Neuromuscular-blocking drug

Cisatracurium besilate

Atracurium besilate

Laudexium metilsulfate

Anhalinine

Dipyrandium

Dacuronium bromide

Enzyme inhibitor

Dihydrochandonium

Botulinum toxin

Flaccid paralysis

Malouetine

Alcuronium chloride

Euthanasia solution

Pancuronium bromide

Rapid sequence induction

Nicotinic antagonist

Dantrolene

Tubocurarine chloride

Anaphylaxis

James B. Preston

Neuromuscular monitoring

Mivacurium chloride

Amphotericin B

Candocuronium iodide

Tracheal intubation

Aminosteroid

Sugammadex

Death in Singapore

Amikacin

Anesthesia6

• In clinical use, neuromuscular block is used adjunctively to anesthesia to produce paralysis, firstly to paralyze the vocal cords, and permit endotracheal intubation, and secondly to optimize the surgical field by inhibiting spontaneous ventilation, and causing relaxation of skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
• as a primary anesthetic agent for the induction of anesthesia in patients undergoing general surgery in which endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation are required. (nih.gov)
• This medication is a neuromuscular-blocking agent, used as an adjuvant in anesthesia. (medindia.net)
• Neuromuscular blockade is a pharmacological adjunct for anesthesia and for surgical interventions. (aacnjournals.org)
• If an operation is particularly complex or requires a long anesthesia time, residual neuromuscular blockade can contribute to longer stays in the intensive care unit and more hours of mechanical ventilation. (aacnjournals.org)
• Surgery, anesthesia, and other interventions in critical care are facilitated by the use of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). (aacnjournals.org)

Blockers4

• These drugs fall into two groups: Non-depolarizing blocking agents: These agents constitute the majority of the clinically relevant neuromuscular blockers. (wikipedia.org)
• SA Health has updated its APINCH list to include some psychotropic medicines, epidural and intrathecal medicines and neuromuscular blockers. (sa.gov.au)
• They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). (bvsalud.org)
• Neuromuscular blockers can facilitate ease of instrumentation and reduce complications associated with intubation. (aacnjournals.org)

Blockade6

• In humans, administration of the drugs is not without risk and may result in accidental awareness under general anaesthesia and postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade. (awionline.org)
• They also revealed a low rate of neuromuscular monitoring (38%) and, correspondingly, a very high incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) and associated complications. (hindawi.com)
• An undesirable sequela of these agents is residual neuromuscular blockade. (aacnjournals.org)
• Residual neuromuscular blockade is linked to aspiration, diminished response to hypoxia, and obstruction of the upper airway that may occur soon after extubation. (aacnjournals.org)
• 2 , 3 However, these medications are also associated with the risk for residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) after surgery (also termed postoperative residual curarization or PORC). (aacnjournals.org)
• OBJECTIVE: To update the 2002 version of ""Clinical practice guidelines for sustained neuromuscular blockade in the adult critically ill patient. (bvsalud.org)

NMBAs4

• Neuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
• 2 , 3 To manage and assess patients who received NMBAs during surgery or other procedures requires nurses to understand the current evidence on potential complications associated with these agents. (aacnjournals.org)
• NMBAs blunt or abolish the neuromuscular protective reflexes of coughing, gagging, and blinking. (aacnjournals.org)
• Why using Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs)? (usach.cl)

Skeletal neuromuscular junction1

• Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. (bvsalud.org)

Rocuronium2

• 2022. Comparison of the neuromuscular effects of two infusion rates of rocuronium in anesthetized pigs. (awionline.org)
• The two teens were treated with the neuromuscular blocking agent rocuronium because of symptom severity, and the two adults received pralidoxime because of the initial suspicion of possible organophosphate toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Junction2

• These agents inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle and/or autonomic ganglia. (medscape.com)
• OnabotulinumtoxinA prevents calcium-dependent release of acetylcholine and produces a state of denervation at the neuromuscular junction and postganglionic sympathetic cholinergic nerves in the sweat glands. (medscape.com)

Acetylcholine6

• Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder which is characterized by presence of antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) or other proteins of the postsynaptic membrane resulting in damage to postsynaptic membrane, decreased number of AChRs or blocking of the receptors by autoantibodies. (nih.gov)
• Muscle relaxants inhibit neuron transmission to muscle by blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. (wikipedia.org)
• Describe how cholinesterase inhibitors, including organophosphorus compounds ( e.g., pesticides, nerve agents) and carbamates block the ability of acetylcholinesterase to break down acetylcholine. (cdc.gov)
• Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (which, for brevity, we will refer to as cholinesterase inhibitors) are chemicals whose primary toxic effect is to block the normal breakdown of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine . (cdc.gov)
• They do this by occupying and blocking the site where the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine , attaches to the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase . (cdc.gov)
• With toxic doses, the result is that excessive levels of the acetylcholine build up in the synapses and neuromuscular junctions and glands. (cdc.gov)

Blocker2

• A neuromuscular non-depolarizing agent is a form of neuromuscular blocker that does not depolarize the motor end plate. (wikipedia.org)
• The ultrashort-acting neuromuscular blocker,gantacurium, and other fumarates rapidly combine with L-cysteine in vitro to form less active degrada-tion products (adducts). (brainkart.com)

Intubation1

• It is also advantageous in cases where intubation is necessary but neuromuscular block is not required to facilitate surgical access 1, 2 . (ijpsr.com)

NMBA3

• This presentation covers how to manage neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) shortages. (sccm.org)
• Two previously published audits [ 1 , 2 ] comparing the "pre-" and "post-"Sugammadex practice of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) use and reversal in 2011 identified an approximate 50% decline in the use of neostigmine since introduction of Sugammadex. (hindawi.com)
• This project aimed to gather information about the practice of neuromuscular monitoring, NMBA, and reversal use and the incidence of RNMB. (hindawi.com)

Inhibits3

• Erythromycin is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. (medscape.com)
• Tetracycline is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibits protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
• Vancomycin is a bactericidal agent that inhibits cell wall and RNA synthesis. (medscape.com)

Depolarizing5

• Neuromuscular blocking drugs are often classified into two broad classes: Pachycurares, which are bulky molecules with nondepolarizing activity Leptocurares, which are thin and flexible molecules that tend to have depolarizing activity. (wikipedia.org)
• They all exhibit a depolarizing block. (wikipedia.org)
• Most of the agents in this category would also be classified as non-depolarizing. (wikipedia.org)
• Depolarizing blocking agents: These agents act by depolarizing the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle fiber. (wikipedia.org)
• Pyrantel pamoate is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. (medscape.com)

Fumarates1

• Fumarates: unique nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents that are antagonized by cysteine. (cornell.edu)

Aminosteroidal1

• We found that, in the 2.5 years since introduction of Sugammadex, more anesthetists (69.5 versus 38%) utilized neuromuscular monitoring, and aminosteroidal neuromuscular blocking agents were used in 94.3% of cases (versus 77% in 2011). (hindawi.com)

Medication1

• Benzoyl peroxide is a medication that has antibacterial effects and is a peeling agent . (medbroadcast.com)

Clindamycin2

• Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. (nih.gov)
• Clindamycin is a bacteriostatic agent that binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit. (medscape.com)

Clinical2

• Note: The actual clinical manifestations of an exposure to a nerve agent or an organophosphate pesticide may be more variable than the syndrome described in this document. (cdc.gov)
• Two departmental audits (26-page online survey and 1-week in-theatre snapshot audit) were undertaken to investigate the change of beliefs and clinical practice related to the use of neuromuscular blocking agents at the Royal Perth Hospital since this introduction. (hindawi.com)

Receptors2

• They act by competitively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptors, and in some cases, they also directly block the ionotropic activity of the ACh receptors. (wikipedia.org)
• Atenolol blocks beta-1 receptors, which are present on the heart. (medindia.net)

Inhalation2

• Among all inhalation agents, Sevoflurane has a low blood gas partition coefficient, and the relative absence of pungency, the non-irritant effect on the airways, less hypotension 3 , a pleasant smell makes successful rapid and smooth induction inhalation induction without using neuromuscular blocking agents 4 . (ijpsr.com)
• For example, inhalation of a nerve agent or an OP pesticide leads to a quicker onset of poisoning with more severe symptoms when compared to with dermal exposure s, given the same amount of agent. (cdc.gov)

Mechanism of act1

• Nerve agents are chemical warfare agents that have the same mechanism of action as OP organophosphate pesticides insecticides. (cdc.gov)

Onset1

• The amount and route of exposure to the nerve agent or OP pesticide, the type of nerve agent or pesticide, and the premorbid condition of the person exposed person will contribute to the time of onset and the severity of illness. (cdc.gov)

Manage1

• Manage with neuromuscular blocking agent. (nih.gov)

Patients3

• Normal sinus rhythm is usually not affected, but in patients with sick sinus syndrome, CALAN may interfere with sinus-node impulse generation and may induce sinus arrest or sinoatrial block. (nih.gov)
• Although tetracyclines are an alternative in patients who have a history of serious allergic reactions to penicillin or metronidazole (eg, urticaria, anaphylaxis), strong consideration should be given to desensitizing the patient to penicillin before resorting to alternative agents. (medscape.com)
• ASCO does not consider metoclopramide an appropriate first-line antiemetic for any group of patients receiving chemotherapy of high emetic risk and states that this drug should be reserved for patients unable to tolerate or refractory to first-line agents (i.e., a type 3 serotonin [5-HT 3 ] receptor antagonist [e.g., dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron, palonosetron] with dexamethasone and aprepitant). (drugs.com)

Adult1

• Mebendazole causes worm death by selectively and irreversibly blocking uptake of glucose and other nutrients in susceptible adult intestine where helminths dwell. (medscape.com)

Practice1

• The increasing use of neuromuscular blocking agents, also called muscle relaxants, significantly changed this practice. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)

Antineoplastic3

• Used parenterally in high doses for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy including cisplatin alone or in combination with other antineoplastic agents. (drugs.com)
• Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with other antineoplastic agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, doxorubicin, methotrexate) and with cancer chemotherapy regimens that do not include cisplatin. (drugs.com)
• An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and sarcoma. (theodora.com)

General1

• Drugs used to treat muscle spasm, rigidity, and tetanic seizures include sedative-hypnotic agents, general anesthetics, centrally acting muscle relaxants, and neuromuscular blocking agents. (medscape.com)

Prevent1

• Acenocoumarol is a blood thinner agent prescribed to treat or prevent the formation of blood clots or thrombus in the blood vessels helps by dissolving the blood clots and reducing the complication of thromboembolic disorders. (medindia.net)

Action1

• It blocks the action of cyclo-oxygenase responsible for causing pain and inflammation. (medindia.net)

Effects1

• In surgery, it was hailed as a superior preanesthetic agent, with fewer and milder side effects than those of older barbiturates. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)

Drug1

• Because the appropriate dose of neuromuscular-blocking drug may paralyze muscles required for breathing (i.e., the diaphragm), mechanical ventilation should be available to maintain adequate respiration. (wikipedia.org)

Muscle2

• Novel NMB agents In recent years much research has been devoted to new types of quaternary ammonium muscle relaxants. (wikipedia.org)
• Benzodiazepines are the most effective primary agents for muscle spasm prevention and work by enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition. (medscape.com)

Nerve agent4

• The purpose of this document is to enable health care workers and public health officials to recognize an unknown or suspected exposure to a nerve agent or an organophosphate (OP) pesticide. (cdc.gov)
• The following is a more comprehensive list of signs and symptoms that may be encountered in a person exposed to a nerve agent or OP pesticide. (cdc.gov)
• Plasma or RBC cholinesterase may be disproportionately inhibited depending on the particular nerve agent, amount of exposure and time interval since exposure. (cdc.gov)
• Figure 2 below shows how a cholinesterase inhibitor (in this case, a nerve agent) attaches to the serine hydroxyl group on acetylcholinesterase. (cdc.gov)

Doses1

• Parasite biochemical pathways are sufficiently different from the human host to allow selective interference by chemotherapeutic agents in relatively small doses. (medscape.com)