An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.
Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.
Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.
A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.
Disorder caused by motion, as sea sickness, train sickness, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. It may include nausea, vomiting and dizziness.
Vomiting caused by expectation of discomfort or unpleasantness.
A type of massage in which finger pressure on specific body sites is used to promote healing, relieve fatigue, etc. Although the anatomical locations are the same as the ACUPUNCTURE POINTS used in ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY (hence acu-), no needle or other acupuncture technique is employed in acupressure. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed). Shiatsu is a modern outgrowth that focuses more on prevention than healing.
Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.
A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.
A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)
A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)
A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.
Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT3 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT3 RECEPTOR AGONISTS.
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.
A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.
Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.
Pain during the period after surgery.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.
Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.
Quinuclidines are organic compounds consisting of a tricyclic structure with a three-membered ring fused to a piperidine ring, often used as building blocks in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules.
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
Any process by which toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, preferred route of administration, safe dosage range, etc., for a drug or group of drugs is determined through clinical assessment in humans or veterinary animals.
Deciduous plant rich in volatile oil (OILS, VOLATILE). It is used as a flavoring agent and has many other uses both internally and topically.
The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.
An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.
Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.
Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.
The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.
An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.
A drug combination that contains diphenhydramine and theophylline. It is used for treating VERTIGO, MOTION SICKNESS, and NAUSEA associated with PREGNANCY.
Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.
Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Surgery performed on the female genitalia.
A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)
Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles.
The highest dose of a biologically active agent given during a chronic study that will not reduce longevity from effects other than carcinogenicity. (from Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)
Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
The uncritical acceptance of an idea or plan of action.
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
Compounds that inhibit or block the activity of NEUROKININ-1 RECEPTORS.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.
The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.
A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.
A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.
Quinolizines are heterocyclic organic compounds containing a bicyclic structure formed by a benzene ring fused to a piperidine ring, which have been used as building blocks in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules.
The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.
The evacuation of food from the stomach into the duodenum.
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.
Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.
A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.
Leukopenia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low white blood cell count (less than 4,000 cells per microliter of blood) in peripheral blood, increasing the risk of infection due to decreased immune defense.
Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.
Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.
Deoxycytidine is a nucleoside consisting of the pentose sugar deoxyribose linked to the nitrogenous base cytosine, which plays a crucial role in DNA replication and repair processes within cells.
Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.
Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. It is sometimes used in conjunction with heat, moxibustion, acupressure, or electric stimulation.
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.
The elimination of PAIN, without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, during OBSTETRIC LABOR; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; or the POSTPARTUM PERIOD, usually through the administration of ANALGESICS.
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.
Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.
An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
A subclass of serotonin receptors that form cation channels and mediate signal transduction by depolarizing the cell membrane. The cation channels are formed from 5 receptor subunits. When stimulated the receptors allow the selective passage of SODIUM; POTASSIUM; and CALCIUM.
A family of hexahydropyridines.
Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.
An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

Carbon disulphide absorption during xanthate reagent mixing in a gold mine concentrator. (1/1415)

A xanthate reagent mixer at a gold mine concentrator was exposed to carbon disulphide by extensive skin contamination with xanthate powder and solution during the reagent mixing process. Absorption of carbon disulphide was confirmed by the detection of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA). Drager colorimetric tube testing during subsequent mixing recorded a maximum concentration of at least 60 ppm carbon disulphide. An illness consisting of predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms began 20 h after the exposure. Although this may have been due to carbon disulphide toxicity this is by no means certain. The need for engineering controls, impervious protective clothing and full-face respirators with particulate and organic vapour cartridges is discussed. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.  (+info)

Role of dexamethasone dosage in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists for prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (2/1415)

Dexamethasone (20 mg) or its equivalent in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists appears to be the gold-standard dose for antiemetic prophylaxis. Additional to concerns about the use of corticosteroids with respect to enhanced tumour growth or impaired killing of the tumour cells, there is evidence that high-dosage dexamethasone impairs the control of delayed nausea and emesis, whereas lower doses appear more beneficial. To come closer to the most adequate dose, we started a prospective, single-blind, randomized trial investigating additional dosage of 8 or 20 mg dexamethasone to tropisetron (Navoban), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy. After an interim analysis of 121 courses of chemotherapy in 69 patients, we have been unable to detect major differences between both treatment alternatives. High-dose dexamethasone (20 mg) had no advantage over medium-dose dexamethasone with respect to objective and subjective parameters of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting. In relation to concerns about the use of corticosteroids in non-haematological cancer chemotherapy, we suggest that 8 mg or its equivalent should be used in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists until further research proves otherwise.  (+info)

A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of losoxantrone and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. (3/1415)

A Phase I and pharmacological study was performed to evaluate the feasibility, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetics of the anthrapyrazole losoxantrone in combination with paclitaxel in adult patients with advanced solid malignancies. Losoxantrone was administered as a 10-min infusion in combination with paclitaxel on either a 24- or 3-h schedule. The starting dose level was 40 mg/m2 losoxantrone and 135 mg/m2 paclitaxel (as a 24- or 3-h i.v. infusion) without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Administration of these agents at the starting dose level and dose escalation was feasible only with G-CSF support. The following dose levels (losoxantrone/paclitaxel, in mg/m2) of losoxantrone and paclitaxel as a 3-h infusion were also evaluated: 50/135, 50/175, 50/200, 50/225, and 60/225. The sequence-dependent toxicological and pharmacological effects of losoxantrone and paclitaxel on the 24- and 3-h schedules of paclitaxel were also assessed. The MTD was defined as the dose at which >50% of the patients experienced DLT during the first two courses of therapy. DLTs, mainly myelosuppression, occurring during the first course of therapy were noted in four of six and five of eight patients treated with 40 mg/m2 losoxantrone and 135 mg/m2 paclitaxel over 24 and 3 h, respectively, without G-CSF. DLTs during the first two courses of therapy were observed in one of six patients at the 50/175 (losoxantrone/paclitaxel) mg/m2 dose level, two of four patients at the 50/200 mg/m2 dose level, one of four patients at the 50/225 mg/m2 dose level, and two of five patients at the 60/225 mg/m2 dose level. The degree of thrombocytopenia was worse, albeit not statistically significant, when 24-h paclitaxel preceded losoxantrone, with a mean percentage decrement in platelet count during course 1 of 80.7%, compared to 43.8% with the reverse sequence (P = 0.19). Losoxantrone clearance was not significantly altered by the sequence or schedule of paclitaxel. Cardiac toxicity was observed; however, it was not related to total cumulative dose of losoxantrone. An unacceptably high rate of DLTs at the first dose level of 40 mg/m2 losoxantrone and 135 mg/m2 paclitaxel administered as either a 24- or 3-h i.v. infusion precluded dose escalation without G-CSF support. The addition of G-CSF to the regimen permitted further dose escalation without reaching the MTD. Losoxantrone at 50 mg/m2 followed by paclitaxel (3-h i.v. infusion) at 175 mg/m2 with G-CSF support is recommended for further clinical trials.  (+info)

A phase I study of the lipophilic thymidylate synthase inhibitor Thymitaq (nolatrexed dihydrochloride) given by 10-day oral administration. (4/1415)

2-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-5-(4-pyridylthio)-quinazoline dihydrochloride (nolatrexed dihydrochloride, Thymitaq, AG337), a specific inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, was developed using protein structure-based drug design. Intravenously administered nolatrexed is active clinically. As oral bioavailability is high (70-100%), nolatrexed was administered orally, 6 hourly for 10 days, at 3-week intervals, and dose escalated from 80 to 572 mg m(-2) day(-1) in 23 patients. Common toxicity criteria (CTC) grade 3 toxicities included nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and liver function test (LFT) abnormalities. Thrombocytopenia (grade 1 or 2) occurred at doses > or = 318 mg m(-2) day(-1) and neutropenia (grade 2) at 429 and 572 mg m(-2) day(-1). An erythematous maculopapular rash occurred at dosages > or = 318 mg m(-2) day(-1) (7 out of 19 patients). LFT abnormalities occurred in two out of six patients (grade 3 or 4 bilirubin and grade 3 alanine transaminase) at 572 mg m(-2) day(-1). Nolatrexed plasma concentrations 1 h after dosing were 6-16 microg ml(-1), and trough 3-8 microg ml(-1), at 572 mg m(-2) day(-1). Inhibition of thymidylate synthase was demonstrated by elevation of plasma deoxyuridine. Six-hourly oral nolatrexed for 10 days was associated with antiproliferative effects, but nausea and vomiting was dose limiting at 572 mg m(-2) day(-1). Nine patients were treated at 429 mg m(-2) day(-1); three out of nine experienced grade 3 nausea, but 17 out of 22 treatment courses were completed (with the co-administration of prophylactic antiemetics) and this dose level could be considered for phase II testing.  (+info)

Phase I and pharmacologic study of the combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and topotecan administered intravenously every 21 days as first-line therapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. (5/1415)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of administering topotecan in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin without and with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support as first-line chemotherapy in women with incompletely resected stage III and stage IV ovarian carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Starting doses were paclitaxel 110 mg/m2 administered over 24 hours (day 1), followed by cisplatin 50 mg/m2 over 3 hours (day 2) and topotecan 0.3 mg/m2/d over 30 minutes for 5 consecutive days (days 2 to 6). Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. After encountering dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) without G-CSF support, the maximum-tolerated dose was defined as 5 microg/kg of G-CSF subcutaneously starting on day 6. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients received a total of 116 courses at four different dose levels. The DLT was neutropenia. At the first dose level, all six patients experienced grade 4 myelosuppression. G-CSF support permitted further dose escalation of cisplatin and topotecan. Nonhematologic toxicities, primarily fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and neurosensory neuropathy, were observed but were generally mild. Of 15 patients assessable for response, nine had a complete response, four achieved a partial response, and two had stable disease. CONCLUSION: Neutropenia was the DLT of this combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and topotecan. The recommended phase II dose is paclitaxel 110 mg/m2 (day 1), followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 (day 2) and topotecan 0.3 mg/m2/d (days 2 to 6) with G-CSF support repeated every 3 weeks.  (+info)

Phase II trial of paclitaxel and cisplatin in metastatic and recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix. (6/1415)

PURPOSE: Both paclitaxel and cisplatin have moderate activity in patients with metastatic or recurrent cancer of the cervix, and the combination of these two agents has shown activity and possible synergism in a variety of solid tumors. We administered this combination to patients with metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer to evaluate its activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive patients were treated on an outpatient basis with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 administered intravenously over a 3-hour period followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 administered intravenously with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. The chemotherapy was administered every 3 weeks for a maximum of six courses. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (47%; 95% confidence interval, 30% to 65%) achieved an objective response, including five complete responses and 11 partial responses. Responses occurred in 28% of patients with disease within the radiation field only and in 57% of patients with disease involving other sites. The median duration of response was 5.5 months, and the median times to progression and survival for all patients were 5 and 9 months, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities included anemia in 18% of patients and granulocytopenia in 15% of patients. Fifty-three percent of patients developed some degree of neurotoxicity; 21% of cases were grade 2 or worse. CONCLUSION: The combination of paclitaxel with cisplatin seems relatively well tolerated and moderately active in patients with metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer. The significant incidence of neurotoxicity is of concern, and alternative methods of administration of the two agents could be evaluated. Then, further study of this combination, alone or with the addition of other active agents, is warranted.  (+info)

Combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. (7/1415)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer pretreated with leucovorin-modulated fluoropyrimidines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, who progressed while receiving or within 6 months after discontinuing palliative chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines/leucovorin, were enrolled onto this study. Treatment consisted of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on days 1 + 15 and irinotecan 80 mg/m2 on days 1 + 8 + 15 every 4 weeks. Depending on the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) on the day of scheduled chemotherapeutic drug administration, a 5-day course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 5 microg/kg/d was given. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42% for all 36 assessable patients (95% confidence interval, 26% to 59%), including two complete remissions (6%). Thirteen additional patients (36%) had stable disease, and only eight (22%) progressed. The median time to treatment failure was 7.5 months (range, 1 to 13.5+ months). After a median follow-up time of 14 months, 19 patients (53%) are still alive. Hematologic toxicity was commonly observed, although according to the ANC-adapted use of G-CSF (in 31 patients during 81 of 174 courses), it was generally mild: grade 3 and 4 granulocytopenia occurred in only five and two cases, respectively. The most frequent nonhematologic adverse reactions were nausea/emesis and diarrhea, which were rated severe in 17% and 19%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the combination of irinotecan and oxaliplatin with or without G-CSF has substantial antitumor activity in patients with progressive fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. Overall toxicity was modest, with gastrointestinal symptoms constituting the dose-limiting side effects. Further evaluation of this regimen seems warranted.  (+info)

Front-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with docetaxel and gemcitabine: a multicenter phase II trial. (8/1415)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of the combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-one chemotherapy-naive patients with NSCLC were treated with gemcitabine 900 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 and docetaxel 100 mg/m2 intravenously on day 8 with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (150 microg/m2, subcutaneously) support from day 9 to day 15. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: The patients' median age was 64 years. The World Health Organization performance status was 0 to 1 in 39 patients and 2 in 12 patients. Fifteen patients (29%) had stage IIIB disease, and 36 (71%) had stage IV; histology was mainly squamous cell carcinoma (59%). A partial response was achieved in 19 patients (37.5%; 95% confidence interval, 24% to 50%); stable disease and progressive disease were each observed in 16 patients (31.4%). The median duration of response and the time to tumor progression were 5 and 6 months, respectively. The median survival was 13 months, and the actuarial 1-year survival was 50.7%. Grade 4 anemia and thrombocytopenia were rare (2%). Four patients (8%) developed grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, and all were complicated with fever; there was no treatment-related death. Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea occurred in three patients (6%), grade 2 or 3 neurotoxicity in four patients (8%), grade 2 or 3 asthenia in 10 patients (20%), and grade 2 or 3 edema in 10 patients (20%). CONCLUSION: The combination of docetaxel/gemcitabine is well tolerated, can be used for outpatients, and is active for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. This treatment merits further comparison with other cisplatin- or carboplatin-based combinations.  (+info)

Nausea is a subjective, unpleasant sensation of discomfort in the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract that may precede vomiting. It's often described as a feeling of queasiness or the need to vomit. Nausea can be caused by various factors, including motion sickness, pregnancy, gastrointestinal disorders, infections, certain medications, and emotional stress. While nausea is not a disease itself, it can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition that requires attention and treatment.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications following surgical procedures. It is defined as nausea, vomiting, or both that occurs within the first 24 hours after surgery. PONV can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, wound dehiscence, and impaired patient satisfaction. Risk factors for PONV include female gender, non-smoking status, history of motion sickness or PONV, use of opioids, and longer duration of surgery. Preventive measures and treatments include antiemetic medications, fluid therapy, and acupuncture or acupressure.

Vomiting is defined in medical terms as the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. It is a violent, involuntary act that is usually accompanied by strong contractions of the abdominal muscles and retching. The body's vomiting reflex is typically triggered when the brain receives signals from the digestive system that something is amiss.

There are many potential causes of vomiting, including gastrointestinal infections, food poisoning, motion sickness, pregnancy, alcohol consumption, and certain medications or medical conditions. In some cases, vomiting can be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as a brain injury, concussion, or chemical imbalance in the body.

Vomiting is generally not considered a serious medical emergency on its own, but it can lead to dehydration and other complications if left untreated. If vomiting persists for an extended period of time, or if it is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, or difficulty breathing, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

Antiemetics are a class of medications that are used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. They work by blocking or reducing the activity of dopamine, serotonin, and other neurotransmitters in the brain that can trigger these symptoms. Antiemetics can be prescribed for a variety of conditions, including motion sickness, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pregnancy-related morning sickness. Some common examples of antiemetic medications include ondansetron (Zofran), promethazine (Phenergan), and metoclopramide (Reglan).

Ondansetron is a medication that is primarily used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. It is a selective antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors, which are found in the brain and gut and play a role in triggering the vomiting reflex. By blocking these receptors, ondansetron helps to reduce the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting.

The drug is available in various forms, including tablets, oral solution, and injection, and is typically administered 30 minutes before chemotherapy or surgery, and then every 8 to 12 hours as needed. Common side effects of ondansetron include headache, constipation, and diarrhea.

It's important to note that ondansetron should be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, and its use may be contraindicated in certain individuals, such as those with a history of allergic reactions to the drug or who have certain heart conditions.

Motion sickness is a condition characterized by a disturbance in the balance and orientation senses, often triggered by conflicting information received from the eyes, inner ears, and other bodily sensory systems. It's typically brought on by motion such as that experienced during travel in cars, trains, boats, or airplanes, or even while using virtual reality devices. Symptoms can include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and cold sweats.

The inner ear's vestibular system plays a key role in this condition. When the body is in motion but the inner ear remains still, or vice versa, it can cause the brain to receive conflicting signals about the body's state of motion, leading to feelings of disorientation and sickness.

Preventative measures for motion sickness include fixating on a stationary point outside the vehicle, avoiding reading or looking at electronic screens during travel, taking over-the-counter medications like dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) or scopolamine (Transderm Scop), and engaging in relaxation techniques such as deep breathing.

Anticipatory vomiting is a condition characterized by the experience of nausea and vomiting in response to a stimulus that a person has learned to associate with previous episodes of emesis (vomiting). It is often observed in patients who have undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer treatment. The sight, smell, taste, or even thought of the treatment setting can trigger the body's vomiting reflex, even before any medication is administered. This condition can be distressing and may negatively impact a patient's quality of life. Various interventions, such as behavioral therapies, relaxation techniques, and medications, can be used to manage anticipatory vomiting.

Acupressure is a complementary therapy based on the concept of acupuncture, which involves applying pressure (usually with fingers, hands, or elbow) to specific points on the body (known as acupoints). The goal of acupressure is to stimulate and balance the flow of energy (chi or qi) through the body's meridians or channels. This practice is believed to help promote relaxation, reduce stress, relieve pain, improve sleep, and enhance overall well-being.

It is important to note that while acupressure has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine, its effectiveness is not consistently supported by scientific research. Some studies suggest potential benefits, but more rigorous, high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings. As with any therapy, it's recommended to consult a healthcare professional before starting an acupressure practice, especially if you have any health conditions or are taking medications.

Morning sickness is a common condition during pregnancy, typically characterized by nausea and vomiting. It usually occurs in the morning, although it can happen at any time of the day. The exact cause is not known, but it's thought to be due to the hormonal changes that occur during early pregnancy. For most women, morning sickness improves or goes away after the first trimester. However, for some, it may last longer. While it can be unpleasant and uncomfortable, morning sickness is generally not harmful to the mother or baby, unless it's severe and leads to dehydration or weight loss. In such cases, medical attention is required.

Granisetron is a medication that is primarily used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. It belongs to a class of drugs known as serotonin antagonists, which work by blocking the action of serotonin, a chemical in the brain that can trigger nausea and vomiting.

Granisetron is available in several forms, including oral tablets, oral solution, and injectable solutions. It is usually taken or administered about an hour before chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or shortly before surgery. The medication may also be given as needed to manage nausea and vomiting that occur after these treatments.

Common side effects of granisetron include headache, constipation, dizziness, and tiredness. In rare cases, it can cause more serious side effects such as irregular heartbeat, seizures, or allergic reactions. It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully and inform your healthcare provider if you experience any unusual symptoms while taking granisetron.

Droperidol is a butyrophenone neuroleptic medication that is primarily used for its antiemetic (anti-nausea and vomiting) properties. It works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which can help to reduce feelings of nausea and vomiting caused by various factors such as chemotherapy, surgery, or motion sickness.

Droperidol is also known for its sedative and anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects, and has been used in the past as a premedication before surgery to help reduce anxiety and produce sedation. However, due to concerns about rare but serious side effects such as QT prolongation (a heart rhythm disorder), droperidol is now less commonly used for this purpose.

Droperidol is available in injectable form and is typically administered by healthcare professionals in a hospital or clinical setting. It should be used with caution and only under the close supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can cause a range of side effects including dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, and restlessness. More serious side effects such as seizures, irregular heartbeat, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by muscle rigidity, fever, and autonomic instability) have also been reported with droperidol use.

Prochlorperazine is an antipsychotic drug, specifically a phenothiazine derivative. It works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, and also has antiemetic (anti-nausea and vomiting) effects.

Prochlorperazine is used to treat various conditions, including:

* Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
* Nausea and vomiting, including motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting
* Severe anxiety or agitation
* Tension headaches

The drug can be administered orally, intramuscularly, or rectally, depending on the formulation. Common side effects of prochlorperazine include drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. More serious side effects can include neurological symptoms such as tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (a life-threatening condition characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction), and seizures. Prochlorperazine should be used with caution in elderly patients, those with a history of seizures or cardiovascular disease, and those taking other medications that may interact with it.

Metoclopramide is a medication that is primarily used to manage gastrointestinal disorders. It is classified as a dopamine antagonist and a prokinetic agent, which means it works by blocking the action of dopamine, a chemical in the brain that can slow down stomach and intestine function.

The medical definition of Metoclopramide is:
A synthetic congener of procainamide, used as an antiemetic and to increase gastrointestinal motility. It has a antidopaminergic action, binding to D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and stomach, and it may also block 5HT3 receptors at intrapyloric and central levels. Its actions on the gut smooth muscle are mediated via cholinergic muscarinic receptors. (Source: Dorland's Medical Dictionary)

Metoclopramide is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, and gastroparesis, which is a condition that affects the normal movement of food through the digestive tract. It can also be used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Like any medication, Metoclopramide can have side effects, including drowsiness, restlessness, and muscle spasms. In some cases, it may cause more serious side effects such as tardive dyskinesia, a condition characterized by involuntary movements of the face, tongue, or limbs. It is important to use Metoclopramide only under the supervision of a healthcare provider and to follow their instructions carefully.

Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are a class of medications that work by blocking the serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, which are found in the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. These receptors play a role in regulating nausea and vomiting, among other functions.

When serotonin binds to these receptors, it can trigger a series of events that lead to nausea and vomiting, particularly in response to chemotherapy or surgery. By blocking the 5-HT3 receptors, serotonin cannot bind to them and therefore cannot trigger these events, which helps to reduce nausea and vomiting.

Examples of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists include ondansetron (Zofran), granisetron (Kytril), palonosetron (Aloxi), and dolasetron (Anzemet). These medications are commonly used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum is a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that is more extreme than the typical morning sickness. It's characterized by persistent vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby. The exact cause is not known, but it may be related to high levels of hormones or other substances in the pregnant woman's body. Treatment often involves hospitalization for rehydration, medication to control vomiting, and nutritional support.

The double-blind method is a study design commonly used in research, including clinical trials, to minimize bias and ensure the objectivity of results. In this approach, both the participants and the researchers are unaware of which group the participants are assigned to, whether it be the experimental group or the control group. This means that neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment or placebo, thus reducing the potential for bias in the evaluation of outcomes. The assignment of participants to groups is typically done by a third party not involved in the study, and the codes are only revealed after all data have been collected and analyzed.

A "Drug Administration Schedule" refers to the plan for when and how a medication should be given to a patient. It includes details such as the dose, frequency (how often it should be taken), route (how it should be administered, such as orally, intravenously, etc.), and duration (how long it should be taken) of the medication. This schedule is often created and prescribed by healthcare professionals, such as doctors or pharmacists, to ensure that the medication is taken safely and effectively. It may also include instructions for missed doses or changes in the dosage.

Postoperative pain is defined as the pain or discomfort experienced by patients following a surgical procedure. It can vary in intensity and duration depending on the type of surgery performed, individual pain tolerance, and other factors. The pain may be caused by tissue trauma, inflammation, or nerve damage resulting from the surgical intervention. Proper assessment and management of postoperative pain is essential to promote recovery, prevent complications, and improve patient satisfaction.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Intravenous (IV) infusion is a medical procedure in which liquids, such as medications, nutrients, or fluids, are delivered directly into a patient's vein through a needle or a catheter. This route of administration allows for rapid absorption and distribution of the infused substance throughout the body. IV infusions can be used for various purposes, including resuscitation, hydration, nutrition support, medication delivery, and blood product transfusion. The rate and volume of the infusion are carefully controlled to ensure patient safety and efficacy of treatment.

Antineoplastic agents are a class of drugs used to treat malignant neoplasms or cancer. These agents work by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, either by killing them or preventing their division and replication. Antineoplastic agents can be classified based on their mechanism of action, such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, and targeted therapy agents.

Alkylating agents work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, which can cause cross-linking of DNA strands and ultimately lead to cell death. Antimetabolites interfere with the metabolic processes necessary for DNA synthesis and replication, while topoisomerase inhibitors prevent the relaxation of supercoiled DNA during replication. Mitotic inhibitors disrupt the normal functioning of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for cell division. Targeted therapy agents are designed to target specific molecular abnormalities in cancer cells, such as mutated oncogenes or dysregulated signaling pathways.

It's important to note that antineoplastic agents can also affect normal cells and tissues, leading to various side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow function). Therefore, the use of these drugs requires careful monitoring and management of their potential adverse effects.

Quinuclidines are a class of organic compounds that contain a unique cage-like structure consisting of a tetrahydrofuran ring fused to a piperidine ring. The name "quinuclidine" is derived from the Latin word "quinque," meaning five, and "clidis," meaning key or bar, which refers to the five-membered ring system that forms the core of these compounds.

Quinuclidines have a variety of biological activities and are used in pharmaceuticals as well as agrochemicals. Some quinuclidine derivatives have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. They can also act as inhibitors of various enzymes and receptors, making them useful tools for studying biological systems and developing new drugs.

It is worth noting that quinuclidines are not typically used in medical diagnosis or treatment, but rather serve as building blocks for the development of new pharmaceutical compounds.

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.

Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.

Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.

Analgesics, opioid are a class of drugs used for the treatment of pain. They work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, blocking the transmission of pain signals to the brain. Opioids can be synthetic or natural, and include drugs such as morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, and methadone. They are often used for moderate to severe pain, such as that resulting from injury, surgery, or chronic conditions like cancer. However, opioids can also produce euphoria, physical dependence, and addiction, so they are tightly regulated and carry a risk of misuse.

"Drug evaluation" is a medical term that refers to the systematic process of assessing the pharmacological, therapeutic, and safety profile of a drug or medication. This process typically involves several stages, including preclinical testing in the laboratory, clinical trials in human subjects, and post-marketing surveillance.

The goal of drug evaluation is to determine the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosage range of a drug, as well as any potential interactions with other medications or medical conditions. The evaluation process also includes an assessment of the drug's pharmacokinetics, or how it is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.

The findings from drug evaluations are used to inform regulatory decisions about whether a drug should be approved for use in clinical practice, as well as to provide guidance to healthcare providers about how to use the drug safely and effectively.

Ginger, in a medical context, refers to the root of the plant Zingiber officinale. It has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years to treat various ailments such as nausea, vomiting, and inflammation. The active components of ginger are called gingerols and shogaols, which have been found to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiemetic properties.

However, it's important to note that while ginger has many potential health benefits, it can also interact with certain medications and may not be suitable for everyone. As with any treatment, it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting to use ginger or any other natural remedy.

Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols refer to a treatment plan for cancer that involves the use of more than one antineoplastic (chemotherapy) drug given in a specific sequence and schedule. The combination of drugs is used because they may work better together to destroy cancer cells compared to using a single agent alone. This approach can also help to reduce the likelihood of cancer cells becoming resistant to the treatment.

The choice of drugs, dose, duration, and frequency are determined by various factors such as the type and stage of cancer, patient's overall health, and potential side effects. Combination chemotherapy protocols can be used in various settings, including as a primary treatment, adjuvant therapy (given after surgery or radiation to kill any remaining cancer cells), neoadjuvant therapy (given before surgery or radiation to shrink the tumor), or palliative care (to alleviate symptoms and prolong survival).

It is important to note that while combined chemotherapy protocols can be effective in treating certain types of cancer, they can also cause significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and an increased risk of infection. Therefore, patients undergoing such treatment should be closely monitored and managed by a healthcare team experienced in administering chemotherapy.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancers, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, head and neck, lung, and cervical cancers. It is an inorganic platinum compound that contains a central platinum atom surrounded by two chloride atoms and two ammonia molecules in a cis configuration.

Cisplatin works by forming crosslinks between DNA strands, which disrupts the structure of DNA and prevents cancer cells from replicating. This ultimately leads to cell death and slows down or stops the growth of tumors. However, cisplatin can also cause damage to normal cells, leading to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hearing loss, and kidney damage. Therefore, it is essential to monitor patients closely during treatment and manage any adverse effects promptly.

Gastroparesis is a gastrointestinal disorder that affects the stomach's normal motility, resulting in the delayed emptying of food from the stomach into the small intestine. The term "gastroparesis" literally means "stomach paralysis," although the stomach doesn't actually become paralyzed in this condition. Instead, the muscles of the stomach wall become weakened or damaged, leading to a decrease in their ability to contract and push food through the digestive tract effectively.

The causes of gastroparesis can vary, but some common reasons include diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), viral infections, surgery involving the vagus nerve (which controls stomach muscle contractions), certain medications (such as narcotics, antidepressants, and high blood pressure drugs), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), scleroderma, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Amyloidosis.

Symptoms of gastroparesis may include nausea, vomiting, feeling full quickly after starting to eat, bloating, heartburn, abdominal pain, lack of appetite, and unintended weight loss. These symptoms can significantly impact a person's quality of life and make it difficult for them to maintain proper nutrition.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various tests such as upper endoscopy, gastric emptying studies (such as the scintigraphy scan), and manometry to assess stomach muscle function. Treatment options may include dietary modifications, medications to stimulate stomach contractions or reduce symptoms like nausea and vomiting, botulinum toxin injections, electrical stimulation of the stomach muscles, or, in severe cases, feeding tubes or surgery.

Serotonin antagonists are a class of drugs that block the action of serotonin, a neurotransmitter, at specific receptor sites in the brain and elsewhere in the body. They work by binding to the serotonin receptors without activating them, thereby preventing the natural serotonin from binding and transmitting signals.

Serotonin antagonists are used in the treatment of various conditions such as psychiatric disorders, migraines, and nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. They can have varying degrees of affinity for different types of serotonin receptors (e.g., 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, etc.), which contributes to their specific therapeutic effects and side effect profiles.

Examples of serotonin antagonists include ondansetron (used to treat nausea and vomiting), risperidone and olanzapine (used to treat psychiatric disorders), and methysergide (used to prevent migraines). It's important to note that these medications should be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as they can have potential risks and interactions with other drugs.

General anesthesia is a state of controlled unconsciousness, induced by administering various medications, that eliminates awareness, movement, and pain sensation during medical procedures. It involves the use of a combination of intravenous and inhaled drugs to produce a reversible loss of consciousness, allowing patients to undergo surgical or diagnostic interventions safely and comfortably. The depth and duration of anesthesia are carefully monitored and adjusted throughout the procedure by an anesthesiologist or certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) to ensure patient safety and optimize recovery. General anesthesia is typically used for more extensive surgical procedures, such as open-heart surgery, major orthopedic surgeries, and neurosurgery.

Oral administration is a route of giving medications or other substances by mouth. This can be in the form of tablets, capsules, liquids, pastes, or other forms that can be swallowed. Once ingested, the substance is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and enters the bloodstream to reach its intended target site in the body. Oral administration is a common and convenient route of medication delivery, but it may not be appropriate for all substances or in certain situations, such as when rapid onset of action is required or when the patient has difficulty swallowing.

Dexamethasone is a type of corticosteroid medication, which is a synthetic version of a natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It is often used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in a variety of medical conditions, including allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and certain skin conditions.

Dexamethasone works by binding to specific receptors in cells, which triggers a range of anti-inflammatory effects. These include reducing the production of chemicals that cause inflammation, suppressing the activity of immune cells, and stabilizing cell membranes.

In addition to its anti-inflammatory effects, dexamethasone can also be used to treat other medical conditions, such as certain types of cancer, brain swelling, and adrenal insufficiency. It is available in a variety of forms, including tablets, liquids, creams, and injectable solutions.

Like all medications, dexamethasone can have side effects, particularly if used for long periods of time or at high doses. These may include mood changes, increased appetite, weight gain, acne, thinning skin, easy bruising, and an increased risk of infections. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when taking dexamethasone to minimize the risk of side effects.

A headache is defined as pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. It can be a symptom of various underlying conditions such as stress, sinus congestion, migraine, or more serious issues like meningitis or concussion. Headaches can vary in intensity, ranging from mild to severe, and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound. There are over 150 different types of headaches, including tension headaches, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches, each with their own specific characteristics and causes.

Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine medication that is commonly used to prevent and treat motion sickness. It is a combination of diphenhydramine and 8-chlorotheophylline in a 50:50 ratio by weight. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic and sedative properties, while 8-chlorotheophylline is a mild stimulant that helps counteract the sedative effects of diphenhydramine.

Dimenhydrinate works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms, as well as certain motion sickness-inducing signals in the brain. By doing so, it can help alleviate symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness.

Dimenhydrinate is available over-the-counter and by prescription in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid solutions. It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully and talk to a healthcare provider before taking this medication if you have any medical conditions or are taking other medications.

Doxylamine is an antihistamine medication that is used to treat symptoms such as allergies, hay fever, and the common cold. It works by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic reactions. Doxylamine is also used as a sleep aid because it can cause drowsiness. It is available over-the-counter and by prescription in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid.

Some common side effects of doxylamine include dry mouth, dizziness, and blurred vision. It is important to use doxylamine with caution, as it can cause drowsiness and may impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. It is also important to follow the dosage instructions carefully, as taking too much doxylamine can lead to serious side effects such as confusion, seizures, and difficulty breathing.

It is always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new medication, including doxylamine, to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for your individual health needs.

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a method of pain management that allows patients to self-administer doses of analgesic medication through a controlled pump system. With PCA, the patient can press a button to deliver a predetermined dose of pain medication, usually an opioid, directly into their intravenous (IV) line.

The dosage and frequency of the medication are set by the healthcare provider based on the patient's individual needs and medical condition. The PCA pump is designed to prevent overinfusion by limiting the amount of medication that can be delivered within a specific time frame.

PCA provides several benefits, including improved pain control, increased patient satisfaction, and reduced sedation compared to traditional methods of opioid administration. It also allows patients to take an active role in managing their pain and provides them with a sense of control during their hospital stay. However, it is essential to monitor patients closely while using PCA to ensure safe and effective use.

A dose-response relationship in the context of drugs refers to the changes in the effects or symptoms that occur as the dose of a drug is increased or decreased. Generally, as the dose of a drug is increased, the severity or intensity of its effects also increases. Conversely, as the dose is decreased, the effects of the drug become less severe or may disappear altogether.

The dose-response relationship is an important concept in pharmacology and toxicology because it helps to establish the safe and effective dosage range for a drug. By understanding how changes in the dose of a drug affect its therapeutic and adverse effects, healthcare providers can optimize treatment plans for their patients while minimizing the risk of harm.

The dose-response relationship is typically depicted as a curve that shows the relationship between the dose of a drug and its effect. The shape of the curve may vary depending on the drug and the specific effect being measured. Some drugs may have a steep dose-response curve, meaning that small changes in the dose can result in large differences in the effect. Other drugs may have a more gradual dose-response curve, where larger changes in the dose are needed to produce significant effects.

In addition to helping establish safe and effective dosages, the dose-response relationship is also used to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits and risks of new drugs during clinical trials. By systematically testing different doses of a drug in controlled studies, researchers can identify the optimal dosage range for the drug and assess its safety and efficacy.

Gynecologic surgical procedures refer to the operations that are performed on the female reproductive system and related organs. These surgeries can be either minimally invasive or open procedures, depending on the condition and the patient's health status.

The indications for gynecologic surgical procedures may include but are not limited to:

1. Diagnosis and treatment of various benign and malignant conditions such as uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, and cancers of the reproductive organs.
2. Management of abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and infertility.
3. Treatment of ectopic pregnancies and miscarriages.
4. Pelvic organ prolapse repair.
5. Sterilization procedures such as tubal ligation.
6. Investigation and treatment of suspicious lesions or abnormal Pap smears.

Some common gynecologic surgical procedures include hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), oophorectomy (removal of the ovary), salpingectomy (removal of the fallopian tube), cystectomy (removal of a cyst), myomectomy (removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus), and endometrial ablation (destruction of the lining of the uterus).

Minimally invasive surgical techniques such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy have gained popularity in recent years due to their advantages over traditional open surgeries, including smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, quicker recovery times, and reduced risk of complications.

Cyclizine is an antihistamine medication that is primarily used to treat and prevent motion sickness and vertigo. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that helps to transmit signals in the brain that can cause symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.

Cyclizine may also be used to treat allergic reactions, including hay fever and hives, as well as to help relieve pain and reduce tension in muscles. It is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid solutions, and is typically taken by mouth.

Like all medications, cyclizine can have side effects, which may include drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional and to report any unusual or severe symptoms to a doctor.

Acupuncture points, also known as "acupoints," are specific locations on the body that are used in acupuncture therapy. These points are believed to correspond to underlying pathways, or meridians, through which vital energy, or "qi" (pronounced "chee"), flows.

Acupuncture points are typically found along these meridians and are thought to have specific therapeutic properties. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, stimulating these points with needles, heat, pressure, or electrical impulses can help restore the balance of qi and promote healing in the body.

There are over 360 acupuncture points identified in TCM, each with its own name, location, and set of indications for use. Modern research has attempted to identify the anatomical structures underlying these points, with some studies suggesting that they may correspond to nerve bundles, blood vessels, or other physiological features. However, the exact mechanisms by which acupuncture works remain a topic of ongoing scientific investigation and debate.

The Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) is a term used in medical research, particularly in clinical trials of new drugs or treatments. It refers to the highest dose of a medication or treatment that can be given without causing unacceptable or severe side effects or toxicity to the patient.

Determining the MTD is an important step in developing new medications, as it helps researchers establish a safe and effective dosage range for future use. This process typically involves gradually increasing the dose in a group of subjects (often healthy volunteers in early phase trials) until intolerable side effects occur, at which point the previous dose is considered the MTD.

It's important to note that the MTD may vary between individuals and populations, depending on factors such as age, sex, genetic makeup, and overall health status. Therefore, individualized dosing strategies may be necessary to ensure safe and effective treatment with new medications.

Gastrointestinal diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the organs from the mouth to the anus, responsible for food digestion, absorption, and elimination of waste. These diseases can affect any part of the GI tract, causing various symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Common gastrointestinal diseases include:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.
2. Peptic ulcers - sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits.
5. Celiac disease - an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
6. Diverticular disease - a condition that affects the colon, causing diverticula (small pouches) to form and potentially become inflamed or infected.
7. Constipation - a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, and difficulty passing stools.
8. Diarrhea - a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by loose, watery stools and frequent bowel movements.
9. Food intolerances and allergies - adverse reactions to specific foods or food components that can cause various gastrointestinal symptoms.
10. Gastrointestinal infections - caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that can lead to a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

In a medical context, "suggestion" often refers to the act of proposing or recommending a treatment or course of action to a patient. It can also refer to the use of verbal or nonverbal communication to influence a person's perceptions, attitudes, or behaviors related to their health.

However, it is important to note that "suggestion" does not have a specific medical definition and its meaning may vary depending on the context in which it is used. In some cases, it may be used interchangeably with terms such as "recommendation," "counseling," or "persuasion."

In contrast, there is a psychological concept called "the power of suggestion" that refers to the phenomenon where an individual's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors can be influenced by expectations or suggestions from others. While this concept is not unique to medicine, it can have important implications for medical practice, particularly in areas such as hypnosis, placebo effects, and patient-provider communication.

Combination drug therapy is a treatment approach that involves the use of multiple medications with different mechanisms of action to achieve better therapeutic outcomes. This approach is often used in the management of complex medical conditions such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, and cardiovascular diseases. The goal of combination drug therapy is to improve efficacy, reduce the risk of drug resistance, decrease the likelihood of adverse effects, and enhance the overall quality of life for patients.

In combining drugs, healthcare providers aim to target various pathways involved in the disease process, which may help to:

1. Increase the effectiveness of treatment by attacking the disease from multiple angles.
2. Decrease the dosage of individual medications, reducing the risk and severity of side effects.
3. Slow down or prevent the development of drug resistance, a common problem in chronic diseases like HIV/AIDS and cancer.
4. Improve patient compliance by simplifying dosing schedules and reducing pill burden.

Examples of combination drug therapy include:

1. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV treatment, which typically involves three or more drugs from different classes to suppress viral replication and prevent the development of drug resistance.
2. Chemotherapy regimens for cancer treatment, where multiple cytotoxic agents are used to target various stages of the cell cycle and reduce the likelihood of tumor cells developing resistance.
3. Cardiovascular disease management, which may involve combining medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and statins to control blood pressure, heart rate, fluid balance, and cholesterol levels.
4. Treatment of tuberculosis, which often involves a combination of several antibiotics to target different aspects of the bacterial life cycle and prevent the development of drug-resistant strains.

When prescribing combination drug therapy, healthcare providers must carefully consider factors such as potential drug interactions, dosing schedules, adverse effects, and contraindications to ensure safe and effective treatment. Regular monitoring of patients is essential to assess treatment response, manage side effects, and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that block the action of substance P, a neuropeptide involved in pain transmission and inflammation. These drugs work by binding to NK-1 receptors found on nerve cells, preventing substance P from activating them and transmitting pain signals. NK-1 receptor antagonists have been studied for their potential use in treating various conditions associated with pain and inflammation, such as migraine headaches, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome. Some examples of NK-1 receptor antagonists include aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and rolapitant.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

Spinal anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia that involves injecting local anesthetic medication into the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space, which is the space surrounding the spinal cord. This procedure is typically performed by introducing a needle into the lower back, between the vertebrae, to reach the subarachnoid space.

Once the local anesthetic is introduced into this space, it spreads to block nerve impulses from the corresponding levels of the spine, resulting in numbness and loss of sensation in specific areas of the body below the injection site. The extent and level of anesthesia depend on the amount and type of medication used, as well as the patient's individual response.

Spinal anesthesia is often used for surgeries involving the lower abdomen, pelvis, or lower extremities, such as cesarean sections, hernia repairs, hip replacements, and knee arthroscopies. It can also be utilized for procedures like epidural steroid injections to manage chronic pain conditions affecting the spine and lower limbs.

While spinal anesthesia provides effective pain relief during and after surgery, it may cause side effects such as low blood pressure, headache, or difficulty urinating. These potential complications should be discussed with the healthcare provider before deciding on this type of anesthesia.

Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic (pain reliever) derived from the opium poppy. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, blocking the transmission of pain signals and reducing the perception of pain. Morphine is used to treat moderate to severe pain, including pain associated with cancer, myocardial infarction, and other conditions. It can also be used as a sedative and cough suppressant.

Morphine has a high potential for abuse and dependence, and its use should be closely monitored by healthcare professionals. Common side effects of morphine include drowsiness, respiratory depression, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Overdose can result in respiratory failure, coma, and death.

Abdominal pain is defined as discomfort or painful sensation in the abdomen. The abdomen is the region of the body between the chest and the pelvis, and contains many important organs such as the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. Abdominal pain can vary in intensity from mild to severe, and can be acute or chronic depending on the underlying cause.

Abdominal pain can have many different causes, ranging from benign conditions such as gastritis, indigestion, or constipation, to more serious conditions such as appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm. The location, quality, and duration of the pain can provide important clues about its cause. For example, sharp, localized pain in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen may indicate appendicitis, while crampy, diffuse pain in the lower abdomen may suggest irritable bowel syndrome.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience severe or persistent abdominal pain, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or bloody stools. A thorough physical examination, including a careful history and a focused abdominal exam, can help diagnose the underlying cause of the pain and guide appropriate treatment.

Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid analgesic, which is similar to morphine but is 50 to 100 times more potent. It is a schedule II prescription drug, typically used to treat patients with severe pain or to manage pain after surgery. It works by binding to the body's opioid receptors, which are found in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas of the body.

Fentanyl can be administered in several forms, including transdermal patches, lozenges, injectable solutions, and tablets that dissolve in the mouth. Illegally manufactured and distributed fentanyl has also become a major public health concern, as it is often mixed with other drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and counterfeit pills, leading to an increase in overdose deaths.

Like all opioids, fentanyl carries a risk of dependence, addiction, and overdose, especially when used outside of medical supervision or in combination with other central nervous system depressants such as alcohol or benzodiazepines. It is important to use fentanyl only as directed by a healthcare provider and to be aware of the potential risks associated with its use.

Obstetrical anesthesia refers to the use of anesthetic techniques and medications during childbirth or obstetrical procedures. The goal is to provide pain relief and comfort to the birthing person while ensuring the safety of both the mother and the baby. There are different types of obstetrical anesthesia, including:

1. Local anesthesia: Injection of a local anesthetic agent to numb a specific area, such as the perineum (the area between the vagina and the anus) during childbirth.
2. Regional anesthesia: Numbing a larger region of the body using techniques like spinal or epidural anesthesia. These methods involve injecting local anesthetic agents near the spinal cord to block nerve impulses, providing pain relief in the lower half of the body.
3. General anesthesia: Using inhaled gases or intravenous medications to render the birthing person unconscious during cesarean sections (C-sections) or other surgical procedures related to childbirth.

The choice of anesthetic technique depends on various factors, including the type of delivery, the mother's medical history, and the preferences of both the mother and the healthcare team. Obstetrical anesthesia requires specialized training and expertise to ensure safe and effective pain management during labor and delivery.

Fluorouracil is a antineoplastic medication, which means it is used to treat cancer. It is a type of chemotherapy drug known as an antimetabolite. Fluorouracil works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells and ultimately killing them. It is often used to treat colon, esophageal, stomach, and breast cancers, as well as skin conditions such as actinic keratosis and superficial basal cell carcinoma. Fluorouracil may be given by injection or applied directly to the skin in the form of a cream.

It is important to note that fluorouracil can have serious side effects, including suppression of bone marrow function, mouth sores, stomach and intestinal ulcers, and nerve damage. It should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare professional.

Quinolizines are not a medical term, but a chemical classification for a group of compounds that contain a quinolizine ring in their structure. A quinolizine ring is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with eight pi electrons and consists of two benzene rings fused to a piperidine ring.

Quinolizines have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, including anti-malarial, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial activities. However, there are no currently approved drugs that contain quinolizine as the primary active ingredient. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a medical definition of 'Quinolizines.'

The anesthesia recovery period, also known as the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) or recovery room stay, is the time immediately following anesthesia and surgery during which a patient's vital signs are closely monitored as they emerge from the effects of anesthesia.

During this period, the patient is typically observed for adequate ventilation, oxygenation, circulation, level of consciousness, pain control, and any potential complications. The length of stay in the recovery room can vary depending on the type of surgery, the anesthetic used, and the individual patient's needs.

The anesthesia recovery period is a critical time for ensuring patient safety and comfort as they transition from the surgical setting to full recovery. Nurses and other healthcare providers in the recovery room are specially trained to monitor and manage patients during this vulnerable period.

Gastric emptying is the process by which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. In medical terms, it refers to the rate and amount of food that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. This process is regulated by several factors, including the volume and composition of the meal, hormonal signals, and neural mechanisms. Abnormalities in gastric emptying can lead to various gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders, such as gastroparesis, where the stomach's ability to empty food is delayed.

Fatigue is a state of feeling very tired, weary, or exhausted, which can be physical, mental, or both. It is a common symptom that can be caused by various factors, including lack of sleep, poor nutrition, stress, medical conditions (such as anemia, diabetes, heart disease, or cancer), medications, and substance abuse. Fatigue can also be a symptom of depression or other mental health disorders. In medical terms, fatigue is often described as a subjective feeling of tiredness that is not proportional to recent activity levels and interferes with usual functioning. It is important to consult a healthcare professional if experiencing persistent or severe fatigue to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Preanesthetic medication, also known as premedication, refers to the administration of medications before anesthesia to help prepare the patient for the upcoming procedure. These medications can serve various purposes, such as:

1. Anxiolysis: Reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation in patients before surgery.
2. Amnesia: Causing temporary memory loss to help patients forget the events leading up to the surgery.
3. Analgesia: Providing pain relief to minimize discomfort during and after the procedure.
4. Antisialagogue: Decreasing saliva production to reduce the risk of aspiration during intubation.
5. Bronchodilation: Relaxing bronchial smooth muscles, which can help improve respiratory function in patients with obstructive lung diseases.
6. Antiemetic: Preventing or reducing the likelihood of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
7. Sedation: Inducing a state of calmness and drowsiness to facilitate a smooth induction of anesthesia.

Common preanesthetic medications include benzodiazepines (e.g., midazolam), opioids (e.g., fentanyl), anticholinergics (e.g., glycopyrrolate), and H1-antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine). The choice of preanesthetic medication depends on the patient's medical history, comorbidities, and the type of anesthesia to be administered.

Promethazine is an antihistamine and phenothiazine derivative, which is commonly used for its sedative, anti-emetic (prevents vomiting), and anti-allergic properties. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms, and by blocking the action of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps transmit signals.

Promethazine is used to treat various conditions such as allergies, motion sickness, nausea and vomiting, and as a sedative before and after surgery or medical procedures. It may also be used for its calming effects in children with certain behavioral disorders.

Like all medications, promethazine can have side effects, including drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and dizziness. More serious side effects may include seizures, irregular heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when taking promethazine and to report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly.

Leukopenia is a medical term used to describe an abnormally low white blood cell (WBC) count in the blood. White blood cells are crucial components of the body's immune system, helping to fight infections and diseases. A normal WBC count ranges from 4,500 to 11,000 cells per microliter (μL) of blood in most laboratories. Leukopenia is typically diagnosed when the WBC count falls below 4,500 cells/μL.

There are several types of white blood cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Neutropenia, a specific type of leukopenia, refers to an abnormally low neutrophil count (less than 1,500 cells/μL). Neutropenia increases the risk of bacterial and fungal infections since neutrophils play a significant role in combating these types of pathogens.

Leukopenia can result from various factors, such as viral infections, certain medications (like chemotherapy or radiation therapy), bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, or congenital conditions affecting white blood cell production. It is essential to identify the underlying cause of leukopenia to provide appropriate treatment and prevent complications.

Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, is a colorless and non-flammable gas with a slightly sweet odor and taste. In medicine, it's commonly used for its anesthetic and pain reducing effects. It is often used in dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth to help reduce anxiety and provide mild sedation. Nitrous oxide works by binding to the hemoglobin in red blood cells, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, but this effect is usually not significant at the low concentrations used for analgesia and anxiolysis. It's also considered relatively safe when administered by a trained medical professional because it does not cause depression of the respiratory system or cardiovascular function.

Intravenous injections are a type of medical procedure where medication or fluids are administered directly into a vein using a needle and syringe. This route of administration is also known as an IV injection. The solution injected enters the patient's bloodstream immediately, allowing for rapid absorption and onset of action. Intravenous injections are commonly used to provide quick relief from symptoms, deliver medications that are not easily absorbed by other routes, or administer fluids and electrolytes in cases of dehydration or severe illness. It is important that intravenous injections are performed using aseptic technique to minimize the risk of infection.

Deoxycytidine is a chemical compound that is a component of DNA, one of the nucleic acids in living organisms. It is a nucleoside, consisting of the sugar deoxyribose and the base cytosine. Deoxycytidine pairs with guanine via hydrogen bonds to form base pairs in the double helix structure of DNA.

In biochemistry, deoxycytidine can also exist as a free nucleoside, not bound to other molecules. It is involved in various cellular processes related to DNA metabolism and replication. Deoxycytidine can be phosphorylated to form deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), which is an important intermediate in the synthesis of DNA.

It's worth noting that while deoxycytidine is a component of DNA, its counterpart in RNA is cytidine, which contains ribose instead of deoxyribose as the sugar component.

Pain measurement, in a medical context, refers to the quantification or evaluation of the intensity and/or unpleasantness of a patient's subjective pain experience. This is typically accomplished through the use of standardized self-report measures such as numerical rating scales (NRS), visual analog scales (VAS), or categorical scales (mild, moderate, severe). In some cases, physiological measures like heart rate, blood pressure, and facial expressions may also be used to supplement self-reported pain ratings. The goal of pain measurement is to help healthcare providers better understand the nature and severity of a patient's pain in order to develop an effective treatment plan.

Acupuncture therapy is a form of traditional Chinese medicine that involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of energy (Qi), balance the vital force (Chi), and promote healing. It is based on the concept of meridians, or pathways, through which this energy flows. Acupuncture therapy is used to treat a variety of conditions, including pain, stress, anxiety, insomnia, digestive disorders, and reproductive health issues. According to Western medicine, acupuncture may work by stimulating the nervous system, increasing blood flow, and releasing natural pain-relieving chemicals called endorphins. It is generally considered safe when performed by a qualified practitioner using sterile needles.

Dizziness is a term used to describe a range of sensations, such as feeling lightheaded, faint, unsteady, or a false sense of spinning or moving. Medically, dizziness is often described as a non-specific symptom that can be caused by various underlying conditions or factors. These may include:

1. Inner ear disorders (such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, or Meniere's disease)
2. Cardiovascular problems (like low blood pressure, arrhythmias, or orthostatic hypotension)
3. Neurological issues (such as migraines, multiple sclerosis, or stroke)
4. Anxiety disorders and panic attacks
5. Side effects of medications
6. Dehydration or overheating
7. Infections (like viral infections or bacterial meningitis)
8. Head or neck injuries
9. Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent dizziness, as it can be a sign of a more severe underlying condition. The appropriate treatment will depend on the specific cause of the dizziness.

Pruritus is a medical term derived from Latin, in which "prurire" means "to itch." It refers to an unpleasant sensation on the skin that provokes the desire or reflex to scratch. This can be caused by various factors, such as skin conditions (e.g., dryness, eczema, psoriasis), systemic diseases (e.g., liver disease, kidney failure), nerve disorders, psychological conditions, or reactions to certain medications.

Pruritus can significantly affect a person's quality of life, leading to sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Proper identification and management of the underlying cause are essential for effective treatment.

Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty in passing stools that are often hard and dry. The medical definition of constipation varies, but it is generally defined as having fewer than three bowel movements in a week. In addition to infrequent bowel movements, other symptoms of constipation can include straining during bowel movements, feeling like you haven't completely evacuated your bowels, and experiencing hard or lumpy stools.

Constipation can have many causes, including a low-fiber diet, dehydration, certain medications, lack of physical activity, and underlying medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome or hypothyroidism. In most cases, constipation can be treated with lifestyle changes, such as increasing fiber intake, drinking more water, and getting regular exercise. However, if constipation is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms, it's important to seek medical attention to rule out any underlying conditions that may require treatment.

Obstetrical analgesia refers to the use of medications or techniques to relieve pain during childbirth. The goal of obstetrical analgesia is to provide comfort and relaxation for the mother during labor and delivery while minimizing risks to both the mother and the baby. There are several methods of obstetrical analgesia, including:

1. Systemic opioids: These medications, such as morphine or fentanyl, can be given intravenously to help reduce the pain of contractions. However, they can cause side effects such as drowsiness, nausea, and respiratory depression in the mother and may also affect the baby's breathing and alertness at birth.
2. Regional anesthesia: This involves numbing a specific area of the body using local anesthetics. The two most common types of regional anesthesia used during childbirth are epidural and spinal anesthesia.

a. Epidural anesthesia: A catheter is inserted into the lower back, near the spinal cord, to deliver a continuous infusion of local anesthetic and sometimes opioids. This numbs the lower half of the body, reducing the pain of contractions and allowing for a more comfortable delivery. Epidural anesthesia can also be used for cesarean sections.

b. Spinal anesthesia: A single injection of local anesthetic is given into the spinal fluid, numbing the lower half of the body. This type of anesthesia is often used for cesarean sections and can also be used for vaginal deliveries in some cases.

3. Nitrous oxide: Also known as laughing gas, this colorless, odorless gas can be inhaled through a mask to help reduce anxiety and provide some pain relief during labor. It is not commonly used in the United States but is more popular in other countries.

When choosing an obstetrical analgesia method, it's essential to consider the potential benefits and risks for both the mother and the baby. Factors such as the mother's health, the progression of labor, and personal preferences should all be taken into account when making this decision. It is crucial to discuss these options with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate choice for each individual situation.

Anorexia is a medical condition defined as a loss of appetite or aversion to food, leading to significant weight loss. It can be a symptom of various underlying causes, such as mental health disorders (most commonly an eating disorder called anorexia nervosa), gastrointestinal issues, cancer, infections, or side effects of medication. In this definition, we are primarily referring to anorexia as a symptom rather than the specific eating disorder anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa is a psychological eating disorder characterized by:

1. Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight (in context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health)
2. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain
3. Disturbed body image, such as overvaluation of self-worth regarding shape or weight, or denial of the seriousness of low body weight

Anorexia nervosa has two subtypes: restricting type and binge eating/purging type. The restricting type involves limiting food intake without engaging in binge eating or purging behaviors (such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas). In contrast, the binge eating/purging type includes recurrent episodes of binge eating and compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.

It is essential to differentiate between anorexia as a symptom and anorexia nervosa as a distinct psychological disorder when discussing medical definitions.

A Cesarean section, often referred to as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby. It involves making an incision through the mother's abdomen and uterus to remove the baby. This procedure may be necessary when a vaginal delivery would put the mother or the baby at risk.

There are several reasons why a C-section might be recommended, including:

* The baby is in a breech position (feet first) or a transverse position (sideways) and cannot be turned to a normal head-down position.
* The baby is too large to safely pass through the mother's birth canal.
* The mother has a medical condition, such as heart disease or high blood pressure, that could make vaginal delivery risky.
* The mother has an infection, such as HIV or herpes, that could be passed to the baby during a vaginal delivery.
* The labor is not progressing and there are concerns about the health of the mother or the baby.

C-sections are generally safe for both the mother and the baby, but like any surgery, they do carry some risks. These can include infection, bleeding, blood clots, and injury to nearby organs. In addition, women who have a C-section are more likely to experience complications in future pregnancies, such as placenta previa or uterine rupture.

If you have questions about whether a C-section is necessary for your delivery, it's important to discuss your options with your healthcare provider.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Neutropenia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low concentration (less than 1500 cells/mm3) of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in fighting off bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophils are essential components of the innate immune system, and their main function is to engulf and destroy microorganisms that can cause harm to the body.

Neutropenia can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the severity of the neutrophil count reduction:

* Mild neutropenia: Neutrophil count between 1000-1500 cells/mm3
* Moderate neutropenia: Neutrophil count between 500-1000 cells/mm3
* Severe neutropenia: Neutrophil count below 500 cells/mm3

Severe neutropenia significantly increases the risk of developing infections, as the body's ability to fight off microorganisms is severely compromised. Common causes of neutropenia include viral infections, certain medications (such as chemotherapy or antibiotics), autoimmune disorders, and congenital conditions affecting bone marrow function. Treatment for neutropenia typically involves addressing the underlying cause, administering granulocyte-colony stimulating factors to boost neutrophil production, and providing appropriate antimicrobial therapy to prevent or treat infections.

Sufentanil is a potent, synthetic opioid analgesic that is approximately 5-10 times more potent than fentanyl and 1000 times more potent than morphine. It is primarily used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain in surgical settings, as an adjunct to anesthesia, or for obstetrical analgesia during labor and delivery.

Sufentanil works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which inhibits the transmission of pain signals to the brain. It has a rapid onset of action and a short duration of effect, making it useful for procedures that require intense analgesia for brief periods.

Like other opioids, sufentanil can cause respiratory depression, sedation, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. It should be used with caution in patients with compromised respiratory function or those who are taking other central nervous system depressants.

Alopecia is a medical term that refers to the loss of hair or baldness. It can occur in various parts of the body, but it's most commonly used to describe hair loss from the scalp. Alopecia can have several causes, including genetics, hormonal changes, medical conditions, and aging.

There are different types of alopecia, such as:

* Alopecia Areata: It is a condition that causes round patches of hair loss on the scalp or other parts of the body. The immune system attacks the hair follicles, causing the hair to fall out.
* Androgenetic Alopecia: Also known as male pattern baldness or female pattern baldness, it's a genetic condition that causes gradual hair thinning and eventual hair loss, typically following a specific pattern.
* Telogen Effluvium: It is a temporary hair loss condition caused by stress, medication, pregnancy, or other factors that can cause the hair follicles to enter a resting phase, leading to shedding and thinning of the hair.

The treatment for alopecia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, such as with telogen effluvium, hair growth may resume without any treatment. However, other forms of alopecia may require medical intervention, including topical treatments, oral medications, or even hair transplant surgery in severe cases.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

'Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3' refer to a specific type of serotonin receptor called the 5-HT3 receptor, which is a ligand-gated ion channel found in the cell membrane. Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various physiological functions, including mood regulation, appetite control, and nausea.

The 5-HT3 receptor is activated by serotonin and mediates fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is permeable to sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+) ions, allowing for the rapid depolarization of neurons and the initiation of action potentials.

The 5-HT3 receptor has been a target for drug development, particularly in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, as well as irritable bowel syndrome. Antagonists of the 5-HT3 receptor, such as ondansetron and granisetron, work by blocking the receptor and preventing serotonin from activating it, thereby reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting.

Piperidines are not a medical term per se, but they are a class of organic compounds that have important applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Medically relevant piperidines include various drugs such as some antihistamines, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants.

A piperidine is a heterocyclic amine with a six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. The structure can be described as a cyclic secondary amine. Piperidines are found in some natural alkaloids, such as those derived from the pepper plant (Piper nigrum), which gives piperidines their name.

In a medical context, it is more common to encounter specific drugs that belong to the class of piperidines rather than the term itself.

A placebo is a substance or treatment that has no inherent therapeutic effect. It is often used in clinical trials as a control against which the effects of a new drug or therapy can be compared. Placebos are typically made to resemble the active treatment, such as a sugar pill for a medication trial, so that participants cannot tell the difference between what they are receiving and the actual treatment.

The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon where patients experience real improvements in their symptoms or conditions even when given a placebo. This may be due to psychological factors such as belief in the effectiveness of the treatment, suggestion, or conditioning. The placebo effect is often used as a comparison group in clinical trials to help determine if the active treatment has a greater effect than no treatment at all.

Camptothecin is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, which is a type of chemotherapeutic agent used in cancer treatment. It works by interfering with the function of an enzyme called topoisomerase I, which helps to uncoil DNA during cell division. By inhibiting this enzyme, camptothecin prevents the cancer cells from dividing and growing, ultimately leading to their death.

Camptothecin is found naturally in the bark and stem of the Camptotheca acuminata tree, also known as the "happy tree," which is native to China. It was first isolated in 1966 and has since been developed into several synthetic derivatives, including irinotecan and topotecan, which are used clinically to treat various types of cancer, such as colon, lung, and ovarian cancers.

Like other chemotherapeutic agents, camptothecin can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow function). It is important for patients receiving camptothecin-based therapies to be closely monitored by their healthcare team to manage these side effects effectively.

Diarrhea is a condition in which an individual experiences loose, watery stools frequently, often exceeding three times a day. It can be acute, lasting for several days, or chronic, persisting for weeks or even months. Diarrhea can result from various factors, including viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections, food intolerances, medications, and underlying medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. Dehydration is a potential complication of diarrhea, particularly in severe cases or in vulnerable populations like young children and the elderly.

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1964). Nausea. New York: New Directions. p. iv. ISBN 0-8112-0188-0. "Nausea". Robert Crumb. HUP #3, Last Gasp, November 1989 ... Certainly, Nausea gives us a few of the clearest and hence most useful images of man in our time that we possess; and this, as ... He writes that Nausea "may well be Sartre's best book for the very reason that in it the intellectual and the creative artist ... Steven Ungar compares Nausea with French novels of different periods, such as Madame de La Fayette's La Princesse de Clèves ( ...
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Retrieved 2009-04-26.[dead link] Kaell, Hillary (2003-03-10). "Nausea? What's A Little Nausea?". McGill Daily. Archived from ...
... nausea; drowsiness; headache; and vomiting. "1-Octanethiol". Sigma-Aldrich. "L07195 1-Octanethiol, 98%". Alfa Aesar. Record of ...
Typical symptoms are pallor, sweating, shortness of breath, blurred vision, dizziness, nausea, hypotension and numbness of the ... nausea; sensations of flushing; tingling or numbness of the arms or legs; anxiety; visual disturbance; or faintness. HSE ...
Nausea (2017) was made in a number of elementary schools across several Southern states in the USA between 1991 and 1992. 12Hz ... Nausea. London: Mack, 2017. ISBN 978-1-910164-79-2. 12Hz. London: Mack, 2020. ISBN 978-1-912339-92-1. With a text by Paul ... Feuerhelm, Brad (30 June 2017). "Ron Jude's Nausea: The Scissors and the Cockroach". American Suburb X. Retrieved 2020-11-29. " ... Campion, Darren (6 July 2017). "Ron Jude - Nausea". Paper Journal. Retrieved 2020-12-02. Colberg, Jörg. "Heart of Darkness". ...
Nausea! Bad acting!". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. Retrieved 1 June 2011. Martin, Hugo (21 ...
... nausea; and abdominal pain. Infants may not show symptoms of CSID until they begin to eat sucrose- and starch-containing foods ...
... nausea; excessive fatigue or tiredness; diarrhea; sore throat; and being unable to concentrate." In another study conducted by ... reported that some residents along the coast reported smelling odors and experiencing nausea, headaches, eye, nose, and throat ...
"; "Nausea". Bibi Khanom's Starling (1968) - collection of short stories, including: "Bibi Khanom's Starling" (two French ...
... nausea; and ringing in the ears. In October 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the drug label to be ...
... nausea; and diarrhea) occurred. However, one patient developed elevations in the blood levels of three liver enzymes, alanine ...
Common symptoms include headaches; abdominal, back, joint, rectal, or urinary pain; nausea; fever and/or night sweats; itching ...
Sartre dealt with existentialist themes in his 1938 novel Nausea and the short stories in his 1939 collection The Wall, and had ... Jean-Paul Sartre's 1938 novel Nausea was "steeped in Existential ideas", and is considered an accessible way of grasping his ... See James Wood's introduction to Sartre, Jean-Paul (2000). Nausea. London: Penguin Classics. p. vii. ISBN 978-0-141-18549-1. ... Sartre, Jean-Paul (2000) [1938]. "Nausea". Translated by Baldick, Robert. London: Penguin. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ...
Side effects include headache; runny nose; pain or pressure in the face; nausea; vomiting; and dry, itchy, sticky eyes. Serious ...
Ross, Alex (9 August 2004). "Nausea". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ...
Nausea! Bad acting!". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. Retrieved 1 June 2011. Lenburg, Jeff ( ...
Both men suffered dizziness; nausea; abdominal pain; irrationality; mucosal fissuring; skin, hair, and nail loss; and the ...
... nausea; cough, phlegm congestion; allergic or asthma-like respiratory response; increased risk for cardiac events; cancer, and ...
Nausea is a non-specific symptom, which means that it has many possible causes. Some common causes of nausea are ... Nausea is a side effect of many medications including chemotherapy, or morning sickness in early pregnancy. Nausea may also be ... Nausea may be caused by depression, anxiety disorders and eating disorders. While most causes of nausea are not serious, some ... The word nausea is from Latin nausea, from Greek ναυσία - nausia, "ναυτία" - nautia, motion sickness, "feeling sick or queasy ...
Read more about nausea and vomiting and the conditions that cause them. ... Nausea and vomiting - adults (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * When you have nausea and vomiting (Medical Encyclopedia) ... What are nausea and vomiting?. Nausea is when you feel sick to your stomach, as if you are going to throw up. Vomiting is when ... What causes nausea and vomiting?. Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of many different conditions, including:. *Morning ...
PRNewswire/ -- Nausea - Pipeline Review, H2 2015 Summary Global Markets Directs, Nausea - Pipeline Review, H2 2015, provides ... Scope of Nausea Industry analysis. - The report provides a snapshot of the global therapeutic landscape of Nausea. - The report ... Nausea - Pipeline Review, H2 2015. Summary. Global Markets Directs, Nausea - Pipeline Review, H2 2015, provides an overview ... Coverage of the Nausea pipeline on the basis of target, MoA, route of administration and molecule type. - Latest news and deals ...
Increased Thirst And Nausea Or Vomiting and their most common related conditions. ... Nausea and vomiting can accompany digestive conditions and infections as well as conditions such as labyrinthitis or headache. ... Headache, Increased Thirst And Nausea Or Vomiting. *Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD ... The most common signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The most common cause ...
Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of many health conditions. Here, learn about some common causes, get some treatment tips, ... What causes constant nausea and how to treat it. Many conditions can cause long-term or constant nausea. Here are some common ... Several conditions may cause nausea and vomiting.. There are many possible causes of nausea and vomiting, including those below ... Rull, G. (2018). Medicines for nausea. https://patient.info/digestive-health/nausea-and-vomiting/medicines-for-nausea#nav-0. ...
... including possible causes of nausea, related symptoms, and nausea remedies, including nausea medicine. ... When should you see a doctor for nausea? Nausea does not always lead to vomiting. Most causes of nausea are not serious and ... What is nausea?. Nausea is a very common symptom that people often describe as a feeling of queasiness or wooziness, or a need ... Treating nausea is not always necessary. It depends on the cause and your comfort. For simple causes of nausea, such as ...
Over the counter medicines can provide relief for nausea and vomiting, but there are a number of precautions to be aware of ... They block messages to the part of the brain that controls nausea and vomiting. This is why they work best if you take them ... Medicines that treat nausea and vomiting are called antiemetics. Several OTC medicines are used as antiemetics. These include: ... Bismuth subsalicylate (2 brand names: Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol). This medicine may help treat some types of nausea and vomiting ...
Why Some Chemotherapy Agents Cause: Nausea and/or Vomiting. *How Health Care Teams Approach Prevention of: Nausea and/or ...
Vomiting or throwing up often goes along with nausea. Several different aspects of cancer care can cause nausea. This handout ... answers questions about nausea and vomiting and offers tips for coping with this side effect. ... Nausea is a sick or queasy feeling in your stomach. ... What causes nausea and vomiting?. Nausea and vomiting can be ... Vomiting or "throwing up" often goes along with nausea. Many things can cause nausea. While nausea with cancer therapy was ...
I have unisom, 25mg of B6, and magnesium lotion. Now where do I start! Whats worked for you!? Im desperate.
Nausea is a type of discomfort in your stomach, in which you feel like you need to vomit. Headaches and nausea are very common ... Headaches and nausea are very common symptoms. They can range from mild to severe. Learn more on how to recognize a potential ... Headaches and nausea sometimes occur together. Depending on their severity and how long they present together, they may be a ... Nausea is a type of discomfort in your stomach in which you feel like you need to vomit. ...
Information and resources for cancer patients dealing with nausea and vomiting while undergoing chemotherapy and other cancer ... Nausea and Vomiting. *Preventing Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting, Oct 28, 2019 ... Nausea and fatigue are common side effects in cancer treatment but can be well managed with the help of your health care team ... Nausea and Vomiting. CancerCare provides information, resources and support to help people coping with cancer better manage ...
This Primer provides a comprehensive review of the current state of basic science and clinical knowledge on nausea and vomiting ... Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a common condition that affects as many as 70% of pregnant women. Although no ... Fejzo, M.S., Trovik, J., Grooten, I.J. et al. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum. Nat Rev Dis Primers ... Protein meals reduce nausea and gastric slow wave dysrhythmic activity in first trimester pregnancy. Am. J. Physiol. 277, G855- ...
All about nausea and vomiting *Signs of pregnancy: when does morning sickness start? ...
Link tags: nausea. 1. Your Interactive Makes Me Sick - Features - Source: An OpenNews project Browsers have had consistent ... interactivity design parallax effects browsers articles animation movement health interactive frontend development nausea ...
... like chemo or radiation can cause nausea and vomiting. How likely you are to have nausea & vomiting depends on many things. ... Nausea and vomiting due to radiation therapy. Nausea and vomiting can be caused by radiation therapy based on:. The part of the ... Nausea and vomiting due to chemo and other drugs that treat cancer. You may hear treatment-related nausea and vomiting also ... Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In Brown CG, ed. A Guide to Oncology Symptom Management. 2nd ed. Pittsburgh, PA: ...
Vitamin B6 for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. The authors have chosen to use an n of 1 trial of vitamin B6 treatment for ... 2. How would you apply this evidence to other patients presenting with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy? ... a pregnant woman suffering from nausea and vomiting is unlikely to be treated efficiently and she will not be able to achieve ... Treating nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: case progression. BMJ 2004; 328 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7435.337 ( ...
... nausea, and vomiting. Chronic users require increasing dosages for the analgesic effects. Althou... ... Intractable nausea and vomiting in naïve ingestion of kratom for analgesia. *Singh V ... Singh, V., Mulla, N., Wilson, J. L., Umansky, A., Lee, J., Stead, T., & Ganti, L. (2020). Intractable nausea and vomiting in ... nausea, and vomiting. Chronic users require increasing dosages for the analgesic effects. Although kratom use dates back to the ...
Nausea and Vomiting. Nausea, with or without vomiting, is common in early pregnancy, usually self-limiting, [4, 5] and occurs ... Risk factors for nausea in pregnancy include youth, obesity, first pregnancy, and smoking. Nausea tends to recur in subsequent ... Nausea in pregnancy occurs in 91% of women in the first trimester, generally in the first 6 to 8 weeks. In its mild form, ... 8, 9, 10] This condition may be considered to be at the severe end of the spectrum of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, but the ...
The injectable compounds also avoid the side effects of nausea and vomiting that are common with current weight-loss and ... "What if we could maintain the benefit of chemotherapy drugs but tell the part of the brain that causes vomiting and nausea to ... Obesity treatment could offer dramatic weight loss without surgery or nausea. Date:. March 29, 2023. Source:. American Chemical ... "For a long time, we didnt think you could separate weight reduction from nausea and vomiting, because theyre linked to the ...
Seminal grindcore band Nausea released a genre-defining album in 1989s World Downfall. A quarter of a century on, they have ... Nausea. Willowtip Records. Released January 7, 2014. www.facebook.com/nauseala. Seminal grindcore band Nausea released a genre- ... What do you think you have brought to Nauseas sound? I tried from the get-go to add my own flare. I suggested a lower tuning ... Nausea have a solid live reputation and have been touring extensively over the past few years. Youve just been playing Mexico ...
Work with your doctor to understand whether your chemotherapy is likely to cause nausea and vomiting. Treatments can prevent ... What additional measures can you take to prevent nausea and vomiting?. You can take steps to reduce your risk of nausea and ... Whos at risk of chemotherapy nausea and vomiting?. Whether youll experience nausea and vomiting as a result of chemotherapy ... Chemotherapy nausea and vomiting: Prevention is best defense. Not everyone experiences nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy ...
So make every effort to find a way to deal with the worst of the nausea, try to prevent the nausea from getting worse, and ... If you are one of the unfortunate women who do not respond at all to the nausea self-care suggestions and your nausea is severe ... causing more nausea----------see the cycle? So often the mother, by not eating when nauseous, is led into even worse nausea. ... Ideas for Minimizing Nausea. Remember, all of these are just ideas that have worked for some people. There are no guarantees! ...
Exercise-induced nausea can put a damper on a great workout. Drink plenty of water, eat properly and progress exercises slowly ... 5 Tips to Avoid Exercise-Induced Nausea and Vomiting By Kay Ireland Updated Apr 10, 2019 Reviewed by Aubrey Bailey, PT, DPT, CF ... Exercise-induced nausea can result from working out too hard, too fast. Exercise to your ability and increase your intensity in ... Foods That Help with Nausea According to Precision Nutrition, you should consume a small meal one to two hours before you ...
Diet and healthy habits can help ease nausea. Natural therapies have been used to ease nausea and prevent vomiting. ... Nausea is an uneasy feeling in the stomach. It may make someone want to vomit. It is a symptom of many health problems. ... These therapies may ease nausea: * Chamomile is a flower that can be taken as a supplement, made into a tea, or applied as a ... Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(11): ...
NAUSEA RELIEF (dextrose (glucose), levulose- fructose, phosphoric acid solution. To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL ... NAUSEA RELIEF (dextrose (glucose), levulose- fructose, phosphoric acid solution. If this SPL contains inactivated NDCs listed ... NAUSEA RELIEF (dextrose (glucose), levulose- fructose, phosphoric acid solution. Number of versions: 3. ...
Home treatment may be all that is needed to treat mild nausea caused by cancer or the side effects of chemotherapy or radiation ... For this kind of nausea, medicine doesnt seem to work well. But these things can help:. * Distract yourself, whether it is ... Home treatment may be all that is needed to treat mild nausea caused by cancer or the side effects of chemotherapy or radiation ... If you are having chemotherapy, your doctor can give you medicines to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. Be sure to tell ...
... MegaFood , March 2020 Pregnancy is an incredible time of life full of changes ... Nausea relief from the power of ginger and B6* MegaFood , March 2020 Pregnancy is an incredible time of life full of changes ... Fortunately, there are a range of commonly recommended remedies that can help you feel better when the nausea kicks in. Things ... Nausea relief from the power of ginger and B6*. MegaFood , March 2020 ...
While it usually persists only during the early weeks, up to 30% of women can suffer with nausea beyond 20 weeks or even up to ... But extended bouts of nausea can leave an expectant mother malnourished. That can lead to low birth weight or a preterm birth. ... About 80 to 90% of women suffer nausea at some point during their pregnancy. Although its called "morning sickness" it can ... After reviewing all of the studies the researchers concluded that ginger significantly improved the symptoms of nausea in ...
I think its crazy no for nausea to come full circle. I puked yesterday and literally peed on the floor this is crazy lol ... I thought it was only me lol! I felt weird having nausea for the past few days. My appetite is almost gone! Sometimes I dont ... I think its crazy no for nausea to come full circle. I puked yesterday and literally peed on the floor this is crazy lol ... Yeah my nausea came back last week maybe. Im definitely not eating that much. ...
  • Nausea symptoms can be short-term and disappear quickly, as in the case of indigestion . (healthgrades.com)
  • But symptoms can also be long-lasting or recur over a period of days, weeks, and months, such as nausea induced by migraine, cancer, pancreatitis , certain medications, or body trauma. (healthgrades.com)
  • Nausea occurs with other symptoms affecting the digestive system as well as other body systems. (healthgrades.com)
  • What other symptoms might occur with nausea? (healthgrades.com)
  • Nausea may be accompanied by other symptoms depending on the underlying disease, disorder, or condition. (healthgrades.com)
  • In some cases, nausea may accompany symptoms that might indicate a serious or life-threatening condition that should be immediately evaluated in an emergency setting. (healthgrades.com)
  • Headaches and nausea are very common symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Your recommended treatment plan for headache and nausea will depend on the cause of your symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Background: Kratom is a habit-forming opioid-like substance with an acute toxidrome of various symptoms such as diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. (mendeley.com)
  • The severity of symptoms dictates the approach to therapy in a pregnant patient with nausea. (medscape.com)
  • In fact, women with mild nausea and vomiting in pregnancy appear to have better pregnancy outcomes compared with women without these symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to liraglutide, tests with GEP44 in rats and shrews (a mammal that, unlike rats, is capable of vomiting) revealed no sign of nausea or vomiting, possibly because activating multiple receptors may cancel out the intracellular signaling pathway that drives those symptoms, Doyle says. (sciencedaily.com)
  • After reviewing all of the studies the researchers concluded that ginger significantly improved the symptoms of nausea in pregnancy compared to placebo. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • People report symptoms such as nausea, constipation, headaches, fatigue and sugar cravings, similar to influenza - apart from the sugar cravings. (port.ac.uk)
  • Symptoms of zinc toxicity include nausea, vomiting and fever. (diagnose-me.com)
  • It will treat your nausea, your pain and other symptoms. (getpalliativecare.org)
  • Nausea and vomiting are some of the most common symptoms for cancer patients, for example. (getpalliativecare.org)
  • Of those who suffer from nausea, 76% stated that their symptoms prevent them from enjoying life to the fullest. (prweb.com)
  • This echoes earlier research conducted by Reliefband, in which more than half of nausea sufferers (54%) said they experienced moderate to severe symptoms. (prweb.com)
  • Painful conditions like kidney stones, pancreatitis or gallstones can add to or cause nausea symptoms. (integrisok.com)
  • If you're experiencing nausea and along with other symptoms, it could be a warning sign that something serious is afoot, so listen to your body and call 911 or go to your closest emergency room. (integrisok.com)
  • 2005). Management of symptoms, including nausea and vomiting, is crucial to preventing delays in treatment related to dehydration or hospitalizations. (medscape.com)
  • Nausea is a side effect of many medications including chemotherapy, or morning sickness in early pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Nausea or "morning sickness" is common during early pregnancy but may occasionally continue into the second and third trimesters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pregnancy should therefore be considered as a possible cause of nausea in any sexually active woman of child-bearing age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nausea and vomiting are common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a common condition that affects as many as 70% of pregnant women. (nature.com)
  • Jarvis, S. & Nelson-Piercy, C. Management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. (nature.com)
  • Fairweather, D. V. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. (nature.com)
  • 2. How would you apply this evidence to other patients presenting with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy? (bmj.com)
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders represent some of the most frequent complaints during pregnancy, possibly due in part to elevated levels of progesterone (eg, nausea/vomiting, gastroesophagel reflux disease [GERD]) and/or prostaglandins (diarrhea). (medscape.com)
  • Nausea in pregnancy occurs in 91% of women in the first trimester, generally in the first 6 to 8 weeks. (medscape.com)
  • Hyperemesis gravidarum occurs in 3 to 10 cases per 1000 pregnancies and is characterized by intractable nausea and vomiting that occurs in early pregnancy, leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. (medscape.com)
  • Unfortunately, nausea can interfere disastrously in the quest for sound nutrition, especially in the critical first trimester of pregnancy when the basic formation of all the baby's systems and organs are taking place. (plus-size-pregnancy.org)
  • Most women finish the nausea stage by the end of the first trimester, but some women experience it through the second trimester, and a few even have it for the whole pregnancy. (plus-size-pregnancy.org)
  • About 80 to 90% of women suffer nausea at some point during their pregnancy. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Do not include nausea that has an obvious cause, for example pregnancy, hunger or motion sickness. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Alliance Pharma has announced the launch of Xonvea in the UK to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) in women who do not respond to conservative management. (pharmatimes.com)
  • I am delighted that at last the UK has a licensed medication for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy where conservative treatment has failed," added Professor Catherine Nelson0Piercy, consultant obstetric physician. (pharmatimes.com)
  • Although nobody is exactly sure why nausea develops during early pregnancy, it probably has something to do with the influx of hormones that a woman experiences. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • Pregnancy frequently causes nausea and vomiting. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This type of nausea and vomiting usually starts around 5 weeks of pregnancy and is at its worst at about 9 weeks. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Usually, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are related to the pregnancy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A number of conditions involving balance such as motion sickness and vertigo can lead to nausea and vomiting. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain types may help prevent nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness. (familydoctor.org)
  • You've experienced nausea and vomiting with previous treatments, or you have a history of motion sickness. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Acupressure bands, which are available for motion sickness, may help reduce nausea. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Motion sickness is another of the causes of nausea, and it can bring nausea to quite a few people. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • Ginger is the classic remedy for nausea that is a symptom of motion sickness. (dreamingearth.com)
  • Anxiety-related to cancer and its treatments can lead to nausea. (oncolink.org)
  • Exercising on a completely empty stomach could lead to nausea because of low blood sugar, whereas exercising on a full stomach means moving around before your food is completely digested. (livestrong.com)
  • Nausea is when you feel sick to your stomach, as if you are going to throw up. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This medicine may help treat some types of nausea and vomiting, such as from gastroenteritis (stomach flu). (familydoctor.org)
  • Nausea is a "sick" or "queasy" feeling in your stomach. (oncolink.org)
  • Nausea is a type of discomfort in your stomach in which you feel like you need to vomit. (healthline.com)
  • Nausea is an uneasy feeling in the stomach. (epnet.com)
  • Peppermint may relax tight muscles in your stomach and help decrease the stomach contractions that may be causing your nausea. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Even though you perceive nausea in your stomach, it doesn't start there. (discovermagazine.com)
  • When dehydration limits the proper functioning of the stomach, it can cause nausea. (diagnose-me.com)
  • So, if the cause of the nausea has to do with too much acid in the stomach, or acid rising from the stomach into the esophagus, coke can have a relieving effect on the condition. (sunstoneonline.com)
  • Although it might be unpleasant, it is usually better to let the nausea run its course, so that your stomach can empty itself of the contents that are making it sick. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • You might need to take the medication on an empty stomach, or on a full stomach, in order to forgo the nausea. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • Infections can often cause stomach cramps, abdominal pain, and nausea. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • When you eat, an ulcer or sore in the lining of your stomach/small intestine, can cause a burning pain and a sudden burst of nausea. (integrisok.com)
  • Your doctor may prescribe medicine to keep you from feeling sick to your stomach (anti-nausea medicine). (wellspan.org)
  • Severe nausea and vomiting, called hyperemesis gravidarum, affects about 3% of pregnancies. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • May 16, 2023 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- Reliefband ®, an innovator in wearable technology that prevents and treats nausea and vomiting, has released its First Annual State of Nausea study. (prweb.com)
  • Other drugs (such as pain medicines) that may cause or worsen nausea and/or vomiting. (cancer.org)
  • The reverse is also true, however: A nauseous person will often become dehydrated because drinking fluids can worsen nausea or induce vomiting. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Medical conditions that cause or worsen nausea. (integrisok.com)
  • The smell of hot foods can make nausea worse. (oncolink.org)
  • Unpleasant odors, sights, and sounds may make nausea worse. (oncolink.org)
  • Try to stay away from strong food odours, which can make nausea worse. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Too much activity can make nausea worse. (integrisok.com)
  • What are the treatments for nausea and vomiting? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Treatments for nausea and vomiting depend on the cause. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nausea and vomiting can be caused by treatments for cancer, cancer itself, and by the feelings and emotions related to cancer treatment. (oncolink.org)
  • Cancer Care provides information, resources and support to help people coping with cancer better manage side effects from treatments, including nausea and vomiting. (cancercare.org)
  • Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy can cause nausea and vomiting. (cancer.org)
  • To learn more about remedies and treatments for relief from this ailment, read the other related nausea articles and pages on this website. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • To help you plan, we share causes of nausea, at home treatments and the warning signs that your nausea may require medical attention. (integrisok.com)
  • There are hundreds of reasons you might feel nauseated, and there are nearly as many treatments for nausea. (integrisok.com)
  • Nausea is a non-specific symptom, which means that it has many possible causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many diseases and conditions that affect the central nervous system (CNS) have nausea as a symptom. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Many pelvic and abdominal conditions have nausea as a symptom. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Nausea is a very common symptom that people often describe as a feeling of queasiness or wooziness, or a need to vomit. (healthgrades.com)
  • Nausea associated with head injury , bloody stools, or vomiting of blood can be a symptom of a serious, potentially life-threatening condition and should be immediately evaluated in an emergency setting. (healthgrades.com)
  • We begin by identifying the disease conditions which have "unexplained nausea" as a symptom. (diagnose-me.com)
  • In addition to nausea and vomiting you have pain, or a severe headache, especially if such a headache is something you have not experienced before. (integrisok.com)
  • Real ginger-not ginger flavouring-helps to reduce nausea. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Other conditions associated with headache and nausea include dehydration and low blood sugar. (healthline.com)
  • Dehydration often manifests as nausea. (livestrong.com)
  • Medications taken to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting are called antiemetics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Medicines that treat nausea and vomiting are called antiemetics. (familydoctor.org)
  • There are a number of ways that you can prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. (oncolink.org)
  • Anti-anxiety medications can be taken to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting. (oncolink.org)
  • If you are having chemotherapy, your doctor can give you medicines to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • The effectiveness of acupuncture in prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting--a systematic review and meta-analysis. (epnet.com)
  • Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. (epnet.com)
  • The effect of acupuncture on postoperative nausea and vomiting after pediatric tonsillectomy: A meta-analysis and systematic review. (epnet.com)
  • Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. (epnet.com)
  • Ginger (Zingiber officinale): An alternative for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. (epnet.com)
  • NEW ORLEANS -- There was no benefit to giving patients supplemental oxygen during surgery to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), according to a post hoc analysis of a randomized trial. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common complications of anaesthesia. (who.int)
  • A certain amount of unpleasantness is just going to have to be endured if you are one of the unlucky who experience nausea. (plus-size-pregnancy.org)
  • Patients who experience nausea or vomiting despite the use of prophylactic antiemetics frequently require additional medications, hydration, and sometimes hospitalization. (medscape.com)
  • Drugs that travel through the body are more likely to cause nausea and vomiting than treatment that only affects one area of the body, such as radiation therapy. (cancer.org)
  • Ask your doctor whether your treatment plan is likely to cause nausea and vomiting. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Your doctor can tell you whether the treatment you'll receive is likely to cause nausea and vomiting. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Many medications can potentially cause nausea. (wikipedia.org)
  • While nausea with cancer therapy was common years ago, there are now many medications that can treat this side effect. (oncolink.org)
  • If you have nausea and/or vomiting, talk to your oncology team about medications to manage this side effect. (oncolink.org)
  • Some medications used to treat cancer can cause nausea and vomiting. (oncolink.org)
  • Anti-nausea medications to be taken before and after treatment. (oncolink.org)
  • No relief after taking anti-nausea medications prescribed by your provider. (oncolink.org)
  • Nausea and fatigue are common side effects in cancer treatment but can be well managed with the help of your health care team and medications . (cancercare.org)
  • Most people undergoing chemotherapy receive anti-nausea (anti-emetic) medications to prevent nausea and vomiting. (mayoclinic.org)
  • There are many medications used to prevent nausea and vomiting. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Your doctor chooses anti-nausea medications based on how likely your chemotherapy drugs are to cause nausea and vomiting. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Even with medications, almost 50 percent still suffer nausea, Kiernan says. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Anti-nausea medications taken by cancer patients work by blocking the release of serotonin. (discovermagazine.com)
  • He started the music just when the patients took their anti-nausea medications before the meds had time to take full effect. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Aside from morning sickness, there are no sex differences in complaints of nausea. (wikipedia.org)
  • In its mild form, nausea is known as morning sickness . (medscape.com)
  • Our Morning Sickness ginger chews combine two well-known anti-nausea ingredients - ginger and vitamin B6 - into a convenient chew that helps alleviate nausea related to morning sickness. (megafood.com)
  • If you're struggling with morning sickness and are looking for something convenient to alleviate nausea*, Baby & Me 2 Morning Sickness Nausea Relief* Soft Chews were made for you! (megafood.com)
  • Other common causes of nausea reported in the study included health and mental health issues such as morning sickness, anxiety, chemotherapy treatment, migraines, and post-operative effects. (prweb.com)
  • Concerning morning sickness, nausea, and vomiting affect up to 80% of pregnant women, according to a study published by the National Institutes of Health . (prweb.com)
  • Your favorite foods during bouts of nausea and vomiting, so you will not associate them with feelings of nausea later on. (oncolink.org)
  • But extended bouts of nausea can leave an expectant mother malnourished. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Home treatment may be all that is needed to treat mild nausea caused by cancer or the side effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • In more severe cases there may be loss of appetite, nausea , vomiting, constipation, confusion or impaired thinking and memory, and increased thirst and urination. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Who's at risk of chemotherapy nausea and vomiting? (mayoclinic.org)
  • Searching PubMed currently (9/2020) brings up 282 results for the search terms acupuncture+chemotherapy+nausea. (healingcancernaturally.com)
  • If nausea occurs in the days/ weeks following treatment, it may be helpful to take an anti-nausea medication about 30 minutes before meals or consistently on a scheduled basis. (oncolink.org)
  • In patients undergoing chemotherapy or surgery who received acupuncture, studies found not only decreased nausea and vomiting but also a measure of pain relief. (healingcancernaturally.com)
  • Migraine headaches are a common cause of combined headache and nausea. (healthline.com)
  • Delayed nausea and vomiting occurs between 25 and 120 hours after chemotherapy. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • In most cases, nausea occurs directly after eating a meal if it is food poisoning. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • Having a tumor in the brain, liver, or gastrointestinal tract may increase the risk for nausea and vomiting. (cancer.org)
  • Over a period of five days, 12 patients listened to their favorite music for 30 minutes each time they took their nausea medication. (discovermagazine.com)
  • There are some medicines that can treatment nausea and vomiting. (medlineplus.gov)
  • How likely you are to have nausea and vomiting while getting treatment depends on many things. (cancer.org)
  • There's no way to know for sure if you will have nausea and vomiting, but your doctor will consider these things when choosing anti-nausea and vomiting medicines to use with your cancer treatment. (cancer.org)
  • Certain factors may make you more vulnerable to treatment-related nausea and vomiting. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Nausea and vomiting can make you feel miserable, add to your fatigue and distress, and make you reluctant to stick to your treatment schedule. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Electrothermal acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized controlled trial]. (epnet.com)
  • The best way to control nausea and vomiting is to start treating it before you start your cancer treatment. (wellspan.org)
  • Having a light meal or snack before treatment may help prevent nausea. (wellspan.org)
  • If you have nausea during your treatment, try eating earlier-at least an hour or two before your next treatment. (wellspan.org)
  • Try distraction or relaxation techniques if you have nausea right before treatment. (wellspan.org)
  • According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN, 2012a), prevention of nausea and vomiting is the primary goal of antiemetic treatment for all patients receiving cancer therapy. (medscape.com)
  • The primary strategy in treating anticipatory nausea and vomiting is prevention through the consistent use of optimal antiemetic therapy beginning with the initial cycle of treatment (NCCN, 2012a). (medscape.com)
  • To estimate the incidence and to evaluate risk factors for antineoplastic nausea and vomiting with high and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy in adult patients in the first treatment cycle. (bvsalud.org)
  • Breathe through your mouth slowly during times of severe nausea until the feeling passes. (oncolink.org)
  • Pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) is an alternative therapeutic agent in patients with severe nausea or vomiting. (medscape.com)
  • Pay attention to what smells trigger nausea for you and limit your exposure to unpleasant smells. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Nausea and vomiting are also common side effects of cancer therapy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sometimes the type of cancer you have can make you have nausea and vomiting too. (cancer.org)
  • Efficacy of acupuncture in prevention of delayed chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in gynecological cancer patients. (epnet.com)
  • Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy. (epnet.com)
  • According to the National Cancer Institute, around 80 percent of patients develop chemotherapy-related nausea. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Note: Searching the PubMed biomedical database (which only lists scientifically validated research) for terms such as 'nausea chemotherapy cannabis cannabinoid cancer' (in various combinations) will yield hundreds of results. (healingcancernaturally.com)
  • Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is crucial in maximizing patients' quality of life and optimizing outcomes of cancer therapy, and can be done more effectively than ever before. (medscape.com)
  • A study of patients with breast cancer who received aggressive antiemetics demonstrated improved appetite, better control of nausea and vomiting, and subsequent improved quality of life (Roldán et al. (medscape.com)
  • Headaches and nausea sometimes occur together. (healthline.com)
  • In many cases, mild to moderate headaches and nausea resolve on their own with time. (healthline.com)
  • If you experience headaches and nausea on a frequent basis, even if they're mild, make an appointment with your doctor. (healthline.com)
  • The patient complains of recurring headaches and nausea that started approximately 1 to 2 weeks ago and of recent angina attacks. (cdc.gov)
  • Varubi indicated for use in combination with other antiemetic agents to treat delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • The FDA has approved intravenous (IV) rolapitant (Varubi) for use in combination with other antiemetic agents to treat delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in adults, according to Tesaro, the manufacturer of the agent. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • The results suggest the risk factors for chemotherapy -induced nausea and vomiting are tobacco , age ( young adults ), and high emetogenic chemotherapy . (bvsalud.org)
  • So make every effort to find a way to deal with the worst of the nausea, try to prevent the nausea from getting worse, and strive for good nutrition in spite of everything. (plus-size-pregnancy.org)
  • If conservative management fails, then doxylamine succinate (class A) can be used for mild to moderate nausea. (medscape.com)
  • The patients experienced a reduction in the severity of nausea as well as in ratings of how much the nausea bothered them. (discovermagazine.com)
  • In Kiernan's study, in addition to grooving to their favorite tunes, the patients were also taking anti-nausea medicine. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Patients assigned to rolapitant also reported experiencing less nausea that interfered with normal daily life and fewer episodes of vomiting over multiple cycles of chemotherapy. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • The objective was to separately compare effectiveness of 1.25 mg of intravenous (IV) droperidol and 8 mg of IV ondansetron with 0.9% saline placebo for adult emergency department (ED) patients with nausea. (nih.gov)
  • For adult ED patients with nausea, superiority was not demonstrated for droperidol or ondansetron over placebo. (nih.gov)
  • This double-blind clinical trial assessed the incidence of nausea and vomiting after cataract surgery with intravenous anaesthesia in 100 patients randomly assigned to preinduction placebo (saline), metoclopramide (10 mg), dexamethasone (8 mg) or the 2 drugs combined. (who.int)
  • Cette étude clinique en double aveugle évaluait l'incidence des nausées et des vomissements après une chirurgie de la cataracte avec anesthésie par voie intraveineuse chez 100 patients auxquels un placebo (eau saline), du métoclopramide (10 mg), de la dexaméthasone (8 mg) ou les deux médicaments associés avaient été administrés de manière randomisée avant l'opération. (who.int)
  • L'association du métoclopramide et de la dexaméthasone a considérablement réduit les nausées et vomissements, non seulement en salle de réveil mais également dans les 24 heures qui suivent, et est recommandée pour les groupes à haut risque, notamment pour les patients opérés en ambulatoire. (who.int)
  • Nausea and vomiting are common. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Preconceptional and maternal nutritional deficiencies are extremely common.6 Without evidence based advice on essential nutrient supplementation and the implementation of low allergy dieting, a pregnant woman suffering from nausea and vomiting is unlikely to be treated efficiently and she will not be able to achieve adequate blood levels of nutrients for her foetus. (bmj.com)
  • The injectable compounds also avoid the side effects of nausea and vomiting that are common with current weight-loss and diabetes drugs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Abdominal pain, nausea, and fever are common. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The incidence of nausea and vomiting was evaluated in the acute phase (0-24 hours), in the late phase (24 hours-5th day) and in the total phase (0-5th day). (bvsalud.org)
  • The relative frequency of nausea was higher when compared with vomiting in the acute phase (p (bvsalud.org)
  • Exercising too strenuously when your body isn't in condition could lead to overexertion, which results in nausea, lightheadedness and even fainting. (livestrong.com)
  • Similar to realtors' mantra of "location, location, location," oncology nurses should have the mantra "prevention, prevention, prevention" foremost on their minds when assessing and developing a plan of care for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). (medscape.com)
  • While it usually persists only during the early weeks, up to 30% of women can suffer with nausea beyond 20 weeks or even up to delivery. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Approximately how often do you suffer from unexplained nausea? (diagnose-me.com)
  • According to the survey findings, nausea is epidemic in the United States , with 73% of Americans reporting that they suffer from nausea regularly. (prweb.com)
  • Nausea and vomiting can accompany digestive conditions and infections as well as conditions such as labyrinthitis or headache . (medicinenet.com)
  • What's Causing My Headache and Nausea? (healthline.com)
  • In some cases, headache and nausea are signs of a serious underlying health condition. (healthline.com)
  • You should seek immediate medical attention if you experience a very severe headache or if your headache and nausea worsen over time. (healthline.com)
  • How are headache and nausea treated? (healthline.com)
  • If you suspect your headache and nausea are caused by stress, consider participating in stress-relieving activities, such as taking a walk or listening to calming music. (healthline.com)
  • How can you prevent headache and nausea? (healthline.com)
  • While some cases of headache and nausea are hard to prevent, you can take steps to lower your chances of experiencing them. (healthline.com)
  • The incidence of nausea was higher than that of vomiting , and adverse effects were more frequent in the late phase. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are lots of medicines that can treat your nausea, even if you are having trouble keeping things down. (getpalliativecare.org)
  • Your doctor may give you medicines to control nausea. (wellspan.org)
  • Take anti-nausea medicines as your doctor recommends. (wellspan.org)