Free-standing or supported lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester or other material, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby protecting against INSECT BITES; INSECT STINGS, and insect-borne diseases.
The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.
Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
Lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester, nylon (polyamides), or other material impregnated with insecticide, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby offering protection against insect bite and insect-borne diseases.
The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.
Devices designed to provide personal protection against injury to individuals exposed to hazards in industry, sports, aviation, or daily activities.
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.
A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.
"Money laundering in the context of healthcare is the process of making illegally-gained proceeds appear legal, often through complex transactions and disguises, which can include various forms of fraudulent billing practices such as overbilling, underbilling, or billing for services not rendered to medical insurance programs or patients."
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.
The legal relation between an entity (individual, group, corporation, or-profit, secular, government) and an object. The object may be corporeal, such as equipment, or completely a creature of law, such as a patent; it may be movable, such as an animal, or immovable, such as a building.
Size and composition of the family.
A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)
A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.
Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.
A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.
A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.
An independent state in eastern Africa. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. Its capital is Addis Ababa.
All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).
Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.
Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The status of health in rural populations.
Proteins found in any species of insect.
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.
A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
Arthropod-borne viruses. A non-taxonomic designation for viruses that can replicate in both vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Included are some members of the following families: ARENAVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; TOGAVIRIDAE; and FLAVIVIRIDAE. (From Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)
An infant during the first month after birth.
A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.
Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.
A species of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which causes an acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease in man. Dengue is mosquito-borne and four serotypes are known.
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.
A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These infective cells invade the host and undergo asexual reproduction producing MEROZOITES (or other forms) and ultimately gametocytes.
A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.
Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.
An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.
A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
A protozoan parasite that causes avian malaria (MALARIA, AVIAN), primarily in chickens, and is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.
The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.
A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE containing several subgroups and many species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.
A nutritional reservoir of fatty tissue found mainly in insects and amphibians.
Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified.
Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE.
A genus of bacteria comprised of a heterogenous group of gram-negative small rods and coccoid forms associated with arthropods. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1, 1984)
A mitosporic fungal genus. Teleomorphs are found in the family Clavicipitaceae and include Cordyceps bassiana. The species Beauveria bassiana is a common pathogen of ARTHROPODS and is used in PEST CONTROL.
A serotype of the species California encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, CALIFORNIA), in the genus ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS, causing human MENINGOENCEPHALITIS. This is the agent most responsible for California encephalitis (ENCEPHALITIS, CALIFORNIA), the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease recognized in the United States.
Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria.
A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing an acute dengue-like fever.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
The active production and accumulation of VITELLINS (egg yolk proteins) in the non-mammalian OOCYTES from circulating precursors, VITELLOGENINS. Vitellogenesis usually begins after the first MEIOSIS and is regulated by estrogenic hormones.
A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).
A polychlorinated pesticide that is resistant to destruction by light and oxidation. Its unusual stability has resulted in difficulties in residue removal from water, soil, and foodstuffs. This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A genus of TOGAVIRIDAE, also known as Group A arboviruses, serologically related to each other but not to other Togaviridae. The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes. The type species is the SINDBIS VIRUS.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.
An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects.
The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Slender tubular or hairlike excretory structures found in insects. They emerge from the alimentary canal between the mesenteron (midgut) and the proctodeum (hindgut).
A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiological agent of Japanese encephalitis found in Asia, southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.
The blood/lymphlike nutrient fluid of some invertebrates.
A mitosporic fungal genus in the family Clavicipitaceae. It has teleomorphs in the family Nectriaceae. Metarhizium anisopliae is used in PESTICIDES.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Environments or habitats at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and truly aquatic systems making them different from each yet highly dependent on both. Adaptations to low soil oxygen characterize many wetland species.
Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.
The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.
Living facilities for humans.
A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions.
A species in the ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. Serotypes are found in temperate and arctic regions and each is closely associated with a single species of vector mosquito. The vertebrate hosts are usually small mammals but several serotypes infect humans.
A genus of PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily DENSOVIRINAE, comprising helper-independent viruses containing only two species. Junonia coenia densovirus is the type species.
A white threadlike worm which causes elephantiasis, lymphangitis, and chyluria by interfering with the lymphatic circulation. The microfilaria are found in the circulating blood and are carried by mosquitoes.
Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing encephalomyelitis in Equidae and humans. The virus ranges along the Atlantic seaboard of the United States and Canada and as far south as the Caribbean, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. Infections in horses show a mortality of up to 90 percent and in humans as high as 80 percent in epidemics.

Integrating an NTD with one of "The big three": combined malaria and trachoma survey in Amhara Region of Ethiopia. (1/82)

 (+info)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in Iquitos, Peru: urban transmission of a sylvatic strain. (2/82)

 (+info)

Comparative cost analysis of insecticide-treated net delivery strategies: sales supported by social marketing and free distribution through antenatal care. (3/82)

 (+info)

Determinants of bednet ownership and use in visceral leishmaniasis-endemic areas of the Indian subcontinent. (4/82)

 (+info)

Factors associated with use and non-use of mosquito nets owned in Oromia and Amhara regional states, Ethiopia. (5/82)

 (+info)

Synergy between repellents and organophosphates on bed nets: efficacy and behavioural response of natural free-flying An. gambiae mosquitoes. (6/82)

 (+info)

Ranking malaria risk factors to guide malaria control efforts in African highlands. (7/82)

 (+info)

Determining and addressing obstacles to the effective use of long-lasting insecticide-impregnated nets in rural Tanzania. (8/82)

 (+info)

A mosquito net is not so much a medical definition but rather a description of a device used to prevent insect bites, particularly from mosquitoes. However, I can provide you with a general description and the role it plays in medical and public health contexts:

Mosquito nets are specially designed nets that are draped over beds or other sleeping areas to create a protective barrier against mosquitoes and other insects. They are often made of lightweight, breathable material such as polyester or cotton. In many cases, they are treated with insecticides to enhance their ability to repel or kill insects that come into contact with the netting.

In medical and public health contexts, mosquito nets are frequently used in areas where mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and Zika virus are prevalent. By creating a barrier between people and mosquitoes, mosquito nets can help prevent the transmission of these diseases, particularly during sleeping hours when people are most vulnerable to mosquito bites.

Mosquito nets can be used by themselves or in combination with other mosquito-borne disease prevention strategies such as insect repellents, long-sleeved clothing, and indoor residual spraying of insecticides. They are a simple, cost-effective intervention that has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in many settings.

'Mosquito Control' is not a medical term per se, but it is a public health concept that refers to the systematic reduction or elimination of mosquito populations through various methods to prevent or minimize the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. This multidisciplinary field involves entomologists, ecologists, engineers, and public health professionals working together to manage mosquito habitats, apply insecticides, and educate communities about personal protection measures. By controlling mosquito populations, we can significantly reduce the risk of contracting vector-borne illnesses such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus, among others.

'Bedding and linens' is a term that refers to the items used to cover, clean, and maintain beds and other furniture in medical and residential settings. These items include:

1. Sheets: These are flat pieces of cloth that are placed on top of the mattress and beneath the blankets or comforters. They come in various sizes (twin, full, queen, king) to fit different mattress sizes.
2. Blankets/Comforters: These are thicker, often quilted or filled, pieces of fabric that provide warmth and comfort to the user.
3. Pillows and pillowcases: Pillows are used to support the head and neck during sleep, while pillowcases are the removable covers that protect the pillows from dirt, sweat, and stains.
4. Mattress pads/protectors: These are additional layers placed between the mattress and the sheets to provide extra protection against spills, stains, or allergens.
5. Bed skirts: These are decorative pieces of fabric that cover the space between the box spring and the floor, hiding any storage area or providing a more finished look to the bed.
6. Towels and washcloths: While not directly related to the bed, these linens are often included in the 'bedding and linens' category as they share similar cleaning and maintenance requirements.

In medical settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, strict infection control protocols are followed for handling, washing, and storing bedding and linens to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Insecticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest, including insects, arachnids, or other related pests. They can be chemical or biological agents that disrupt the growth, development, or behavior of these organisms, leading to their death or incapacitation. Insecticides are widely used in agriculture, public health, and residential settings for pest control. However, they must be used with caution due to potential risks to non-target organisms and the environment.

Insecticide-Treated Bednets (ITNs) are bed nets that have been specially treated with insecticides to repel, incapacitate, and kill mosquitoes and other disease-carrying insects. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of ITNs as a crucial strategy in preventing malaria transmission, especially in areas where the disease is endemic.

The insecticide used in ITNs is typically a pyrethroid, which is safe for humans but highly toxic to mosquitoes. When an infected mosquito lands on the net to bite a person, it comes into contact with the insecticide and dies before it can transmit the malaria parasite.

ITNs are often distributed through mass campaigns or targeted interventions in communities most at risk of malaria transmission. They have been shown to be highly effective in reducing the incidence of malaria and saving lives, particularly among young children and pregnant women who are most vulnerable to the disease.

Pyrethrins are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds extracted from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and Chrysanthemum coccineum. They have been used for centuries as insecticides due to their ability to disrupt the nervous system of insects, leading to paralysis and death. Pyrethrins are composed of six esters, pyrethrin I and II, cinerin I and II, and jasmolin I and II, which have different insecticidal properties but share a similar mode of action. They are commonly used in household insect sprays, pet shampoos, and agricultural applications to control a wide range of pests. However, pyrethrins can be toxic to fish and some beneficial insects, so they must be used with caution.

Protective devices, in the context of medical care, refer to equipment or products designed to prevent injury, harm, or infection to patients, healthcare workers, or others. They can include a wide range of items such as:

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Items worn by healthcare professionals to protect themselves from infectious materials or harmful substances, such as gloves, masks, face shields, gowns, and goggles.
2. Medical Devices: Equipment designed to prevent injury during medical procedures, such as tourniquets, safety needles, and bite blocks.
3. Patient Safety Devices: Items used to protect patients from harm, such as bed rails, pressure ulcer prevention devices, and fall prevention equipment.
4. Environmental Protection Devices: Equipment used to prevent the spread of infectious agents in healthcare settings, such as air purifiers, isolation rooms, and waste management systems.
5. Dental Protective Devices: Devices used in dental care to protect patients and dental professionals from injury or infection, such as dental dams, mouth mirrors, and high-speed evacuators.

The specific definition of protective devices may vary depending on the context and field of medicine.

Malaria is not a medical definition itself, but it is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Here's a simple definition:

Malaria: A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, characterized by cycles of fever, chills, and anemia. It can be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi.

"Aedes" is a genus of mosquitoes that are known to transmit various diseases, including Zika virus, dengue fever, chikungunya, and yellow fever. These mosquitoes are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. They are distinguished by their black and white striped legs and thorax. Aedes aegypti is the most common species associated with disease transmission, although other species such as Aedes albopictus can also transmit diseases. It's important to note that only female mosquitoes bite and feed on blood, while males feed solely on nectar and plant juices.

'Anopheles gambiae' is a species of mosquito that is a major vector for the transmission of malaria. The female Anopheles gambiae mosquito bites primarily during the nighttime hours and preferentially feeds on human blood, which allows it to transmit the Plasmodium parasite that causes malaria. This species is widely distributed throughout much of Africa and is responsible for transmitting a significant proportion of the world's malaria cases.

The Anopheles gambiae complex actually consists of several closely related species or forms, which can be difficult to distinguish based on morphological characteristics alone. However, advances in molecular techniques have allowed for more accurate identification and differentiation of these species. Understanding the biology and behavior of Anopheles gambiae is crucial for developing effective strategies to control malaria transmission.

In the context of medical billing and healthcare, "laundering" is not a term that has a specific or widely accepted definition. It may be used informally to refer to illegal activities such as submitting false claims for reimbursement or engaging in kickback schemes, but it does not have a recognized medical meaning.

In general, the term "money laundering" is used to describe the process of making illegally-gained proceeds appear legal by disguising the true origin of the money. It typically involves three steps: placement, layering, and integration. Placement is the act of introducing the illicit money into the financial system, often by breaking it up into smaller amounts and depositing it into various accounts. Layering is the process of moving the money through a series of transactions to make it difficult to trace back to its original source. Integration is the final step, in which the laundered money is mixed with legitimate funds and used for normal business or personal expenses.

It's important to note that engaging in any form of illegal activity, including money laundering, is a serious crime and can result in severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment.

'Culex' is a genus of mosquitoes that includes many species that are vectors for various diseases, such as West Nile virus, filariasis, and avian malaria. They are often referred to as "house mosquitoes" because they are commonly found in urban environments. These mosquitoes typically lay their eggs in standing water and have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found on all continents except Antarctica. The life cycle of Culex mosquitoes includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Both male and female adults feed on nectar, but only females require blood meals to lay eggs.

In the context of medicine, the term "ownership" is not typically used as a formal medical definition. However, it may be used informally to refer to the responsibility and authority that a healthcare provider has in managing a patient's care. For example, a physician may say that they "take ownership" of a patient's care, meaning that they will oversee and coordinate all aspects of the patient's medical treatment. Additionally, in medical research or clinical trials, "data ownership" refers to who has the rights to access, use, and share the data collected during the study.

"Family characteristics" is a broad term that can refer to various attributes, dynamics, and structures of a family unit. These characteristics can include:

1. Family structure: This refers to the composition of the family, such as whether it is a nuclear family (two parents and their children), single-parent family, extended family, blended family, or same-sex parent family.
2. Family roles: The responsibilities and expectations assigned to each family member, such as caregiver, provider, or decision-maker.
3. Communication patterns: How family members communicate with one another, including frequency, tone, and level of openness.
4. Problem-solving styles: How the family approaches and resolves conflicts and challenges.
5. Cultural and religious practices: The values, traditions, and beliefs that shape the family's identity and worldview.
6. Family functioning: The overall health and effectiveness of the family system, including its ability to adapt to change and support individual members' needs.
7. Attachment styles: The quality and nature of the emotional bonds between family members, which can impact attachment security and relationships throughout life.
8. Parenting style: The approach that parents take in raising their children, such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved.
9. Family history: Past experiences and events that have shaped the family's development and dynamics.
10. Genetic factors: Inherited traits and predispositions that can influence family members' health, behavior, and personality.

Understanding family characteristics is essential in fields such as medicine, psychology, social work, and counseling, as these factors can significantly impact individual and family well-being.

Permethrin is a type of medication that belongs to the class of chemicals called pyrethroids. It's commonly used as a topical treatment for scabies and lice infestations. Permethrin works by disrupting the nervous system of these parasites, leading to their paralysis and death.

In medical terms, permethrin is defined as a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach activity. It's used topically in the form of creams or lotions to treat infestations of lice and scabies mites on the skin. Permethrin is considered safe and effective for use in adults and children, including infants over two months old.

It's important to note that permethrin should be used as directed by a healthcare professional, and it may have some potential side effects such as skin irritation, redness, or itching.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tanzania" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in East Africa. If you have any questions about medical terms or conditions, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

I'm not aware of any medical definitions associated with the term "Benin." Benin is a country located in West Africa, and its name is used in medical literature to describe conditions or issues related to that country, such as diseases prevalent there. However, without additional context, it's difficult to provide a specific medical definition for 'Benin.'

I apologize for any confusion, but "Burkina Faso" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in West Africa. The name "Burkina Faso" translates to "Land of Incorruptible People" in Mossi and Dioula, two languages spoken in the region. The country was known as Upper Volta when it gained independence from France in 1960. It was renamed Burkina Faso in 1984 by then-President Thomas Sankara, who aimed to promote a sense of national identity and unity among the diverse population.

Burkina Faso is a landlocked country with a population of around 21 million people (as of 2021). It shares borders with six countries: Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest. The capital city is Ouagadougou.

The primary languages spoken in Burkina Faso are French (the official language), Mooré, Dioula, Fula, and Gourmanchéma. The country has a diverse cultural heritage with numerous ethnic groups, including the Mossi, Fulani, Bobo, Gurunsi, Senufo, and Lobi.

Burkina Faso faces various challenges, such as poverty, food insecurity, limited access to education, and health issues like malaria, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical diseases. The country also struggles with political instability and security threats from extremist groups operating in the Sahel region.

Insect vectors are insects that transmit disease-causing pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, parasites) from one host to another. They do this while feeding on the host's blood or tissues. The insects themselves are not infected by the pathogen but act as mechanical carriers that pass it on during their bite. Examples of diseases spread by insect vectors include malaria (transmitted by mosquitoes), Lyme disease (transmitted by ticks), and plague (transmitted by fleas). Proper prevention measures, such as using insect repellent and reducing standing water where mosquitoes breed, can help reduce the risk of contracting these diseases.

Insect repellents are substances that are applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces to deter insects from landing or crawling on that surface. They work by masking the scents that attract insects or by repelling them with unpleasant odors. Insect repellents can be chemical-based, such as those containing DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), picaridin, or IR3535, or they can be natural, such as those containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or citronella. These substances work by interfering with the insect's ability to detect human scent, making it less likely that they will come into contact with the person using the repellent. Insect repellents are an important tool in preventing insect-borne diseases such as Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and Zika virus.

Nitriles, in a medical context, refer to a class of organic compounds that contain a cyano group (-CN) bonded to a carbon atom. They are widely used in the chemical industry and can be found in various materials, including certain plastics and rubber products.

In some cases, nitriles can pose health risks if ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with the skin. Short-term exposure to high levels of nitriles can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, such as damage to the nervous system, liver, and kidneys.

However, it's worth noting that the medical use of nitriles is not very common. Some nitrile gloves are used in healthcare settings due to their resistance to many chemicals and because they can provide a better barrier against infectious materials compared to latex or vinyl gloves. But beyond this application, nitriles themselves are not typically used as medications or therapeutic agents.

'Culicidae' is the biological family that includes all species of mosquitoes. It consists of three subfamilies: Anophelinae, Culicinae, and Toxorhynchitinae. Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that are known for their ability to transmit various diseases to humans and other animals, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and Zika virus. The medical importance of Culicidae comes from the fact that only female mosquitoes require blood meals to lay eggs, and during this process, they can transmit pathogens between hosts.

Malaria, Falciparum is defined as a severe and often fatal form of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. This type of malaria is characterized by high fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, and vomiting. If left untreated, it can cause severe anemia, kidney failure, seizures, coma, and even death. It is a major public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa.

Insect bites and stings refer to the penetration of the skin by insects, such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, or bees, often resulting in localized symptoms including redness, swelling, itching, and pain. The reaction can vary depending on the individual's sensitivity and the type of insect. In some cases, systemic reactions like anaphylaxis may occur, which requires immediate medical attention. Treatment typically involves relieving symptoms with topical creams, antihistamines, or in severe cases, epinephrine. Prevention measures include using insect repellent and protective clothing.

'Anopheles' is a genus of mosquitoes that are known for their role in transmitting malaria parasites to humans. These mosquitoes have a distinctive resting posture, with their abdomens raised and heads down, and they typically feed on human hosts at night. Only female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit the malaria parasite, as they require blood meals to lay eggs.

There are over 400 species of Anopheles mosquitoes worldwide, but only about 30-40 of these are considered significant vectors of human malaria. The distribution and behavior of these mosquitoes can vary widely depending on the specific species and geographic location.

Preventing and controlling the spread of malaria involves a variety of strategies, including the use of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, antimalarial drugs, and vaccines. Public health efforts to reduce the burden of malaria have made significant progress in recent decades, but the disease remains a major global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.

Entomology is the scientific study of insects, including their behavior, classification, and evolution. It is a branch of zoology that deals with the systematic study of insects and their relationship with humans, animals, and the environment. Entomologists may specialize in various areas such as medical entomology, agricultural entomology, or forensic entomology, among others. Medical entomology focuses on the study of insects that can transmit diseases to humans and animals, while agricultural entomology deals with insects that affect crops and livestock. Forensic entomology involves using insects found in crime scenes to help determine the time of death or other relevant information for legal investigations.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kenya" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in East Africa, known for its diverse wildlife and geography, including savannas, lakelands, the dramatic Great Rift Valley, and mountain highlands. It is also where you can find the Maasai Mara Reserve, known for its annual wildebeest migrations, and vast Nairobi National Park. The capital city of Kenya is Nairobi. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

I must clarify that "Ethiopia" is not a medical term or condition. Ethiopia is a country located in the Horn of Africa, known for its rich history and cultural heritage. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with diverse ethnic groups, languages, and religious practices.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please feel free to ask! I'm here to help.

"Africa South of the Sahara" is a term commonly used in medical and scientific literature to refer to the region of the African continent that lies south of the Sahara Desert. This region includes 48 countries, with a population of over 1 billion people, and is characterized by its tropical or subtropical climate, diverse cultures, and unique health challenges.

The term "South of the Sahara" is used to distinguish this region from North Africa, which is predominantly Arab and Berber in culture and has closer ties to the Middle East than to Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara Desert serves as a natural geographical boundary between these two regions.

In medical terms, "Africa South of the Sahara" encompasses a wide range of health issues, including infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and Ebola, which are prevalent in many parts of the region. The area also faces challenges related to maternal and child health, nutrition, water and sanitation, and non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Medical research and interventions focused on "Africa South of the Sahara" aim to address these unique health challenges and improve the overall health outcomes of the population in this region.

A larva is a distinct stage in the life cycle of various insects, mites, and other arthropods during which they undergo significant metamorphosis before becoming adults. In a medical context, larvae are known for their role in certain parasitic infections. Specifically, some helminth (parasitic worm) species use larval forms to infect human hosts. These invasions may lead to conditions such as cutaneous larva migrans, visceral larva migrans, or gnathostomiasis, depending on the specific parasite involved and the location of the infection within the body.

The larval stage is characterized by its markedly different morphology and behavior compared to the adult form. Larvae often have a distinct appearance, featuring unsegmented bodies, simple sense organs, and undeveloped digestive systems. They are typically adapted for a specific mode of life, such as free-living or parasitic existence, and rely on external sources of nutrition for their development.

In the context of helminth infections, larvae may be transmitted to humans through various routes, including ingestion of contaminated food or water, direct skin contact with infective stages, or transmission via an intermediate host (such as a vector). Once inside the human body, these parasitic larvae can cause tissue damage and provoke immune responses, leading to the clinical manifestations of disease.

It is essential to distinguish between the medical definition of 'larva' and its broader usage in biology and zoology. In those fields, 'larva' refers to any juvenile form that undergoes metamorphosis before reaching adulthood, regardless of whether it is parasitic or not.

'Plasmodium falciparum' is a specific species of protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes and has a complex life cycle involving both human and mosquito hosts.

In the human host, the parasites infect red blood cells, where they multiply and cause damage, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, anemia, and in severe cases, organ failure and death. 'Plasmodium falciparum' malaria is often more severe and life-threatening than other forms of malaria caused by different Plasmodium species. It is a major public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment remains limited.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Insecticide resistance is a genetic selection process in insect populations that allows them to survive and reproduce despite exposure to insecticides. It's the result of changes in the genetic makeup of insects, which can be caused by natural selection when insecticides are used repeatedly. Over time, this leads to the prevalence of genes that provide resistance to the insecticide, making the pest control methods less effective. Insecticide resistance is a significant challenge in public health and agriculture, as it can reduce the efficacy of interventions aimed at controlling disease-carrying insects or protecting crops from pests.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Uganda" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in East Africa, known officially as the Republic of Uganda. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

A disease vector is a living organism that transmits infectious pathogens from one host to another. These vectors can include mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and other arthropods that carry viruses, bacteria, parasites, or other disease-causing agents. The vector becomes infected with the pathogen after biting an infected host, and then transmits the infection to another host through its saliva or feces during a subsequent blood meal.

Disease vectors are of particular concern in public health because they can spread diseases rapidly and efficiently, often over large geographic areas. Controlling vector-borne diseases requires a multifaceted approach that includes reducing vector populations, preventing bites, and developing vaccines or treatments for the associated diseases.

A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.

Parasitemia is a medical term that refers to the presence of parasites, particularly malaria-causing Plasmodium species, in the bloodstream. It is the condition where red blood cells are infected by these parasites, which can lead to various symptoms such as fever, chills, anemia, and organ damage in severe cases. The level of parasitemia is often used to assess the severity of malaria infection and to guide treatment decisions.

Rural health is a branch of healthcare that focuses on the unique health challenges and needs of people living in rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rural health as "the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in the rural population."

Rural populations often face disparities in healthcare access and quality compared to their urban counterparts. Factors such as geographic isolation, poverty, lack of transportation, and a shortage of healthcare providers can contribute to these disparities. Rural health encompasses a broad range of services, including primary care, prevention, chronic disease management, mental health, oral health, and emergency medical services.

The goal of rural health is to improve the health outcomes of rural populations by addressing these unique challenges and providing high-quality, accessible healthcare services that meet their needs. This may involve innovative approaches such as telemedicine, mobile health clinics, and community-based programs to reach people in remote areas.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Insect Proteins" is not a recognized medical term. However, I can provide some information about insect protein from a nutritional and food science perspective.

Insect proteins refer to the proteins that are obtained from insects. Insects are a rich source of protein, and their protein content varies by species. For example, mealworms and crickets have been found to contain approximately 47-63% and 60-72% protein by dry weight, respectively.

In recent years, insect proteins have gained attention as a potential sustainable source of nutrition due to their high protein content, low environmental impact, and the ability to convert feed into protein more efficiently compared to traditional livestock. Insect proteins can be used in various applications such as food and feed additives, nutritional supplements, and even cosmetics.

However, it's important to note that the use of insect proteins in human food is not widely accepted in many Western countries due to cultural and regulatory barriers. Nonetheless, research and development efforts continue to explore the potential benefits and applications of insect proteins in the global food system.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nigeria" is not a medical term. It is a country located in West Africa, and it is the most populous country in Africa. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terms, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

"Plasmodium" is a genus of protozoan parasites that are the causative agents of malaria in humans and other animals. There are several species within this genus, including Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi, among others.

These parasites have a complex life cycle that involves two hosts: an Anopheles mosquito and a vertebrate host (such as humans). When a person is bitten by an infected mosquito, the parasites enter the bloodstream and infect red blood cells, where they multiply and cause the symptoms of malaria.

Plasmodium species are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, which become infected after taking a blood meal from an infected person. The parasites then develop in the mosquito's midgut, eventually making their way to the salivary glands, where they can be transmitted to another human through the mosquito's bite.

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is characterized by fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, and anemia, among other symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent severe illness and death from malaria.

"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices" (HKAP) is a term used in public health to refer to the knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, and behaviors that individuals possess or engage in that are related to health. Here's a brief definition of each component:

1. Health Knowledge: Refers to the factual information and understanding that individuals have about various health-related topics, such as anatomy, physiology, disease processes, and healthy behaviors.
2. Attitudes: Represent the positive or negative evaluations, feelings, or dispositions that people hold towards certain health issues, practices, or services. These attitudes can influence their willingness to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors.
3. Practices: Encompass the specific actions or habits that individuals engage in related to their health, such as dietary choices, exercise routines, hygiene practices, and use of healthcare services.

HKAP is a multidimensional concept that helps public health professionals understand and address various factors influencing individual and community health outcomes. By assessing and addressing knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, or unhealthy practices, interventions can be designed to promote positive behavior change and improve overall health status.

Arboviruses are a group of viruses that are primarily transmitted to humans and animals through the bites of infected arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. The term "arbovirus" is short for "arthropod-borne virus."

Arboviruses can cause a wide range of symptoms, depending on the specific virus and the individual host's immune response. Some common symptoms associated with arboviral infections include fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, rash, and fatigue. In severe cases, arboviral infections can lead to serious complications such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), or hemorrhagic fever (bleeding disorders).

There are hundreds of different arboviruses, and they are found in many parts of the world. Some of the most well-known arboviral diseases include dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika virus infection, West Nile virus infection, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis.

Prevention of arboviral infections typically involves avoiding mosquito bites and other arthropod vectors through the use of insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying indoors during peak mosquito feeding times. Public health efforts also focus on reducing vector populations through environmental management and the use of larvicides. Vaccines are available for some arboviral diseases, such as yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

West Nile Virus (WNV) is an Flavivirus, which is a type of virus that is spread by mosquitoes. It was first discovered in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937 and has since been found in many countries throughout the world. WNV can cause a mild to severe illness known as West Nile fever.

Most people who become infected with WNV do not develop any symptoms, but some may experience fever, headache, body aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, or a rash. In rare cases, the virus can cause serious neurological illnesses such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). These severe forms of the disease can be fatal, especially in older adults and people with weakened immune systems.

WNV is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, but it can also be spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, or from mother to baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. There is no specific treatment for WNV, and most people recover on their own with rest and supportive care. However, hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases. Prevention measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying indoors during peak mosquito activity hours.

Biological pest control, also known as biocontrol, is a method of managing or eliminating pests such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases using natural enemies or other organisms. These biological control agents include predators, parasites, pathogens, and competitors that regulate pest populations and reduce the need for chemical pesticides. Biological pest control is a key component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs and has minimal impact on the environment compared to traditional pest control methods.

Dengue virus (DENV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

The DENV genome contains approximately 11,000 nucleotides and encodes three structural proteins (capsid, pre-membrane/membrane, and envelope) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). There are four distinct serotypes of DENV (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4), each of which can cause dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease.

Infection with one serotype provides lifelong immunity against that particular serotype but only temporary and partial protection against the other three serotypes. Subsequent infections with different serotypes can increase the risk of developing severe dengue, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and original antigenic sin phenomena.

DENV is a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with an estimated 390 million annual infections and approximately 100-400 million clinical cases. Preventive measures include vector control strategies to reduce mosquito populations and the development of effective vaccines against all four serotypes.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species of mosquitoes. It is caused by one of four closely related dengue viruses (DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3, or DENV 4). The infection can cause a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild fever and headache to severe flu-like illness, which is often characterized by the sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, and skin rash. In some cases, dengue can progress to more severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and appropriately.

Dengue is prevalent in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world, particularly in urban and semi-urban areas with poor sanitation and inadequate mosquito control. There is no specific treatment for dengue, and prevention efforts focus on reducing mosquito populations and avoiding mosquito bites. Vaccines are available in some countries to prevent dengue infection, but they are not widely used due to limitations in their effectiveness and safety.

DEET is a common abbreviation for N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, which is a widely used active ingredient in insect repellents. It works by blocking the ability of insects to sense the presence of humans, making it difficult for them to land and bite. DEET can provide long-lasting protection against a variety of insects, including mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods.

DEET is available in various forms, such as lotions, sprays, and wipes, and its concentration can range from 5% to 100%. Higher concentrations provide longer protection but may also increase the risk of skin irritation and other adverse effects. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions when using DEET-containing products and avoid applying them to broken or damaged skin, eyes, mouth, and mucous membranes.

DEET has been extensively studied for its safety and efficacy, and it is considered safe for use by people of all ages, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. However, it should be used with caution in young children due to their higher surface area-to-mass ratio and the potential for accidental ingestion or eye contact. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends using DEET products with a concentration of no more than 30% on children over two months of age.

Feeding behavior refers to the various actions and mechanisms involved in the intake of food and nutrition for the purpose of sustaining life, growth, and health. This complex process encompasses a coordinated series of activities, including:

1. Food selection: The identification, pursuit, and acquisition of appropriate food sources based on sensory cues (smell, taste, appearance) and individual preferences.
2. Preparation: The manipulation and processing of food to make it suitable for consumption, such as chewing, grinding, or chopping.
3. Ingestion: The act of transferring food from the oral cavity into the digestive system through swallowing.
4. Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food within the gastrointestinal tract to facilitate nutrient absorption and eliminate waste products.
5. Assimilation: The uptake and utilization of absorbed nutrients by cells and tissues for energy production, growth, repair, and maintenance.
6. Elimination: The removal of undigested material and waste products from the body through defecation.

Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex interplay between neural, hormonal, and psychological factors that help maintain energy balance and ensure adequate nutrient intake. Disruptions in feeding behavior can lead to various medical conditions, such as malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders, and gastrointestinal motility disorders.

Sporozoites are a stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium species that cause malaria. They are infective forms that result from the sporulation of oocysts, which are produced in the vector's midgut after the ingestion of gametocytes during a blood meal.

Once mature, sporozoites are released from the oocyst and migrate to the salivary glands of the vector, where they get injected into the host during subsequent feedings. In the host, sporozoites infect liver cells, multiply within them, and eventually rupture the cells, releasing merozoites that invade red blood cells and initiate the erythrocytic stage of the parasite's life cycle.

Sporozoites are typically highly motile and possess a unique gliding motility, which enables them to traverse various host tissues during their invasion process. This invasive ability is facilitated by an actin-myosin motor system and secretory organelles called micronemes and rhoptries, which release adhesive proteins that interact with host cell receptors.

In summary, sporozoites are a crucial stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium parasites, serving as the infective forms responsible for transmitting malaria between hosts via an insect vector.

"Plasmodium berghei" is a species of protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, which are the causative agents of malaria. This particular species primarily infects rodents and is not known to naturally infect humans. However, it is widely used in laboratory settings as a model organism to study malaria and develop potential interventions, such as drugs and vaccines, due to its similarities with human-infecting Plasmodium species.

The life cycle of P. berghei involves two hosts: an Anopheles mosquito vector and a rodent host. The parasite undergoes asexual reproduction in the red blood cells of the rodent host, leading to the symptoms of malaria, such as fever, anemia, and organ damage. When an infected mosquito bites another rodent, the parasites are transmitted through the saliva and infect the new host, continuing the life cycle.

While P. berghei is not a direct threat to human health, studying this species has contributed significantly to our understanding of malaria biology and the development of potential interventions against this devastating disease.

An oocyst is a thick-walled, environmentally resistant spore-like structure produced by some protozoan parasites, such as Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora, during their life cycle. These oocysts can survive for long periods in the environment and can infect a host when ingested, leading to infection and disease. The term "oocyst" is specific to certain groups of protozoan parasites and should not be confused with other types of spores produced by fungi or bacteria.

Socioeconomic factors are a range of interconnected conditions and influences that affect the opportunities and resources a person or group has to maintain and improve their health and well-being. These factors include:

1. Economic stability: This includes employment status, job security, income level, and poverty status. Lower income and lack of employment are associated with poorer health outcomes.
2. Education: Higher levels of education are generally associated with better health outcomes. Education can affect a person's ability to access and understand health information, as well as their ability to navigate the healthcare system.
3. Social and community context: This includes factors such as social support networks, discrimination, and community safety. Strong social supports and positive community connections are associated with better health outcomes, while discrimination and lack of safety can negatively impact health.
4. Healthcare access and quality: Access to affordable, high-quality healthcare is an important socioeconomic factor that can significantly impact a person's health. Factors such as insurance status, availability of providers, and cultural competency of healthcare systems can all affect healthcare access and quality.
5. Neighborhood and built environment: The physical conditions in which people live, work, and play can also impact their health. Factors such as housing quality, transportation options, availability of healthy foods, and exposure to environmental hazards can all influence health outcomes.

Socioeconomic factors are often interrelated and can have a cumulative effect on health outcomes. For example, someone who lives in a low-income neighborhood with limited access to healthy foods and safe parks may also face challenges related to employment, education, and healthcare access that further impact their health. Addressing socioeconomic factors is an important part of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities.

Patient acceptance of health care refers to the willingness and ability of a patient to follow and engage in a recommended treatment plan or healthcare regimen. This involves understanding the proposed medical interventions, considering their potential benefits and risks, and making an informed decision to proceed with the recommended course of action.

The factors that influence patient acceptance can include:

1. Patient's understanding of their condition and treatment options
2. Trust in their healthcare provider
3. Personal beliefs and values related to health and illness
4. Cultural, linguistic, or socioeconomic barriers
5. Emotional responses to the diagnosis or proposed treatment
6. Practical considerations, such as cost, time commitment, or potential side effects

Healthcare providers play a crucial role in facilitating patient acceptance by clearly communicating information, addressing concerns and questions, and providing support throughout the decision-making process. Encouraging shared decision-making and tailoring care plans to individual patient needs and preferences can also enhance patient acceptance of health care.

Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease that's transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The "yellow" in the name refers to the jaundice that can occur in some patients, resulting from liver damage caused by the virus. The disease is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and Central and South America.

The yellow fever virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. It's closely related to other mosquito-borne viruses like dengue and Zika. The virus has three distinct geographical variants (West African, East African, and South American), each with different epidemiological patterns and clinical features.

The incubation period for yellow fever is typically 3 to 6 days after infection. The initial symptoms include fever, chills, headache, back pain, myalgia, and fatigue. Most patients recover after this initial phase, but around 15% of those infected enter a more severe phase characterized by high fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting, bleeding, and often rapid death within 7 to 10 days.

There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, and management is focused on supportive care, including fluid replacement, blood transfusions, and addressing any complications that arise. Prevention relies on vaccination and mosquito control measures. The yellow fever vaccine is safe and highly effective, providing immunity in 95% of those who receive it. A single dose offers lifelong protection in most individuals. Mosquito control efforts, such as reducing breeding sites and using insecticide-treated materials, can help prevent the spread of the virus in affected areas.

West Nile Fever is defined as a viral infection primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The virus responsible for this febrile illness, known as West Nile Virus (WNV), is maintained in nature between mosquito vectors and avian hosts. Although most individuals infected with WNV are asymptomatic, some may develop a mild, flu-like illness characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, body aches, skin rash, and swollen lymph glands. A minority of infected individuals, particularly the elderly and immunocompromised, may progress to severe neurological symptoms such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), or acute flaccid paralysis (sudden weakness in the limbs). The diagnosis is confirmed through laboratory tests, such as serological assays or nucleic acid amplification techniques. Treatment primarily focuses on supportive care, as there are no specific antiviral therapies available for West Nile Fever. Preventive measures include personal protection against mosquito bites and vector control strategies to reduce mosquito populations.

A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.

In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.

Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.

Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population density" is actually a term used in population geography and epidemiology, rather than medical terminology. It refers to the number of people living in a specific area or region, usually measured as the number of people per square mile or square kilometer.

However, understanding population density can be important in public health and medicine because it can influence various factors related to health outcomes and healthcare delivery, such as:

1. Disease transmission rates: Higher population densities can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those that are transmitted through close contact between individuals.
2. Access to healthcare services: Areas with lower population density might have fewer healthcare resources and providers available, making it more challenging for residents to access necessary medical care.
3. Health disparities: Population density can contribute to health inequities, as urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities than rural areas, leading to differences in health outcomes between these populations.
4. Environmental factors: Higher population densities might lead to increased pollution, noise, and other environmental hazards that can negatively impact health.

Therefore, while "population density" is not a medical definition per se, it remains an essential concept for understanding various public health and healthcare issues.

"Plasmodium gallinaceum" is not a medical term per se, but it is a scientific name used in the field of parasitology. It refers to a species of protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Plasmodium, which are known to cause malaria in birds, particularly chickens and turkeys.

The life cycle of "Plasmodium gallinaceum" involves two hosts: an Anopheles mosquito vector and a bird host. When an infected mosquito bites a bird, the parasites enter the bloodstream and infect the red blood cells, where they multiply and cause damage, leading to symptoms of malaria in the bird host.

While "Plasmodium gallinaceum" is not a human pathogen, research on this species has contributed significantly to our understanding of the biology and epidemiology of Plasmodium parasites, including those that cause malaria in humans.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

Host-parasite interactions refer to the relationship between a parasitic organism (the parasite) and its host, which can be an animal, plant, or human body. The parasite lives on or inside the host and derives nutrients from it, often causing harm in the process. This interaction can range from relatively benign to severe, depending on various factors such as the species of the parasite, the immune response of the host, and the duration of infection.

The host-parasite relationship is often categorized based on the degree of harm caused to the host. Parasites that cause little to no harm are called commensals, while those that cause significant damage or disease are called parasitic pathogens. Some parasites can even manipulate their hosts' behavior and physiology to enhance their own survival and reproduction, leading to complex interactions between the two organisms.

Understanding host-parasite interactions is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat parasitic infections, as well as for understanding the ecological relationships between different species in natural ecosystems.

Oviposition is a medical/biological term that refers to the process of laying or depositing eggs by female organisms, including birds, reptiles, insects, and fish. In humans and other mammals, the term is not applicable since they give birth to live young rather than laying eggs.

Flavivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Flaviviridae. They are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Many flaviviruses cause significant disease in humans, including dengue fever, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, and Zika fever. The name "flavivirus" is derived from the Latin word for "yellow," referring to the yellow fever virus, which was one of the first members of this genus to be discovered.

A "fat body" is not a medical term that is typically used to describe human anatomy. It is more commonly used in the context of insects and other invertebrates, where it refers to a specialized tissue that functions to store energy in the form of fat.

However, in humans, we do have adipose tissue, which is the medical term for body fat. Adipose tissue is found throughout the body, but is particularly concentrated in certain areas such as the abdomen, hips, and thighs. It serves a variety of functions, including storing energy, insulating the body, and producing hormones that regulate metabolism and appetite.

If you are looking for information on obesity or excess body fat in humans, there are many medical resources available to help you understand these topics better.

Arbovirus infections are a group of diseases caused by viruses that are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and midges. "Arbo" is short for "arthropod-borne."

There are over 150 different Arboviruses, but only a few cause significant illness in humans. Some of the most common Arbovirus infections include:

* Dengue fever
* Chikungunya fever
* Yellow fever
* Zika virus infection
* Japanese encephalitis
* West Nile fever
* Tick-borne encephalitis

The symptoms of Arbovirus infections can vary widely, depending on the specific virus and the individual infected. Some people may experience only mild illness or no symptoms at all, while others may develop severe, life-threatening complications.

Common symptoms of Arbovirus infections include fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, rash, and fatigue. In more severe cases, Arbovirus infections can cause neurological problems such as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).

There is no specific treatment for most Arbovirus infections. Treatment is generally supportive, with fluids and medications to relieve symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications such as dehydration or neurological problems.

Prevention of Arbovirus infections involves avoiding mosquito and tick bites, using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating breeding sites for mosquitoes and ticks. Vaccines are available to prevent some Arbovirus infections, such as yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis.

Alphavirus infections refer to a group of diseases caused by viruses belonging to the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family. These viruses are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, and can cause a range of symptoms depending on the specific virus and the individual's immune response.

Some of the more common alphaviruses that cause human disease include:

* Chikungunya virus (CHIKV): This virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and can cause a fever, rash, and severe joint pain. While most people recover from CHIKV infection within a few weeks, some may experience long-term joint pain and inflammation.
* Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV): This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes that feed on both birds and mammals, including humans. EEEV can cause severe neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, seizures, and coma. It has a high mortality rate of up to 30-50% in infected individuals.
* Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV): This virus is also transmitted by mosquitoes that feed on both birds and mammals. WEEV can cause mild flu-like symptoms or more severe neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, and seizures. It has a lower mortality rate than EEEV but can still cause significant illness.
* Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV): This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes that feed on horses and other mammals, including humans. VEEV can cause mild flu-like symptoms or more severe neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, and seizures. It is considered a potential bioterrorism agent due to its ability to cause severe illness and death in large populations.

There are no specific treatments for alphavirus infections other than supportive care to manage symptoms. Prevention measures include avoiding mosquito bites through the use of insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying indoors during peak mosquito hours. Public health efforts also focus on reducing mosquito populations through environmental controls such as eliminating standing water and using insecticides.

Wolbachia is a genus of intracellular bacteria that naturally infects a wide variety of arthropods (insects, spiders, mites) and filarial nematodes (roundworms). These bacteria are transmitted vertically from mother to offspring, often through the cytoplasm of eggs. Wolbachia can manipulate the reproductive biology of their hosts in various ways, such as feminization, parthenogenesis, male killing, and cytoplasmic incompatibility, which favor the spread and maintenance of the bacteria within host populations. The interactions between Wolbachia and their hosts have implications for insect pest management, disease transmission, and evolutionary biology.

'Beauveria' is a genus of fungi that belongs to the family Cordycipitaceae. These fungi are known for their ability to parasitize various insects and arthropods, and they have been studied for their potential as biocontrol agents. The most well-known species in this genus is Beauveria bassiana, which has been used to control a variety of pest insects in agriculture and forestry.

Beauveria fungi produce a range of bioactive compounds that can have toxic effects on insects and other organisms. When an infected insect comes into contact with the spores of Beauveria, the spores germinate and penetrate the insect's cuticle, eventually killing the host. The fungus then grows inside the insect's body, producing more spores that can infect other hosts.

In addition to their use as biocontrol agents, Beauveria fungi have also been studied for their potential medicinal properties. Some research has suggested that certain species of Beauveria may have antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects, although more research is needed to confirm these findings and to understand the mechanisms behind them.

La Crosse virus (LACV) is an orthobunyavirus that belongs to the California serogroup and is the most common cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the United States. It is named after La Crosse, Wisconsin, where it was first identified in 1963.

LACV is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected eastern treehole mosquitoes (Aedes triseriatus), which serve as the primary vector and amplifying host for the virus. The virus can also be found in other mosquito species, such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus.

The transmission cycle of LACV involves mosquitoes feeding on infected small mammals, particularly chipmunks and squirrels, which serve as the natural reservoirs for the virus. The virus then replicates in the salivary glands of the mosquito, making it possible to transmit the virus through their bite.

LACV infection can cause a range of symptoms, from mild flu-like illness to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). Most cases occur in children under the age of 16, with peak transmission during summer months.

Preventive measures for LACV include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, eliminating standing water around homes to reduce mosquito breeding sites, and staying indoors during peak mosquito activity hours (dawn and dusk). There is currently no specific antiviral treatment available for LACV infection, and management typically involves supportive care to address symptoms.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but there seems to be a mistake in your question. Avian malaria is a disease that affects birds, not humans. It is caused by parasites from the genus Plasmodium, which are different than the ones causing human malaria (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae).

Avian malaria is not a significant public health concern, and it's not transmitted to humans through mosquitoes or any other means. However, it can have serious impacts on bird populations.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The name "Chikungunya" is derived from a Makonde word meaning "to become contorted," which describes the stooped posture developed as a result of severe arthralgia (joint pain) that is a primary symptom of infection with this virus.

CHIKV infection typically causes a febrile illness, characterized by an abrupt onset of high fever, severe joint pain, muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue, and rash. While the symptoms are usually self-limiting and resolve within 10 days, some individuals may experience persistent or recurring joint pain for several months or even years after the initial infection.

There is no specific antiviral treatment available for Chikungunya virus infection, and management primarily focuses on relieving symptoms with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Prevention measures include avoiding mosquito bites through the use of insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, staying in air-conditioned or screened rooms, and eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed.

Chikungunya virus is found primarily in Africa, Asia, and the Indian subcontinent, but it has also caused outbreaks in Europe and the Americas due to the spread of its vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The virus can cause large-scale epidemics, with millions of cases reported during outbreaks. There is currently no approved vaccine for Chikungunya virus infection.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

Vitellogenesis is the process of producing and accumulating yolk proteins in the oocytes (immature ovum or egg cell) of females in preparation for fertilization and embryonic development. This process is primarily seen in oviparous animals, such as birds, fish, and insects, where the yolk serves as a source of nutrients for the developing embryo.

The yolk proteins are synthesized mainly in the liver under the control of estrogen hormones and are then transported to the oocytes through the bloodstream. Once inside the oocytes, these proteins are taken up by a process called pinocytosis, where they are enclosed in vesicles and fuse with lysosomes to form yolk granules. The accumulation of these yolk granules provides the developing embryo with essential nutrients such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

In addition to its role in reproduction, vitellogenesis has been used as a biomarker for environmental estrogen exposure in non-target organisms, as the production of yolk proteins can be induced by estrogenic compounds found in pollutants such as pesticides and industrial chemicals.

The digestive system is a complex group of organs and glands that process food. It converts the food we eat into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. The digestive system also eliminates waste from the body. It is made up of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and other organs that help the body break down and absorb food.

The GI tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Other organs that are part of the digestive system include the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands.

The process of digestion begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. The food then travels down the esophagus and into the stomach, where it is broken down further by stomach acids. The digested food then moves into the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The remaining waste material passes into the large intestine, where it is stored until it is eliminated through the anus.

The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder play important roles in the digestive process as well. The liver produces bile, a substance that helps break down fats in the small intestine. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digest proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The gallbladder stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

Overall, the digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. It plays a critical role in maintaining our health and well-being.

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is a synthetic insecticide that was widely used in the mid-20th century to control agricultural pests and vector-borne diseases such as malaria. It belongs to a class of chemicals called organochlorines, which are known for their persistence in the environment and potential for bioaccumulation in the food chain.

DDT was first synthesized in 1874, but its insecticidal properties were not discovered until 1939. Its use as an insecticide became widespread during World War II, when it was used to control typhus and malaria-carrying lice and mosquitoes among troops. After the war, DDT was widely adopted for agricultural and public health purposes.

However, concerns about the environmental and human health effects of DDT led to its ban or severe restriction in many countries starting in the 1970s. The United States banned the use of DDT for most purposes in 1972, and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) prohibited its production and use globally in 2004, except in cases where there is a risk of vector-borne diseases.

DDT has been linked to several health problems, including reproductive effects, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. It is also highly persistent in the environment, with a half-life of up to 15 years in soil and up to 30 years in water. This means that DDT can accumulate in the food chain, posing risks to wildlife and humans who consume contaminated food or water.

In summary, DDT is a synthetic insecticide that was widely used in the mid-20th century but has been banned or restricted in many countries due to its environmental and health effects. It belongs to a class of chemicals called organochlorines, which are known for their persistence in the environment and potential for bioaccumulation in the food chain. DDT has been linked to several health problems, including reproductive effects, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine disruption.

Alphaviruses are a genus of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that belong to the family Togaviridae. They are enveloped viruses and have a icosahedral symmetry with a diameter of approximately 70 nanometers. Alphaviruses are transmitted to vertebrates by mosquitoes and other arthropods, and can cause a range of diseases in humans and animals, including arthritis, encephalitis, and rash.

Some examples of alphaviruses that can infect humans include Chikungunya virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Sindbis virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. These viruses are usually found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, and can cause outbreaks of disease in humans and animals.

Alphaviruses have a wide host range, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. They replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells and have a genome that encodes four non-structural proteins (nsP1 to nsP4) involved in viral replication, and five structural proteins (C, E3, E2, 6K, and E1) that form the virion.

Prevention and control of alphavirus infections rely on avoiding mosquito bites, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and reducing mosquito breeding sites. There are no specific antiviral treatments available for alphavirus infections, but supportive care can help manage symptoms. Vaccines are available for some alphaviruses, such as Eastern equine encephalitis virus and Western equine encephalitis virus, but not for others, such as Chikungunya virus.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

Genes in insects refer to the hereditary units of DNA that are passed down from parents to offspring and contain the instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of an organism. These genetic materials are located within the chromosomes in the nucleus of insect cells. They play a crucial role in determining various traits such as physical characteristics, behavior, and susceptibility to diseases.

Insect genes, like those of other organisms, consist of exons (coding regions) that contain information for protein synthesis and introns (non-coding regions) that are removed during the process of gene expression. The expression of insect genes is regulated by various factors such as transcription factors, enhancers, and silencers, which bind to specific DNA sequences to activate or repress gene transcription.

Understanding the genetic makeup of insects has important implications for various fields, including agriculture, public health, and evolutionary biology. For example, genes associated with insect pests' resistance to pesticides can be identified and targeted to develop more effective control strategies. Similarly, genes involved in disease transmission by insect vectors such as mosquitoes can be studied to develop novel interventions for preventing the spread of infectious diseases.

I must clarify that the term 'pupa' is not typically used in medical contexts. Instead, it is a term from the field of biology, particularly entomology, which is the study of insects.

In insect development, a pupa refers to a stage in the life cycle of certain insects undergoing complete metamorphosis. During this phase, the larval body undergoes significant transformation and reorganization within a protective casing called a chrysalis (in butterflies and moths) or a cocoon (in other insects). The old larval tissues are broken down and replaced with new adult structures. Once this process is complete, the pupal case opens, and the adult insect emerges.

Since 'pupa' is not a medical term, I couldn't provide a medical definition for it. However, I hope this explanation helps clarify its meaning in the context of biology.

Sindbis virus is an alphavirus that belongs to the Togaviridae family. It's named after the location where it was first isolated, in Sindbis, Egypt, in 1952. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and can infect a wide range of animals, including birds and humans. In humans, Sindbis virus infection often causes a mild flu-like illness characterized by fever, rash, and joint pain. However, some people may develop more severe symptoms, such as neurological disorders, although this is relatively rare. There is no specific treatment for Sindbis virus infection, and management typically involves supportive care to alleviate symptoms.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

Population dynamics, in the context of public health and epidemiology, refers to the study of the changes in size and structure of a population over time, as well as the factors that contribute to those changes. This can include birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, aging, and other demographic characteristics. Understanding population dynamics is crucial for planning and implementing public health interventions, such as vaccination programs or disease prevention strategies, as they allow researchers and policymakers to identify vulnerable populations, predict future health trends, and evaluate the impact of public health initiatives.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "rain" is not a medical term. In general, rain refers to water droplets that fall from the sky as part of the Earth's weather cycle. These drops form when moisture in the air condenses and cools, creating clouds which eventually become heavy enough to release the collected water.

If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Malpighian tubules are specialized excretory structures found in the circulatory system of many arthropods, including insects. They are named after Marcello Malpighi, an Italian physician and biologist who was one of the first to describe them. These tubules play a crucial role in eliminating waste products and maintaining water and ion balance within the insect's body.

Functionally, Malpighian tubules are analogous to the vertebrate kidneys as they filter the hemolymph (insect blood) and reabsorb necessary substances while excreting waste materials. The main waste product excreted by these tubules is uric acid, which is a less toxic form of nitrogenous waste compared to urea or ammonia, making it more suitable for terrestrial arthropods.

Malpighian tubules originate from the midgut epithelium and extend into the hemocoel (insect body cavity). They are lined with a single layer of epithelial cells that contain microvilli, increasing their surface area for efficient filtration. The tubules receive nutrient-rich hemolymph from the hemocoel through open-ended or blind-ended structures called ostia.

The filtrate formed by Malpighian tubules passes through a series of cellular transport processes involving both active and passive transport mechanisms. These processes help in reabsorbing water, ions, and nutrients back into the hemolymph while concentrating waste products for excretion. The final waste-laden fluid is then released into the hindgut, where it gets mixed with fecal material before being eliminated from the body through the anus.

In summary, Malpighian tubules are vital excretory organs in arthropods that filter hemolymph, reabsorb essential substances, and excrete waste products to maintain homeostasis within their bodies.

Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a type of flavivirus that is the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis, a mosquito-borne viral infection of the brain. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culex species mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex gelidus.

JEV is endemic in many parts of Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, India, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is estimated to cause around 68,000 clinical cases and 13,000-20,000 deaths each year. The virus is maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, primarily pigs and wading birds.

Most JEV infections are asymptomatic or result in mild symptoms such as fever, headache, and muscle aches. However, in some cases, the infection can progress to severe encephalitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the brain, leading to neurological symptoms such as seizures, tremors, paralysis, and coma. The case fatality rate for Japanese encephalitis is estimated to be 20-30%, and around half of those who survive have significant long-term neurological sequelae.

Prevention of JEV infection includes the use of insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding outdoor activities during peak mosquito feeding times. Vaccination is also an effective means of preventing Japanese encephalitis, and vaccines are available for travelers to endemic areas as well as for residents of those areas.

Hemolymph is not a term typically used in human medicine, but it is commonly used in the study of invertebrates, particularly arthropods such as insects and crustaceans. Hemolymph is the fluid that circulates within the open circulatory system of these animals, serving multiple functions similar to both blood and lymphatic systems in vertebrates.

In simpler terms, hemolymph is a combined fluid that performs the functions of both blood and lymph in invertebrates. It serves as a transport medium for nutrients, waste products, hormones, and immune cells (hemocytes) throughout the body. Hemolymph does not contain red and white blood cells like human blood; instead, hemocytes are the primary cellular components responsible for immune responses and wound healing in these animals.

"Metarhizium" is not a medical term, but rather it refers to a genus of fungi that are widely distributed in soil and on insects. Some species of Metarhizium are entomopathogenic, meaning they can cause diseases in insects and are being studied as potential biological control agents for pest insects. There is no direct medical relevance or definition associated with the term "Metarhizium."

Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.

For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.

I apologize for any confusion, but "wetlands" is a term related to environmental science and ecology rather than medicine. Wetlands are transitional areas between land and water that are characterized by the presence of water, which can be permanent or temporary. They are critical ecosystems that provide various important functions, such as water filtration, flood control, and habitat for diverse plant and animal life, including many species of migratory birds.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, please don't hesitate to ask!

'Bird diseases' is a broad term that refers to the various medical conditions and infections that can affect avian species. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxic substances and can affect pet birds, wild birds, and poultry. Some common bird diseases include:

1. Avian influenza (bird flu) - a viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, decreased appetite, and sudden death in birds.
2. Psittacosis (parrot fever) - a bacterial infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, fever, and lethargy in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
3. Aspergillosis - a fungal infection that can cause respiratory symptoms and weight loss in birds.
4. Candidiasis (thrush) - a fungal infection that can affect the mouth, crop, and other parts of the digestive system in birds.
5. Newcastle disease - a viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, neurological signs, and decreased egg production in birds.
6. Salmonellosis - a bacterial infection that can cause diarrhea, lethargy, and decreased appetite in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
7. Trichomoniasis - a parasitic infection that can affect the mouth, crop, and digestive system in birds.
8. Chlamydiosis (psittacosis) - a bacterial infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, lethargy, and decreased appetite in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
9. Coccidiosis - a parasitic infection that can affect the digestive system in birds.
10. Mycobacteriosis (avian tuberculosis) - a bacterial infection that can cause chronic weight loss, respiratory symptoms, and skin lesions in birds.

It is important to note that some bird diseases can be transmitted to humans and other animals, so it is essential to practice good hygiene when handling birds or their droppings. If you suspect your bird may be sick, it is best to consult with a veterinarian who specializes in avian medicine.

Blood is the fluid that circulates in the body of living organisms, carrying oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing carbon dioxide and other waste products. It is composed of red and white blood cells suspended in a liquid called plasma. The main function of blood is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. It also transports nutrients, hormones, and other substances to the cells and removes waste products from them. Additionally, blood plays a crucial role in the body's immune system by helping to fight infection and disease.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "housing" is not a term that has a medical definition. In a general sense, housing refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house or apartment. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them.

"Plasmodium vivax" is a species of protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. It's one of the five malaria parasites that can infect humans, with P. falciparum being the most deadly.

P. vivax typically enters the human body through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Once inside the human host, the parasite travels to the liver where it multiplies and matures. After a period of development that can range from weeks to several months, the mature parasites are released into the bloodstream, where they infect red blood cells and continue to multiply.

The symptoms of P. vivax malaria include fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, and fatigue. One distinctive feature of P. vivax is its ability to form dormant stages (hypnozoites) in the liver, which can reactivate and cause relapses of the disease months or even years after the initial infection.

P. vivax malaria is treatable with medications such as chloroquine, but resistance to this drug has been reported in some parts of the world. Prevention measures include using insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying to reduce mosquito populations, as well as taking prophylactic medications for travelers visiting areas where malaria is common.

There is no medical definition or specific virus named "Encephalitis Virus, California." However, there are several viruses that can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and some of them have been identified in California. Some examples include:

1. West Nile Virus: A mosquito-borne virus that is the most common cause of encephalitis in the United States, including California.
2. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus: Another mosquito-borne virus that is less common but can cause encephalitis, particularly in older adults. It has been identified in California.
3. Californian serogroup viruses (La Crosse, Jamestown Canyon, Snowshoe Hare): These are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and have been known to cause encephalitis, particularly in children. They are named after California because they were first identified there.
4. Tick-borne encephalitis viruses: There are several tick-borne viruses that can cause encephalitis, including Powassan virus and deer tick virus. These have been reported in California but are rare.

It's important to note that any virus that causes an infection in the body has the potential to spread to the brain and cause encephalitis, so there are many other viruses that could potentially be associated with encephalitis in California or any other location.

A densovirus is a type of single-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the family Parvoviridae and the subfamily Densovirinae. These viruses are known to infect insects, including crustaceans and arthropods, and are often associated with diseases in these hosts. They have a small, icosahedral capsid and a linear, ssDNA genome that is around 5-6 kilobases in length. Densoviruses are non-enveloped viruses, meaning they do not have a lipid membrane surrounding their capsid.

It's important to note that densoviruses are not known to infect humans or other mammals, and therefore are not considered a threat to human health.

Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The worms infect the lymphatic system and can lead to chronic swelling of body parts such as the limbs, breasts, and genitals, as well as other symptoms including fever, chills, and skin rashes. Wuchereria bancrofti is a significant public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Allethrin is a synthetic insecticide that belongs to the class of chemicals called pyrethroids. It is derived from the natural pyrethrins, which are extracted from chrysanthemum flowers. Allethrin acts on the nervous system of insects, causing paralysis and death. It is used to control a wide variety of insect pests in both indoor and outdoor settings, including mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches. However, it can also be toxic to non-target organisms, including fish and beneficial insects, and may cause skin and eye irritation in humans. Therefore, it should be used with caution and according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Togaviridae and the genus Alphavirus. It is the causative agent of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), a rare but serious viral disease that can affect humans, horses, and some bird species.

EEEV is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly those belonging to the Culiseta and Coquillettidia genera. The virus is maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquitoes and wild birds, primarily passerine birds. Horses and humans are considered dead-end hosts, meaning they do not develop high enough levels of viremia to infect feeding mosquitoes and perpetuate the transmission cycle.

EEE is most commonly found in the eastern and Gulf Coast states of the United States, as well as in parts of Canada, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. The disease can cause severe neurological symptoms, including inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), meningitis, and neuritis. In severe cases, EEE can lead to seizures, coma, and death. There is no specific treatment for EEE, and prevention efforts focus on reducing mosquito populations and avoiding mosquito bites.

... also slept under a mosquito net. Mosquito nets were used during the malaria-plagued construction of the Suez Canal. Mosquito ... Some newer mosquito nets are designed to be both easy to deploy and foldable after use. Where mosquito nets are freely or ... Because an insect can bite a person through the net, the net must not rest directly on the skin. Mosquito netting can be hung ... When used for fishing, mosquito nets have harmful ecological consequences because the fine mesh of a mosquito net retains ...
11 July 2010 The Mosquito Net at IMDb The Mosquito Net on Eurochannel (Articles with short description, Short description is ... The Mosquito Net (Original title: La mosquitera) is a 2010 Spanish drama film about a dysfunctional family. It was written and ... The Mosquito Net British Film Institute. Retrieved on 28 July 2011 Geraldine Chaplin: "La Mosquitera es el mejor guión que he ... 18 November 2009 The Mosquito Net -- Film Review The Hollywood Reporter. 15 October 2010 Kiarostami y Miguel Cohan comparten la ...
Providing mosquito nets. Access to electricity, water and sanitation. Supporting breast-feeding. Training programs for ... Agriculture provides a safety net for jobs and economic buffer when other sectors are struggling. This study suggests a more ... trap Private sector development Redistribution of income and wealth Social dividend Social protection floor Social safety net ...
William, Paul (14 February 2016). "Film Review: Mosquito (1995)". Horrornews.net. Retrieved 15 July 2016. "Mosquito (1995) ... Taylor, J.R. "Mosquito (1995) Review". Entertainment Weekly. Mosquito at IMDb Mosquito at AllMovie Mosquito at Rotten Tomatoes ... Earl kills the mosquito with a shotgun. Later, two park rangers are fishing when they are attacked by mosquitoes. One of the ... A swarm of mosquitoes proceed to chase the RV. As the mosquitoes attack through the windows, Megan accidentally opens a side ...
Silverman, Ben (April 1, 2002). "Mister Mosquito Review". Game Revolution. Net Revolution Inc. Archived from the original on ... Mister Mosquito, spelled Mr Moskeeto in PAL regions and known in Japan as Ka (蚊, lit. "Mosquito"), is a video game developed by ... The player controls a mosquito named "Mister Mosquito", the game's title character, who has taken up residency in the house of ... Mister Mosquito was first announced in March 2001 just prior to the Tokyo Game Show. The tentative title of the game was Ka: ...
"Mosquito-borne health alerts issued for St. Martin". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. "Mosquito-borne chikungunya virus ... "Cambodia reports 1,500 cases of dengue fever-like CHIKV virus in last 12 months". Xinhua Net. 16 May 2012. Archived from the ... Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne alpha virus that was first isolated after a 1952 outbreak in modern-day Tanzania. The virus has ... The change allows the virus to use the Asian tiger mosquito (an invasive species) as a vector in addition to the more strictly ...
125 pieces of mosquito nets; 5 pieces of protective suits; 5 pairs of goggles; 5 pieces of oil resistant boots, 5 pieces of ... "Stranded passengers due to 'Pedring' down to 4,476". Inquirer.net. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011. "Typhoon ... "Why foreigners don't invest in Philippines". Inquirer.net. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011. "Evacuations as ...
"Ochlerotatus triseriatus - Eastern Treehole Mosquito". BugGuide. BugGuide.Net. Retrieved 2018-11-24. Liu, Jingyuan; Ma, ... This disease is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. This mosquito maintains the disease in the population through ... Other methods to take precaution against mosquitoes that are seeking humans for a blood meal are available. To prevent mosquito ... The overall diet of this mosquito includes mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Main hosts for this mosquito are the ...
"Film Review: Mosquito Man (2005)". HorrorNews.net. HorrorNews. 10 February 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2018. Vasquez, Felix (17 ... He begins to transform into the titular monster, a deformed chimera, half man, half mosquito, yet he manages to find his way to ... She explains that the levels have to be exact because if the mosquitoes receive too much radiation, the results could be more ... Allen discovers she is also changing into a human-mosquito hybrid, but more slowly as she received a smaller dose than Ray. ...
Some of these include: HIV/AIDS awareness clinics and outreach; Mosquito net distribution; Neighborhood cleanups; Sustainable ...
"Accident de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito T.Mk III G-ASKH, 21 Jul 1996". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 12 May ... Mosquito T Mk.22 : Canadian version of the Mosquito T Mk.III training aircraft. Mosquito B Mk.23 : Unused designation for a ... The Mosquito Page at Mossie.org de Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre a.k.a. Mosquito Aircraft Museum Calgary Mosquito Aircraft ... UK charity restoring Mosquito RL249 to flight. Website features WW2 colour film of the Mosquito de Havilland Mosquito magazine ...
"RAF pilot Frank Dell's story of survival in Nazi occupied Holland". abc.net.au. September 24, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019. ... Mosquito Down is a 2014 book by Frank Dell and Brett Piper. It is an account of Dell's time during World War II with Bomber ... Command of the Royal Air Force flying a de Havilland Mosquito bomber, being shot down over Germany, and his time with the Dutch ...
"9K115 Metis". Weaponsystems.net. Retrieved 2023-08-12. Michael J.H. Taylor (1980). Missile's of the World. Charles Scribner's ... "Mosquito ATGM". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2023-08-12. "M-220 Tube-launched, Optically tracked, Wire-guided missile (TOW ... "LAW-80". Weaponsystems.net. Retrieved 2023-07-30. "FGR-17 Viper Anti-Tank Rocket Launcher , MilitaryToday.com". www. ... ISBN 0-684-16593-7. "missile antichar sol-sol Oerlikon Cobra armée américaine , Le QG 1/72e de Twist Again". www.loutan.net. ...
the Mosquito - Washingtonian". October 23, 2013. "$29.3M Gates grant boosts Sanaria". www.gazette.net. Epstein JE, Tewari K, ... SPZ are normally introduced into humans by mosquito bite where they migrate to the liver and further develop to liver stages, ...
The organization also distributed mosquito nets. "Uganda Rural Fund." africa.kidsworldwide. KIDS Worldwide. 2 Oct. 2010. Web. ... the reason for building a new dormitory at Nazareth Children's home was that the existing building did not keep out mosquitoes ...
Mosquito Records London (May 14, 2018). "Ike Moriz - Millennium Hits 2002 - 2018". Mosquito Records London News. Archived from ... "Après le décès de N'goran la Loi, Allah Thérèse effondrée : "Je ne peux plus continuer sans lui"". abidjan.net. May 27, 2018. ...
Soon he realised villagers need mosquito nets. He met the CDMO to approach DM to provide funds. Somehow he is successful in his ... After six months it was shown that villagers are not using the mosquito nets but for different purposes. Hence Malaria returned ... Siddharth and Ravindra assumed villagers may not using nets as per guidelines. He proposed a large scale awareness campaign ...
In 2011, long lasting mosquito nets were being distributed to women and children under the age of five by Population Services ... Peter Lokale Nakimangole (11 December 2009). "Kapoeta East Residents Protest Over Mosquito Nets". Gurtong. Retrieved 2011-07-27 ...
"Medicating mosquitoes to fight malaria: Applying antimalarial drugs to bed nets could lead to drop in malaria transmission". ... Lambert, Jonathan (27 February 2019). "Promising New Bed Net Strategy To Zap Malaria Parasite In Mosquitoes". NPR.org. ... "Fighting Malaria With Drug-Treated Mosquito Nets". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-05-05. "Una nuova strategia per combattere la malaria ... "Spermless mosquitoes hold promise". 2011-08-08. Retrieved 2019-05-05. Adetunji, Jo. "Controlling mosquito sex lives is one way ...
... www.terrain.net.nz. Koehler, P. G. (1980). Blind Mosquitoes (Aquatic Midges). Florida: University of Florida. Draper, K. (1971 ... Species in the genus Chironomus are often confused with mosquitoes, as they look very similar, but taxonomically they are more ... closely related to New Zealand sandflies than to mosquitoes. The males of this species have feathery antenna, and the females ...
"Under the Mosquito Net." New York Review of Books September 14. 1968. Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and ...
They then installed their mosquito nets before sleeping. Day 25: Before the Reward Challenge, the castaways had a reunion with ... Before the Reward Challenge, the tribe randomly picked between either pillows, comforters, and mosquito nets for them to take ... or mosquito net) on top of a box resting on a trapdoor. They would then answer showbiz-style questions based on lie detector ... Once through, they would then climb up a net wall and retrieve a bag of puzzle pieces and race back to the starting line to tag ...
... mosquito nets for the crew quarters. On 11 August 1991, during the final night of the Doulos' stop in the southern Philippine ... MV Logos II MV Logos Hope "Doulos History". Ssmaritime.net. Retrieved 27 October 2014. Colton, Tim. "Newport News Shipbuilding ...
Bobbinet Mosquito net Needlerun net মোঃ আবু সাঈদ. "What is net fabric? Types and uses of net fabric". Textile Apex. Retrieved ... Net has been used in fashion for centuries. Tulle is a form of netting that is made of small-gauge thread, netted in a ... This is often used as a foundation for lacis or net embroidery. Spiral netting is a type of netting that goes around and around ... Using either the lace-maker or the net-maker method to tie the netting knot, several types of netting can be created. Diamond ...
"2015/16 WNBL SEASON PREVIEW- MELBOURNE BOOMERS". basketball.net.au. "AUS/JPN - Dreaded Roberts plunders Japanese mosquito fleet ...
Deighton, Ben (28 July 2017). "'Breakthrough' mosquito trap uses human smell and heat". SciDev.net. Retrieved 15 December 2019 ... Gibson's team have created a new mosquito trap that can mimic human body odour and incorporates design to encourage mosquitoes ... Fields, Helen (4 January 2010). "Mosquitoes: Love at First Buzz". Science , AAAS. Retrieved 15 December 2019. "To a mosquito, ... She found that mosquitoes can adapt their acoustic behaviour to aid mating, they will adjust their wingbeat frequency to ...
... child 3SG.NFUT be.asleep 2SG.SEQ put-3.OBJ mosquito.net that(2) SUPER-3SG.OBJ "The child is asleep; put the mosquito net over ... be.asleep qoko 2SG.SEQ alu-a put-3.OBJ taunamo mosquito.net qena that(2) faafi-a. SUPER-3SG.OBJ Wela qe biinga; qoko alu-a ...
The primary example is of mosquito nets in Malawi. In this example, an NGO sells mosquito nets to rich Malawians, and uses the ... and whether they are net sellers or net buyers of food. Because the price they receive for their output is lower, however, net ... This incentive structure has seen the usage of nets in Malawi spike over 40% in less than seven years. One of the central ... "Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$) , Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 13 July 2021 ...
In Calia, Oxfam also distributed 1,400 nets. Marromeu was also supplied 900 mosquito nets via Calia. The agency also agreed to ... One agency donated $626,500, helping transport 50,000 mosquito nets to the devastated area. A total of 5,500 bars of soap, ... more than 3,000 mosquito nets, and 1,600 buckets. The agency also built 50 baths and over 180 latrines. ... enabling transportation of 50,000 mosquito nets to the devastated area. Oxfam International distributed 18,000 L (4,800 US gal ...
The metal beds are hung with gauze mosquito nets. MISS WENTWORTH'S ROOM Miss Wentworth's room was named for the eldest ...
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's and Spread the Net's provision of mosquito nets caused environmental and human destruction ... as many of the people provided with these mosquito nets decided they were better used as fishing nets, leading to overfishing ... "Mosquito nets: Are they catching more fishes than insects?". ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 5, 2020. Short, R.; Gurung, R.; ... Rowcliffe, M.; Hill, N.; Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2018). "The use of mosquito nets in fisheries: A global perspective". PLOS ONE ...
... also slept under a mosquito net. Mosquito nets were used during the malaria-plagued construction of the Suez Canal. Mosquito ... Some newer mosquito nets are designed to be both easy to deploy and foldable after use. Where mosquito nets are freely or ... Because an insect can bite a person through the net, the net must not rest directly on the skin. Mosquito netting can be hung ... When used for fishing, mosquito nets have harmful ecological consequences because the fine mesh of a mosquito net retains ...
Also, each net is dyed a custom color by its owner with a colored insecticide that impregnates the fibers. Its safe to humans ... The Color Guard mosquito bed net is the first bed net that has a double-layered sheath preventing mosquitos from biting through ... The Color Guard mosquito bed net is the first bed net that has a double-layered sheath preventing mosquitos from biting through ... Also, each net is dyed a custom color by its owner with a colored insecticide that impregnates the fibers. Its safe to humans ...
Shop MotoSport for great service and the best price on Coghlans Hikers Mosquito Net. Make your next ride your best ride at ... Part Numbers for the Coghlans Hikers Mosquito Net Product Variant. Manufacturer Part #. ... This single point suspension net features a rugged 6 (15 cm) sheeting border that tucks under a mat to securely block insects ...
The BABYZEN™ YOYO net for strollers keeps all insects away from your baby while providing air circulation. Suitable for ... Keep mosquitoes and insects away from your baby The mosquito net keep mosquitoes and insects away from your baby while letting ... A zipper allows you to hold the handles while the mosquito net is in place ...
Gjør et godt kjøp når du handler Ticket To The Moon Mosquito Net. Klarnas enkle verktøy for prissammenligning av Telt hjelper ...
Find all Bugaboo Mosquito nets for your Bugaboo pram here! ... Explore our range of mosquito nets and customize your stroller. ...
An online resource devoted to North American insects, spiders and their kin, offering identification, images, and information.
Mosquito Trap On Net Iron. Free Stock Photo. Free for private and commercial use ... Mosquito Trap On Net Iron. Mosquito trap on net iron you can find ... Professional Mosquito Trap Net Iron Stock Photos. Buy Mosquito ... syahliany syahliany has released this "Mosquito Trap On Net Iron" image under Public Domain license. It means that you can use ... Public Domain Pictures.net created by Bobek Ltd. Copyright 2007 - 2023 by Bobek Ltd. Registered in England and Wales No. ...
The Life Systems MicroNet Mosquito Net is one of the most versatile mosquito nets available. Using the unique integrated ... Mosquito Head Net will keep your head, face and neck protected from annoying, biting insects. The Midge & Mosquito Head Net is ... The Life Systems Mosquito Net Hanging kit is essential if you tend to use your net frequently. The kit comes with hooks, ... 9) Mosquito Nets * (12) Repellent * (100) Luggage * (42) Personal Hygiene * (5) Skin Protection * (2) Sandals * (3) Shoes * (18 ...
Midge Head Net is perfect attire in insect infested areas, such as the Scottish Highlands in summer. The fine mesh keeps the ... The LifeSystems Mosquito & Midge Head Net is perfect attire in insect infested areas, such as the Scottish Highlands in summer ... The LifeSystems Mosquito & Midge Head Net is perfect attire in insect infested areas, such as the Scottish Highlands in summer ... The LifeSystems Mosquito & Midge Head Net is perfect attire in insect infested areas, such as the Scottish Highlands in summer ...
Check out Sea to Summit Mosquito Net Shelters for your campsite. ...
Choosing a Mosquito Net Travel Advice From Safariquip The Leading Online Store For Travel Accessories - Great Deals + Free ... Mosquito Net Glossary and Terms. Homestyle Mosquito Nets Travel Mosquito Nets. Strong, durable, and spacious nets with good air ... Box Mosquito Nets. View Products Self Supporting Mosquito Nets. Description: Self supporting mosquito nets use special flexible ... Wedge & Ridge Mosquito Nets. Description: Wedge shaped mosquito nets are like a wedge or slice of cake on its side. The high ...
Sea to Summit Mosquito Head Net with Insect Shield at L.L.Bean. Our high quality Clothing Mens are thoughtfully designed and ... Adults Sea to Summit Mosquito Head Net with Insect Shield. 4.7★★★★★★★★★★. 196. Reviews. ,Write a Review. ... Head nets provide essential protection from black flies, deer flies, mosquitoes and other annoying insects. Campers will ... No Fly Zone repels biting insects like ticks, black flies and mosquitoes. Its odorless and lasts for 70 washings for years of ...
Guide to Mosquito Nets. Mosquito Net Fabrics. Mosquito nets are the most effective way to keep biting insects at bay when ... Mosquito Net Shapes. Mosquito nets come in different shapes and sizes, and your choice will depend on where youre using them, ... Hoop Mosquito Nets. Like box nets, these are an ideal choice if you need coverage over a larger bed such as a king size. The ... Bell Mosquito Nets. Bell shaped nets suspend from a single point above the centre of a bed, with a small square frame ensuring ...
All COCOON mosquito nets are available with our without Insect Shield treatment. Treated mosquito nets are not available in ... For this reason white nets are preferred for indoor use and green, black and grey nets are used for the outdoors. All mosquito ... pack a COCOON mosquito net for extra protection. The high quality nets are available in various shapes, colors and sizes and ... The ultralight and super fine 15 Denier Nylon Mesh nets protect you against all kinds of mosquitoes and also smallest midges ...
A mosquito net jacket is not what you would think as "fashionable," but if you live in a place like Florida, you will find it a ... So when I heard one of our GeekDads was offered a mosquito net jacket from Mozzie Style, I jumped at them to let me try it ... Mosquito Net Jacket is a winner. The jacket will cost about $36.99 (currently on sale for $29.99) from Mozzie Styles website. ... Disclaimer: The camera and mosquito net jackets will add 20lbs to you on camera. \ Image: Dakster Sullivan. To start, Mozzie ...
... long lasting insecticidal mosquito net manufacturers & long lasting insecticidal mosquito net suppliers from China. ... Buy quality long lasting insecticidal mosquito net products from long lasting insecticidal mosquito net manufacturer, 43 ... Our mosquito nets include long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets, travel nets, military mosquito nets, and conical and ... Our mosquito nets include long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets, travel nets, military mosquito nets, and conical and ...
To support the mosquito net campaign in Sierra Leone, the World Bank provided over US$ 6.6 million that covered the purchase, ... More families owning and using mosquito nets in Sierra Leone. As many as one in two children under the age of five admitted ... "We have made very real progress towards the goal of universal coverage of our people with treated mosquito nets," said Dr. ... In 2011, nearly three-quarters of households surveyed reported that children had slept under a mosquito net the night before ...
The Sea to Summit Mosquito Pyramid Net Double is a double camping mosquito net in a tent-style design, ideal for trekking, ... The Sea to Summit Mosquito Pyramid Net Double is a double camping mosquito net in a tent-style design, ideal for trekking, ... Providing essential protection against mosquitoes and other bugs, the Mosquito Pyramid Net Double has an asymmetric shape so ...
Enjoy Sargent The Mosquito Net 1912 painting reproduction of museum-quality. Find the key factors about the painting and the ... Sargent The Mosquito Net 1912 Painting Reproduction , johnsingersargent.org Icon size (70x54) ...
... the Pyramid Mosquito shelters provide essential protection against mosquitoes and other bugs. The asymmetric shape means the ...
Loss of Household Protection from Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets against Pyrethroid-Resistant Mosquitoes, Benin Alex Asidi, ... Loss of Household Protection from Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets against Pyrethroid-Resistant Mosquitoes, Benin. ... Location, mosquito resistance. Species. Molecular form of An. gambiae. kdr genotype. kdr frequency. ... Characteristics of Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes collected from study households in southern and northern Benin, 2008* ...
Force 4 stocks various sizes in mosquito nets and fly screens for keeping unwanted bugs out. Available for purchase online or ... Mosquito Nets. Fans & Windscoops , Hatch Covers, Blinds & Curtains , Hatch Stays , Hatches & Portlights , Inspection Hatches , ...
... for failure to use an impregnated net. We conclude that, in the Amazon region, promotion of mosquito net use and impregnation ... Nevertheless, we found a benefit of impregnated nets compared with no net use: adjusted odds ratio (OR) for mild malaria 0.44, ... Nonimpregnated nets had a benefit that was only slightly smaller but not statistically significant (OR for mild malaria 0.54, ... We carried out a case-control study of net use and mild malaria in the Amazonas state of Colombia. Two hundred ninety cases ...
... you could add mosquito netting for a bit less money. Amazon has a few, including this $38 net from Wise Owl Outfitters. You can ... First of all, it has its own mosquito net. No more bites, no more swatting away those tiny pests. ... Amazon Is Selling A Hammock Swing Complete With Its Own Mosquito Net. ... also find more portable camping hammocks that come with their own mosquito protection, like this $26 offering from Covacure. ...
A giant mosquito net forms the entire facade on both sides of this house for Sao Paolo, in Brazil, a short stroll from the sea. ... These 50 foot tall mosquito nets can be fully opened during the mosquito-free seasons , yet are capable of keeping the insects ... A giant mosquito net forms the entire facade on both sides of this house for Sao Paolo, in Brazil, a short stroll from the sea. ... 2 Comments so far to "Mosquito-Net Facade Defines Tropical RRCasa on Brazils Coast". * Mandy. Says: November 15th, 2010 at 1: ...
... a built-in mosquito net, supports up to 400lbs & is easy to set up. Shop backpacking hammocks our great prices here. ... The Snugpak Jungle Hammock with Mosquito Net is an excellent alternative to a tent and offers protection from insects for an ... This camping hammock features 20D polyester construction with No-See-Um Mosquito Netting built in. The four pieces of 13ft/4m ... No-See-Um Mosquito mesh 1000 per square inch to prevent insects from disturbing your sleep ...
Our mosquito netting is constructed with elastic to fit snugly around the hood and foot of the stroller. The soft mesh netting ... Our mosquito netting is constructed with elastic to fit snugly around the hood and foot of the stroller. The soft mesh netting ...
... This clever mosquito net not only protects your child from ... The mosquito net is made of the same extra-strong nylon as our Deluxe mosquito net and has good ventilation. ... SuperSafe Mosquito Net by BabyDan - Reflective mosquito net for pram New in stock. ... bees, flies, mosquitoes and other insects. It also makes you both much more visible in traffic when you go for a walk with the ...
  • To be effective the mesh of a mosquito net must be fine enough to exclude such insects without obscuring visibility or ventilation to unacceptable levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • A mesh size of 1.2 millimetres (0.047 in) stops mosquitoes, and smaller, such as 0.6 millimetres (0.024 in), stops other biting insects such as biting midges/no-see-ums. (wikipedia.org)
  • When used for fishing, mosquito nets have harmful ecological consequences because the fine mesh of a mosquito net retains almost all fish, including bycatch such as immature or small fish and fish species that are not suitable for consumption. (wikipedia.org)
  • The netting's hexagonal ripstop mesh gives this mosquito net great strength. (upandunder.co.uk)
  • The ultralight and super fine 15 Denier Nylon Mesh nets protect you against all kinds of mosquitoes and also smallest midges such as black flies, but allow very good airflow and visibility. (cocoon.at)
  • Insecticide Treated Mosquito Net/Long Lasting Insecticide Net Material:100% Polyester Mesh:156holes/inch2 Denier:50D/70D/75D/100D Insecticide Treated: Pretreated with a high quality insecticide such as Deltamethrin. (phrmg.org)
  • The soft mesh netting keeps insects out, allowing your baby to ride in the stroller undisturbed! (pegperego.com)
  • Made of 220 holes/in² polyester mesh, this mosquito head net fits into the included stuff sack for storage and transportation. (skyviewcamping.com)
  • A single, free standing mosquito net with Lifesystems EX8 Anti-Mosquito long-life impregnation and a fine mesh netting that will keep out smaller insects such as midges. (lifeventure.com)
  • Our mosquito nets use a durable, lightweight and fine mesh that is designed to prevent mosquitoes from passing through and ensuring that you will have a comfortable nights sleep. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • Our hammock's overhead shield mesh net ensures annoying mosquitoes cannot disturb you as you lounge on your smartphone, iPad, or lay out with a book. (clickandbuyzone.com)
  • Recommended by the Forestry Commission as the best type of midge protection available, get one for keeping your sanity against the Scottish midge or for any UK midges or mosquitoes. (upandunder.co.uk)
  • Our mosquito nets include long -lasting insecticidal mosquito nets , travel nets , military mosquito nets , and conical and rectangular nets for third world projects. (phrmg.org)
  • A mosquito net is a type of meshed curtain that is circumferentially draped over a bed or a sleeping area, to offer the sleeper barrier protection against bites and stings from mosquitos, flies, and other pest insects, and thus against the diseases they may carry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mosquito nets can be hung above a bed or crib to protect against mosquito bites. (cdc.gov)
  • Mosquito Net Tent for Beds Anti Mosquito Bites Folding Design with Net Bottom f. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • You get it when an infected mosquito bites you. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you are bitten by mosquitoes, avoid scratching the bites and apply over-the-counter anti-itch or antihistamine cream to relieve itching. (cdc.gov)
  • Not to protect them from further bites so much, but to prevent mosquitoes from acquiring dengue from those patients and then spreading it to others. (cdc.gov)
  • A vaccine is available for use by people residing in endemic countries and for travelers to areas where yellow fever is common, but avoiding mosquito bites is also important. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Head nets provide essential protection from black flies, deer flies, mosquitoes and other annoying insects. (llbean.com)
  • No Fly Zone repels biting insects like ticks, black flies and mosquitoes. (llbean.com)
  • This clever mosquito net not only protects your child from bees, flies, mosquitoes and other insects. (babydan.com)
  • It has been used since ancient times to keep mosquitoes, bed bugs, ants, flies, moths, and fleas away and provides a natural way to eradicate pests. (peel520.net)
  • If you already own a hammock but would still like to protect yourself from insects, you could add mosquito netting for a bit less money. (kgun9.com)
  • A compact, lightweight bug net solution for your open hammock. (militarymart.co.uk)
  • Designed primarily for use with our DD SuperLight Hammock but also compatible with the Camping and Scout hammocks, this clever net fits around you like a cocoon and is cinched closed with elastic, meaning there's no need for spreader poles. (militarymart.co.uk)
  • Leave the DD SuperLight Mosquito Net rolled over one end of your hammock to be deployed in seconds when required. (militarymart.co.uk)
  • Say hello to our Hammock With Mosquito Net. (clickandbuyzone.com)
  • When you buy our Hammock With Mosquito Net, you get a set that's ready to install. (clickandbuyzone.com)
  • It is possible to increase the effectiveness of a mosquito net greatly by pretreating it with an appropriate insecticide or insect repellent. (wikipedia.org)
  • With mosquito-borne diseases such as Malaria, Dengue Fever and Yellow Fever still prevelant throughout much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and South America and Southern Asia, arming yourself with the correct insect repellent and mosquito net should be one of the first things you do before travelling. (ellis-brigham.com)
  • DEET is a man-made chemical and is considered the most effective mosquito repellent available. (ellis-brigham.com)
  • Pesticidal Uses: While Eugenol is most often used as a mosquito repellent, or as an attractant to Japanese beetles and other beetles, it's also employed as an insecticide targeting wasps, yellow jackets, hornets and other stinging or biting insects, and against tent caterpillars. (peel520.net)
  • To protect yourself against diseases spread by mosquitoes, CDC and EPA recommend using an EPA-registered insect repellent. (cdc.gov)
  • Personal measures such as using insect repellent, covering exposed skin with clothing, and using mosquito nets also provide simple, cost-effective--albeit not foolproof-- protection. (cdc.gov)
  • Remember to pack repellent, clothing, mosquito nets and other items you might need to protect yourself from mosquitoes when traveling. (cdc.gov)
  • As part of this campaign, approximately 3.2 million mosquito nets treated with insecticide were distributed to families across Sierra Leone, meeting the target of one net for every two people in the country, as set by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership. (sierraexpressmedia.com)
  • Recently 9 million mosquito nets have been distributed around Malawi with the aim of saving lives from malaria but unfortunately not everyone will use them for their intended purpose. (rippleafrica.org)
  • When hung over beds, rectangular nets provide more room for sleeping without the danger of netting contacting skin, at which point mosquitoes may bite through untreated netting. (wikipedia.org)
  • Choose a mosquito net that is compact, white, rectangular, with 156 holes per square inch, and long enough to tuck under the mattress. (cdc.gov)
  • From Hoop nets with collapsible rings to Rectangular or Square mosquito nets with or without openings are available. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • Made in South Africa Anti Mosquito Net Directory - Offering Wholesale South African Anti Mosquito Net from South Africa Anti Mosquito Net Manufacturers, Suppliers and Distributors at TradeKey.com Ends 7 â ¦ Other ways to browse. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • The effect of insecticide-treated bed nets on mortality of Gambian children. (ajtmh.org)
  • Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are a form of personal protection that has been shown to reduce malaria illness, severe disease, and death due to malaria in endemic regions. (cdc.gov)
  • Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are a major intervention for malaria control. (cdc.gov)
  • Only Natural Pet EasyDefense Flea & Tick Home Spray for Dogs & Cats uses the natural powers of eugenol and cedarwood to kill and actively repel fleas (including eggs and larvae), ticks, and mosquitoes. (peel520.net)
  • Some newer mosquito nets are designed to be both easy to deploy and foldable after use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Foldable Baby Mosquito Net Along which Stand On 4(Four) spring steel Rod a cloth carry bag. (shopclues.com)
  • It's easy to fold provision makes it all the more hassle free.Easily washable , Self supporting, no requirement of NailNew Born Baby Foldable mosquito Net. (shopclues.com)
  • The net is very durable and can be opened and closed daily.Can accommodate a Baby foldable mosquito net. (shopclues.com)
  • Installation Free Foldable Mosquito Net For Children And Adults. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • An essential oil made from cloves repels mosquitoes, and a derivative of the oil is used in several commercially available pesticides made to control a number of household and garden pests. (peel520.net)
  • Permethrin is an insecticide that kills or repels mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
  • The female Aedes aegypti mosquito is infamous for spreading the Zika virus. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • Each ZPK contained these and other items, used to prevent the transmission of the Zika virus, both from mosquitoes to humans, and through human-to-human contact. (cdc.gov)
  • It is said that Cleopatra, the last active pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, also slept under a mosquito net. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2011, nearly three-quarters of households surveyed reported that children had slept under a mosquito net the night before the survey, up from less than half the previous year-an increase of 66 percent. (sierraexpressmedia.com)
  • Herodotus described how people living in marshes in ancient Egypt fished with nets during the day, then slept under the same nets to repel insects. (cdc.gov)
  • Mosquito.net.nz may be hosted in multiple data centers distributed in different locations around the world. (hypestat.com)
  • Research has shown mosquito nets to be an extremely effective method of malaria prevention, averting approximately 663 million cases of malaria over the period 2000-2015. (wikipedia.org)
  • The effectiveness of insecticide-impregnated bed nets in reducing cases of malaria infection: a meta-analysis of published results. (ajtmh.org)
  • Dengue is transmitted by the bite of infective Aedes mosquitos which are found primarily in urban areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by urban Aedes mosquitos. (cdc.gov)
  • The principal vector mosquito is Aedes aegypti, a species found living in close association with humans in most tropical urban areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that occurs mainly in the tropics. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mosquito netting is mainly used for the protection against the malaria transmitting vector, Anopheles gambiae. (wikipedia.org)
  • ITNs are estimated to be twice as effective as untreated nets, and offer greater than 70% protection compared with no net. (wikipedia.org)
  • Campers will appreciate the extra protection of this head net treated with Insect Shield. (llbean.com)
  • DEET offers the highest level of protection against mosquitoes, and is our top recommendation if you're visiting an area where Malaria or other mosquito-borne diseases are present. (ellis-brigham.com)
  • If your next adventure takes you someplace with biting insects, pack a COCOON mosquito net for extra protection. (cocoon.at)
  • My only complaint is that, while it zips closed, it does not have any elastic or protection at the base of the jacket to keep mosquitoes from coming in from below. (geekmom.com)
  • Ideal for trekking, traveling and wilderness camping, the Pyramid Mosquito shelters provide essential protection against mosquitoes and other bugs. (wildernesssupply.ca)
  • You can also find more portable camping hammocks that come with their own mosquito protection, like this $26 offering from Covacure . (kgun9.com)
  • Our exclusive netting is made with a run-proof weave ensuring maximum insect protection from all biting, flying, creeping and crawling insects as the openings fall closed and the netting drapes hang to the floor. (mosquitonets.com)
  • Classic Round HUGE, lightweight King size mosquito net giving King size protection. (mosquitonets.com)
  • This net is ideal for those wanting a fully enclosed net for total protection. (lifeventure.com)
  • Our clients can avail from us LLIN Mosquito Nets, which are the best protection against mosquitoes. (reliefgears.com)
  • Permethrin-treated mosquito nets provide more protection than untreated nets. (cdc.gov)
  • This compact mosquito net is designed to fit over most hammocks providing you protection when necessary. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • A mosquito net provide additional protection against the insects. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • Researchers in the Australian state of Queensland are experimenting with introducing a virus into mosquitos to prevent another virus from spreading the deadly Dengue fever. (dragonflyeye.net)
  • Mosquito netting can be hung over beds from the ceiling or a frame, built into tents, or installed in windows and doors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The top poles spread the netting out creating a bell shape that offers excellent airflow through the netting while maximizing the interior space to fit over double or single sized beds. (upandunder.co.uk)
  • This length is a panel taken from a mosquito net or kaya --tents of mosquito netting were found hanging around and enclosing beds in all houses all over Japan, not just to protect from the hoards of mosquitos in that humid country's summer but also, in winter, to aid in capturing a bit of ambient warmth as one laid in their futon. (srithreads.com)
  • Cotton Mosquito Net for KING-QUEEN Beds. (mosquitonets.com)
  • This mosquito net has been designed to work over all beds! (mosquitonets.com)
  • The kid's mosquito net can be attached to the ceiling on a single point above the bed and is suitable for baby and children's beds and also for a single bed. (klamboe.eu)
  • Seven years later, Ronald Ross and his team discovered the malaria protozoa in the anopheles mosquito. (cdc.gov)
  • The efficient Anopheles mosquito vector enabled malaria to suppress economic productivity and development in the subtropical regions around the globe, especially within sub-Saharan Africa. (medscape.com)
  • Because an insect can bite a person through the net, the net must not rest directly on the skin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mosquitoes may bite through thin clothing. (cdc.gov)
  • Mosquitoes can live indoors and bite during the day and night. (cdc.gov)
  • See Mosquito Bite Symptoms and Treatment . (cdc.gov)
  • The effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated bed nets against malaria for migrant workers in eastern Thailand. (ajtmh.org)
  • Permethrin is an insecticide that kills mosquitoes and other insects. (cdc.gov)
  • Adults and children should sleep under a mosquito net if air conditioned and screened rooms are not available. (cdc.gov)
  • Insecticide-treated mosquito net interventions : a manual for national control programme managers / edited by Roll Back Malaria. (who.int)
  • However, funding for nets, and other malaria prevention and control interventions, is likely to plateau or even decline in the next few years due to the current economic situation. (cdc.gov)
  • MOSQUITO NET STANDARD SIZE Sleep soundly, protected from insects and flying bugs. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • Mosquito nets treated with insecticides-known as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) or bednets-were developed and tested in the 1980s for malaria prevention by P. Carnevale and his team in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insecticide impregnation can restore the efficiency of torn bed nets and reduce man-vector contact in malaria endemic areas. (ajtmh.org)
  • Today, pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets are used extensively in malaria-endemic countries in Africa, yielding life-saving returns for little cost. (cdc.gov)
  • All COCOON mosquito nets are available with our without Insect Shield treatment. (cocoon.at)
  • Our mosquito netting is constructed with elastic to fit snugly around the hood and foot of the stroller. (pegperego.com)
  • Mosquito nets are often used where malaria or other insect-borne diseases are common, especially as a tent-like covering over a bed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Self supporting mosquito nets use special flexible wire hoops or metal or plastic wands to make a stiff frame that suspends the net over the user much like a tent. (safariquip.co.uk)
  • Baby Mosquito Net Tent. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • If used correctly and consistently, these long-lasting treated nets are expected to protect families-including vulnerable young children and pregnant women-against malaria for at least three years, and could make a significant difference to Sierra Leone's malaria incidence. (sierraexpressmedia.com)
  • Mosquito nets are an amazing piece of equipment but only if used correctly. (rippleafrica.org)
  • The mosquito net is made of the same extra-strong nylon as our Deluxe mosquito net and has good ventilation. (babydan.com)
  • We have made very real progress towards the goal of universal coverage of our people with treated mosquito nets," said Dr. Samuel Smith, Manager of Sierra Leone's National Malaria Control Programme. (sierraexpressmedia.com)
  • Most nets are made of polyester, polyethylene, or polypropylene. (cdc.gov)
  • Individual donations of nets can be made through organizations such as CDC Foundation External or Malaria No More External . (cdc.gov)
  • The lower edge of the net may have a skirt of heavier fabric that serves the twin task of weighting the net to improve hang and reinforcing the net where wear and potential damage are greatest. (safariquip.co.uk)
  • Cotton bed nets featuring REAL netting , not inferior muslin fabric or synthetic polyester. (mosquitonets.com)
  • Primary reasons for pesticide use included mosquito control and home pests. (cdc.gov)
  • As of June 2011, according to a Malaria Indicator Survey, 87 percent of all households in Sierra Leone now own at least one mosquito net that has been treated with insecticide. (sierraexpressmedia.com)
  • Mosquitos give me so much anxiety because they can carry diseases and I swell up badly after I get bit. (geekmom.com)
  • Because they include poles or hoops to support the net they are heavier, bulkier and generally more expensive than similar sized conventional nets. (safariquip.co.uk)
  • No vaccine is available for dengue, but travelers can protect themselves by using anti-mosquito measures to avoid being bitten. (cdc.gov)
  • Symptoms of yellow fever usually appear about 3 to 6 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A mosquito bar could be used to protect oneself from mosquitoes and other insects while sleeping in jungle areas. (wikipedia.org)
  • The United Nations Foundationâ s Nothing But Nets campaign is the worldâ s largest grassroots campaign working together to save lives by bringing together UN partners, advocates, and organizations, to raise awareness, funds, and voices to protect vulnerable families from malaria. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • Stop mosquitoes from laying eggs in or near water. (cdc.gov)
  • Stop mosquitoes from laying eggs in or near water by removing standing water in items such as tires, flowerpot saucers , and birdbaths. (cdc.gov)
  • Tightly cover water storage containers, such as buckets and rain barrels, so mosquitoes cannot get inside to lay eggs. (cdc.gov)
  • Sierra Leone's rapid progress on malaria prevention is a result of the country's adoption of the goal of universal coverage with long-lasting treated mosquito nets, and a mass net distribution campaign by the National Malaria Control Programme in November-December 2010. (sierraexpressmedia.com)
  • In addition, if high community coverage is achieved, the numbers of mosquitoes, as well as their length of life will be reduced. (cdc.gov)
  • One way to maintain net coverage is to increase the lifespan of LLINs. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite combining high coverage and treated bed-net use, at least 16.19% remained rapid diagnosis test positives during the survey. (who.int)
  • SMS coverage was high in the current survey and most mothers knew the relevance of SMC administration with high bed-net coverage. (who.int)
  • RIPPLE Africa empower and work with local fish conservation committees to educate not only fisherman, but women and children too on the bylaws associated with fishing in Lake Malawi, these include prohibiting fishing with mosquito nets. (rippleafrica.org)
  • On Tuesday morning two girls appeared at the beach in front of RIPPLE Africa headquarters and started using a mosquito net to catch the baby chambo fish in the shallow waters. (rippleafrica.org)
  • South Africa has a risk of introduction of the disease as the mosquito vector exists in the country. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • South Africa Mosquito Net Importers Directory - Offering South Africa's buying leads from buyers, importers, distributors & resellers at South Africa TradeKey.com Personal Attention and Attention to detail. (groundsfordivorce.se)
  • Between 2008 and 2010, a total of 294 million nets were distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • It took its name from κώνωψ, which means mosquito in Greek, and is the origin of the English word canopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • If you're looking for a stylish mosquito net bed canopy then MosquitoNets.com is the right place for you! (mosquitonets.com)
  • In 2005, the Fifty-second Session of both insecticide-treated nets and for of vector-borne disease have often re- the Regional Committee for the Eastern indoor-residual spraying), is spread- sulted in significant use of pesticides Mediterranean issued resolution EM/ ing fast and compromises these efforts. (who.int)