The beginning of true OBSTETRIC LABOR which is characterized by the cyclic uterine contractions of increasing frequency, duration, and strength causing CERVICAL DILATATION to begin (LABOR STAGE, FIRST ).
The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).
Period from the onset of true OBSTETRIC LABOR to the complete dilatation of the CERVIX UTERI.
Artificially induced UTERINE CONTRACTION. Generally, LABOR, OBSTETRIC is induced with the intent to cause delivery of the fetus and termination of pregnancy.
The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ.
Contraction of the UTERINE MUSCLE.
The innermost membranous sac that surrounds and protects the developing embryo which is bathed in the AMNIOTIC FLUID. Amnion cells are secretory EPITHELIAL CELLS and contribute to the amniotic fluid.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Pain associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR in CHILDBIRTH. It is caused primarily by UTERINE CONTRACTION as well as pressure on the CERVIX; BLADDER; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Labor pain mostly occurs in the ABDOMEN; the GROIN; and the BACK.
A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).
Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime during the 29th through 38th week of PREGNANCY. TOCOLYSIS inhibits premature labor and can prevent the BIRTH of premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE).
Medical problems associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR, such as BREECH PRESENTATION; PREMATURE OBSTETRIC LABOR; HEMORRHAGE; or others. These complications can affect the well-being of the mother, the FETUS, or both.
Allowing a woman to be in LABOR, OBSTETRIC long enough to determine if vaginal birth may be anticipated.
The position or orientation of the FETUS at near term or during OBSTETRIC LABOR, determined by its relation to the SPINE of the mother and the birth canal. The normal position is a vertical, cephalic presentation with the fetal vertex flexed on the NECK.
The final period of OBSTETRIC LABOR that is from the expulsion of the FETUS to the expulsion of the PLACENTA.
Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.
Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.
Drugs that stimulate contraction of the myometrium. They are used to induce LABOR, OBSTETRIC at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage, and to assess fetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (ABORTIFACIENTS). Oxytocics used clinically include the neurohypophyseal hormone OXYTOCIN and certain prostaglandins and ergot alkaloids. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p1157)

Expression of cyclo-oxygenase types-1 and -2 in human fetal membranes throughout pregnancy. (1/67)

Human labour is associated with increased prostaglandin synthesis within the fetal membranes. We have studied the expression of the two isoforms of the central prostaglandin synthetic enzyme, cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), in human fetal membranes throughout pregnancy, at mRNA, protein and activity levels. COX-1 mRNA expression was low in human amnion and chorion-decidua and did not change with gestational age. COX-2 mRNA expression in fetal membranes increased with gestational age, with significant up-regulation prior to the onset of labour and in association with labour. Protein concentrations of COX-1 did not change, whilst concentrations of COX-2 increased from the first to the third trimester. COX activity increased with gestational age and in association with labour, although prostaglandin production in fetal membranes collected after labour was reduced, suggesting reduced substrate supply. These data suggest that it is up-regulation of COX-2, rather than of COX-1, which mediates increased prostaglandin synthesis within the fetal membranes at term. Much of the increase in COX-2 expression precedes the onset of labour, suggesting that it is a cause, rather than a consequence, of labour.  (+info)

Oxytocin receptor expression in human term and preterm gestational tissues prior to and following the onset of labour. (2/67)

Oxytocin receptor (OTR) mRNA expression has previously been demonstrated in human myometrium, decidua, chorion and amnion but the effect of gestational age and the onset of labour has not been determined in these individual tissues. Spatial OTR mRNA expression was examined by in situ hybridization and ligand binding was confirmed using autoradiography with the iodinated oxytocin antagonist d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4,Tyr-NH29]-vasotocin (125I-OTA). Tissue was collected at term (>37 weeks of gestation) or preterm (24-36 weeks of gestation) caesarean section and classified as labour (contractions every 5 min associated with cervical dilatation) or non-labour. OTR mRNA expression was measured as optical density units from autoradiographs. There was a highly significant (P<0.001) effect of tissue type on expression of OTR mRNA with expression greatest in myometrium, low in decidua and chorion and not detected in placenta. Similar results were obtained with the 125I-OTA-binding studies, indicating that the message was translated. Amnion had an apparently high level of both hybridization and 125I-OTA binding in some samples, but a lack of specificity prevented quantification of the signal in this tissue type. Term myometrium (labour and non-labour) had significantly higher (P<0.01) OTR mRNA expression than preterm myometrium, but there was no further increase in mRNA concentration associated with labour onset. In contrast, 125I-OTA binding in myometrium was already high at 33 weeks and did not increase further either later in pregnancy or with labour. In decidua there was no effect of gestational age or labour onset on OTR mRNA expression or 125I-OTA binding. In summary, OTR mRNA expression in the myometrium increased in late pregnancy whereas decidual expression was much lower and did not rise at term.  (+info)

Effect of sodium cloprostenol and flunixin meglumine on luteolysis and the timing of birth in bitches. (3/67)

At birth, the physiological role of prostaglandins in bitches is unclear. Bitches were treated before parturition with either saline, the prostaglandin analogue, sodium cloprostenol, or the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, flunixin meglumine. The animals were examined regularly to determine the onset of parturition and a series of blood samples were taken to define the hormonal profiles before, during and after birth. Animals treated with cloprostenol whelped earlier than did controls. In addition, the prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite surge and decrease in plasma progesterone concentration and rectal temperature were earlier than in controls. Flunixin meglumine disrupted the normal 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha profile but did not abolish prostaglandin synthesis completely or delay the onset of labour in treated animals. This study confirms that prostaglandins induce luteolysis and the onset of labour in the bitch. However, the partial inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis does not prevent parturition.  (+info)

Differential regulation of prostaglandin EP and FP receptors in pregnant sheep myometrium and endometrium during spontaneous term labor. (4/67)

In the present study, we characterized the mRNA abundance of prostaglandin E(2) receptor subtypes (EP1 and EP3, which stimulate excitatory responses; EP2 and EP4, which stimulate inhibitory responses) and the FP receptor in pregnant sheep myometrium and endometrium in relation to parturition. Myometrial and endometrial poly(A) RNA was extracted from control ewes at 143-147 days gestational age (dGA, n = 6) and from ewes in spontaneous term labor at 145-147 dGA (n = 6), and was subjected to Northern blot analysis for FP, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 mRNA. Myometrial EP3, EP4, and FP mRNA abundance increased during labor (P<0.05); EP2 mRNA did not change. EP1 mRNA was not detectable in the myometrium. Endometrial EP2 and EP4 mRNA remained unchanged during labor. EP3 mRNA was expressed at a very low level, and EP1 and FP mRNA were not detected in endometrium in any animals studied. In conclusion, there is differential expression in myometrium and endometrium of EP subtypes and FP receptor in relation to labor. Increases in EP3 and FP, together with increased prostaglandin production from intrauterine tissues, may lead to the switch in the myometrial contraction pattern that occurs during labor. These differences within and between myometrium and endometrium may result from different anatomical location, such as longitudinal or circular layers of myometrium, or vascular location.  (+info)

Risk factors for 14-21 week abortions: a case-control study in Europe. The Europop Group. (5/67)

Data from a case-control survey in Europe, carried out between 1994 and 1997, were used to investigate the risk factors for spontaneous abortions at 14-21 weeks (late abortions), according to the vital status of the fetus before the onset of labour. Late abortions included 62 involving a fetus alive before the onset of labour, 216 late abortions of a fetus already dead, together with 4592 control pregnancies at term (>/=37 weeks) from seven countries. Histories of induced abortion, spontaneous abortion and preterm birth were more closely associated with late abortion of a live fetus than with late abortion of a dead fetus. Women aged >/=35 years and women living alone had a much higher risk of late abortions than women aged 20-24 years and married women, regardless of the vital status of the fetus before labour. These results provide evidence that obstetric history and socio-demographic factors are risk factors for late abortions but differences are observed according to the vital status of the fetus before labour.  (+info)

Myosin light chain kinase and the onset of labour in humans. (6/67)

Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is essential for myometrial contractions induced by calcium-mobilizing agonists. From the gene of vertebrate smooth muscle/non-muscle MLCK there are at least four proteins expressed. We have found that both a > 200 and a 137 kDa MLCK are equally expressed in human non-pregnant (NP) and term pregnant (P) uterine smooth muscle and confirmed that 19 kDa telokin (TK) is only expressed in P myometrium. In addition, we have observed that a MLCK immunogen at approximately 60 kDa is only expressed in NP myometrium, suggesting that its expression is inhibited during normal pregnancy in a hormonally dependent manner. However, when we compared pregnant myometrium from patients delivered preterm (PT) (< 34 weeks gestation), but not in labour (NIL), with PT patients in labour (IL) we found that PT(IL) samples expressed the approximately 60 kDa MLCK immunogen and thus displayed a NP phenotype whereas PT(NIL) samples did not express the protein and retained a pregnant phenotype. We hypothesize that the novel approximately 60 kDa MLCK immunogen contributes to the aberrent contractility associated with preterm labour. Experimental Physiology (2001) 86.2, 313-318.  (+info)

Uterine contraction pattern as a predictor of the mode of delivery. (7/67)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether analysis of the frequency or regularity of uterine contractions can distinguish between women delivering vaginally and women requiring Cesarean section for dystocia. STUDY DESIGN: This was a case-control study. Cases meeting the following criteria were identified: nulliparous women in spontaneous labor, singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation, 37 to 42 weeks' gestation, Cesarean section for dystocia, a minimum of three analyzable hours of electronically archived cardiotocograph (CTG) prior to onset of the second stage. Cases delivered by Cesarean section for dystocia were each matched with two controls delivering vaginally. The peak of each contraction was visually identified and electronically marked on each CTG trace. A moving average (MTIME) and standard deviation (SDTIME) of five interpeak times were calculated for successive 30-minute periods and plotted against cervical dilatation for each group. RESULTS: Overall, both MTIME and SDTIME fell as labor progressed, with these changes being more marked in the vaginal delivery group. In women requiring oxytocin, the rate of fall of MTIME and SDTIME was significantly greater following oxytocin in the group which subsequently delivered vaginally (slope of MTIME -2.71 pre-oxytocin and -28.95 post-oxytocin, p=0.0004; slope of SDTIME -0.44 and -6.44, p=0.0002). No such change was seen in the Cesarean section group. CONCLUSION: As normal labor progresses, there is a shortening of the intercontraction interval and an increase in contraction regularity. A successful response to oxytocin augmentation may be predicted by the change in contraction pattern following treatment.  (+info)

Comparison of potassium currents in human decidua before and after the onset of labor. (8/67)

The human decidua plays a prominent role in the signaling between maternal and fetal tissues. It also secretes a plethora of molecules that modulate uterine function. Ion-channel activity underpins many cellular functions; however, the channels in human decidua have not been characterized in any detail. We have used the whole-cell recording mode of the patch-clamp technique to carry out current-clamp and voltage-clamp recordings of membrane properties and whole-cell potassium (K+) currents of freshly isolated decidual stromal cells. Decidual tissue was obtained from women after spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) or elective cesarean section (CS). Cells from both groups generated action potentials, the overshoots and durations of which were dependent on extracellular calcium levels, inhibited by cobalt and enhanced by barium. Potassium current (IK) density was higher in the CS than in the SVD group. Outwardly directed currents were heterogeneous with respect to their activation/inactivation profiles and exhibited outward rectification. The main difference between the SVD and CS group was the presence of a sustained current component in CS cells that is tetraethylammonium chloride-resistant and appears to be unaffected by E-4031. No evidence for the activation of any calcium-activated K+ currents was obtained. We propose that human parturition is associated with subtle changes in K+ channel remodeling, reflecting the transition from uterine quiescence to activation and stimulation. An understanding of the signal transduction events underlying these process may eventually lead to novel approaches to prevent preterm labor via decidual rather than myometrial intervention.  (+info)

Labor onset, also known as the start of labor, refers to the beginning of regular and coordinated uterine contractions that ultimately result in the delivery of a baby. This is usually marked by the presence of regular contractions that increase in intensity and frequency over time, along with cervical dilation and effacement (thinning and shortening of the cervix).

There are two types of labor onset: spontaneous and induced. Spontaneous labor onset occurs naturally, without any medical intervention, while induced labor onset is initiated by medical professionals using various methods such as medication or mechanical dilation of the cervix.

It's important to note that the onset of labor can be a challenging concept to define precisely, and different healthcare providers may use slightly different criteria to diagnose the start of labor.

'Labor, Obstetric' refers to the physiological process that occurs during childbirth, leading to the expulsion of the fetus from the uterus. It is divided into three stages:

1. The first stage begins with the onset of regular contractions and cervical dilation and effacement (thinning and shortening) until full dilation is reached (approximately 10 cm). This stage can last from hours to days, particularly in nulliparous women (those who have not given birth before).
2. The second stage starts with complete cervical dilation and ends with the delivery of the baby. During this stage, the mother experiences strong contractions that help push the fetus down the birth canal. This stage typically lasts from 20 minutes to two hours but can take longer in some cases.
3. The third stage involves the delivery of the placenta (afterbirth) and membranes, which usually occurs within 15-30 minutes after the baby's birth. However, it can sometimes take up to an hour for the placenta to be expelled completely.

Obstetric labor is a complex process that requires careful monitoring and management by healthcare professionals to ensure the safety and well-being of both the mother and the baby.

The first stage of labor is the period of time when the cervix dilates (opens) and effaces (thins out). This stage is further divided into two phases: the latent phase and the active phase. During the latent phase, the cervix begins to dilate and may progress slowly or stop and start. Contractions are often mild and irregular during this time. The active phase is characterized by more intense and regular contractions that cause the cervix to dilate more rapidly, typically at a rate of 1 cm per hour in first-time mothers.

The first stage of labor ends when the cervix is fully dilated (10 cm) and effaced, which signals the transition to the second stage of labor. During this stage, the mother begins pushing efforts to deliver the baby. It's important to note that the duration of each phase and the overall length of the first stage of labor can vary widely among individuals.

Induced labor refers to the initiation of labor before it begins spontaneously, which is usually achieved through medical intervention. This process is initiated when there is a medically indicated reason to deliver the baby, such as maternal or fetal compromise, prolonged pregnancy, or reduced fetal movement. The most common methods used to induce labor include membrane stripping, prostaglandin administration, and oxytocin infusion. It's important to note that induced labor carries certain risks, including a higher chance of uterine hyperstimulation, infection, and the need for assisted vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Therefore, it should only be performed under the close supervision of a healthcare provider in a clinical setting.

The myometrium is the middle and thickest layer of the uterine wall, composed mainly of smooth muscle cells. It is responsible for the strong contractions during labor and can also contribute to bleeding during menstruation or childbirth. The myometrium is able to stretch and expand to accommodate a growing fetus and then contract during labor to help push the baby out. It also plays a role in maintaining the structure and shape of the uterus, and in protecting the internal organs within the pelvic cavity.

A uterine contraction is a rhythmic, involuntary muscle tightening that occurs in the uterus. These contractions are primarily caused by the activation of smooth muscle cells within the uterine wall, known as myometrial cells. They play a crucial role in various reproductive processes, including menstruation, implantation of a fertilized egg, and childbirth (labor).

During labor, strong and frequent uterine contractions help to dilate the cervix and efface (thin) the lower part of the uterus. As the contractions become more intense and regular, they assist in moving the baby down through the birth canal, ultimately resulting in delivery. Uterine contractions are regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, ensuring proper coordination and timing throughout the reproductive process.

The amnion is the innermost fetal membrane in mammals, forming a sac that contains and protects the developing embryo and later the fetus within the uterus. It is one of the extraembryonic membranes that are derived from the outer cell mass of the blastocyst during early embryonic development. The amnion is filled with fluid (amniotic fluid) that allows for the freedom of movement and protection of the developing fetus.

The primary function of the amnion is to provide a protective environment for the growing fetus, allowing for expansion and preventing physical damage from outside forces. Additionally, the amniotic fluid serves as a medium for the exchange of waste products and nutrients between the fetal membranes and the placenta. The amnion also contributes to the formation of the umbilical cord and plays a role in the initiation of labor during childbirth.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Labor pain is the physiological discomfort and pain experienced by women during childbirth, typically beginning in the lower back and radiating to the abdomen as contractions become more intense and frequent. It's primarily caused by the contraction of uterine muscles, pressure on the cervix, and stretching of the vaginal tissues during labor and delivery.

The pain can vary greatly among individuals, ranging from mild to severe, and it may be influenced by factors such as fear, anxiety, cultural expectations, and previous childbirth experiences. Various methods, including pharmacological interventions (such as epidural anesthesia), non-pharmacological techniques (such as breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, and water immersion), and alternative therapies (such as acupuncture and massage) can be used to manage labor pain.

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby through the umbilical cord. It also removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's side of the placenta contains many tiny blood vessels that connect to the baby's circulatory system. This allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the mother's and baby's blood. After the baby is born, the placenta is usually expelled from the uterus in a process called afterbirth.

Premature obstetric labor, also known as preterm labor, is defined as regular contractions leading to cervical changes that begin before 37 weeks of gestation. This condition can result in premature birth and potentially complications for the newborn, depending on how early the delivery occurs. It's important to note that premature labor requires medical attention and intervention to try to stop or delay it, if possible, to allow for further fetal development.

Obstetric labor complications refer to any physical or physiological difficulties that arise during the process of childbirth (labor) and can pose risks to the health of the mother, baby, or both. These complications may result from various factors such as pre-existing medical conditions, fetal distress, prolonged labor, abnormal positioning of the fetus, or issues related to the size or weight of the baby.

Some examples of obstetric labor complications include:

1. Fetal distress: This occurs when the fetus is not receiving adequate oxygen supply or is in danger during labor. It can be caused by various factors such as umbilical cord compression, placental abruption, or maternal anemia.
2. Prolonged labor: When labor lasts for more than 20 hours in first-time mothers or more than 14 hours in subsequent pregnancies, it is considered prolonged labor. This can lead to fatigue, infection, and other complications for both the mother and baby.
3. Abnormal positioning of the fetus: Normally, the fetus should be positioned head-down (vertex) before delivery. However, if the fetus is in a breech or transverse position, it can lead to difficult labor and increased risk of complications during delivery.
4. Shoulder dystocia: This occurs when the baby's shoulders get stuck behind the mother's pubic bone during delivery, making it challenging to deliver the baby. It can cause injuries to both the mother and the baby.
5. Placental abruption: This is a serious complication where the placenta separates from the uterus before delivery, leading to bleeding and potential oxygen deprivation for the fetus.
6. Uterine rupture: A rare but life-threatening complication where the uterus tears during labor, causing severe bleeding and potentially endangering both the mother and baby's lives.
7. Preeclampsia/eclampsia: This is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder that can lead to complications such as seizures, organ failure, or even maternal death if left untreated.
8. Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding after delivery can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
9. Infections: Maternal infections during pregnancy or childbirth can lead to complications for both the mother and baby, including preterm labor, low birth weight, and even fetal death.
10. Anesthesia complications: Adverse reactions to anesthesia during delivery can cause respiratory depression, allergic reactions, or other complications that may endanger the mother's life.

A "trial of labor" (ToL) is a medical term used to describe the attempt to deliver a baby vaginally, without the use of a cesarean section (C-section), after a previous C-section delivery. It's also sometimes referred to as "VBAC" (vaginal birth after cesarean). The decision to undergo a trial of labor is made after considering several factors, including the reason for the prior C-section, the woman's overall health and pregnancy complications, if any.

During a trial of labor, the healthcare provider will monitor both the mother and the baby closely for signs of distress or other complications that might require an emergency C-section. The success rate of a trial of labor varies depending on several factors, including the number of previous C-sections, the reason for those C-sections, and whether there are any additional risk factors present in the current pregnancy.

It's important to note that while a trial of labor can be successful and result in a vaginal delivery, it also carries some risks, such as the possibility of uterine rupture, which is a serious complication that requires immediate medical attention. Therefore, the decision to undergo a trial of labor should be made carefully and discussed thoroughly with a healthcare provider.

'Labor presentation' is a term used in obstetrics to describe the part of the fetus that enters the mother's pelvis first during labor. This positioning determines the route the baby will take through the birth canal. The most common and uncomplicated presentation is vertex or cephalic presentation, where the baby's head is the presenting part. Other possible presentations include breech (buttocks or feet first), face, brow, and shoulder presentations, which can potentially lead to complications during delivery if not managed appropriately.

The third stage of labor is the period between the delivery of the baby and the expulsion of the placenta. It is also known as the afterbirth stage. This stage is typically completed within 5-30 minutes, but can take up to an hour. During this stage, the uterus continues to contract, causing the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. Once separated, the placenta is expelled from the body with the help of contractions and a strong push from the mother. It is important for medical professionals to monitor this stage closely to ensure that the entire placenta is expelled and to manage any potential complications, such as heavy bleeding.

"Delivery, Obstetric" is a medical term that refers to the process of giving birth to a baby. It involves the passage of the fetus through the mother's vagina or via Caesarean section (C-section), which is a surgical procedure.

The obstetric delivery process typically includes three stages:

1. The first stage begins with the onset of labor and ends when the cervix is fully dilated.
2. The second stage starts with full dilation of the cervix and ends with the birth of the baby.
3. The third stage involves the delivery of the placenta, which is the organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus during pregnancy.

Obstetric delivery requires careful monitoring and management by healthcare professionals to ensure the safety and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Various interventions and techniques may be used during the delivery process to facilitate a safe and successful outcome, including the use of medications, assisted delivery with forceps or vacuum extraction, and C-section.

A Cesarean section, often referred to as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby. It involves making an incision through the mother's abdomen and uterus to remove the baby. This procedure may be necessary when a vaginal delivery would put the mother or the baby at risk.

There are several reasons why a C-section might be recommended, including:

* The baby is in a breech position (feet first) or a transverse position (sideways) and cannot be turned to a normal head-down position.
* The baby is too large to safely pass through the mother's birth canal.
* The mother has a medical condition, such as heart disease or high blood pressure, that could make vaginal delivery risky.
* The mother has an infection, such as HIV or herpes, that could be passed to the baby during a vaginal delivery.
* The labor is not progressing and there are concerns about the health of the mother or the baby.

C-sections are generally safe for both the mother and the baby, but like any surgery, they do carry some risks. These can include infection, bleeding, blood clots, and injury to nearby organs. In addition, women who have a C-section are more likely to experience complications in future pregnancies, such as placenta previa or uterine rupture.

If you have questions about whether a C-section is necessary for your delivery, it's important to discuss your options with your healthcare provider.

Oxytocics are a class of medications that stimulate the contraction of uterine smooth muscle. They are primarily used in obstetrics to induce or augment labor, and to control bleeding after childbirth. Oxytocin is the most commonly used oxytocic and is naturally produced by the posterior pituitary gland. Synthetic forms of oxytocin, such as Pitocin, are often used in medical settings to induce labor or reduce postpartum bleeding. Other medications with oxytocic properties include ergometrine and methylergometrine. It's important to note that the use of oxytocics should be monitored carefully as overuse can lead to excessive uterine contractions, which may compromise fetal oxygenation and increase the risk of uterine rupture.

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The onset of the Great Depression, and then war, meant little was achieved. After the Second World War, under the first ... Law portal Organised labour portal A Manifesto for Labour Law European labour law History of trade unions in the United Kingdom ... See S Deakin and G Morris, Labour Law (5th edn 2009) 446 See H Collins, KD Ewing and A McColgan, Labour Law: Law in Context ( ... One of the most important labour rights, on which all other labour rights rest, is the "right to work" and therefore to full ...
Onset is usually towards the end of labour, and recovery after the birth. Any of the following may be observed - incoherent ... In addition, there are 19 cases of bipolar episodes with onset during labor; they differ from parturient delirium in their ... After excessively painful labors, or those with a disturbing loss of control, fear of death or infant loss, or complications ... Women may spend anywhere from a few hours to a few days in labor, thus leading to an emotionally and physically intense ...
A larger celebration was deferred because on the onset of World War II. The architectural style of the building is known as ... Construction began a short time after the bidding process, however, poor soil conditions and various labor problems slowed ...
Administration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labour. Intravenous penicillin or ampicillin given at the onset of labour ... These factors are: Onset of labour before 37 weeks of gestation (premature birth) Prolonged rupture of membranes (longer ... Ohlsson A, Shah VS, Stade BC (December 2014). "Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early-onset neonatal group B ... GBS infections in newborns are separated into two clinical types, early-onset disease (GBS-EOD) and late-onset disease (GBS-LOD ...
... school education and productive labour. However, 1928 saw the onset of a wave of criticism aimed at Makarenko. In March 1928 ... In 1935 Makarenko started working at the NKVD in Kyiv as the Chief Assistant of the Labour Colony Department. In 1936 he was ... In February 1939 he received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, a high-profile Soviet award. On April 1st, 1939, Anton ... In 1927 Makarenko was appointed as the head of the Dzerzhinsky labour commune, an orphanage for street children near Kharkiv, ...
Onset of action after I.V. administration of Fentanyl is 3-5 minutes; duration of action is 30-60 minutes. "Fentanyl". Centers ... "Guideline for administration of fentanyl for pain relief in labour" (PDF). RCP. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March ... The almost immediate onset of fentanyl reduces visceral discomfort and even nausea during the procedure. Fentanyl is sometimes ... Some routes of administration such as nasal sprays and inhalers generally result in a faster onset of high blood levels, which ...
With the onset of winter, the school moved into empty workshops. The authorities kept up their intimidation with farmers ... Independent Labour Party branches and Co-operative Societies. The new school was officially declared open on 13 May 1917, with ... 20th-century labor disputes and strikes, 1914 in England, History of Norfolk, Defunct schools in Norfolk, Museums in Norfolk, ... because a shortage of labour during the First World War meant that they had to be re-employed. Striking families who rented ...
This eventually leads to rupture of the fetal membrane and the onset of labour.[citation needed] As pregnancy advances to term ... Phillippe M (October 2015). "Cell-Free Fetal DNA, Telomeres, and the Spontaneous Onset of Parturition". Reproductive Sciences. ... another chemical vital for fetal maturation and labour initiation. Preterm births (births taking place before 37 weeks) can be ...
One, an early-onset sepsis, with Listeria acquired in utero, results in premature birth. Listeria can be isolated in the ... Miscarriage, stillbirth and preterm labor are complications of this infection. Symptoms last 7-10 days. Neonatal infection ( ... Another, late-onset meningitis is acquired through vaginal transmission, although it also has been reported with caesarean ...
These include low birth weight, miscarriage and premature labour. In modern medicine there are multiple options to limit the ... Long-term effects include early onset menopause, ovarian failure and inability to complete puberty. Where pregnancy occurs in ...
He also linked falling pressure to the onset of non-induced labor in childbirth. Throughout the 1940s, Landsberg focused on ...
However, it was postponed to 2021 by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The attraction opened to the public on May 29, 2021, ... ronannarbor (August 23, 2011). "Cedar Point - Paddlewheel Excursions closing forever as of Labor Day". a2view.com. Retrieved ... and operates on a seasonal basis through Labor Day. The Riverboat Cruises paddleboat attraction originally opened at Cedar ...
Failure to ripen the cervix during labor may delay its onset and cause complications. Current efforts to induce labor include ... Warm bath Warm bath is a common method used by midwives to ease labor pain and also induce labor. In a study conducted in 2019 ... and labor onset when used in the outpatient setting and the inpatient setting. Oxytocin Oxytocin is one of the most commonly ... while there wasn't significant difference in time for second and third stage of labour, the "mean time in first stage of labour ...
Camp Pilot Butte closed in 1899 after the onset of the Spanish-American War. The labor strike was unsuccessful, and the miners ... The Knights of Labor, one of the foremost voices against Chinese immigrant labor, formed a chapter in Rock Springs in 1883, and ... Stone, "The Knights of Labor on the Chinese Labor Situation", p. 1. The New York Times, "The Rock Springs Massacre", p. 1. The ... Stone, W.W. "The Knights of Labor on the Chinese Labor Situation", Overland Monthly and Out West Magazine, March 1886, no.39. ...
Card, David (1990). "The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market". Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 43 (2 ... "Migrant remittances and the onset of civil war". Conflict Management and Peace Science. 31 (5): 502-520. doi:10.1177/ ... Borjas, George J. (2003-11-01). "The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor ... According to labor economist Giovanni Peri, the existing literature suggests that there are no economic reasons why the ...
Education, though at the onset only for the privileged few, was introduced. The name "Kaputatan", which the Spanish have ... with the natives contributing the labor. The Tribunal withstood World War II and in the early 50s was modified into what is now ...
Serenko, A. (2023). "The Great Resignation: The great knowledge exodus or the onset of the Great Knowledge Revolution?" (PDF). ... US Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Labor Force Participation Rate - Men". Federal Reserve Economic Data. "Labor force ... Bureau of Labor Statistics: According to the US Department of Labor, as of 2017 women make up 47% of the total labor force with ... The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) defines the labor force as: Included are persons 16 years of age and older residing in the ...
Perinatal HIV Transmission and the Cost-Effectiveness of Screening at 14 Weeks Gestation, at the Onset of Labour and the Rapid ... Three opportunities for screening were considered in isolation and in combination: by 14 weeks gestation, at the onset of labor ... The benefits of screening after 14 weeks gestation but before the onset of labor were also not addressed. ... at the Onset of Labour and the Rapid Testing of Infants. 8 174. 10.1002/bdra.20726. ...
When I was in labor labor I felt pain in my back mostly and in my lower abdomen. And when I had my C-section, my scar hurted ... When I was outside the labour room I could hear screams of women in labour and that literally freaked me out for real. The ... We call it labor for all the right reasons, And I know all you mamas are going to agree with me. Childbirth is a difficult ... Ive had normal Labor pains for around 15 hours and have also experienced the trauma of a C-section twice. Which is more ...
Spontaneous Onset of Labor. Spontaneous labor is the safest course for women and newborns, but national survey data indicated ... Maternal and neonatal outcomes by labor onset type and gestational age.Am J Obstet Gynecol.2010;202(3):245.e1-245.e12. doi: ... Click to view additional resources available in the Promoting Spontaneous Onset of Labor Resource Toolbox, or search our ... that fewer than half of births were preceded by the spontaneous onset of labor.1 Rates of induction of labor and planned ...
Primiparity is a risk factor for prolonged labor, which is affiliated with worse labor pain and prolonged second stage of labor ... Note that delayed onset of lactogenesis II is distinct from low milk supply, where there is a normal onset of lactation, but ... Delayed onset of lactation (DOL) describes the absence of copious milk secretion (onset of lactation) within the first 72 hours ... Stress levels can be influenced by factors including the way of labor, duration of labor and degree of post-surgical pain after ...
Precipitous labor ,3 hours (Onset of labor**). *Prolonged labor =, 20 hours(Onset of labor**) ... Premature rupture of the membranes ,=12 hours (Onset of labor**). * ... Non-vertex presentation (Characteristics of Labor and Delivery). *Was delivery with forceps attempted by unsuccessful? (Method ... Moderate/heavy meconium staining of the amniotic fluid (Characteristics of Labor and Delivery) * ...
First stage of labor. The first stage of labor includes the latent and active phases. The latent phase begins with the onset of ... Second stage of labor. Near the end of the first stage of labor, the fetal head begins to descend, causing perineal distention ... encoded search term (Pain Relief for Labor and Delivery) and Pain Relief for Labor and Delivery What to Read Next on Medscape ... CSE labor analgesia is associated with faster cervical dilation than conventional epidural labor analgesia, perhaps owing to ...
Stages of labor Obstetricians have divided labor into 3 stages that delineate milestones in a continuous process. ... Labor is a physiologic process during which the fetus, membranes, umbilical cord, and placenta are expelled from the uterus. ... Labor is a clinical diagnosis. The onset of labor is defined as regular, painful uterine contractions resulting in progressive ... Stages of Labor and Epidemiology. Stages of Labor. Obstetricians have divided labor into 3 stages that delineate milestones in ...
3 days before labor. We observed 6 cases of meningitis, 3 each from the full-term and preterm neonate groups (Table 1). ... All 8 ST1193 isolates caused late-onset infections, although none caused EOS. Only 1 recent case of early-onset meningitis ... Early-Onset Infection Caused by Escherichia coli Sequence Type 1193 in Late Preterm and Full-Term Neonates On This Page ... EOS, early-onset neonatal sepsis; HVC, healthy... * Figure 2. ST and STc distributions of EOS neonate and HVC Escherichia coli ...
Results: The most common peri-onset events reported by subjects were infection-related episodes (64%), stressful incidents (39 ... Describe ME/CFS onset and course in one United States-based cohort.Methods: One hundred and fifty subjects fitting Fukuda 1994 ... The most common peri-onset events reported by subjects were infection-related episodes (64%), stressful incidents (39%), and ... Objective: Describe ME/CFS onset and course in one United States-based cohort. Methods: 150 subjects fitting Fukuda 1994 CFS ...
Why childhood-onset type 1 diabetes impacts labour market outcomes : a mediation analysis Author ... Why childhood-onset type 1 diabetes impacts labour market outcomes : a mediation analysis ... Results: Childhood-onset type 1 diabetes had a negative impact on employment (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.62, 0.76] and OR 0.76 [95% CI ... Aims/hypothesis: Previous studies show a negative effect of type 1 diabetes on labour market outcomes such as employment and ...
8 proven ways to reduce overtime & labor costs (2023) labor costs, overtime, scheduling, time tracking, work hours ... Early-onset Alzheimers, also known as younger-onset Alzheimers, can hit when someone is in their 30s or 40s, a time when ... Ken Dodson lost his job shortly after he was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimers disease seven years ago. To make matters ... Often employees who are struggling with job performance because of early-onset Alzheimers are afraid to ask for help or they ...
Fetal Production of prokineticin 2 heralds the onset of labor. *Article. *Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine 35th Annual ... Preterm labor, Prolapsed uterus, Recurrent pregnancy loss, Sexual dysfunction, Stress incontinence, Teen pregnancy, Total ...
The Onset of Labor Alters Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Type 1 Receptor Variant Expression in Human Myometrium: Putative Role ... The Onset of Labor Alters Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Type 1 Receptor Variant Expression in Human Myometrium: Putative Role ...
Keywords: Colitis, ulcerative; diet therapy; environment; labor onset; postpartum period. Copyright: © 2020 The Authors. ...
Many pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of labor analgesia have been adopted over the years. ... Laboring patients must be educated about the different available methods of labor analgesia. ... When an opioid is used in combination with a local anesthetic, it provides faster onset of effective analgesia throughout labor ... Epidural analgesia is the most effective form of pain relief in labor [18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24] and is used by most laboring ...
Remove CERVIDIL 12 hours after insertion with the onset of active labor, prior to an amniotomy, occurrence of uterine ... Remove upon onset of active labor or 12 hours after insertion. (2.1) ... and time to onset of labor. Table 2 presents efficacy outcomes from Trials 1, 2, and 3. ... Available evidence indicates that dinoprostone, in the concentrations found during the early part of labor, plays an important ...
Heavy bleeding or labour pains or the waters breaking can be signs of miscarriage. If any of these occur while you are at home ... You will be given extra information about pain control and what to do if you start labour or your waters break. ...
Onset of labour. *Method of birth. * Babies. *Gestational age. *Birthweight. *Low birthweight ...
Onset Of Labour Youre nearly there! The last few weeks of pregnancy are the most uncomfortable and were sure youre desperate ... A Guide to Labour and Birth Labour and birth can be confusing and scary, especially if its your first time. Learning the early ... For a lot of pregnant mamas, one of the big questions surrounding labour and delivery is: "Will I tear when I give birth?"... ... signs of labour is important to help you manage expectation as well as knowing when to go to... read more ...
Labour market consequences of an early-onset disability : the case of cerebral palsy Derek Asuman, Ulf G. Gerdtham, Ann I. ... Labor market consequences of childhood onset type 1 diabetes Sofie Persson, Ulf G. Gerdtham, Katarina Steen Carlsson (2016) ... Why childhood-onset type 1 diabetes impacts labour market outcomes : a mediation analysis Sofie Persson, Gisela Dahlquist, U. G ... Pain and labor outcomes : A longitudinal study of adults with cerebral palsy in Sweden Derek Asuman, Ulf-G Gerdtham, Ann I ...
Labour productivity since the onset of the crisis - an international and historical perspective * Jumana Saleheen ... Labour Markets ![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn/T/TemporaryItems/NSIRD_ ...
Childbirth education(531) Maternal Infant Care(388) Professional Resources(372) Labor/Birth(343) Sharon Muza(266) Lamaze ... After a 17 hour labor and an unsuccessful vacuum extraction, she underwent an emergency cesarean section. She said she felt ... Part One of Two: EMDR as a Treatment Modality for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (Childbirth Onset) During a Subsequent ... Post-traumatic stress disorder (childbirth onset) is a debilitating condition affecting between 1 - 6% of women in developed ...
Remove CERVIDIL 12 hours after insertion with the onset of active labor, prior to an amniotomy, occurrence of uterine ... Remove upon onset of active labor or 12 hours after insertion. (2.1) ... and time to onset of labor. Table 2 presents efficacy outcomes from Trials 1, 2, and 3. ... Available evidence indicates that dinoprostone, in the concentrations found during the early part of labor, plays an important ...
The Employment Service and WIA programs similarly began to serve unemployed workers at the onset of the recession, but their ... 10 According to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey data compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average monthly ... United States Department of Labor The .gov means its official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before ... U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Business Employment Dynamics PSB Suite 4840 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE Washington, DC 20212-0001 ...
Labour onset was spontaneous in 12 patients (48%). Five patients (20%) were induced and 8 patients (32%) had pre-labour rupture ... In addition, patients should be educated on the early signs of labour or pre-labour rupture of membranes so that they present ... They went into spontaneous labour and subsequently developed cord prolapse. The last patient had labour induction at term for ... In the first stage of labour, a caesarean section is the only way to achieve early delivery, however with a completely dilated ...
Lillegard established some ground rules for the guide from the onset. All the places featured in the book had to be affordable- ... Manual labor. Under the Arch: A DIY Guide to Reno. By Brad Bynum ...
The row ended when Barbara felt what she thought was the onset of labour pains. While she went to hospital, accompanied by a ... In the book, which is being serialised by the German newspaper Bild, Becker says his wifes labour pains that night were a ...
A. Onset labor to delivery emergency Explanation. 1007 Rate this question:. 1 ... This pattern is typical of contractions during labor, where the muscles of the uterus contract and then relax to help push the ...
laboured, hesitant speech - not being able to get the right word out ... Symptoms of young onset dementia. The symptoms of dementia differ from person to person, depending on the type of dementia and ... An online community of people affected by and working in the field of young onset dementia. Its resources include ID cards for ... Changes in behaviour and personality in someone with young onset dementia will increase over time, but the person may be ...
  • GBS infections which occur within the first week of life are called "early-onset" GBS disease. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • Governmental health agencies in many countries recommend that all pregnant women should be screened for GBS ("universal screening") and, if positive, given IV antibiotics during labor and delivery to help prevent early-onset GBS disease. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • However, this does not prevent prenatal-onset, late-onset, and all instances of early-onset GBS disease. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • This is called early-onset GBS disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The somatic pain that arises during the second stage of labor occurs in addition to the ongoing visceral pain of uterine contractions. (medscape.com)
  • It also helps control blood pressure in women with preeclampsia by alleviating labor pain, and it blunts the hemodynamic effects of uterine contractions and the associated pain response in patients with other medical complications. (medscape.com)
  • In movies, it's simple and easy: A woman experiences contractions, goes into labor, and voila - the baby is there. (lifehack.org)
  • Before your labor begins, you may experience false labor pains that are also known as Braxton Hicks contractions . (lifehack.org)
  • These contractions are your body's way to get ready for the labor, but you should bear in mind that occurrence of Braxton Hicks contractions doesn't mean your labor has begun. (lifehack.org)
  • RZT can be used to treat many of the physiological discomforts in pregnancy and is particularly effective in facilitating the onset and progress of labour through stimulation of two pressure points on the big toes which refer to the pituitary gland reflex zones and can therefore initiate oxytocin release to encourage contractions. (expectancy.co.uk)
  • I told an animated tale of chaos and mayhem surrounding my sudden, yet excruciating, onset of contractions. (childfun.com)
  • Numbers of singleton births in NHS maternity units by onset of labour, mode of birth, and gestational age group, 2005-2014. (figshare.com)
  • Maternal and neonatal outcomes by labor onset type and gestational age. (birthtools.org)
  • The main interest of my group is on signalling mechanisms that maintain gestational quiescence and the switch to labour. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The CDC guidelines state that IV antibiotics for GBS are not indicated before a planned C-section performed before onset of labor on a woman with intact amniotic membranes, regardless of GBS colonization status or gestational age. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • I've had normal Labor pains for around 15 hours and have also experienced the trauma of a C-section twice. (pregnancyvoyage.com)
  • Coming to labour pains I want to describe my experience in detail. (pregnancyvoyage.com)
  • Heavy bleeding or labour pains or the waters breaking can be signs of miscarriage. (bpas.org)
  • The row ended when Barbara felt what she thought was the onset of labour pains. (bbc.co.uk)
  • In the book, which is being serialised by the German newspaper Bild, Becker says his wife's labour pains that night were a false alarm, but eight months later he learned that he was responsible for another pregnancy. (bbc.co.uk)
  • With the onset of labor - the pains begin. (audiobooks.com)
  • Listen on and see why men have labour pains too! (audiobooks.com)
  • The successful onset of lactation following clearance of placenta fragments has been reported in multiple case studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Labor is a physiologic process during which the fetus, membranes, umbilical cord, and placenta are expelled from the uterus. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding the most effective locations for the pituitary gland reflex zones can enable midwives to use RZT effectively for postdates pregnancy, labour acceleration, retained placenta and lactation support, all of which require pituitary hormone release. (expectancy.co.uk)
  • According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, a critical element for improving the quality of maternity care services is the prevention of primary cesarean birth, which requires reassessment of the current maternity care practices related to interventions, such as induction of labor. (birthtools.org)
  • Maternal stress experienced during labor and delivery can induce DOL. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maternal request is a sufficient medical indication for pain relief during labor. (medscape.com)
  • Integrated trajectories of the maternal metabolome, proteome, and immunome predict labor onset. (uib.no)
  • 4. The major direct causes of maternal death are unsafe abortion, anaemia, eclampsia, hemorrhage, obstructed labour and puerperal infections. (who.int)
  • Spontaneous labor is the safest course for women and newborns, but national survey data indicated that fewer than half of births were preceded by the spontaneous onset of labor. (birthtools.org)
  • Click to view additional resources available in the Promoting Spontaneous Onset of Labor Resource Toolbox , or search our resource library by clicking here . (birthtools.org)
  • This study in a referral hospital in Sana'a, Yemen investigated the outcome of vaginal birth after caesarean section in 357 women who had one prior caesarean section and were admitted to hospital at term with spontaneous onset of labour. (who.int)
  • Developed by the AWHONN, with resources in both English and Spanish, this consumer campaign offers information to women about the importance of the last days and weeks of pregnancy to prepare their bodies and fetuses for labor. (birthtools.org)
  • Stage I lactogenesis refers to the initiation of the mammary glands' synthetic capacity, indicated by the onset of colostrum production that takes place during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers were evaluating the possibility of using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment modality for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (childbirth onset) during a subsequent pregnancy. (lamaze.org)
  • When you browse for this topic online, you usually come across various pages and websites that will give you information about your week by week pregnancy and claim you can predict when you will go into labor. (lifehack.org)
  • Placental CRH participates in the physiology of pregnancy and the onset of labor. (nih.gov)
  • If your urine or swab tests are positive, your provider should consider you as "GBS colonized" for this pregnancy so that you receive IV antibiotics for GBS when labor starts or your water breaks. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • OBJECTIVES: To estimate the association between pain and labor outcomes for adults with CP in Sweden. (lu.se)
  • Individual fixed effects regression models were used to analyze the association between pain and labor outcomes (employment and earnings from employment), as well as potential pathways through which pain might affect employment and. (lu.se)
  • CONCLUSION: Pain management could potentially be important to improve labor outcomes for adults with CP, in addition to improving the quality of life. (lu.se)
  • This Department of Labor-funded study was a result of requirements from section 30206 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, Public Law 115-123 (BBA) and Section 306 of the Social Security Act, which created a permanent authorization for a new tiered-evidence RESEA program. (dol.gov)
  • Staff noted few changes from 2018 to the onset of COVID but indicated interest in more changes. (dol.gov)
  • Using the Department of Homeland Security's guidelines and Bureau of Labor Statistics data, we sized the country's essential workforce at 90 million people in 2018 , the most recent year with complete data. (brookings.edu)
  • In the first strategy, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is offered to women identified as GBS carriers through prenatal screening cultures collected at 35-37 weeks' gestation and to women who develop premature onset of labor or rupture of membranes at less than 37 weeks' gestation. (cdc.gov)
  • Colonized women who experience either a long duration of membrane rupture, premature delivery, or intrapartum fever are at particularly high risk for transmitting GBS infection to their infants during labor and delivery. (cdc.gov)
  • If the mother goes into premature labor before 37 weeks and GBS test results are unavailable, she should be treated with antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Besides providing analgesia in labor, regional analgesia may facilitate atraumatic vaginal delivery of twins, preterm neonates, and neonates with breech presentation. (medscape.com)
  • The purinergic P2X 7 receptor: regulation of uterine function in labour and preterm labour. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The onset of the pandemic in 2020 resulted in the firing and furloughing of labour. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • One only has to recall the infancy of the pandemic to see why employers in a broad range of industries are struggling with historic labor shortages. (theinternationalforecaster.com)
  • And today, the eurozone labor force participation rate has surpassed its pre-pandemic level, while the rate in the U.S. has not, particularly in the government sector. (theinternationalforecaster.com)
  • Even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, agricultural employers were struggling to secure a stable workforce. (usda.gov)
  • The pandemic has led to sharp falls in overall production outlays - mainly from offset - and these jobs are being transferred to large production digital machines like the Onset X3 HS. (fujifilm.com)
  • In a recently published study , our researchers found that healthcare support workers and aides, as well as counselors and those who are directly addressing the mental health needs of others, experienced varying levels of insufficient sleep, depression, and other adverse health conditions , even before the onset of the pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Delayed onset of lactation (DOL) describes the absence of copious milk secretion (onset of lactation) within the first 72 hours following childbirth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The onset of lactation (OL), also referred to as stage II lactogenesis or secretory activation, is one of the three stages of the milk production process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinically, obstetricians may look for biomarkers to determine the onset of lactation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note that delayed onset of lactogenesis II is distinct from low milk supply, where there is a normal onset of lactation, but breast milk is produced in small and insufficient amounts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Delayed onset of lactation can be a result of various factors including pathophysiological, psychological, external, and mixed factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The elevated level of the stress hormone affects the secretion of lactogenic hormones in the mother, which delays the onset of lactation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior studies have documented various aspects of ME/CFS including onset of illness ( 14 , 15 ), symptoms ( 6 ), function ( 16 , 17 ), course ( 18 - 24 ), co-morbidities ( 25 - 29 ), and family history ( 30 - 36 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • At illness onset, frequently reported signs and symptoms include fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue, and shortness of breath. (cdc.gov)
  • Three opportunities for screening were considered in isolation and in combination: by 14 weeks gestation, at the onset of labor, or of the infant after birth. (uiowa.edu)
  • The benefits of screening after 14 weeks gestation but before the onset of labor were also not addressed. (uiowa.edu)
  • Implement hard stop policies to prevent elective induction of labor prior to 39 weeks gestation. (birthtools.org)
  • The latest labour force survey for April 2023 is expected to be published in August. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • To further advance its automated printing capabilities, the company invested in an Onset X3 HS with full automation from Fujifilm which was installed in June 2021. (fujifilm.com)
  • WASHINGTON, September 21, 2022 - The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is gathering input to help shape a recently announced planned grant program focused on improving the resiliency of our food and agricultural supply chain by addressing labor shortages in agriculture, reducing irregular migration through increased use of legal pathways, and improving labor protections for farmworkers. (usda.gov)
  • USDA's Farm Service Agency (FSA) will hold three virtual listening sessions on Sept. 28-29 for the new farm labor stabilization and protection pilot grant program, which the Biden-Harris administration announced earlier this year as part of the Los Angeles Declaration on Migration and Protection. (usda.gov)
  • Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a simulated heat-wave on the labour productivity and physiological strain experienced by workers. (mdpi.com)
  • Prenatal-onset GBS disease (POGBSD) occurs in the womb and includes miscarriages and stillbirths caused by group B strep. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • POGBSD occurs before a woman's labor starts or her water breaks, when early-onset prevention strategies (IV antibiotics) would not yet be implemented. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), in partnership with states and local entities, provides these services through the UI system, the Wagner-Peyser Act Employment Service, and the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) programs. (bls.gov)
  • Since the onset of COVID-19, we've been studying the size and composition of the country's essential workforce. (brookings.edu)
  • Labor Day is an important reminder of the impact of the U.S. workforce and of our vision for safer, healthier workers. (cdc.gov)
  • The value set contains the list of values used to indicate serious complications experienced by the mother associated with labor and delivery. (cdc.gov)
  • The labour force hovered at July 2022, with the unemployment rate then estimated at 6.6 per cent, according to the latest data published by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • The researchers worked with three women who experienced traumatic births, were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (childbirth onset) and were now subsequently pregnant again. (lamaze.org)
  • Has labor begun or have membranes ruptured? (cdc.gov)
  • 1 Rates of induction of labor and planned cesarean have increased dramatically in recent years, and much of this increase is driven by elective or non-medically supported indications. (birthtools.org)
  • When induction of labor is required for a medical indication, to reduce the risk of performing an unnecessary cesarean secondary to a failed induction, allow longer durations of the latent phase (up to 24 hours or longer) and require that oxytocin be administered for at least 12 18 hours after membrane rupture before deeming the induction a failure and performing a cesarean. (birthtools.org)
  • Stress levels can be influenced by factors including the way of labor, duration of labor and degree of post-surgical pain after a cesarean surgery (c-section). (wikipedia.org)
  • Unscheduled cesarean delivery and long labor duration place excessive pressure on the mother and the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
  • After a 17 hour labor and an unsuccessful vacuum extraction, she underwent an emergency cesarean section. (lamaze.org)
  • An infant born by cesarean delivery is at risk of having excessive pulmonary fluid as a result of not having experienced all of the stages of labor and subsequent lack of appropriate catecholamine surge, which results in low release of counter-regulatory hormones at delivery. (medscape.com)
  • Cesarean delivery is associated with increased risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn regardless of whether the cesarean delivery was preceded by labor or not. (medscape.com)
  • Labor prior to cesarean delivery is not protective of transient tachypnea of the newborn. (medscape.com)
  • Velvovski showed that obstetric psychoprophylaxis was a useful substitute for poorly administered labor anesthesia of the era. (medscape.com)
  • And finally ends with infection prevention and considerations related to inpatient obstetric care settings such as labor and delivery. (cdc.gov)
  • The mean duration of the first and second stages of labour were not significantly different in the study group (146.2 and 30.7 min respectively) compared with the control group (146.7 and 29.8 min). (who.int)
  • The results of an observational study demonstrated that induced labor was associated with increased use of epidural or opioid analgesia. (birthtools.org)
  • The use of epidural analgesia for labor has grown significantly over the past decades in the United States, and most women now request anesthesia services for the management of pain during labor. (medscape.com)
  • The United States and some other OECD countries adopted fiscal stimulus packages soon after the onset of the crisis. (bls.gov)
  • Near the end of the first stage of labor, the fetal head begins to descend, causing perineal distention and activating somatic nociceptive pathways. (medscape.com)
  • As labor progresses, the descent of fetal head and subsequent pressure on the pelvic floor, vagina, and perineum, generates somatic pain, which is transmitted by the pudendal nerve (S2-4). (medscape.com)
  • Additionally in China, acute respiratory distress syndrome developed in 20% to 30% of hospitalized patients with pneumonia, with a median time of eight days from symptom onset to respiratory distress. (cdc.gov)
  • This is why the only effective technique against early-onset GBS infection in newborns is an intrapartum antibiotic IV. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • Now that demand has boomeranged, the industry is racing to fill that labor gap, with significant staffing shortages fueling long delays and flight cancellations for air travelers. (theinternationalforecaster.com)
  • This isn't to say that Europe isn't immune to labor shortages of its own. (theinternationalforecaster.com)
  • Driving U.S. economic recovery and safeguarding domestic food security by addressing current labor shortages in agriculture. (usda.gov)
  • Obstetricians have divided labor into 3 stages that delineate milestones in a continuous process. (medscape.com)
  • When I was outside the labour room I could hear screams of women in labour and that literally freaked me out for real. (pregnancyvoyage.com)
  • Provide prenatal education to women to increase awareness of the possible benefits and harms and evidence-based indications for induced labor. (birthtools.org)
  • Although the average age of onset is in the 30 s and women are affected at two to three times the rate of men, CFS can occur at any age, also strikes children, and, contrary to its early nickname, "yuppie flu," may disproportionately affect certain ethnic minorities as well as lower socio-economic classes ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Approximately 60% of laboring women (2.4 million each year) choose regional analgesia for pain relief during labor. (medscape.com)
  • CERVIDIL is a prostaglandin analog indicated for the initiation and/or continuation of cervical ripening in pregnant women at or near term in whom there is a medical or obstetrical indication for the induction of labor. (drugs.com)
  • In the second strategy, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is provided to women who develop one or more risk conditions at the time of labor or membrane rupture. (cdc.gov)
  • 7. Ante Natal Care - care provided to pregnant women from conception to onset of labour. (who.int)
  • If the bacteria are detected, women are given antibiotics through a vein during labor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • test every pregnant woman for the presence of the bacterium at 36-37 weeks, and if found, administer an antibiotic IV as soon as their water breaks or labor begins. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • Use cervical ripening methods of labor induction for a woman with an unfavorable cervix. (birthtools.org)
  • Laboring patients must be educated about the different available methods of labor analgesia. (medscape.com)
  • Many pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of labor analgesia have been adopted over the years. (medscape.com)
  • C-sections may not completely prevent GBS infection although, according to the CDC, the risk of early-onset infection for a full term baby during a planned C-section is extremely low if performed before your labor starts and before your water breaks. (groupbstrepinternational.org)
  • Only opioids could be used for labor analgesia in these situations, as they do not decrease systemic vascular resistance. (medscape.com)
  • The labor force participation rate is currently at a level not seen since the 1970s - 63.4 percent. (powerlineblog.com)
  • The ministries of tourism, and labour and social security are separately conducting research on Jamaica's labour market, with a focus on the availability of skills in growing areas. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • Economist Paul Gruenwald at S&P Global Ratings observes, "[W]hen the economy rebounded, they could jump back toward full employment with minimal inflation in the labor market. (theinternationalforecaster.com)
  • In the U.S., we let the market clear, and we have had a really difficult time reassembling the labor market in a non-inflationary fashion. (theinternationalforecaster.com)
  • Labour market consequences of cerebral palsy in Sweden: Essays on the impact of an early-onset disability. (lu.se)
  • The initial assessment of labor should include a review of the patient's prenatal care, including confirmation of the estimated date of delivery. (medscape.com)
  • But I can confidently say that both ways of birth are painful painful in their own way, when I was in labor I felt pain in my back mostly, and in my lower abdomen, but I can confidently say that both ways of birth are painful in their own way. (pregnancyvoyage.com)
  • Maybe I was in back labour as they say maybe I was not but I would really really recommend anyone have going on natural birth to tell their partner to give them a warm back rub. (pregnancyvoyage.com)
  • Your body starts preparing for labor up to a month before you give birth. (lifehack.org)
  • 7 As a result, induction of labor typically involves many co-interventions, including continuous internal or external fetal monitoring and intravenous lines. (birthtools.org)
  • 8 Thus, induction of labor is frequently the start of a cascade of interventions that transforms a physiologic event into a high-tech, medicalized, care experience. (birthtools.org)
  • It has fallen about 2.7 percentage points since the onset of the latest recession. (powerlineblog.com)
  • Luckily for the Dodsons, individuals with early-onset Alzheimer's are automatically eligible to receive expedited Social Security benefits, though the amount was a fraction of their dual income. (workforce.com)
  • Unemployed workers seeking reemployment relied heavily on unemployment insurance (UI), labor exchange and other reemployment services, and job training. (bls.gov)
  • While the unemployment rate has steadily decreased from its high of 10.0 percent in October of 2009 to 7.4 percent in July of 2013, the percentage of Americans in the labor force has not risen. (powerlineblog.com)
  • By contrast, the U.S. relied on expanded federal unemployment benefits and direct income support, while small firms had labor costs covered through the Payroll Protection Program loans. (theinternationalforecaster.com)
  • The grant program will use up to $65 million in American Rescue Plan Act funding to provide support for agricultural employers in implementing robust labor standards to promote a safe, healthy work environment for both U.S. workers and workers hired from northern Central American countries under the seasonal H-2A visa program. (usda.gov)
  • Remove upon onset of active labor or 12 hours after insertion. (drugs.com)
  • Because labor induction involves use of a high-alert medication and carries heightened risk of iatrogenic harm, close monitoring of the woman and fetus is warranted. (birthtools.org)