Mice, Inbred DBA
Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan
Mice, Inbred Strains
Species Specificity
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Crosses, Genetic
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Glaucoma
Mice, Inbred C3H
Disease Models, Animal
Leukemia, Experimental
Complement C5
Collagen Type II
Blood thymidine level and iododeoxyuridine incorporation and reutilization in DNA in mice given long-acting thymidine pellets. (1/5198)
A long-acting thymidine pellet consisting of 190 mg of cholesterol and 60 mg of thymidine has been developed for the study of thymidine metabolism and reutilization in vivo. Implantation of such a pellet s.c. in adult mice will maintain the blood plasma concentration of thymidine at levels between 40 and 8 X 10(-6) M, which are from 36 to 7 times those of normal mice, for periods up to 48 hr. During this period, in vivo uptake and reutilization of [125I]iododeoxyuridine, a thymidine analog, into intestinal and tumor DNA were almost completely suppressed. While iododeoxyuridine reutilization is not large in normal proliferative tissue even in the absence of pellet implants, reutilization of over 30% was measured in large, rapidly growing ascites tumors. The inhibition of iododeoxyuridine incorporation by elevated thymidine blood levels is directly proportional to serum concentration. This appears to be due to a thymidine pool in rapid equilibrium with blood thymidine. This pool is at least 10 times larger than the 4-nmole pool of extracellular thymidine. (+info)Tissue pharmacokinetics, inhibition of DNA synthesis and tumor cell kill after high-dose methotrexate in murine tumor models. (2/5198)
In Sarcoma 180 and L1210 ascites tumor models, the initial rate of methotrexate accumulation in tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity and in small intestine (intracellularly) after s.c. doses up to 800 mg/kg, showed saturation kinetics. These results and the fact that initial uptake in these tissues within this dosage range was inhibited to the expected relative extent by the simultaneous administration of leucovorin suggest that carrier mediation and not passive diffusion is the major route of drug entry at these extremely high doses. Maximum accumulation of intracellular drug occurred within 2 hr and reached much higher levels in small intestine than in tumor cells at the higher dosages. At a 3-mg/kg dose of methotrexate s.c., intracellular exchangeable drug levels persisted more than four times longer in L1210 cells than in small intestine, but differences in persistence (L1210 cell versus gut) diminished markedly with increasing dosage. At 96 mg/kg, the difference in persistence was less than 2-fold. In small intestine and L1210 cells, theduration of inhibition of DNA synthesis at different dosages correlated with the extent to which exchangeable drug was retained. Toxic deaths occurred when inhibition in small intestine lasted longer than 25 to 30 hr. Recovery of synthesis in small intestine and L1210 cells occurred synchronously and only below dosages of 400 mg/kg. Within 24 hr after dosages of greater than 24 mg/kg, the rate of tumor cell loss increased to a point characterized by a single exponential (t1/2=8.5 hr). The total cell loss, but not the rate of cell loss, was dose dependent. (+info)Lung weight parallels disease severity in experimental coccidioidomycosis. (3/5198)
Evidence provided by histopathological study of lesions is a valuable adjunct for evaluating chemotherapeutic efficacy in experimental animal models, In addition, this should be correlated with a measure of disease severity in the same animal. The latter could be obtained by homogenization of infected organs and quantitative enumeration of viable cells of the etiological agent, but this would preclude histopathological studies in the same animal. Progression of disease in pulmonary infection is associated with replacement of air space by fluid, cells, and cellular debris. Therefore, an increase in lung weight should reflect severity of disease. Results with the murine model of coccidioidomycosis demonstrate that increasing lung weight parallels the increasing census of fungus cells in the lungs of both treated and nontreated infected mice. This was supported with evidence obtained from microscopic studies of lesions indicating that specific chemotherapy limited spread of the infection and inhibited multiplication of the fungus in the lung. Therefore, lung weight can be used as a measure of disease severity in the murine model of coccidioidomycosis. (+info)Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (4/5198)
Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice can be passively transferred to SCID mice with spleen B- and T-lymphocytes. In the present study, we show that infection ex vivo of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a retroviral vector, containing cDNA for the soluble form of human p75 receptor of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-R) before transfer, prevents the development of arthritis, bone erosion and joint inflammation in the SCID recipients. Assessment of IgG subclass levels and studies of synovial histology suggest that down-regulating the effector functions of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells may, at least in part, explain the inhibition of arthritis in the SCID recipients. In contrast, the transfer of splenocytes infected with mouse TNF-alpha gene construct resulted in exacerbated arthritis and enhancement of IgG2a antibody levels. Intriguingly, infection of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a construct for mouse IL-10 had no modulating effect on the transfer of arthritis. The data suggest that manipulation of the immune system with cytokines, or cytokine inhibitors using gene transfer protocols can be an effective approach to ameliorate arthritis. (+info)Tissue-specific knockout of the insulin receptor in pancreatic beta cells creates an insulin secretory defect similar to that in type 2 diabetes. (5/5198)
Dysfunction of the pancreatic beta cell is an important defect in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, although its exact relationship to the insulin resistance is unclear. To determine whether insulin signaling has a functional role in the beta cell we have used the Cre-loxP system to specifically inactivate the insulin receptor gene in the beta cells. The resultant mice exhibit a selective loss of insulin secretion in response to glucose and a progressive impairment of glucose tolerance. These data indicate an important functional role for the insulin receptor in glucose sensing by the pancreatic beta cell and suggest that defects in insulin signaling at the level of the beta cell may contribute to the observed alterations in insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. (+info)The cerebral metabolic consequences of nitric oxide synthase deficiency: glucose utilization in endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase null mice. (6/5198)
Nitric oxide has multiple physiologic roles in the CNS. Inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis might therefore alter functional activity within the brain. We used [14C]-2-deoxyglucose in vivo autoradiography to measure local CMRglc in "knockout" mice lacking the genes for either the endothelial (eNOS) or neuronal (nNOS) isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, and in the progenitor strains (SV129, C57B1/6). Glucose utilization levels did not significantly differ between nNOS and eNOS knockout mice and C57B1/6 mice in any of the 48 brain regions examined, but were relatively lower in some subcortical regions in SV129 mice. (+info)T cell subsets in experimental lupus nephritis: modulation by bacterial superantigen. (7/5198)
Chronic graft-vs-host disease (GvH), induced by injection of DBA/2 lymphocytes into (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 hybrids, is a murine model for lupus nephritis, associated with a Th2-dependent polyclonal B cell activation. The development of glomerulosclerosis in this model is preceded by a glomerular influx of LFA-1+ T cells. We investigated whether exposure to bacterial superantigen would modulate the course of this autoimmune syndrome. Injection of the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in mice has been shown to induce the activation of TcRVbeta8+ T cells. Within 2 weeks after GvH induction, mice were injected twice with 20 microg of SEB and the following parameters were examined: cytokine and Ig profile, proteinuria and renal pathology. The second SEB injection induced in GvH mice an increased release of both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as compared with control F1 mice. No differences were observed in IL-2 production. SEB-treated GvH mice demonstrated a delayed onset of proteinuria. Histological analysis of the kidney showed that SEB-challenged GvH mice displayed significantly more interstitial inflammation and mesangial proliferation together with more IgG2a deposits in glomeruli than non-injected GvH mice. From these results, we conclude that GvH mice are more responsive to SEB in terms of cytokine production and that bacterial infection can modulate the course of this renal disease from a membranous to a more proliferative type of nephropathy. (+info)Development and function of autospecific dual TCR+ T lymphocytes. (8/5198)
Recent studies have challenged the long held concept that each T lymphocyte expresses on its surface only a single, unique alphabetaTCR. Dual TCR+ T cells have been recognized, however, their origin and potential to escape screening for self-reactivity remain obscure. We now report the thymic generation of dual alphabetaTCR+ T cells in the H-2Db/H-Y-specific TCR transgenic (Tg) mouse. Dual TCR+ thymocytes were positively selected less efficiently than single TCR+ thymocytes, although a subset attained maturity. Importantly, when TCR Tg mice were bred onto a negatively selecting background, auto-specific cells survived central deletion and matured as CD4+ dual TCR+ cells. These cells were autoreactive when CD8 expression was restored. The existence of autospecific, dual TCR+ T cells may have implications for the maintenance of self tolerance. (+info)'DBA' is an abbreviation for 'Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes,' but in the context of "Inbred DBA mice," it refers to a specific strain of laboratory mice that have been inbred for many generations. The DBA strain is one of the oldest inbred strains, and it was established in 1909 by C.C. Little at the Bussey Institute of Harvard University.
The "Inbred DBA" mice are genetically identical mice that have been produced by brother-sister matings for more than 20 generations. This extensive inbreeding results in a homozygous population, where all members of the strain have the same genetic makeup. The DBA strain is further divided into several sub-strains, including DBA/1, DBA/2, and DBA/J, among others.
DBA mice are known for their black coat color, which can fade to gray with age, and they exhibit a range of phenotypic traits that make them useful for research purposes. For example, DBA mice have a high incidence of retinal degeneration, making them a valuable model for studying eye diseases. They also show differences in behavior, immune response, and susceptibility to various diseases compared to other inbred strains.
In summary, "Inbred DBA" mice are a specific strain of laboratory mice that have been inbred for many generations, resulting in a genetically identical population with distinct phenotypic traits. They are widely used in biomedical research to study various diseases and biological processes.
Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a rare, congenital bone marrow failure disorder characterized by a decreased production of red blood cells (erythroblasts) in the bone marrow. This results in a reduced number of circulating red blood cells, leading to anemia and related symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor. The disorder is typically diagnosed in infancy or early childhood and can also be associated with physical abnormalities.
The exact cause of Diamond-Blackfan anemia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations that affect the development and function of the bone marrow. In many cases, the disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from an affected parent. However, some cases may arise spontaneously due to new genetic mutations.
Treatment for Diamond-Blackfan anemia typically involves regular blood transfusions to maintain adequate red blood cell levels and alleviate symptoms. Corticosteroid therapy may also be used to stimulate red blood cell production in some cases. In severe or refractory cases, stem cell transplantation may be considered as a curative treatment option.
Inbred strains of mice are defined as lines of mice that have been brother-sister mated for at least 20 consecutive generations. This results in a high degree of homozygosity, where the mice of an inbred strain are genetically identical to one another, with the exception of spontaneous mutations.
Inbred strains of mice are widely used in biomedical research due to their genetic uniformity and stability, which makes them useful for studying the genetic basis of various traits, diseases, and biological processes. They also provide a consistent and reproducible experimental system, as compared to outbred or genetically heterogeneous populations.
Some commonly used inbred strains of mice include C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ, DBA/2J, and 129SvEv. Each strain has its own unique genetic background and phenotypic characteristics, which can influence the results of experiments. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate inbred strain for a given research question.
Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.
For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.
C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.
The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.
C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.
One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.
Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.
"Genetic crosses" refer to the breeding of individuals with different genetic characteristics to produce offspring with specific combinations of traits. This process is commonly used in genetics research to study the inheritance patterns and function of specific genes.
There are several types of genetic crosses, including:
1. Monohybrid cross: A cross between two individuals that differ in the expression of a single gene or trait.
2. Dihybrid cross: A cross between two individuals that differ in the expression of two genes or traits.
3. Backcross: A cross between an individual from a hybrid population and one of its parental lines.
4. Testcross: A cross between an individual with unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.
5. Reciprocal cross: A cross in which the male and female parents are reversed to determine if there is any effect of sex on the expression of the trait.
These genetic crosses help researchers to understand the mode of inheritance, linkage, recombination, and other genetic phenomena.
Occupational noise is defined as exposure to excessive or harmful levels of sound in the workplace that has the potential to cause adverse health effects such as hearing loss, tinnitus, and stress-related symptoms. The measurement of occupational noise is typically expressed in units of decibels (dB), and the permissible exposure limits are regulated by organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States.
Exposure to high levels of occupational noise can lead to permanent hearing loss, which is often irreversible. It can also interfere with communication and concentration, leading to decreased productivity and increased risk of accidents. Therefore, it is essential to implement appropriate measures to control and reduce occupational noise exposure in the workplace.
BALB/c is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The strain was developed at the Institute of Cancer Research in London by Henry Baldwin and his colleagues in the 1920s, and it has since become one of the most commonly used inbred strains in the world.
BALB/c mice are characterized by their black coat color, which is determined by a recessive allele at the tyrosinase locus. They are also known for their docile and friendly temperament, making them easy to handle and work with in the laboratory.
One of the key features of BALB/c mice that makes them useful for research is their susceptibility to certain types of tumors and immune responses. For example, they are highly susceptible to developing mammary tumors, which can be induced by chemical carcinogens or viral infection. They also have a strong Th2-biased immune response, which makes them useful models for studying allergic diseases and asthma.
BALB/c mice are also commonly used in studies of genetics, neuroscience, behavior, and infectious diseases. Because they are an inbred strain, they have a uniform genetic background, which makes it easier to control for genetic factors in experiments. Additionally, because they have been bred in the laboratory for many generations, they are highly standardized and reproducible, making them ideal subjects for scientific research.
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure). This damage can lead to permanent vision loss or even blindness if left untreated. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, which has no warning signs and progresses slowly. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, can cause sudden eye pain, redness, nausea, and vomiting, as well as rapid vision loss. Other less common types of glaucoma also exist. While there is no cure for glaucoma, early detection and treatment can help slow or prevent further vision loss.
'C3H' is the name of an inbred strain of laboratory mice that was developed at the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. The mice are characterized by their uniform genetic background and have been widely used in biomedical research for many decades.
The C3H strain is particularly notable for its susceptibility to certain types of cancer, including mammary tumors and lymphomas. It also has a high incidence of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases. The strain is often used in studies of immunology, genetics, and carcinogenesis.
Like all inbred strains, the C3H mice are the result of many generations of brother-sister matings, which leads to a high degree of genetic uniformity within the strain. This makes them useful for studying the effects of specific genes or environmental factors on disease susceptibility and other traits. However, it also means that they may not always be representative of the genetic diversity found in outbred populations, including humans.
Animal disease models are specialized animals, typically rodents such as mice or rats, that have been genetically engineered or exposed to certain conditions to develop symptoms and physiological changes similar to those seen in human diseases. These models are used in medical research to study the pathophysiology of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, test drug efficacy and safety, and understand disease mechanisms.
The genetic modifications can include knockout or knock-in mutations, transgenic expression of specific genes, or RNA interference techniques. The animals may also be exposed to environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents to induce the disease state.
Examples of animal disease models include:
1. Mouse models of cancer: Genetically engineered mice that develop various types of tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
2. Alzheimer's disease models: Transgenic mice expressing mutant human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which exhibit amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline.
3. Diabetes models: Obese and diabetic mouse strains like the NOD (non-obese diabetic) or db/db mice, used to study the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
4. Cardiovascular disease models: Atherosclerosis-prone mice, such as ApoE-deficient or LDLR-deficient mice, that develop plaque buildup in their arteries when fed a high-fat diet.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease models: Mice with genetic mutations affecting intestinal barrier function and immune response, such as IL-10 knockout or SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop colitis.
Animal disease models are essential tools in preclinical research, but it is important to recognize their limitations. Differences between species can affect the translatability of results from animal studies to human patients. Therefore, researchers must carefully consider the choice of model and interpret findings cautiously when applying them to human diseases.
Experimental leukemia refers to the stage of research or clinical trials where new therapies, treatments, or diagnostic methods are being studied for leukemia. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
In the experimental stage, researchers investigate various aspects of leukemia, such as its causes, progression, and potential treatments. They may conduct laboratory studies using cell cultures or animal models to understand the disease better and test new therapeutic approaches. Additionally, clinical trials may be conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel treatments in human patients with leukemia.
Experimental research in leukemia is crucial for advancing our understanding of the disease and developing more effective treatment strategies. It involves a rigorous and systematic process that adheres to ethical guidelines and scientific standards to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.
Complement C5 is a protein that plays a crucial role in the complement system, which is a part of the immune system that helps to eliminate pathogens and damaged cells from the body. The complement system is a complex series of biochemical reactions that help to identify and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses.
Complement C5 is one of several proteins in the complement system that are activated in a cascading manner in response to an activating event, such as the binding of an antibody to a pathogen. Once activated, Complement C5 can be cleaved into two smaller proteins, C5a and C5b.
C5a is a powerful anaphylatoxin, which means it can cause the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, leading to inflammation and increased vascular permeability. It also acts as a chemoattractant, drawing immune cells to the site of infection or injury.
C5b, on the other hand, plays a role in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which is a protein structure that can punch holes in the membranes of pathogens, leading to their lysis and destruction.
Overall, Complement C5 is an important component of the immune system's response to infection and injury, helping to eliminate pathogens and damaged cells from the body.
The spleen is an organ in the upper left side of the abdomen, next to the stomach and behind the ribs. It plays multiple supporting roles in the body:
1. It fights infection by acting as a filter for the blood. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there.
2. The spleen also helps to control the amount of blood in the body by removing excess red blood cells and storing platelets.
3. It has an important role in immune function, producing antibodies and removing microorganisms and damaged red blood cells from the bloodstream.
The spleen can be removed without causing any significant problems, as other organs take over its functions. This is known as a splenectomy and may be necessary if the spleen is damaged or diseased.
Collagen Type II is a specific type of collagen that is a major component of the extracellular matrix in articular cartilage, which is the connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of bones in joints. It is also found in other tissues such as the vitreous humor of the eye and the inner ear.
Collagen Type II is a triple helix molecule composed of three polypeptide chains that contain a high proportion of the amino acids proline and hydroxyproline. This type of collagen provides structural support and elasticity to tissues, and it also plays a role in the regulation of cell behavior and signaling.
Collagen Type II is a target for autoimmune responses in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own collagen, leading to joint inflammation and damage. It is also a common component of various dietary supplements and therapies used to support joint health and treat osteoarthritis.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Leukemia L5178" is not a recognized medical term or classification for leukemia. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations have established specific classifications for different types of leukemias based on factors such as cell type, genetic mutations, and other characteristics. However, "L5178" does not appear in these classifications.
It's possible that "L5178" might refer to a specific research cell line used in scientific studies, but without more context, it's difficult to provide a precise definition. If you have more information about where you encountered this term, I may be able to provide a more accurate response.
Mouse Models of Human Cancer database
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis
Pregnanolone (disambiguation)
F4N
Laboratory mouse
Diet-induced obesity model
Jeffrey Mogil
Abbie Lathrop
Inbred strain
Murine respirovirus
List of MeSH codes (B01)
Model organism
C. C. Little
Water maze (neuroscience)
Mongolian gerbil
Endocrine disruptor
Mice, Inbred DBA | Profiles RNS
DBA/2 inbred mice: DBA/2JRccHsd
Impaired apoptosis, extended duration of immune responses, and a lupus-like autoimmune disease in IEX-1-transgenic mice
MPD: Mouse strain: DBA/2HaSmnJ
Animal Specific Training: Mice - FAA USA Animal Care Program
Biblio | Page 2 | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University
Biblio | Page 2 | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University
Edward Stuart Brodkin | Faculty | Department of Psychiatry | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis - Wikipedia
Pre-Clinical Unit | Cadila Pharmaceuticals
A transgenic mouse model of autoi... | Archive ouverte UNIGE
Anln MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:1920174 - anillin, actin binding protein
Anaplasma phagocytophilum in White-tailed Deer - Volume 11, Number 10-October 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Acrylonitrile (EHC 28, 1983)
The Intestinal Microbiota Determines Mouse Behavior and Brain BDNF Levels | Request PDF
Radial Arm Maze: The Basics | Noldus
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
M TLR5 Antibody - Cat. No. 58-162 | ProSci
Janis Racevskis - Grants - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Neurogenetics at UT Health Science Center
Weighting by heritability for detection of quantitative trait loci with microarray estimates of gene expression | Genome...
In vivo activity of lymphokine-activated macrophages in host defense against neoplasia<...
Grillo, S. L.<...
Frequencies of mitogen-reactive B cells in the mouse. I. Distribution in different lymphoid organs from different inbred...
History Timeline of The Jackson Laboratory
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering - Works - Citation Index - NCSU Libraries
Dong-Young Ryu - Citation Index - NCSU Libraries
C57BL10
- Common inbred strains include BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6 and DBA. (uwm.edu)
- In 1921, C57BL became one of the most widely used mice in genetics and was the first strain to have its genome sequenced. (wikipedia.org)
- The C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains of mice exhibit an age-related hearing loss (AHL) due to a recessive gene (Ahl) that maps to Chromosome 10. (cdc.gov)
- Inbred strains of mice can be classified into 3 categories according to their resistance to infection with S.typhimurium: susceptible (BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/He), intermediate (DBA/2, C75L) and resistant (A, CBA). (prosci-inc.com)
- Using a pair of black mice from the Granby farm, Little develops the C57BL and C57BR strains. (jax.org)
- For instance, C57BL/6J mice are resistant to hepatic, renal and cardiac fibrosis but susceptible to pulmonary and intestinal fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- METHODS: We performed cardiac gene expression, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and cardiac function analysis in 40 strains of BXD recombinant inbred mice derived from C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) strains. (bvsalud.org)
- C57BL/6 (B6), C57BL/10 (B10), and SJL mice showed markedly suppressed secondary anti-DNP responses when infected. (uky.edu)
- Reproductive performance consisting of mean litter size, number of pups that wean (wean: born ratio) and mean reproductive index of three inbred mice strains, which are BALB/cMlac, C57BL/6Mlac and DBA/2Mlac, were investigated to provide some basic information on the breeding and maintaining of a foundation colony. (mahidol.ac.th)
- We analyzed ~100X wholegenome sequence data for the DBA/2J strain, relative to C57BL/6J, the reference strain for all mouse genomics and the mother of the BXD family. (uthsc.edu)
BALB11
- Balb/C, C3H, DBA/2) are also highly susceptible to infection ( 1 , 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- Thus, the identification of innate and extrinsic factors that influence the ability to develop tolerance is a significant issue among inbred strains of mice, the BALB/cByJ (CBy) strain exhibits greater pulmonary tolerance to PMN and protein levels in lavage fluid than DBA/2J (D2) following 5 successive exposures (5X) to 10 mg/m3 ZnO. (cdc.gov)
- and CBA and A/J. Very similar frequencies are found for lipoprotein-reactive B cells in BALB/c, BALB/c ν/ν, C3H/Tif, and C3H/HeJ mice. (silverchair.com)
- Halsey Bagg develops the BALB /c ( Bagg albino) mouse for behavioral experiments. (jax.org)
- In a syngeneic, bilateral established subcutaneous tumor model, with mouse CT26 colorectal carcinoma cells in BALB/c mice or M3 melanoma cells in DBA/2 mice, unilateral intratumoral inoculation with G207 caused a significant reduction in the growth of both the inoculated and contralateral noninoculated tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
- This elicited anti-tumor response is dependent on viral infection of the tumor, as intradermal inoculation of G207 in BALB/c mice had no effect on CT26 tumor growth. (elsevierpure.com)
- However, BALB/c mice are resistant to pulmonary fibrosis but susceptible to hepatic fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- In contrast, the suppression did not occur in BALB/c mice. (uky.edu)
- However, in BALB/c mice, the responses were not affected even by inoculation with 1 × 10 4 organisms. (uky.edu)
- The difference in the suppressive effect of infection between B6 and BALB/c mice was also observed in the primary anti-DNP antibody responses to DNP-KLH. (uky.edu)
- Both H-2-linked and -nonlinked genes appeared to be responsible for the regulation of the immunosuppression, since the suppressive effect of infection in B10.D2 mice, which have the B10 background and the same H-2 haplotype as BALB/c, was weaker than that of B10 mice, but stronger than in BALB/c mice. (uky.edu)
Recombinant inbred mouse2
- We combine the largest human GWAS of brain structure with the largest mammalian model system, the BXD recombinant inbred mouse population, to identify novel genetic targets influencing brain structure variation that are linked to increased risk for neurological disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using two independent AKR/J-derived sets of recombinant inbred mouse strains, AKXL (AKR/J x C57L/J) and AKXD (AKR/J x DBA/2J), as well as the HP/EiTy strain (an Emv-13-carrying inbred strain partially related to AKR/J mice) (Taylor et al. (jax.org)
Strains with different2
- There is mounting evidence suggesting that inbred mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds demonstrate variable susceptibility to a fibrotic injury. (biomedcentral.com)
- We measured Tas1r3 gene expression, transcript size, and T1R3 immunoreactivity in the taste tissue of two inbred mouse strains with different Tas1r3 haplotypes and saccharin preferences. (lvhn.org)
Humans7
- Kallikrein genes are associated with lupus and glomerular basement membrane-specific antibody-induced nephritis in mice and humans. (ouhsc.edu)
- There are close similarities of physiology, development and cell biology between mice and humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Humans and mice both have around 30,000 protein-coding genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Such mouse strain studies may prove useful in elucidating the genetic as well as epigenetic factors in humans that could help determine why some people are more susceptible to the development of certain organ specific fibrosis than others. (biomedcentral.com)
- Combining data from mice and humans overcomes some of these problems, gaining power from mouse crosses and precision from human GWAS. (biomedcentral.com)
- Further, this approach illustrates that the homologous mouse gene is relevant to the human phenotype, as well as the significance of experimental research in model systems that would not be possible in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
- Some viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice, are initially controlled by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but may subsequently escape through mutation of the relevant T-cell epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
Genetic12
- One naturally occurring genetic defect in mice results in an animal with no hair that is called a nude. (uwm.edu)
- Mammary cancers in mice can be caused by genetic mutations that have been identified in human cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise -induced hearing loss in mice. (cdc.gov)
- Note to the Reader Please cite this work as: Williams RW, Gu J, Qi S, Lu L (2001) The genetic structure of recombinant inbred mice: High-resolution consensus maps for complex trait analysis. (nervenet.org)
- Peter Gorer shows in mouse studies at JAX that transplant rejection is primarily governed by what he calls the H2 genetic locus, later described as the major histocompatibility complex, a key component of immunity. (jax.org)
- The generation of a library of PCR-analyzed microsatellite variants for genetic mapping of the mouse genome. (ox.ac.uk)
- Mice are also easy to breed with a short generation time and a short life span allowing direct study of disease development and can accurately eludicidate how genetic sequences may vary in different strains and result in susceptibility to fibrotic pathologies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis is a common genetic approach that has been used in the past two decades to identify loci involved in differences in fibrotic response between inbred strains of mice [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition, mapping studies in mouse model systems have identified genetic variants for brain structure variation with great power. (biomedcentral.com)
- We first use a novel cross-species, comparative analysis using mouse and human genetic data to identify a candidate gene, MGST3, associated with adult hippocampus size in both systems. (biomedcentral.com)
- Prior efforts to identify genetic variants underlying differences in brain structure have used large data sets in human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or extensive mapping populations in mouse model systems. (biomedcentral.com)
- To evaluate this new reverse genetic method we resequenced the genome of one of the oldest inbred strains of mice-DBA/2J-the father of the large family of BXD recombinant inbred strains. (uthsc.edu)
Dilute2
- In 1909, Clarence C. Little developed the first inbred strain, the DBA (Dilute, brown non-Agouti) mouse. (wikipedia.org)
- Clarence Cook Little begins to develop the first inbred strain, designated DBA for dilute, brown, and non-agouti. (jax.org)
Strain of mouse3
- An inbred strain of mouse. (ouhsc.edu)
- A lesion to the commonly known location of memory function, the hippocampus [5], causes significant deficits in performance in either the C57 strain or the DBA strain of mouse. (noldus.com)
- Data were collected from studies that were deemed eligible for analysis based on set inclusion criteria, and findings were assessed in relation to strain of mouse, type of injury and organ of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
SCID5
- In contrast, AP-Variant 1 does not infect the white-footed mouse, DBA/2, and severely immunocompromised (SCID) mice ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
- The role of the B cells in the adoptive transfer of collagen-induced arthritis from DBA/1 (H-2q) to SCID (H-2d) mice. (ox.ac.uk)
- Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) can be transferred from DBA/1 to SCID mice when native type II collagen (CII) is administered together with spleen cells, arthritis appearing some 14 days after cell transfer. (ox.ac.uk)
- A key role of B cells in this model appears to be the production of a humoral arthritogenic factor since arthritis can be successfully transferred to SCID mice by CIA rat serum administered together with a B cell-depleted splenocyte population consisting of T cells and donor-histocompatible antigen-presenting cells. (ox.ac.uk)
- The finding that arthritis can be generated in SCID recipients of CIA rat serum together with splenocytes from non-arthritic DBA/1 mice immunized with denatured CII supports the hypothesis that T cells with specificity for denatured joint components perpetuate disease initiated by humoral factors. (ox.ac.uk)
Mammary tumor2
- Breast cancer metastatic mouse models are experimental approaches in which mice are genetically manipulated to develop a mammary tumor leading to distant focal lesions of mammary epithelium created by metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1982, the stimulation of expression from the MMTV-LTR (Mouse mammary tumor virus-Long terminal repeat) was done by multiple rounds of pregnancy and lactation to evaluate the relevance of a cellular proto-oncogene, c-myc. (wikipedia.org)
Phenotypes3
- The file contains all strain survey measured phenotypes where DBA/2HaSmnJ was tested, along with measured means and summary statistics. (jax.org)
- Prenatal immune activation interacted with mhDISC1 to produce the neurobehavioral phenotypes that were not seen in untreated mhDISC1 mice and that resemble aspects of major mental illnesses. (researchgate.net)
- To date, the Mouse Genome Database through The Jackson Laboratory, lists 24 QTL in mice associated with fibrosis of which all but 3 are phenotypes in the lung. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells12
- The metastatic potential of sub populations within mouse mammary cells is now considered as relatively an early event and dissemination occurs at the same time of pre invasive or micro-invasive lesions. (wikipedia.org)
- Targeted expression of oncogenes in mouse mammary epithelial cells is a way of modeling human breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Subcutaneous injection of 1 x 10 6 P815 cells into DBA/2J led to progressive tumor growth and death of 100% of the recipients after 27 ± 3 days. (wustl.edu)
- Frequencies of mitogen-reactive B cells in the mouse. (silverchair.com)
- No LPS-reactive cells but normal frequencies of lipoprotein-reactive cells were found in C3H/HeJ mice, genetically nonreactive to LPS. (silverchair.com)
- SJL mice had significantly lower frequencies of LPS- and of lipoprotein-reactive B cells (1 in approximately 30 B cells). (silverchair.com)
- The number of LPS- and of lipoprotein-reactive B cells in spleen was dependent upon the age of the mouse. (silverchair.com)
- LPS-reactive B cells yielding IgM- and IgG-PFC responses could be found in mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, thoracic duct, and peripheral blood of 6- to 8-wk old mice. (silverchair.com)
- The strain is now valued as a source of embryonic stem cells for making knockout mice. (jax.org)
- The suppressive effect of Toxoplasma infection on initiation of memory cells to dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) was drastically different among inbred strains of mice. (uky.edu)
- In B6 mice, an injection with 1 × 10 2 organisms of T. gondii induced a suppressed elicitation of the memory cells to DNP-KLH. (uky.edu)
- Such increased disease activity in IDO-deficient mice correlated early with increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-17 by lymph node T cells and later with increased infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in the inflamed joints. (ox.ac.uk)
Arthritic2
- Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin--1beta, are abundantly expressed in the arthritic joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis and, as in human rheumatoid arthritis, blockade of these molecules is effective in reducing the severity of disease. (ox.ac.uk)
- However, protein G-purified IgG from CIA rat serum together with splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice does not transfer arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
Susceptibility3
- Interestingly, the toll-like receptor 4 gene (Tlr4) has been shown to be a strong candidate susceptibility gene for ozone -induced increases in the BAL protein phenotype in inbred mice. (cdc.gov)
- There is evidence that mouse strain differences influence susceptibility to fibrosis and this appears to be organ specific. (biomedcentral.com)
- The majority of genomic studies used to identify susceptibility pathways involved in disease pathologies have been performed in the mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
Rats5
- Timed mated rats and mice are determined by observation of a vaginal plug. (inotivco.com)
- For models fulfilled from Envigo Affiliates in Europe, the last stage of gestation for mice is over 17 days and for rats is over 18 days, each at shipping. (inotivco.com)
- To avoid charges, cancellations for timed mated rats, mice, guinea pigs, and hamsters must be received one week prior to mating date, however, cancelled orders for timed mated rabbits will be charged at full price regardless of the amount of notice supplied. (inotivco.com)
- If customer's research project requires such litters, Envigo recommends ordering timed mated pregnant rats and mice which can litter at customer's facility. (inotivco.com)
- Rodents (mice or rats) are placed in the center compartment and allowed to explore the arms in search of this reward. (noldus.com)
Genetics2
- The Jackson Laboratory has made fundamental contributions to biomedical research, including cancer genetics and establishing the mouse as the premier research animal model. (jax.org)
- Mice provide a suitable model for the study of human genetics because more than 95% of the genome is identical. (biomedcentral.com)
Arthritis6
- Specific substrains are used in a variety of areas of BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH such as DBA/1J, which is used as a model for RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. (ouhsc.edu)
- To provide a more profound understanding of arthritis-associated angiogenesis, we evaluated the expression of angiogenesis-modulating genes at onset, peak and declining phases of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a well-established mouse model for RA. (ox.ac.uk)
- The effect of IDO deficiency on collagen-induced arthritis was assessed in vivo by administration of 1-methyltryptophan and clinical and histologic evaluation of IDO-deficient mice. (ox.ac.uk)
- Furthermore, IDO-deficient mice showed a higher incidence of arthritis and exacerbated disease severity compared with IDO-competent mice. (ox.ac.uk)
- Collagen-induced arthritis in mice. (ox.ac.uk)
- Collagen-induced arthritis in mice has been widely used to address questions of disease pathogenesis and to validate therapeutic targets for human rheumatoid arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
Oncogenes1
- In 1982, Palmiter and Brinster implanted a foreign gene into fertilized egg, finally generating the first transgenic mice genetically engineered to express dominant oncogenes. (wikipedia.org)
Phenotype1
- A genome-wide screen using 298 F2 mice (CByD2FlxCByD2FI) that were phenotyped for the development of pulmonary tolerance following 5X ZnO exposure identified a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the BAL protein phenotype on chromosome 1. (cdc.gov)
Albino1
- In 1915, N.M Haldane identified first linkage in mouse between Albino mice and pink eye dilution on chromosome seven. (wikipedia.org)
Genomics1
- Genetical genomics is further enhanced by using recombinant inbred lines as a mapping population. (biomedcentral.com)
Transgenic mice2
- To address this question, we have generated transgenic mice expressing only the H chain gene or both H and L chain genes of the 6-19 IgG3 anti-IgG2a RF and determined the development of glomerular and vascular lesions. (unige.ch)
- H-single and H/L-double transgenic mice displayed comparable high amounts of IgG3 cryoglobulins, but only H/L-double transgenic mice having 10-fold higher levels of IgG3 anti-IgG2a RF progressively developed chronic, lethal glomerulonephritis. (unige.ch)
Rodents1
- Plastic restraint devices can be used to hold mice and other rodents for longer periods of time. (uwm.edu)
Initially1
- Initially sought as pets, the Granby mice become important in research. (jax.org)
Genetically1
- In addition, recombinant inbred lines can provide both replicates from genetically identical individuals and samples from different segregants. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumors2
- Purified splenic macrophage (Mφ) from normal DBA/2J mice and mice bearing P815 tumors were examined for responsiveness to lymphokine (LK) preparations containing high concentrations of IFN-γ. (wustl.edu)
- Lathrop sends mice that developed tumors to Leo Loeb at the University of Pennsylvania , who publishes pioneering papers on cancer. (jax.org)
Genome1
- This approach is a useful way of generating the large number of variants that are needed to create high resolution maps of the mouse genome. (ox.ac.uk)
Susceptible1
- The B6xD2.F(1) hybrid mice (Ahl/Ahl) are more susceptible to NIHL than the CBxB6.F(1) mice (+/Ahl) [Erway et al. (cdc.gov)
Jackson Laboratory1
- The DBA/2JRccHsd mice originate from Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine and were moved in 1974 to RCC Ltd. (formerly Ibm and BRL) in Füllinsdorf, Switzerland. (inotivco.com)
Tissue1
- Tissue content of monoamines, volumetric brain abnormalities, dendritic spine density in the hippocampus, and various domains of the mouse behavior repertoire were evaluated in adult male mice. (researchgate.net)
Collagen2
Male1
- Previously, a low incidence of mild hydronephrosis was observed mostly in male mice and found only on the right kidney. (mahidol.ac.th)
Liver1
- A total of 44 studies were included covering 21 mouse strains and focusing on fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney, intestine and heart. (biomedcentral.com)
Loci3
- Recombinant inbred (RI) strains have been used to map a wide range of Mendelian loci and quantitative traits (Taylor, 1989). (nervenet.org)
- Quantitative trait loci analysis can be time consuming and can only analyse two different mouse strains at a time. (biomedcentral.com)
- All AKR/J mice carry at least three endogenous ecotropic viral loci which have been designated Emv-11 (Akv-1), Emv-13 (Akv-3), and Emv-14 (Akv-4) (Jenkins et al. (jax.org)
Heritability1
- The use of recombinant inbred lines allows an estimate of the heritability of expression measured by individual probes. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes1
- 1939 International Committee on Standardized Nomenclature for Mice begins, bringing order to the naming of mice and their genes. (jax.org)
Variation3
- Recently, RI strains have also been used to map QTLs that that are responsible for biometric variation in the architecture of the mouse CNS (Belknap et al. (nervenet.org)
- and 53% showed variation between inbred strains. (ox.ac.uk)
- We generated the most detailed picture of molecular variation between the two mouse strains to date and identified 5.4 million sequence polymorphisms, including, 4.46 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 0.94 million intersections/deletions (indels), and 20,000 structural variants. (uthsc.edu)
Generations2
- Inbred strains are the result of at least 20 generations of brother-sister mating. (uwm.edu)
- After inbreeding for 20 generations, a surprisingly high incidence of hydronephrosis was encountered and we finally obtained a strain of mice with a very high incidence of severe hydronephrosis affected on both sides of kidney and in both sexes as the process of inbreeding has been increased. (mahidol.ac.th)
Lesions1
- However, lesions to the amygdala and frontal cortex caused deleterious effects on performance only in the C57 strain, indicating that perhaps the enhanced learning seen in these mice is due to participation from these brain regions in addition to the normally recruited hippocampal activity. (noldus.com)
Mammalian1
- Three mammalian species are reservoir competent: the white-footed mouse ( Peromyscus leucopus ), raccoon ( Procyon lotor ), and gray squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ), although serologic and molecular evidence has suggested that numerous other small, medium, and large mammals may also be reservoirs ( 1 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
MeSH1
- Mice, Inbred DBA" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
Studies2
Model5
- Retinal ganglion cell protection by 17-beta-estradiol in a mouse model of inherited glaucoma. (ouhsc.edu)
- 2020. A mouse model for vitamin D-induced human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression. . (oregonstate.edu)
- Mice may not be an ideal model for breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- A transgenic mouse model of autoi. (unige.ch)
- Our DISC1 mouse model is a valuable system to study GEI relevant to mental illnesses. (researchgate.net)
Sequences1
- Forty-three sequences containing simple sequence repeats or microsatellites were generated from an M13 library of total genomic mouse DNA. (ox.ac.uk)
Endogenous4
- expression of mhDISC1, endogenous DISC1, lissencephaly type 1, nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1, glycoprotein 130, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta were assessed in cortical samples of newborn mice. (researchgate.net)
- Prenatal interaction modulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines in fetal brains, levels of mhDISC1, endogenous mouse DISC1, and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. (researchgate.net)
- Emv-13 (Akv-3): a noninducible endogenous ecotropic provirus of AKR/J mice. (jax.org)
- Bedigian HG, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Salvatore K, Rodick S. Emv-13 (Akv-3): a noninducible endogenous ecotropic provirus of AKR/J mice. (jax.org)
Disease severity1
- Importantly, therapeutic administration of anti-NRP1B antibody significantly reduced disease severity and progression in CIA mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Gestation2
- Mice have relatively short gestation periods. (wikipedia.org)
- Pregnant mice were treated with saline or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid at gestation day 9. (researchgate.net)
Antibody1
- This Mouse TLR5 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 71-102 amino acids from the N-terminal region of mouse TLR5. (prosci-inc.com)
Litter1
- Mice have large litter sizes. (wikipedia.org)
Hippocampus1
- For instance, when comparing the inbred strains C57 and DBA, researchers discovered that dependence on either the hippocampus, amygdala or frontal cortex are differentially important between the strains [4]. (noldus.com)
Responses4
- The investment in training should be outweighed by the benefits observed with more reliable behavioral and physiological responses in the mice. (uwm.edu)
- Macrophage-mediated suppression of immune responses in Toxoplasma-infected mice. (uky.edu)
- The infected DBA/2 and C3H/He mice produced moderately suppressed responses. (uky.edu)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Macrophage-mediated suppression of immune responses in Toxoplasma-infected mice. (uky.edu)
Variant3
- Thirty-seven percent were variant between B6/J and DBA/2J, and 81% of these were resolved using minigel agarose electrophoresis alone. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here we report that mice primed with LCMV-WE strain respond to a subsequent infection by WE-derived CTL epitope variants with a CTL response directed against the initial epitope rather than against the new variant epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
- Next, each of these eight variant sites were genotyped in 24 additional mouse strains. (lvhn.org)
Variants1
- The goal of this study was to identify Tas1r3 sequence variants associated with saccharin preference in a large number of inbred mouse strains. (lvhn.org)
Mapping1
- The present study demonstrates segregation for the putative Ahl gene and mapping of such a gene to Chromosome 10, consistent with other independent mapping of Ahl for AHL in 10 strains of mice [Johnson et al. (cdc.gov)
