The climate of a very small area.
Fabric or other material used to cover the body.
The motion of air relative to the earth's surface.
A state in which the environs of hospitals, laboratories, domestic and animal housing, work places, spacecraft, and other surroundings are under technological control with regard to air conditioning, heating, lighting, humidity, ventilation, and other ambient features. The concept includes control of atmospheric composition. (From Jane's Aerospace Dictionary, 3d ed)
A plant genus of the family ACERACEAE, best known for trees with palmately lobed leaves.
The atmospheric properties, characteristics and other atmospheric phenomena especially pertaining to WEATHER or CLIMATE.
N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.
The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.
The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
The TEMPERATURE at the outer surface of the body.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.
A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.
The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Peptides composed of two amino acid units.
Electrodes with an extremely small tip, used in a voltage clamp or other apparatus to stimulate or record bioelectric potentials of single cells intracellularly or extracellularly. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

An epidemiological study on the association between the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, and risk factors of ischemic heart disease by smoking status in Japanese factory workers. (1/89)

Several epidemiologic studies have shown the association between total leukocyte count and the risk of developing myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in 1,384 Japanese factory workers. Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in current smokers than in non-smokers. Among current smokers, the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the duration of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Being independent of smoking habit, the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were also related to several characteristics recorded at the physical examinations. The total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were positively associated with serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and hematocrit levels, and inversely associated with the serum HDL-cholesterol level. No significant associations of the total leukocyte or neutrophil counts were found with the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level. These results suggest that the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts may represent the metabolic condition with a high coronary risk among apparently healthy people.  (+info)

Effect of climate conditions and plant developmental stage on the stability of antibodies expressed in transgenic tobacco. (2/89)

Plants are regarded as a promising system for the production of heterologous proteins. However, little is known about the influence of plant physiology and plant development on the yield and quality of the heterologous proteins produced in plants. To investigate this, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN) was transformed with a single construct that contained behind constitutive promotors the light- and heavy-chain genes of a mouse antibody. The in planta stability of the antibody was analyzed in transgenic plants that were grown under high and low irradiation at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C. High-light conditions favored the production of biomass, of total soluble protein, and of antibody. The plants grown at 25 degrees C developed faster and contained less antibody per amount of leaf tissue than the plants grown at 15 degrees C. Both endogenous protein and antibody content showed a strong decline during leaf development. The heavy chains of the antibody underwent in planta degradation via relatively stable fragments. In vitro incubations of purified plantibody with leaf extracts of wild-type tobacco indicated the involvement of acidic proteases. It is interesting that the same antibody produced by mouse hybridoma cells exhibited higher stability in this in vitro assay. This may be explained by the assumption that the plant type of N-glycosylation contributes less to the stability of the antibody than the mouse-type of N-glycosylation. The results of this study indicate that proteolytic degradation during plant development can be an important factor affecting yield and homogeneity of heterologous protein produced by transgenic plants.  (+info)

Use of a repetitive DNA probe to type clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus flavus from a cluster of cutaneous infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. (3/89)

Aspergillus flavus is second to A. fumigatus as a cause of invasive aspergillosis, but no standard method exists for molecular typing of strains from human sources. A repetitive DNA sequence cloned from A. flavus and subcloned into a pUC19 vector, pAF28, was used to type 18 isolates from diverse clinical, environmental, and geographic sources. The restriction fragment length polymorphisms generated with EcoRI- or PstI-digested genomic DNA and probed with digoxigenin-labeled pAF28 revealed complete concordance between patterns. Eighteen distinct fingerprints were observed. The probe was used to investigate two cases of cutaneous A. flavus infection in low-birth-weight infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Both infants were transported by the same ambulance and crew to the NICU on the same day. A. flavus strains of the same genotype were isolated from both infants, from a roll of tape used to fasten their umbilical catheters, from a canvas bag used to store the tape in the ambulance, and from the tape tray in the ambulance isolette. These cases highlight the need to consider exposures in critically ill neonates that might occur during their transport to the NICU and for stringent infection control practices. The hybridization profiles of strains from a second cluster of invasive A. flavus infections in two pediatric hematology-oncology patients revealed a genotype common to strains from a definite case patient and a health care worker. A probable case patient was infected with a strain with a genotype different from that of the strain from the definite case patient but highly related to that of an environmental isolate. The high degree of discrimination and reproducibility obtained with the pAF28 probe underscores its utility for typing clinical and environmental isolates of A. flavus.  (+info)

Feedback control of the rate of peat formation. (4/89)

The role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle is confounded by two inconsistencies. First, peatlands have been a large reservoir for carbon sequestered in the past, but may be either net sources or net sinks at present. Second, long-term rates of peat accumulation (and hence carbon sequestration) are surprisingly steady, despite great variability in the short-term rates of peat formation. Here, we present a feedback mechanism that can explain how fine-scale and short-term variability in peat-forming processes is constrained to give steady rates of peat accumulation over longer time-scales. The feedback mechanism depends on a humpbacked relationship between the rate of peat formation and the thickness of the aerobic surface layer (the acrotelm), such that individual microforms (hummocks, lawns, hollows and pools) expand or contract vertically in response to fluctuations in the position of the water table. Hummocks (but not hollows) 'evolve' to a steady state where changes in acrotelm thickness compensate for climate-mediated variations in surface wetness. With long-term growth of a topographically confined peat deposit, the steady state gradually shifts to a thicker acrotelm (i.e. taller hummocks) and lower rates of peat formation and carbon sequestration.  (+info)

Stomatal oscillations at small apertures: indications for a fundamental insufficiency of stomatal feedback-control inherent in the stomatal turgor mechanism. (5/89)

Continuous measurements of stomatal aperture simultaneously with gas exchange during periods of stomatal oscillations are reported for the first time. Measurements were performed in the field on attached leaves of undisturbed Sambucus nigra L. plants which were subjected to step-wise increases of PPFD. Oscillations only occurred when stomatal apertures were small under high water vapour mole fraction difference between leaf and atmosphere (DeltaW). They consisted of periodically repeated opening movements transiently leading to very small apertures. Measurements of the area of the stomatal complex in parallel to the determination of aperture were used to record volume changes of guard cells even if stomata were closed. Stomatal opening upon a light stimulus required an antecedent guard cell swelling before a slit occurred. After opening of the slit the guard cells again began to shrink which, with some delay, led to complete closure. Opening and closing were rhythmically repeated. The time-lag until initial opening was different for each individual stoma. This led to counteracting movements of closely adjacent stomata. The tendency to oscillate at small apertures is interpreted as being a failure of smoothly damped feedback regulation at the point of stomatal opening: Volume changes are ineffective for transpiration if stomata are still closed; however, at the point of initial opening transpiration rate rises steeply. This discontinuity together with the rather long time constants inherent in the stomatal turgor mechanism makes oscillatory overshooting responses likely if at high DeltaW the 'nominal value' of gas exchange demands a small aperture.  (+info)

Genetic evidence for adaptation-driven incipient speciation of Drosophila melanogaster along a microclimatic contrast in "Evolution Canyon," Israel. (6/89)

Substantial genetic differentiation, as great as among species, exists between populations of Drosophila melanogaster inhabiting opposite slopes of a small canyon. Previous work has shown that prezygotic sexual isolation and numerous differences in stress-related phenotypes have evolved between D. melanogaster populations in "Evolution Canyon," Israel, in which slopes 100-400 m apart differ dramatically in aridity, solar radiation, and associated vegetation. Because the canyon's width is well within flies' dispersal capabilities, we examined genetic changes associated with local adaptation and incipient speciation in the absence of geographical isolation. Here we report remarkable genetic differentiation of microsatellites and divergence in the regulatory region of hsp70Ba which encodes the major inducible heat shock protein of Drosophila, in the two populations. Additionally, an analysis of microsatellites suggests a limited exchange of migrants and lack of recent population bottlenecks. We hypothesize that adaptation to the contrasting microclimates overwhelms gene flow and is responsible for the genetic and phenotypic divergence between the populations.  (+info)

Sexual and reproductive behaviour of Drosophila melanogaster from a microclimatically interslope differentiated population of "Evolution Canyon" (Mount Carmel, Israel). (7/89)

The strong microscale interslope environmental differences in "Evolution Canyon" provide an excellent natural model for sympatric speciation. Our previous studies revealed significant slope-specific differences for a fitness complex of Drosophila. This complex involved either adaptation traits (tolerance to high temperature, different viability and longevity pattern) or behavioural differentiation, manifested in habitat choice and non-random mating. This remarkable differentiation has evolved despite a very small interslope distance (a few hundred metres only). Our hypothesis is that strong interslope microclimatic contrast caused differential selection for fitness-related traits accompanied by behavioural differentiation and reinforced by some sexual isolation, which started incipient speciation. Here we describe the results of a systematic analysis of sexual behaviour in a non-choice situation and several reproductive parameters of D. melanogaster populations from the opposite slopes of "Evolution Canyon". The evidence indicates that: (i) mate choice derives from differences in mating propensity and discrimination; (ii) females from the milder north-facing slope discriminate strongly against males of the opposite slope; (iii) both sexes of the south-facing slope display distinct reproductive and behavioural patterns with females showing increased fecundity, shorter time before remating and relatively higher receptivity, and males showing higher mating propensity. These patterns represent adaptive life strategies contributing to higher fitness.  (+info)

Enhanced ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in wheat endosperm increases seed yield. (8/89)

Yield in cereals is a function of seed number and weight; both parameters are largely controlled by seed sink strength. The allosteric enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) plays a key role in regulating starch biosynthesis in cereal seeds and is likely the most important determinant of seed sink strength. Plant AGPs are heterotetrameric, consisting of two large and two small subunits. We transformed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with a modified form of the maize (Zea mays L.) Shrunken2 gene (Sh2r6hs), which encodes an altered AGP large subunit. The altered large subunit gives rise to a maize AGP heterotetramer with decreased sensitivity to its negative allosteric effector, orthophosphate, and more stable interactions between large and small subunits. The Sh2r6hs transgene was still functional after five generations in wheat. Developing seeds from Sh2r6hs transgenic wheat exhibited increased AGP activity in the presence of a range of orthophosphate concentrations in vitro. Transgenic Sh2r6hs wheat lines produced on average 38% more seed weight per plant. Total plant biomass was increased by 31% in Sh2r6hs plants. Results indicate increased availability and utilization of resources in response to enhanced seed sink strength, increasing seed yield, and total plant biomass.  (+info)

A microclimate refers to a localized climate or weather conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas. It is typically created by differences in terrain, vegetation, water bodies, or man-made structures that can affect temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation patterns. In medical terms, understanding microclimates can be important for studying the spread of diseases, air quality, and other environmental factors that may impact human health. For example, urban microclimates created by concrete and asphalt can retain heat and increase air pollution levels, which may exacerbate respiratory symptoms in individuals with lung disease.

Clothing is not a medical term, but rather a general term used to describe items worn on the body for various reasons such as protection from the elements, modesty, or fashion. In a medical context, clothing may be referred to in relation to certain conditions or treatments that require special garments, such as compression stockings for deep vein thrombosis or protective gear for athletes. However, there is no specific medical definition for 'clothing'.

In medical terms, "wind" is not a widely used or recognized term. It might be used informally to describe symptoms such as abdominal bloating, rumbling, or the sensation of gas moving within the intestines. However, these sensations are more accurately described as related to bowel function and gas in the digestive tract. If you're experiencing persistent or severe symptoms that you're describing as "wind," it would be best to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation.

"Controlled Environment" is a term used to describe a setting in which environmental conditions are monitored, regulated, and maintained within certain specific parameters. These conditions may include factors such as temperature, humidity, light exposure, air quality, and cleanliness. The purpose of a controlled environment is to ensure that the conditions are optimal for a particular activity or process, and to minimize the potential for variability or contamination that could affect outcomes or results.

In medical and healthcare settings, controlled environments are used in a variety of contexts, such as:

* Research laboratories: To ensure consistent and reproducible experimental conditions for scientific studies.
* Pharmaceutical manufacturing: To maintain strict quality control standards during the production of drugs and other medical products.
* Sterile fields: In operating rooms or cleanrooms, to minimize the risk of infection or contamination during surgical procedures or sensitive medical operations.
* Medical storage: For storing temperature-sensitive medications, vaccines, or specimens at specific temperatures to maintain their stability and efficacy.

Overall, controlled environments play a critical role in maintaining safety, quality, and consistency in medical and healthcare settings.

"Acer" is a genus name in the plant kingdom, specifically for maple trees. It does not have a medical definition per se, as it is not a term used in human or animal medicine. Acer species are known for their beautiful and distinctive leaves, which can sometimes be used in herbal or traditional medicines, although these uses are not typically recognized by modern evidence-based medicine.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Meteorological Concepts" is quite broad and can refer to various ideas and phenomena related to the study of meteorology, which is the scientific discipline that deals with the atmosphere and its processes. Here are a few examples of meteorological concepts:

1. Air pressure: The force exerted by the weight of the air above a given point. It's usually measured in hectopascals (hPa), inches of mercury (inHg), or millibars (mbar).
2. Temperature: A measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or environment, often reported in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).
3. Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in the air. Relative humidity is the ratio of the current water vapor content to the maximum possible content at a given temperature.
4. Precipitation: Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground, including rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
5. Wind: The horizontal movement of air relative to the surface of the Earth. It's usually described in terms of its speed (measured in knots, miles per hour, or meters per second) and direction (often given as a compass bearing).
6. Clouds: Visible masses of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. They form due to the condensation of atmospheric water vapor and are classified based on their appearance, altitude, and other characteristics.
7. Fronts: Boundaries between different air masses that have distinct temperature and humidity properties. These boundaries can lead to various weather phenomena, such as precipitation and severe thunderstorms.
8. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere, often resulting from human activities like industrial processes or transportation.
9. Weather forecasting: The use of scientific principles, observations, and computer models to predict future weather conditions.
10. Climate: The long-term average of weather patterns and conditions in a specific region, typically over a period of 30 years or more.

These are just a few examples of meteorological concepts. There are many more aspects of atmospheric science that could be explored, such as the study of tornadoes, hurricanes, and other extreme weather events.

Dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a chemically modified form of the second messenger molecule, cyclic GMP (guanosine monophosphate). The addition of butyryl groups to the cyclic GMP molecule makes it more lipid-soluble and allows for easier passage through cell membranes. This compound is often used in research to activate protein kinases and study the effects of increased intracellular levels of cyclic GMP, which plays a role in various cellular processes such as smooth muscle relaxation, regulation of ion channels, and inhibition of platelet aggregation.

The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and the ileum. It is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption that occurs in the small intestine, particularly carbohydrates, proteins, and some fats. The jejunum is characterized by its smooth muscle structure, which allows it to contract and mix food with digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients through its extensive network of finger-like projections called villi.

The jejunum is also lined with microvilli, which further increase the surface area available for absorption. Additionally, the jejunum contains numerous lymphatic vessels called lacteals, which help to absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream. Overall, the jejunum plays a critical role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.

Climate, in the context of environmental science and medicine, refers to the long-term average of weather conditions (such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, and other meteorological elements) in a given region over a period of years to decades. It is the statistical description of the weather patterns that occur in a particular location over long periods of time.

In medical terms, climate can have significant impacts on human health, both physical and mental. For example, extreme temperatures, air pollution, and ultraviolet radiation levels associated with certain climates can increase the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, heat-related illnesses, and skin cancer. Similarly, changes in climate patterns can affect the distribution and prevalence of infectious diseases, such as malaria and Lyme disease.

Climate change, which refers to significant long-term changes in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years, can have even more profound impacts on human health, including increased rates of heat-related illnesses and deaths, worsening air quality, and altered transmission patterns of infectious diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "trees" is not a medical term. It is a common term used in various fields, including biology, ecology, and dendrology, to refer to a woody perennial plant with a single stem or trunk that supports branches and leaves in most species.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please provide more context so I can offer an accurate and helpful response.

Humidity, in a medical context, is not typically defined on its own but is related to environmental conditions that can affect health. Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. It is often discussed in terms of absolute humidity (the mass of water per unit volume of air) or relative humidity (the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the maximum possible absolute humidity, expressed as a percentage). High humidity can contribute to feelings of discomfort, difficulty sleeping, and exacerbation of respiratory conditions such as asthma.

Plant transpiration is the process by which water vapor escapes from leaves and other aerial parts of plants to the atmosphere. It is a type of evapotranspiration, which refers to both evaporation from land surfaces and transpiration from plants. Water molecules are absorbed by plant roots from the soil, move up through the xylem tissue to the leaves, and then evaporate from the leaf surface through stomatal pores. This process helps in the transportation of nutrients from the soil to various parts of the plant, regulates the temperature of the plant, and maintains the turgor pressure within the cells. Plant transpiration is influenced by environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

Skin temperature is the measure of heat emitted by the skin, which can be an indicator of the body's core temperature. It is typically lower than the body's internal temperature and varies depending on factors such as environmental temperature, blood flow, and physical activity. Skin temperature is often used as a vital sign in medical settings and can be measured using various methods, including thermal scanners, digital thermometers, or mercury thermometers. Changes in skin temperature may also be associated with certain medical conditions, such as inflammation, infection, or nerve damage.

Air microbiology is the study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, that are present in the air. These microorganisms can be suspended in the air as particles or carried within droplets of liquid, such as those produced when a person coughs or sneezes.

Air microbiology is an important field of study because it helps us understand how these microorganisms are transmitted and how they may affect human health. For example, certain airborne bacteria and fungi can cause respiratory infections, while airborne viruses can cause diseases such as the common cold and influenza.

Air microbiology involves various techniques for collecting and analyzing air samples, including culturing microorganisms on growth media, using molecular biology methods to identify specific types of microorganisms, and measuring the concentration of microorganisms in the air. This information can be used to develop strategies for controlling the spread of airborne pathogens and protecting public health.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be broken down into simpler units by hydrolysis. They are the most basic unit of carbohydrates and are often referred to as "simple sugars." Monosaccharides typically contain three to seven atoms of carbon, but the most common monosaccharides contain five or six carbon atoms.

The general formula for a monosaccharide is (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The majority of monosaccharides have a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) and multiple hydroxyl groups. These functional groups give monosaccharides their characteristic sweet taste and chemical properties.

The most common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose, all of which contain six carbon atoms and are known as hexoses. Other important monosaccharides include pentoses (five-carbon sugars) such as ribose and deoxyribose, which play crucial roles in the structure and function of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Monosaccharides can exist in various forms, including linear and cyclic structures. In aqueous solutions, monosaccharides often form cyclic structures through a reaction between the carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group, creating a hemiacetal or hemiketal linkage. These cyclic structures can adopt different conformations, known as anomers, depending on the orientation of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon atom.

Monosaccharides serve as essential building blocks for complex carbohydrates, such as disaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose, and maltose) and polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, and glycogen). They also participate in various biological processes, including energy metabolism, cell recognition, and protein glycosylation.

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent, which is a type of chemical compound that breaks disulfide bonds between cysteine residues in proteins. DTT is commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology research to prevent the formation of disulfide bonds during protein purification and manipulation.

Chemically, DTT is a small molecule with two sulfhydryl groups (-SH) that can donate electrons to oxidized cysteine residues in proteins, converting them to their reduced form (-S-H). This reaction reduces disulfide bonds and helps to maintain the solubility and stability of proteins.

DTT is also used as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidation of other molecules, such as DNA and enzymes, during experimental procedures. However, it should be noted that DTT can also reduce other types of bonds, including those in metal ions and certain chemical dyes, so its use must be carefully controlled and monitored.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Cities" is not a medical term or concept, but rather a geographical and sociopolitical one referring to large, densely populated urban areas. If you're looking for information about health-related topics associated with cities, I would be happy to help! For example, there are many public health issues that are closely linked to city living, such as air pollution, infectious diseases, and chronic conditions like obesity and heart disease. Please let me know if you have any specific questions in mind!

Body temperature regulation, also known as thermoregulation, is the process by which the body maintains its core internal temperature within a narrow range, despite varying external temperatures. This is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain, which acts as a thermostat and receives input from temperature receptors throughout the body. When the body's temperature rises above or falls below the set point, the hypothalamus initiates responses to bring the temperature back into balance. These responses can include shivering to generate heat, sweating to cool down, vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels to regulate heat loss, and changes in metabolic rate. Effective body temperature regulation is crucial for maintaining optimal physiological function and overall health.

Hydrogen-ion concentration, also known as pH, is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (to the base 10) of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution. The standard unit of measurement is the pH unit. A pH of 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and greater than 7 is basic.

In medical terms, hydrogen-ion concentration is important for maintaining homeostasis within the body. For example, in the stomach, a high hydrogen-ion concentration (low pH) is necessary for the digestion of food. However, in other parts of the body such as blood, a high hydrogen-ion concentration can be harmful and lead to acidosis. Conversely, a low hydrogen-ion concentration (high pH) in the blood can lead to alkalosis. Both acidosis and alkalosis can have serious consequences on various organ systems if not corrected.

A dipeptide is a type of molecule that is formed by the condensation of two amino acids. In this process, the carboxyl group (-COOH) of one amino acid combines with the amino group (-NH2) of another amino acid, releasing a water molecule and forming a peptide bond.

The resulting molecule contains two amino acids joined together by a single peptide bond, which is a type of covalent bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. Dipeptides are relatively simple molecules compared to larger polypeptides or proteins, which can contain hundreds or even thousands of amino acids linked together by multiple peptide bonds.

Dipeptides have a variety of biological functions in the body, including serving as building blocks for larger proteins and playing important roles in various physiological processes. Some dipeptides also have potential therapeutic uses, such as in the treatment of hypertension or muscle wasting disorders.

A microelectrode is a small electrode with dimensions ranging from several micrometers to a few tens of micrometers in diameter. They are used in various biomedical applications, such as neurophysiological studies, neuromodulation, and brain-computer interfaces. In these applications, microelectrodes serve to record electrical activity from individual or small groups of neurons or deliver electrical stimuli to specific neural structures with high spatial resolution.

Microelectrodes can be fabricated using various materials, including metals (e.g., tungsten, stainless steel, platinum), metal alloys, carbon fibers, and semiconductor materials like silicon. The design of microelectrodes may vary depending on the specific application, with some common types being sharpened metal wires, glass-insulated metal microwires, and silicon-based probes with multiple recording sites.

The development and use of microelectrodes have significantly contributed to our understanding of neural function in health and disease, enabling researchers and clinicians to investigate the underlying mechanisms of neurological disorders and develop novel therapies for conditions such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and hearing loss.

Intestinal absorption refers to the process by which the small intestine absorbs water, nutrients, and electrolytes from food into the bloodstream. This is a critical part of the digestive process, allowing the body to utilize the nutrients it needs and eliminate waste products. The inner wall of the small intestine contains tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the capillaries in these villi, and then transported to other parts of the body for use or storage.

The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestines, which comes into direct contact with digested food and microbes. It is a specialized epithelial tissue that plays crucial roles in nutrient absorption, barrier function, and immune defense. The intestinal mucosa is composed of several cell types, including absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells, and immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

The surface of the intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, which are joined together by tight junctions to form a protective barrier against harmful substances and microorganisms. This barrier also allows for the selective absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The intestinal mucosa also contains numerous lymphoid follicles, known as Peyer's patches, which are involved in immune surveillance and defense against pathogens.

In addition to its role in absorption and immunity, the intestinal mucosa is also capable of producing hormones that regulate digestion and metabolism. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Amiloride is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called potassium-sparing diuretics. It works by preventing the reabsorption of salt and water in the kidneys, which helps to increase urine output and decrease fluid buildup in the body. At the same time, amiloride also helps to preserve the level of potassium in the body, which is why it is known as a potassium-sparing diuretic.

Amiloride is commonly used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and edema (fluid buildup) in the body. It is available in tablet form and is typically taken once or twice a day, with or without food. Common side effects of amiloride include headache, dizziness, and stomach upset.

It's important to note that amiloride can interact with other medications, including some over-the-counter products, so it's essential to inform your healthcare provider of all the medications you are taking before starting amiloride therapy. Additionally, regular monitoring of blood pressure, kidney function, and electrolyte levels is necessary while taking this medication.

Temperature, in a medical context, is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment. It is usually measured using a thermometer and reported in degrees Celsius (°C), degrees Fahrenheit (°F), or kelvin (K). In the human body, normal core temperature ranges from about 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) when measured rectally, and can vary slightly depending on factors such as time of day, physical activity, and menstrual cycle. Elevated body temperature is a common sign of infection or inflammation, while abnormally low body temperature can indicate hypothermia or other medical conditions.

A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, ... The terminology "micro-climate" first appeared in the 1950s in publications such as Climates in Miniature: A Study of Micro- ... Microclimates can also refer to purpose-made environments, such as those in a room or other enclosure. Microclimates are ... Look up microclimate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Trends in Microclimate Control of Museum Display Cases (CS1 maint: ...
Keepsafe Microclimate Systems. Retrieved 2015-05-20. Daniel, Vinod; et al. (25 October 1993). "Nitrogen Anoxia of The Back Seat ...
Microclimate Titchmarsh, Alan. "How to be a gardener". BBC. Retrieved 24 April 2013. Hessayon, D. G. (1996). The new bedding ...
ISBN 978-0-9561310-1-0. Stoutjesdijk, Ph; Barkman, J. J. (2014-12-01). Microclimate, Vegetation & Fauna. BRILL. p. 152. ISBN ...
Microclimate Pedology "Exposure , Meaning of Exposure by Lexico". Lexico Dictionaries , English. Archived from the original on ... microclimate). For example, because the sun's rays are in the west at the hottest time of day in the afternoon, in most cases a ...
Microclimate (Mikroklimat; 1975) A Tree Similar to Another Tree (Drzewo do drzewa podobne; 1977) Price (Cena; 1978) The Same ...
"Microclimate Conditioning Systems" (PDF). US Army Natick Soldier RD&E Center. May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 ... Depending on design, the wearer may be encapsulated in a microclimate, due to an increase in thermal resistance and decrease in ... By contrast, soldiers traveling in combat vehicles can face microclimate temperatures in excess of 65 °C (149 °F) and require a ...
ISBN 978-90-5699-296-5. Barry, Roger G.; Blanken, Peter D. (2016). Microclimate and Local Climate. Cambridge University Press. ...
The microclimate is also distinct. The southern ones have low diurnal temperature variation, just 4 °C (39.2 °F), while the ...
Museum Microclimates. National Museum of Denmark: 11-18. "Crack". conservation-wiki.com. "Warp (damage)". conservation-wiki.com ...
For example, RH sensitive materials may be stored together in a micro climate within the larger storage facility where their ... Each new layer provides additional protection by creating a micro climate buffer between an object and environmental ... Druzik, James; Bent Eshoj (2007). "Museum Lighting: Its Past and Future Development". Museum Microclimates. National Museum of ... Museum Microclimates. National Museum of Denmark: 11-18. Mecklenburg, Marion F.; Charles S. Tumosa (April 1999). "Temperature ...
Museum Microclimates. National Museum of Denmark: 11-18. "At Home Experiment: Put a Shine on it". SciFun. Archived from the ...
1998) Microclimate II: Red Snow (15'40). Acousmatic, stereo. (1998) Microclimate I: Snow & Instability (17'00). Double bass, ... 2007) Microclimates III-VI (22'00). Acousmatic 3rd order 2D higher-order ambisonics concert work and installations. (2007) ...
Giving the community its own microclimate. As a result of the community being surrounded by mountain ranges, Adiabatic heating ...
Purcari has its own micro-climate. The elevated Purcari region is 120 to 160 meters above sea level, with warm winds from the ...
In the past, Tigray was covered with forests and had a micro-climate that favoured the rains. Subsequently, the forests were ... These plants created a new microclimate. The terracing method was very simple but required good organization. Long stretches of ...
It has a very mild microclimate. The stream which runs down the valley discharges into the Atlantic Ocean at Nanven. This area ...
Variations in forest microclimate are also driven by the structure and physiology of canopy trees and epiphytes. This produces ... Parker, Geoffrey G. (1995). "Structure and microclimate of forest canopies". In Lowman, Margaret D.; Nadkarni, Nalini M. (eds ... Forest canopies contribute to forest microclimate by controlling and buffering variations in climatic conditions. Forest ... 23 September 2018). "Canopy structure and topography jointly constrain the microclimate of human‐modified tropical landscapes ...
Each microsite has its own microclimate. Microclimates near the ground are better characterized by vapour pressure deficit and ... Aspect is an important component of microclimate, especially in relation to temperature and moisture regimes. Germination and ...
Thus Tarifa features a unique microclimate. Summers are strongly moderated by the cool waters of the Atlantic Ocean much more ...
... attention to the on-site microclimate; and local sourcing of materials. The square redesign includes a CAD$1.2 million cycle ...
H. "Weather; Microclimates, Big Variations.", The New York Times, January 30, 2005. Accessed September 21, 2014. "In places ... experiences a snowbelt phenomenon and has been categorized as a microclimate region known as the "Sussex County Snow Belt." ...
The Kittatinny Valley to the north of Newton experiences a snowbelt phenomenon and has been categorized as a microclimate ... Leo H. Carney, "Weather; Microclimates, Big Variations.", The New York Times, January 30, 2005. Retrieved October 17, 2015. ...
H. "Weather; Microclimates, Big Variations.", The New York Times, January 30, 2005. Accessed August 1, 2018. "In places like ... experiences a snowbelt phenomenon and has been categorized as a microclimate region known as the "Sussex County Snow Belt." ...
This is due to an uncommon microclimate. Combined with the Uncha Mountain Red Hills Park to the west, the Francois Lake Park ...
"Vegetation-microclimate feedbacks in woodland-grassland ecotones". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 22 (4): 364-379. doi: ...
"Microclimates in the Museums , Index Magazine , Harvard Art Museums". harvardartmuseums.org. Retrieved 2022-11-17. Bullock, ...
Plants adapt to microclimates; experimentation is required to jumpstart the otherwise very long natural processes.) Friends of ...
The cave is characterized by its stable microclimate; during the whole year, the temperature is only 8.8 °C (47.8 °F) and ...
They are also essential for controlling the microclimate. When it comes to sacred forests, conservation may not be in conflict ...
A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, ... The terminology "micro-climate" first appeared in the 1950s in publications such as Climates in Miniature: A Study of Micro- ... Microclimates can also refer to purpose-made environments, such as those in a room or other enclosure. Microclimates are ... Look up microclimate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Trends in Microclimate Control of Museum Display Cases (CS1 maint: ...
Wind Microclimate Guidelines. The wind guidelines provide general advice on wind micro climate studies required as part of ... Good wind micro climate conditions are necessary to create outstanding public spaces in the City. Adverse wind effects can ... They focus on the primary factors that affect the quality and consistency of wind micro climate studies. They are the first ... Developers are encouraged to address wind micro climate issues at an early stage in their plans by appointing experienced ...
UNSW School of Built Environments urban micro climates project targets cost-effective policy and planning strategies for mitigation of urban heat islands.
... and microclimate impacts to and from the city structure. ... Impacts of the morphology of new neighborhoods on microclimate ... but also the microclimate of the original neighborhood to which the development was added, and that these changes in ... and microclimate impacts to and from the city structure. The methodology described here addresses this need by (1) ... case shows that the morphology of even a small new added development to a neighborhood affects not only its own microclimate, ...
Learn work with with microclimates, the climate of a specific small area that is different than that of the larger climate or ... In your garden, you may have a microclimate-a small area that has a different climate than your broader growing zone. How do ... Many warm microclimates already exist in our landscape; we just have to put them to good use. ... Carefully watch when flowers bloom this spring, and consider your microclimate(s) when planting in future seasons. ...
Great Lakes microclimate good for specialty crops. By Guest Contributor , November 9, 2023. More * More on Climate ... Sisung said the state has a strong agricultural market, partly because of its microclimate due to the Great Lakes. ... Great Lakes Echo (https://greatlakesecho.org/2023/11/09/great-lakes-microclimate-good-for-specialty-crops/) ...
Your USDA hardiness zone isnt the be-all and end-all when it comes to planting what and when, as microclimates can change ... Make The Most Of Microclimates. January 18, 2016. Maximize the growing area available to you by paying attention to the unique ... Grow Outside USDA Hardiness Lines With Microclimates. May 9, 2023. ...
It is important that the microclimate is maintained following any modification. Restoring the microclimate of altered caves may ... Restore and maintain microclimate in modified caves. * Overall effectiveness category No evidence found (no assessment) ... For a similar intervention, see Maintain microclimate in closed/abandoned mines. See also Install and maintain cave gates to ... We found no studies that evaluated the effects of restoring and maintaining the microclimate in modified caves for roosting ...
The greenhouse component of the home serves as an ideal microclimate for growing plants and cultivating a thriving ecosystem. ... This greenhouse works as a micro climate for growing plants to encourage the farm to table practice. ...
Creating Microclimates for High Desert Gardening (2019) is her most recent release. Visit Rose on her websites at SolarRanch. ... What is a microclimate, and why is it important to high desert gardening?. First you have to understand what the climate of the ...
Similarly there are few microclimate models that attempt to make linkages to tree and stand growth. Those that do are also in ... 2004) showed that most of the changes in microclimate take place within one tree height on either side of a forest/opening edge ... 2005) that can form the foundation for rigorous microclimate research. In Y083141 we used one of these sites (MH4902, a 60 ha ... We will transfer our findings to a microclimate driven growth model that will synthesize and help generalize the results of our ...
These microclimate factors may vary from site to site. As a gardener, its important to know about these factors. To learn more ... A microclimate is a small area with different environmental and atmospheric conditions than the surrounding area. ... This is why microclimates matter.. Creating Microclimates. If you want to create a shady site in your landscape, plant a tree ... What causes microclimates? Every piece of land has a dip, large tree, wall, or a hill that creates a microclimate. These are ...
Positive feedback between microclimate and shrub encroachment in the northern Chihuahuan desert. ... Positive feedback between microclimate and shrub encroachment in the northern Chihuahuan desert. ...
Observations of the microclimate of a lake under cold air advective conditions. The moderating effects of Lake Apopka, Florida ...
nbsp; Key words: Decomposition, litter, microclimate, nitrogen mineralization. ... nbsp; Key words: Decomposition, litter, microclimate, nitrogen mineralization. ... and microclimate factors (air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity) and decreased the variation rate of these ... and microclimate factors (air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity) and decreased the variation rate of these ...
... ... Yasir Amr (2016). Expanded Enclosure: Utilizing Conditioned Micro - Climates and Spaces to Develop Gradated Envelopes. UWSpace ...
Great Lakes microclimate good for specialty crops. By Capital News Service , November 3, 2023. LikeTweet EmailPrint More * More ... Sisung said the state has a strong agricultural market, partly because of its microclimate due to the Great Lakes. ... Spartan Newsroom (https://news.jrn.msu.edu/2023/11/great-lakes-microclimate-good-for-specialty-crops/) ...
Crowning Achievements: Effect of topping on microclimate conditions and human comfort September 11, 2019. Barb 1914 Views ... We know that topping trees depresses tree health, but we didnt know until now the effect it had on microclimate conditions and ... Ferrinis study on the negative effects of tree topping on microclimate conditions, human comfort, tree physiology and tree ... With his Jack Kimmel International Grant, "Effect of Topping on Microclimate Condition and Human Comfort," Dr. Francesco ...
Litter and microclimate controls on soil heterotrophic respiration after converting seasonal rainforests to rubber plantations ... Zhang, M., Feng, W., Chen, J., & Zou, X. (2021). Litter and microclimate controls on soil heterotrophic respiration after ...
Serir, L. and Bournet, P.E. (2014). CO-SIMULATION OF THE MICROCLIMATE INSIDE A GREENHOUSE BY COUPLING ENERGY AND CFD MODELS . ... 1037_124 CHANGES IN SOIL MICROCLIMATES BY USING DIFFERENT MULCHES AND REMOVING TIME OF PE FILM IN GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) FIELD ... 1037_72 EFFECT OF SHADING USING WATER CURTAIN WITH LIGHT IMPERMEABLE GRANULE ON MICROCLIMATE, AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE, GROWTH, ... 1037_137 CO-SIMULATION OF THE MICROCLIMATE INSIDE A GREENHOUSE BY COUPLING ENERGY AND CFD MODELS ...
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of certain factors of the microclimate (temperature, relative ... Factors of the Microclimate Affecting the Activity of Fox Squirrels in Southwestern Michigan. ... The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of certain factors of the microclimate (temperature, relative ... Courville, Frederick K., "Factors of the Microclimate Affecting the Activity of Fox Squirrels in Southwestern Michigan" (1960 ...
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Zookeeper Online™ 3.0.0-rc.5. Copyright © 1997-2023 J Mason ,[email protected],.. Zookeeper Online is free and open source software (FOSS) that assists in the management of various radio station functions such as music library, playlists, and charting.. You may redistribute and/or modify this software under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3 or later.. Visit the Zookeeper Online project homepage for more information.. ...
A Closer Look at Paso Robles Microclimates January 23, 2012 This morning, I had the pleasure of sitting on a panel with ... A Closer Look at Paso Robles Microclimates. This morning, I had the pleasure of sitting on a panel with Adelaida Cellars ... and I thought Id publish them so they could help others trying to explain the regions microclimates. All are based on the ... and I thought Id publish them so they could help others trying to explain the regions microclimates. All are based on the ...
PDD1 London builders: bathroom microclimate and placement. Part two.. / patios dublin / By Claire Reed ... that for some species of plants such microclimate is perfect for constant growth and blossoming.. While making bathroom ...
Microclimate simulation for urban design enables engineers to evaluate building aerodynamics, pedestrian wind comfort, and ... Urban MicroclimateOptimize designs with wind & thermal comfort analysis. *Valve CFDTest & optimize valve designs to increase ... Urban MicroclimateOptimize designs with wind & thermal comfort analysis. *Valve CFDTest & optimize valve designs to increase ... Microclimate Simulation for Urban Design. Learn how engineers can harness the powerful features in SimScale for evaluating ...
However, microclimate data from the various healing chambers offer valuable data toward determining the best management ... The objectives of this study were to determine how healing chamber design affects graft survival and microclimate, and to ... However, microclimate data from the various healing chambers offer valuable data toward determining the best management ... Microclimate data from the "none" chamber provided replicated relative humidity and temperature data that accurately depicts ...
Microclimate is normally affected by the urban morphology parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the ... Jin, H, Cui, P, Wong, N.H, Ignatius, M (2018). Assessing the effects of urban morphology parameters on microclimate in ... Assessing the effects of urban morphology parameters on microclimate in Singapore to control the urban heat island effect. ... microclimate. parameter estimation. tropical environment. urban climate. urban morphology. urban planning. Singapore [Southeast ...
This term describes the immediate climate around the vine. It is influenced by canopy management. Related terms include mesoclimate and macroclimate. ...
Microclimate. We measured microclimate using temperature per humidity loggers: hydrochron (DS1923-F5) and thermochron (DS1922L- ... Microclimate and land surface temperature in a biodiversity enriched oil palm plantation. For. Ecol. Manag. 497, 119480 (2021). ... As a proxy for microclimate buffering, we calculated the daily amplitude as the absolute difference between values at 7:00 and ... microclimate buffering (median daily amplitude of air temperature during 1 yr, °C d−1). A more detailed summary of the 20 ...
  • This can be done using passive methods, such as silica gel, or with active microclimate control devices. (wikipedia.org)
  • Active microclimate control devices can be used to protect large or small showcases. (keepsafe.ca)
  • All our active microclimate control products have been developed with, and are manufactured and serviced by Preservatech Inc. (keepsafe.ca)
  • The greenhouse component of the home serves as an ideal microclimate for growing plants and cultivating a thriving ecosystem. (yankodesign.com)
  • Creating Microclimates for High Desert Gardening (2019) is her most recent release. (southwestwriters.com)
  • Two main parameters to define a microclimate within a certain area are temperature and humidity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The technique involves merging wind, sunlight, temperature and humidity microclimate data at a seasonal level to obtain a holistic understanding of Thermal Comfort, how a microclimatic character of a place actually feels to the public. (cityoflondon.gov.uk)
  • The mean temperature and humidity predicted by the co-simulation ES-CFD were then compared with experimental data recorded inside a plastic tunnel greenhouse located in Angers (France) and the effects of ventilation caused by the opening of the door on the greenhouse microclimate were analysed. (ishs.org)
  • The small footprint of the Cincinnati Sub-Zero MicroClimate 3 combined with temperature and humidity capabilities make this chamber the number one choice for testing small components and products. (atecorp.com)
  • A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often slightly but sometimes substantially. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because climate is statistical, which implies spatial and temporal variation of the mean values of the describing parameters, within a region there can occur and persist over time sets of statistically distinct conditions, that is, microclimates. (wikipedia.org)
  • In anticipation of emerging global urbanization and consequent increases in energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, better understanding and quantification of climate effects on energy use in cities are needed, requiring coordinated research into large-scale, regional, and microclimate impacts to and from the city structure. (ornl.gov)
  • In your garden, you may have a microclimate-a small area that has a different climate than your broader growing zone. (almanac.com)
  • From our one night galas at Climate Theater in 2008, to our final month long show at Alterspace gallery in 2015, MicroClimate Collective curated twelve shows in San Francisco. (microclimatecollective.com)
  • MicroClimate Collective germinated in 2008 in collaboration with Climate Theater in San Francisco. (microclimatecollective.com)
  • Large remote microclimate generators are used to provide climate control for large groups of showcases or storage cabinets, often for entire galleries. (keepsafe.ca)
  • Microclimate is the very local climate close to the ground or another surface. (pelagicpublishing.com)
  • Our study emphasizes the crucial role of microclimate data when SDMs are used to gain insights into biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change, particularly given the growing policy and management focus on the conservation of refugia worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Modifying caves may alter the internal microclimate and make conditions unsuitable for roosting bats. (conservationevidence.com)
  • Restoring the microclimate of altered caves may also encourage cave-dwelling bats to return to abandoned roosts. (conservationevidence.com)
  • We found no studies that evaluated the effects of restoring and maintaining the microclimate in modified caves for roosting bats on bat populations. (conservationevidence.com)
  • Microclimate and air CO2 in Vietnam show caves" by Duc A. Trinh, Quan H. Trinh et al. (usf.edu)
  • These results showed that planting Acacia improved site qualities (litter fall, decomposition, and net mineralization) and microclimate factors (air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity) and decreased the variation rate of these factors in the study sites. (academicjournals.org)
  • Data of microclimate, CO 2 content, and particularly δ 13 C show that cave air, particularly in single entrance cave, has higher CO 2 concentration during summer due to a stagnation of cave air circulation and an elevated CO 2 input from soil and epikarst. (usf.edu)
  • A microclimate is an area of localized environmental conditions with regards to sun, temperature, wind, water, and soil. (bountifullandscapes.org)
  • Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications. (lu.se)
  • In summary, pathogen decline in soil was modified by the soil microclimate created under mulch covers, but the effect appeared was restricted to the time of soil cover. (bvsalud.org)
  • Whether you need to perform temperature cycling tests or expose your product to steady state temperature environments, the MicroClimate 3 will maintain precise and accurate temperature/humidity control throughout your test. (atecorp.com)
  • The Thermal Comfort Guidelines are a new technical tool which enhances the understanding of the microclimatic qualities of the City of London's public spaces as well as a methodology to assess the impact of a new development on the microclimate of the City's streets, parks, public roof gardens and terraces and other public spaces. (cityoflondon.gov.uk)
  • Developers are expected to conduct thermal comfort studies in parallel with the wind microclimate and sunlight studies to contextualise the results in terms of overall thermal comfort. (cityoflondon.gov.uk)
  • Expert judgement by experienced microclimate engineering consultants will always be needed for thermal comfort studies. (cityoflondon.gov.uk)
  • Dig deeper into Dr. Ferrini's study on the negative effects of tree topping on microclimate conditions, human comfort, tree physiology and tree morphology by clicking here . (treefund.org)
  • The mixture of water content within the cave atmosphere, air pressure, geochemistry of the cave rock as well as the waste product from these species can combine to make unique microclimates within cave systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • The objectives of this study were to examine litter, decomposition, net mineralization and microclimate by two leguminous species planted for the restoration of degraded area. (academicjournals.org)
  • It is also advisable to decorate the bathroom walls and floor with flowers in the pots, taking into account, that for some species of plants such microclimate is perfect for constant growth and blossoming. (bearcreekbb.net)
  • For forest plant species across Europe, we compared conventional macroclimate-based species distribution models (SDMs) with models corrected for forest microclimate buffering. (bvsalud.org)
  • Microclimates can be used to the advantage of gardeners who carefully choose and position their plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microclimates have become the talk of the town as gardeners try to manage their landscapes more efficiently and earth friendly. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Our Chicago Loop test case shows that the morphology of even a small new added development to a neighborhood affects not only its own microclimate, but also the microclimate of the original neighborhood to which the development was added, and that these changes in microclimate affect both neighborhoods' building energy use. (ornl.gov)
  • The objectives of this study were to determine how healing chamber design affects graft survival and microclimate, and to investigate how scion leaf and shoot removal affects graft survival in various healing chambers. (ashs.org)
  • What affects a microclimate? (dailyimprovisations.com)
  • VR harvesting results in higher spatial variability in microclimate that may limit regeneration survival and growth. (gov.bc.ca)
  • We show that microclimate-based SDMs at high spatial resolution outperformed models using macroclimate and microclimate data at coarser resolution. (bvsalud.org)
  • Microclimates can also refer to purpose-made environments, such as those in a room or other enclosure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microclimates are commonly created and carefully maintained in museum display and storage environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • We know that topping trees depresses tree health, but we didn't know until now the effect it had on microclimate conditions and human comfort in urban environments. (treefund.org)
  • Impacts of the morphology of new neighborhoods on microclimate and building energy. (ornl.gov)
  • As a gardener, you need to know your microclimates so you can place plants in the most optimal spots. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • However, microclimate data from the various healing chambers offer valuable data toward determining the best management practices for grafted plants. (ashs.org)
  • An understanding of the microclimate around plants enables us to interpret the behaviour pattern of insects as they change through the day. (pelagicpublishing.com)
  • Our intent is to characterize the patterns of VR stand microclimate (primarily group retention) and its impact on survival and growth of the next crop in coastal BC forests. (gov.bc.ca)
  • Hicks (1949) and Packard (1956) both investigated various factors of the environment affecting squirrel activity, however they made no attempt to gather data in the immediate vicinity (microclimate) of the squirrel itself. (wmich.edu)
  • Microclimates exist, for example, near bodies of water which may cool the local atmosphere, or in heavy urban areas where brick, concrete, and asphalt absorb the sun's energy, heat up, and re-radiate that heat to the ambient air: the resulting urban heat island (UHI) is a kind of microclimate that is additionally driven by relative paucity of vegetation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We believe that we can make original contributions to this important body of work by undertaking detailed microclimate measurements that help reveal fundamental relationships between tree growth and environmental conditions. (gov.bc.ca)
  • These microclimate factors may vary from site to site by just a few minute measurements or by quite a lot. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • A microclimate is a small area with different environmental and atmospheric conditions than the surrounding area. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • A microclimate is simply a small area that has different temperature and/or moisture conditions than the surrounding area. (keeperblog.org)
  • Cincinnati Sub-Zero MicroClimate 3 Compact Environmental Chambers are compact environmental chambers designed to simulate a full range of temperature and/or humidity conditions. (atecorp.com)
  • See also ' Install and maintain cave gates to restrict public access ' for one study in which a stone wall and gate influenced the microclimate of a cave with an effect on hibernating bats. (conservationevidence.com)
  • The presence of permafrost close to the surface in a crater creates a unique microclimate environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Every piece of land has a dip, large tree, wall, or a hill that creates a microclimate. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Natural formations like a rocky outcropping, hill, or anything that turns winds, creates shade, or harbors water are considered microclimate factors. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Each addition to the landscape creates a microclimate. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • We will transfer our findings to a microclimate driven growth model that will synthesize and help generalize the results of our research. (gov.bc.ca)
  • Cirrus fabrics do not absorb moisture released by the body, releasing it, instead, into the air, and ensuring that the optimal bedding microclimate is maintained. (2g.eu)
  • 1997). Research into the effects of novel silvicultural systems on microclimate has most often focused on the differences between open, forest edge and forest interior microclimates created by forest gaps and clear-cut strips rather than retention patches. (gov.bc.ca)
  • For example, urban areas often have a microclimate that is a bit warmer than the surrounding natural areas, and even a couple of degrees of warmth can allow some vectors and pathogens to flourish. (cdc.gov)
  • Leaving behind increased numbers of trees results in more forest edge environment compared to a clearcut and hence, a more variable and complex microclimate. (gov.bc.ca)
  • The microclimate around a plant is particularly complex and interesting, and an insect sitting on a leaf may be inhabiting a weather system completely different from the weather outside. (pelagicpublishing.com)
  • The system measures the microclimate directly in the vineyards and enables wine producers to manage time and resources in a sustainable and optimized way. (ginzinger.com)
  • Often a microclimate is shaped by a conglomerate of different influences and is a subject of microscale meteorology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such influences on microclimates may be manmade or natural. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • In an urban area, tall buildings create their own microclimate, both by overshadowing large areas and by channeling strong winds to ground level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maximize the growing area available to you by paying attention to the unique microclimates created around your home and garden. (hobbyfarms.com)
  • I spotted it one day while on my way to visit a friend at work, and thought it would be a great area to demonstrate a "microclimate. (bountifullandscapes.org)
  • Daniel Swain in KQED: Why Does The Bay Area Have So Many Microclimates? (ucla.edu)
  • The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of certain factors of the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and wind velocity) on the activity of a population of fox squirrels. (wmich.edu)
  • Similarly there are few microclimate models that attempt to make linkages to tree and stand growth. (gov.bc.ca)
  • There are still ways to use the notion of microclimates in your garden and landscape, but you will benefit from considering it from all angles. (dailyimprovisations.com)
  • Courville, Frederick K., "Factors of the Microclimate Affecting the Activity of Fox Squirrels in Southwestern Michigan" (1960). (wmich.edu)
  • Microclimate cooling has been used to control heat stress exposure where administrative or engineering controls are not adequate. (cdc.gov)
  • Weather Hunt is unique in that it allows you to quickly pinpoint an exact location anywhere in the US to get a detailed 7 day microclimate forecast. (weatherhunt.com)
  • A key factor in creating a microclimate is observation, and combining elements from your unique location. (bountifullandscapes.org)
  • This microclimate works because the buildings are tall and create shelter from extreme heat, cold and wind. (bountifullandscapes.org)
  • Your USDA hardiness zone isn't the be-all and end-all when it comes to planting what and when, as microclimates can change options considerably. (hobbyfarms.com)
  • Wind effects around tall buildings are assessed as part of a microclimate study. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keepsafe Microclimate Systems can help you explore your options, from a casual consultation to the provision of a complete formal study and recommendations. (keepsafe.ca)
  • Microclimate solutions can provide substantial energy savings. (keepsafe.ca)
  • They may also provide favorable microclimates for associated fauna. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2005) that can form the foundation for rigorous microclimate research. (gov.bc.ca)