects on human cognition. (springer.com)
- Log scales can be useful because some types of human perception are logarithmic. (thesaurus.com)
Stimulus1
- Subjects received an intermittent presentation (first 2 min of each 10 min interval) of an olfactory (lavender oil) or a control (distilled water) stimulus between 23:10 and 23:40 h. (researchgate.net)
Evaluate1
- The present study is the first to evaluate associations between olfactory function and PPD. (nature.com)
