Solid Phase Microextraction
Volatile Organic Compounds
Phyllachorales
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Chromatography, Gas
Volatilization
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
Rheiformes
Dimethylpolysiloxanes
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Chemical Fractionation
Water
Apatites
Pesticide Residues
Coca
Molecular Imprinting
The uptake of PLGA micro or nanoparticles by macrophages provokes distinct in vitro inflammatory response. (1/23)
(+info)Identification of dimethoate-containing water using partitioned dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with near-infrared spectroscopy. (2/23)
A simple, rapid and efficient extraction procedure, partitioned dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, has been developed in combination with near-infrared spectroscopy for the extraction and discrimination of dimethoate from aqueous samples. For this technique, the appropriate mixture of extraction solvent (CCl(4)) and disperser solvent (THF) was utilized. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was applied to build the model with several pre-process methods over the wavenumber regions between 7100 cm(-1) to 7300 cm(-1). The best model gave satisfactory classification accuracy, 98.6% for calibration set (n=74) and 97.6% for prediction set (n=42), using preprocessing of standard normal variate followed by Savitzky-Golay first derivative. The method was successfully applied to bottled water, tap water, lake water and farm water samples. The results demonstrated the possibility of near-infrared spectroscopy after partitioned dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the identification of water contaminated by dimethoate. (+info)Rapid and sensitive determination of benzaldehyde arising from benzyl alcohol used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography. (3/23)
A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of benzaldehyde, a toxic oxidation product of the widely used preservative and co-solvent benzyl alcohol in injectable formulations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac, vitamin B-complex and Voltaren injection solutions by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography. This method involves the use of an appropriate mixture of extraction solvent (43.0 microL 1,2-dichloroethane) and disperser solvent (1.0 mL acetonitrile) for the formation of a cloudy solution in a 5.0-mL aqueous sample containing benzaldehyde. The linear range was 1.0-1000 microg L(-1), and the limit of detection was 0.2 microg L(-1) for benzaldehyde. (+info)Reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with multivariate optimization for sensitive HPLC determination of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol in olive oil. (4/23)
A reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) method coupled to HPLC was developed for the extraction of hydroxytyrosol (HTy) and tyrosol (Ty) from virgin olive oil. In this first application of the RP-DLLME method to non-polar samples, the phenolic compounds were directly extracted into an aqueous micro-drop, which could be injected into a chromatography column without any further pretreatment. A glass test tube with lengthened conical bottom was fitted inside a centrifuge tube in this work for more efficient withdrawal of the sedimented phase with a microsyringe. The volumes of water and ethyl acetate, the pH of water and the centrifuge time as four effective parameters on the extraction were optimized by a central composite design (response surface) method. Five replicated analyses under the optimized conditions (i.e., 0.2 mL ethyl acetate as disperser and 100 microL water at pH 11 as the extraction solvent) resulted in recoveries of 104.3 and 97.6%, and relative standard deviations of 5.75 and 4.57 for HTy and Ty, respectively. The detection limit of the method (3sigma) was 0.043 mg L(-1) for HTy and 0.032 mg L(-1) for Ty. The method was successfully applied to the determination of HTy and Ty in five olive oil samples. (+info)Multiresidue determination of pesticides in industrial and fresh orange juice by hollow fiber microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction and detection by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. (5/23)
(+info)Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in soil by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography. (6/23)
(+info)An improved ionic liquid-based headspace single-drop microextraction-liquid chromatography method for the analysis of camphor and trans-anethole in compound liquorice tablets. (7/23)
(+info)Enrichment and determination of trace estradiol in environmental water samples by hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction prior to HPLC. (8/23)
(+info)Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an advanced technique used in analytical chemistry for the preparation and extraction of samples. It's not exclusively a medical term, but it does have applications in clinical and medical research. Here's a definition:
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sample preparation technique that integrates sampling, extraction, concentration, and cleanup into a single step. It involves the use of a fused-silica fiber, which is coated with a thin layer of a stationary phase, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polyacrylate. This fiber is exposed to the sample matrix, allowing the analytes (compounds of interest) to be adsorbed or absorbed onto the coating. After the extraction step, the fiber is then inserted into a gas chromatograph or high-performance liquid chromatograph for analysis. SPME is widely used in various fields, including environmental monitoring, food analysis, and biomedical research, due to its simplicity, rapidity, and low cost. In the medical field, it can be applied for the analysis of drugs, metabolites, or other compounds in biological samples such as blood, urine, or tissue.
Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is a sample preparation technique used in analytical chemistry and clinical laboratory medicine. It is a miniaturized version of traditional liquid-liquid extraction, which involves the separation of analytes from a sample matrix based on their partitioning between two immiscible liquids.
In LPME, a small volume (microliters to nanoliters) of an organic extractant phase is placed in a micro-syringe or contained within a porous membrane or hollow fiber. This extractant phase is then introduced into a larger sample solution, where analytes partition from the aqueous sample matrix into the organic phase due to their higher solubility in the organic solvent. After equilibrium has been reached, the extractant phase is withdrawn and analyzed for the presence of the target analytes using various analytical techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), or mass spectrometry (MS).
LPME offers several advantages over traditional liquid-liquid extraction, including reduced solvent consumption, lower cost, shorter analysis time, and higher enrichment factors. It is commonly used for the preconcentration and cleanup of environmental, biological, and clinical samples prior to analysis.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that have a low boiling point and easily evaporate at room temperature. They can be liquids or solids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and formaldehyde, which are found in many household products, including paints, paint strippers, and other solvents; cleaning supplies; pesticides; building materials and furnishings; office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper; and glues and adhesives.
VOCs can cause both short- and long-term health effects. Short-term exposure to high levels of VOCs can cause headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances, and memory problems. Long-term exposure can cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Some VOCs are also suspected or known carcinogens.
It is important to properly use, store, and dispose of products that contain VOCs to minimize exposure. Increasing ventilation by opening windows and doors or using fans can also help reduce exposure to VOCs.
Phyllachorales is an order of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. It includes mostly plant pathogenic species that form dark, raised, pustule-like structures on the surface of leaves and stems. These structures, called stromata, contain the reproductive structures (asci and ascospores) of the fungi. The ascospores are forcibly discharged from the ascus and can infect other parts of the host plant or be dispersed to new hosts. Some members of Phyllachorales also produce asexual spores called conidia.
Phyllachorales includes several families, such as Phyllachoraceae, Schizoparmaceae, and Melanconiellaceae, with over 100 genera and more than 1,000 species. Many of the species in this order are important plant pathogens that can cause significant crop losses. For example, species in the genus Phyllachora can cause leaf spots and anthracnose on a wide range of plants, including coffee, cocoa, and citrus.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique that combines the separating power of gas chromatography with the identification capabilities of mass spectrometry. This method is used to separate, identify, and quantify different components in complex mixtures.
In GC-MS, the mixture is first vaporized and carried through a long, narrow column by an inert gas (carrier gas). The various components in the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase inside the column, leading to their separation based on their partition coefficients between the mobile and stationary phases. As each component elutes from the column, it is then introduced into the mass spectrometer for analysis.
The mass spectrometer ionizes the sample, breaks it down into smaller fragments, and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of these fragments. This information is used to generate a mass spectrum, which serves as a unique "fingerprint" for each compound. By comparing the generated mass spectra with reference libraries or known standards, analysts can identify and quantify the components present in the original mixture.
GC-MS has wide applications in various fields such as forensics, environmental analysis, drug testing, and research laboratories due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to analyze volatile and semi-volatile compounds.
Chromatography, gas (GC) is a type of chromatographic technique used to separate, identify, and analyze volatile compounds or vapors. In this method, the sample mixture is vaporized and carried through a column packed with a stationary phase by an inert gas (carrier gas). The components of the mixture get separated based on their partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases due to differences in their adsorption/desorption rates or solubility.
The separated components elute at different times, depending on their interaction with the stationary phase, which can be detected and quantified by various detection systems like flame ionization detector (FID), thermal conductivity detector (TCD), electron capture detector (ECD), or mass spectrometer (MS). Gas chromatography is widely used in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, environmental science, forensics, and food analysis.
Volatilization, in the context of pharmacology and medicine, refers to the process by which a substance (usually a medication or drug) transforms into a vapor state at room temperature or upon heating. This change in physical state allows the substance to evaporate and be transferred into the air, potentially leading to inhalation exposure.
In some medical applications, volatilization is used intentionally, such as with essential oils for aromatherapy or topical treatments that utilize a vapor action. However, it can also pose concerns when volatile substances are unintentionally released into the air, potentially leading to indoor air quality issues or exposure risks.
It's important to note that in clinical settings, volatilization is not typically used as a route of administration for medications, as other methods such as oral, intravenous, or inhalation via nebulizers are more common and controlled.
A phase transition in the context of medicine and physiology often refers to the transformation of a substance or matter from one state to another within the body, typically in relation to temperature or pressure changes. However, I couldn't find a widely accepted medical definition for "phase transition."
In physics and chemistry, a phase transition is a process where a thermodynamic system changes from one phase or state of matter to another, such as:
1. Solid to liquid (melting)
2. Liquid to gas (vaporization)
3. Gas to liquid (condensation)
4. Solid to gas (sublimation)
5. Changes between different crystalline structures of the same substance (polymorphic phase transitions)
While not a direct medical definition, these concepts are relevant in various biochemical and physiological processes, such as protein folding, cell membrane fluidity, and temperature regulation in the body.
Analytical chemistry techniques are a collection of methods and tools used to identify and quantify the chemical composition of matter. These techniques can be used to analyze the presence and amount of various chemicals in a sample, including ions, molecules, and atoms. Some common analytical chemistry techniques include:
1. Spectroscopy: This technique uses the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter to identify and quantify chemical species. There are many different types of spectroscopy, including UV-Vis, infrared (IR), fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
2. Chromatography: This technique separates the components of a mixture based on their physical or chemical properties, such as size, charge, or polarity. Common types of chromatography include gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
3. Mass spectrometry: This technique uses the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify chemical species. It can be used in combination with other techniques, such as GC or LC, to provide structural information about unknown compounds.
4. Electrochemical methods: These techniques use the movement of electrons to measure the concentration of chemical species. Examples include potentiometry, voltammetry, and amperometry.
5. Thermal analysis: This technique uses changes in the physical or chemical properties of a sample as it is heated or cooled to identify and quantify chemical species. Examples include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
These are just a few examples of the many analytical chemistry techniques that are available. Each technique has its own strengths and limitations, and the choice of which to use will depend on the specific needs of the analysis.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rheiformes" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in zoology, specifically an order that includes only one family, Rheidae, and two living species, both commonly known as rheas. They are large flightless birds native to South America, similar to ostriches and emus.
Dimethylpolysiloxanes are a type of silicone-based compound that are often used as lubricants, coatings, and fluid ingredients in various industrial and consumer products. In medical terms, they can be found in some pharmaceutical and medical device formulations as inactive ingredients. They are typically included as anti-foaming agents or to improve the texture and consistency of a product.
Dimethylpolysiloxanes are made up of long chains of silicon and oxygen atoms, with methyl groups (CH3) attached to the silicon atoms. This gives them unique properties such as low toxicity, thermal stability, and resistance to oxidation and water absorption. However, some people may have allergic reactions or sensitivities to dimethylpolysiloxanes, so they should be used with caution in medical applications.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a type of chromatography that separates and analyzes compounds based on their interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile phase under high pressure. The mobile phase, which can be a gas or liquid, carries the sample mixture through a column containing the stationary phase.
In HPLC, the mobile phase is a liquid, and it is pumped through the column at high pressures (up to several hundred atmospheres) to achieve faster separation times and better resolution than other types of liquid chromatography. The stationary phase can be a solid or a liquid supported on a solid, and it interacts differently with each component in the sample mixture, causing them to separate as they travel through the column.
HPLC is widely used in analytical chemistry, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and other fields to separate, identify, and quantify compounds present in complex mixtures. It can be used to analyze a wide range of substances, including drugs, hormones, vitamins, pigments, flavors, and pollutants. HPLC is also used in the preparation of pure samples for further study or use.
Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.
Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.
Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.
Chemical fractionation is a process used in analytical chemistry to separate and isolate individual components or fractions from a mixture based on their chemical properties. This technique typically involves the use of various chemical reactions, such as precipitation, extraction, or chromatography, to selectively interact with specific components in the mixture and purify them.
In the context of medical research or clinical analysis, chemical fractionation may be used to isolate and identify individual compounds in a complex biological sample, such as blood, urine, or tissue. For example, fractionating a urine sample might involve separating out various metabolites, proteins, or other molecules based on their solubility, charge, or other chemical properties, allowing researchers to study the individual components and their roles in health and disease.
It's worth noting that while chemical fractionation can be a powerful tool for analyzing complex mixtures, it can also be time-consuming and technically challenging, requiring specialized equipment and expertise to perform accurately and reliably.
Medical definitions of water generally describe it as a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for all forms of life. It is a universal solvent, making it an excellent medium for transporting nutrients and waste products within the body. Water constitutes about 50-70% of an individual's body weight, depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass.
In medical terms, water has several important functions in the human body:
1. Regulation of body temperature through perspiration and respiration.
2. Acting as a lubricant for joints and tissues.
3. Facilitating digestion by helping to break down food particles.
4. Transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
5. Helping to maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
6. Assisting in the regulation of various bodily functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate.
Dehydration can occur when an individual does not consume enough water or loses too much fluid due to illness, exercise, or other factors. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, primarily consisting of fluorapatite, chlorapatite, and hydroxylapatite. They are important constituents of rocks and bones, and they have a wide range of applications in various industries. In the context of medicine, apatites are most notable for their presence in human teeth and bones.
Hydroxylapatite is the primary mineral component of tooth enamel, making up about 97% of its weight. It provides strength and hardness to the enamel, enabling it to withstand the forces of biting and chewing. Fluorapatite, a related mineral that contains fluoride ions instead of hydroxyl ions, is also present in tooth enamel and helps to protect it from acid erosion caused by bacteria and dietary acids.
Chlorapatite has limited medical relevance but can be found in some pathological calcifications in the body.
In addition to their natural occurrence in teeth and bones, apatites have been synthesized for various medical applications, such as bone graft substitutes, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds. These synthetic apatites are biocompatible and can promote bone growth and regeneration, making them useful in dental and orthopedic procedures.
Pesticide residues refer to the remaining pesticide chemicals, including their metabolites and degradation products, that are present in or on food commodities or environmental samples after a pesticide application has ended. These residues can result from agricultural use, such as spraying crops to control pests, or from non-agricultural uses, like treating buildings for termite control.
Regulatory agencies establish maximum residue limits (MRLs) to ensure that the levels of pesticide residues in food and feed are below those that may pose a risk to human health. Monitoring programs are in place to check compliance with these MRLs, and enforcement actions can be taken if violations occur.
It's important to note that not all pesticide residues are harmful, as some pesticides degrade into harmless compounds over time or leave behind residues below levels of concern for human health. However, long-term exposure to even low levels of certain pesticide residues may still pose a risk and should be avoided when possible.
"Coca" is a medication and plant extract that comes from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which is native to South America. The active alkaloids in the leaves include cocaine and other related compounds. Coca leaves have been used for centuries by indigenous peoples in the Andean region for their mild stimulant effects and as a remedy for altitude sickness.
However, it's important to note that chewing coca leaves or using coca-based medications is not the same as using illicit forms of cocaine. The concentration of cocaine in coca leaves is relatively low, and traditional use does not typically lead to the severe psychological and physical effects associated with cocaine abuse.
In modern medicine, coca alkaloids are used in the form of purified cocaine for topical anesthesia in eye surgery and other medical procedures. However, the recreational use of cocaine is illegal and highly regulated due to its addictive properties and potential for harm.
Molecular imprinting is a technique used in the production of polymer-based materials that have specific recognition sites for target molecules. It is a type of nanotechnology that involves creating a molecular template within a polymer matrix during its synthesis. The template is introduced into the polymer solution, and when the polymer hardens or sets, it takes on the shape and size of the template. After the template is removed, the resulting material has binding sites that are complementary in shape, size, and chemical functionality to the target molecule. These materials can then be used for various applications such as sensors, separations, drug delivery systems, and diagnostics.
Liquid chromatography (LC) is a type of chromatography technique used to separate, identify, and quantify the components in a mixture. In this method, the sample mixture is dissolved in a liquid solvent (the mobile phase) and then passed through a stationary phase, which can be a solid or a liquid that is held in place by a solid support.
The components of the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase and the mobile phase, causing them to separate as they move through the system. The separated components are then detected and measured using various detection techniques, such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbance or mass spectrometry.
Liquid chromatography is widely used in many areas of science and medicine, including drug development, environmental analysis, food safety testing, and clinical diagnostics. It can be used to separate and analyze a wide range of compounds, from small molecules like drugs and metabolites to large biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids.
Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide (a chemical that kills mites). Its chemical formula is C5H12NO3PS. It works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system in both insects and mammals, including humans. This leads to an overstimulation of the nervous system, causing a variety of symptoms such as muscle twitching, tremors, convulsions, and eventually respiratory failure and death in severe cases.
Dimethoate is used to control a wide range of pests, including aphids, thrips, leafminers, and spider mites, on various crops such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, and ornamental plants. However, due to its toxicity to non-target organisms, including humans, it is important to use it with caution and follow all safety guidelines when handling and applying this chemical. It is also subject to regulations regarding its use and disposal in many countries.
Digital microfluidics
Oxytocin
Electromembrane extraction
Solar simulator
Histamine
Mebeverine
Jennifer S. Brodbelt
Stephen G. Weber
Solid-phase extraction
Janusz Pawliszyn
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Solid-phase microextraction
Nicotiana tabacum
Gas chromatography
Ethyl carbamate
Detection of fire accelerants
Electron ionization
2-Undecanone
Paul L. Edmiston
List of ASTM International standards (D5001-6000)
List of ASTM International standards (D6001-7000)
2-Methyl-1-butanol
Total intravenous anaesthesia
Dissolved gas analysis
Candy cap
Ambient ionization
Demining
Molecular imprinting
Nanoremediation
2-Ethylhexanol
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SPME7
- A method for determining the fraction of free-base nicotine (α fb ) in electronic cigarette liquids ("e-liquids") based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (h-SPME) is described. (nih.gov)
- Among the well-established solid-phase microextraction techniques such as SPME, 2 in-tube extractions 3 and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), 4 membrane-assisted extractions are included increasingly in drug analysis within pharmaceutical, 5,6 medical and environmental studies. (chromatographyonline.com)
- Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) is a sampling technique that uses a thin polymer fiber with a hydrophobic coating. (cdc.gov)
- The poly[pyrrole-C 6 MIm] + /SWNT films were prepared with reproducible thicknesses as well as thermal properties sufficient for high-temperature applications, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatographic analysis. (researcher-app.com)
- Caffeic, chicoric, rosmarinic, and ferulic acid were determined through the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, whereas the extraction and quantification of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). "Aroma 2" showed the highest fresh yield and photosynthetic rate together with the lowest nitrate content. (frontiersin.org)
- Therefore, the solid phase microextraction (SPME) method, which does not require an extraction solvent, was used a pretreatment approach and its applicability as an alternative to the conventional solvent extraction method was studied. (jeaht.org)
- 16. Pawliszyn J, Pawliszyn B, Pawliszyn M. Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME). (ac.ir)
High performance li6
- The enriched PQ and DQ in the SUPRAS phase were simultaneously analyzed by ion-pairing reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. (mdpi.com)
- Magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection method has been developed for the sensitive analysis of Anastrozole (ANA) and Letrozole (LET) in human urine samples. (cumhuriyet.edu.tr)
- Analysis of pesticides in environmental water samples by solid-phase micro-extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography. (research.com)
- The quinolizindine alkaloid compound, oxymatrine pesticide, was analysis in the river water samples collected from different agriculture areas in the Iraqi city of Kerbala and also in its formulation using developed reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. (koyauniversity.org)
- Optimization of dispersive liquid liquid microextraction of pyrethroid insecticides from aqueous samples for determination by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. (koyauniversity.org)
- Determination of oxymatrine and its active metabolite matrine in human plasma after administration of oxymatrine oral solution by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. (koyauniversity.org)
Ionic liquids5
- Hydrophilic media covered in this review comprise surfactants, polar organic solvents, deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, water-miscible polymers, and switchable solvents. (ua.pt)
- Different kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with different kinds of cations and anions were studied and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 4 mim]Cl) solution was selected as extractants. (scirp.org)
- Ionic liquids (ILs) are low melting point salts composed entirely of ions. (scirp.org)
- Lately, ionic liquids (ILs, by definition salts which have melting points less than 100°) emerged as promising and alternative green replacements for ordinary organic solvents [ 8 , 9 ], due to their chemical and thermal stabilities, negligible volatility, general non-flammability, and great dissolving ability for a wide variety of compounds [ 10 , 11 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
- Pyrrole was covalently bonded to 1-methyl and 1-benzylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) via an N-substituted alkyl linkage to prepare electropolymerizable IL monomers with excellent thermal stability. (researcher-app.com)
Direct immersion solid-phase microextr1
- Analysis of human saliva metabolome by direct immersion solid-phase microextraction LC and benchtop orbitrap MS . Bioanalysis 5:783-792, PMID: 23534423, doi:10.4155/bio.13.35. (nih.gov)
Headspace3
- For gas/liquid equilibrium of the volatile free-base form, the headspace nicotine concentration is proportional to c e,fb and thus also to α fb . (nih.gov)
- This type of chemical derivatization results in loss of ionic charge and reduced polarity making each mercury species molecule volatile so that it can escape the liquid phase and accumulate in the gaseous phase ("headspace") directly above the sample. (cdc.gov)
- Aside from simple liquid injections of extracts, a wide range of injection methods are available including solid-phase microextraction, static headspace, dynamic headspace, and thermal desorption. (metabolomicscentre.ca)
Determination4
- A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with fluorescence detection was developed for concurrent determination of 4 fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), enrofloxacin (ENRO), sarafloxacin (SARA), and difloxacin (DIFLX) in catfish, shrimp, and salmon. (researchgate.net)
- This study reports 2 new simple derivatization-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods for spectrophotometric ultratrace determination of asulam and sulfide. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- Development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as a solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the determination of ibuprofen in water. (ac.ir)
- Method development and validation for the determination of selected endocrine disrupting compounds by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and isotope pattern deconvolution in water samples. (ac.ir)
DLLME4
- Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), in which a small amount of the water-insoluble extraction solvent is dispersed in the sample, is the most successful mode in terms of number of applications reported. (ua.pt)
- LPME modes are classified (in cloud-point extraction, coacervative extraction, aqueous biphasic systems, and different DLLME modes depending on the extraction medium) according to both the nature of the water-miscible extraction phase and the driving force of the separation. (ua.pt)
- The article describes a simple sample pretreatment procedure for the analysis of ten organophosphorus pesticides using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in three distinctively different types of matrices: fresh fruits, fresh vegetables and dried herbs. (edu.hk)
- A magnetic ionic based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (MIL-DLLME) procedure was optimized for the analysis and extraction of cadmium in water and food samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). (cumhuriyet.edu.tr)
Sorbent2
- A new three-component magnetic eutectogel composed of a crosslinked copolymeric deep eutectic solvent (DES) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated Fe3O4 nano-powder impregnated in calcium alginate gel was synthesized and applied as a sorbent material in a green alternative micro solid-phase extraction of melamine in milk and dairy products. (bvsalud.org)
- Nanoparticles like (dendrimer, carbon-based nanoparticles, magnetic and mesoporous nanoparticles, …) and their application as a new sorbent combined with different methods such as solid microextraction and liquid microextraction techniques are discussed in this article. (ac.ir)
Vortex-assisted1
- A. Papadopoulou, I. P Román, A. Canals, K. Tyrovola, E. Psillakis , 'Fast screening of perfluorooctane sulfonate in water using vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry " ,Anal. (tuc.gr)
Stationary1
- The planning and development of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for liquid chromatography (LC) are considered as continuous and evolutionary issues since the introduction of the first CSP in 1938. (mdpi.com)
Preconcentration2
- In this paper, a new extraction method based on countercurrent liquid-liquid microextraction (CLLME) has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in plasma and urine samples prior to their analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). (ac.ir)
- The focus is on the use of solid phase extraction for matrix removal and analyte preconcentration. (rsc.org)
Deep eutectic solvents1
- As a new class of ILs or ILs analogue, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have similar physical properties and phase behavior [ 15 ] to traditional ILs [ 16 , 17 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Hydride generation1
- Other on-line treatment strategies covered are cold vapour and hydride generation, and liquid phase microextraction. (rsc.org)
Ultrasonic-assisted2
Derivatization1
- Sample preparation usually includes solid-phase extraction, azeotropic distillation, and derivatization with pentafluorobenzylbromide (PFBB) in order to convert the dialkyl phosphate acids to esters (Loewenherz et al. (cdc.gov)
Solvent5
- In this study, we used anion supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) prepared from a mixture of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), as the extraction solvent in liquid phase microextraction (LPME) of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ). (mdpi.com)
- Membrane-assisted extraction processes become apparent as an attractive alternative to time- and solvent-consuming liquid-liquid extraction processes. (chromatographyonline.com)
- Current procedures in environmental drug analysis use solid-phase extraction (SPE) of high sample volumes (1 L and more), solvent amounts between 5 and 12 mL for elution, and further portions for subsequent clean-up are required mostly when wastewater has to be analysed. (chromatographyonline.com)
- An ionic liquid (IL) as a design green solvent is regarded as an attractive alternative or replacement to conventional volatile organic solvent. (scirp.org)
- The phase diagrams of deep eutectic solvent+salt (Na3C6H5O7/Na2CO3/NaH2PO4/K2HPO4)+H2O aqueous biphasic systems were determined at 298 K and the aqueous biphasic systems were applied to extract the tryptophan for the first time. (ijpsonline.com)
Solid phase micro-extraction2
- This review will focus specifically on the state-of-the-art sample pre-treatment methods published in the last ten years including liquid and solid phase micro-extraction, and chip-based manifolds that can be coupled to ICP-MS hyphenated techniques. (rsc.org)
- Solid-phase micro-extraction of drugs from biological matrices. (ac.ir)
Organic2
- Different physicochemical mechanisms of phase separation are discussed for each LPME method, including the coacervation phenomena and other driving forces, such as pH, temperature, salting-out effect, metathesis reaction and organic solvents. (ua.pt)
- In current liquid-liquid separation systems, waterimmiscible volatile organic solvents are widely used with their good extraction performance. (ijpsonline.com)
Procedure4
- Can membrane-assisted extraction be a possible alternative to solid-phase extraction - the current standard procedure for the trace analysis of bioactive compounds? (chromatographyonline.com)
- The procedure consists of extraction from fish tissue with acidified ethanol, isolation and retention on a cation exchange solid-phase extraction column, elution with basic methanol, and LC analysis with fluorescence detection. (researchgate.net)
- 7. ANALYTICAL METHODS extraction (SPE) with a C18 cartridge or liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) procedure prior to quantification. (cdc.gov)
- The subsequent step consist of cross-linking using a high internal phase emulsion procedure by further side-chain amidation with diethylenetriamine as crosslinker. (bvsalud.org)
Detection2
- LC is performed by isocratic elution with acetonitrile-2% acetic acid (16 + 84) mobile phase, and a PLRP-S polymer column with fluorescence detection, excitation 278 nm and emission 450 nm. (researchgate.net)
- Improvement of the separation and detection limits for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) by using interactive gases as carrier gas (GC) or as nebulizer gas in electrospray ionization with MS. (longdom.org)
Analytes1
- 19. Successive liquid-phase microextraction of acidic and basic analytes. (nih.gov)
Method1
- Modified ecological-friendly method, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, was used for the extraction of oxymatrine from water samples. (koyauniversity.org)
Polycyclic1
- 17. Naccarato A, Gionfriddo E, Elliani R, Pawliszyn J, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Investigating the robustness and extraction performance of a matrix-compatible solid-phase microextraction coating in human urine and its application to assess 2-6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using GC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci. (ac.ir)
Polymer1
- ABSs are composed of two aqueous-rich phases formed by polymer/polymer, polymer/salt, or salt/salt combinations. (ijpsonline.com)
Mass spectrometric1
- 6. Vas G, Vekey K. Solid‐phase microextraction: a powerful sample preparation tool prior to mass spectrometric analysis. (ac.ir)
Fruits1
- 13. Abdulra'uf LB, Sirhan AY, Huat Tan G. Recent developments and applications of liquid phase microextraction in fruits and vegetables analysis. (ac.ir)
Parabens1
- Application of three phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction for the extraction of four parabens in water samples. (tuc.gr)
Water2
- Classified as a haloether, it is a colorless liquid that is heavier than water. (nih.gov)
- In the enrichment methods, the formed derivatives were preconcentrated into microdroplets of the in situ formed water insoluble ionic liquid (IL), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Samples1
- Samples are mainly prepared by means of liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, and purge and trap. (epal.pt)
Analysis3
- The high potential for automation makes membrane-assisted microextraction interesting for high-throughput analysis. (chromatographyonline.com)
- The following analytical techniques are also noteworthy: gas chromatographic analysis, liquid chromatographic analysis, and highly efficient liquid chromatographic analysis of different types of conventional detectors (Electron Capture, Flame-Ionisation, Diode and Fluorescence Detector) and mass spectrometry with different types of analysis (quadrupole, triple quadrupole, ion-trap, and time of flight). (epal.pt)
- Solid-phase microextraction: a promising technique for sample preparation in environmental analysis. (ac.ir)
Molecules1
- The basis of separation in ABSs is a direct result of the equilibration and selective distribution of target (bio) molecules between the two distinct aqueous phases. (ijpsonline.com)
Analytical1
- Particularly, analytical methodologies involving microextraction approaches used for the enrichment of CECs are discussed. (tuc.gr)
Developments1
- In recent times, membrane-assisted microextraction techniques are among the most promising developments in sample enrichment and separation. (chromatographyonline.com)
Separations1
- Miniaturized sample preparation combined with liquid phase separations. (research.com)
Methods1
- Miniaturized methods of liquid-liquid extraction. (nih.gov)