Morphology of the feeding system in agamid lizards: ecological correlates. (1/71)
The interaction of organismal design with ecology, and its evolutionary development are the subject of many functional and ecomorphological studies. Many studies have shown that the morphology and mechanics of the masticatory apparatus in mammals are adapted to diet. To investigate the relations between diet and the morphological and physiological properties of the lizard jaw system, a detailed analysis of the structure of the jaw apparatus was undertaken in the insectivorous lizard Plocederma stellio and in closely related herbivorous lizards of the genus Uromastix. The morphological and physiological properties of the jaw system in P. stellio and U. aegyptius were studied by means of dissections, light microscopy, histochemical characterisations, and in vivo stimulation experiments. The skull of Uromastix seems to be built for forceful biting (high, short snout). Additionally, the pterygoid muscle is modified in P. stellio, resulting in an additional force component during static biting. Stimulation experiments indicate that jaw muscles in both species are fast, which is supported by histochemical stainings. However, the oxidative capacity of the jaw muscles is larger in Uromastix. Contraction characteristics and performance of the feeding system (force output) are clearly thermally dependent. We conclude that several characteristics of the jaw system (presence of extra portion of the pterygoid muscle, large oxidative capacity of jaw muscles) in Uromastix may be attributed to its herbivorous diet. Jaw muscles, however, are still faster than expected. This is presumably the result of trade-offs between the thermal characteristics of the jaw adductors and the herbivorous lifestyle of these animals. (+info)The phylogenetic position of the Talpidae within eutheria based on analysis of complete mitochondrial sequences. (2/71)
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the mole Talpa europaea was sequenced and included in phylogenetic analyses together with another lipotyphlan (insectivore) species, the hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus, and 22 other eutherian species plus three outgroup taxa (two marsupials and a monotreme). The phylogenetic analyses reconstructed a sister group relationship between the mole and fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis (order Chiroptera). The Talpa/Artibeus clade constitutes a sister clade of the cetferungulates, a clade including Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, and Carnivora. A monophyletic relationship between the hedgehog and the mole was significantly rejected by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. Consistent with current systematic schemes, analyses of complete cytochrome b genes including the shrew Sorex araneus (family Soricidae) revealed a close relationship between Talpidae and Soricidae. The analyses of complete mtDNAs, along with the findings of other insectivore studies, challenge the maintenance of the order Lipotyphla as a taxonomic unit and support the elevation of the Soricomorpha (with the families Talpidae and Soricidae and possibly also the Solenodontidae and Tenrecidae) to the level of an order, as previously proposed in some morphological studies. (+info)Salmonellosis in wild mammals. (3/71)
One thousand two hundred and sixty-nine freeliving, wild mammals, representative of 16 species from estates in Berkshire, Oxfordshire and Surrey, were examined for the presence of salmonellas. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 1 and S. dublin from 7 house mice (Mus musculus). There were no isolations from the other species examined. It was concluded that the house-mice infected with S. dublin acquired the organism from experimentally infected cattle. The wild mammal population does not at present appear to constitute a reservior for infection of domestic animals. (+info)The evolution of the thyroid hormone distributor protein transthyretin in the order insectivora, class mammalia. (4/71)
Thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism in all vertebrates. Transthyretin is one of the extracellular proteins with high affinity for thyroid hormones which determine the partitioning of these hormones between extracellular compartments and intracellular lipids. During vertebrate evolution, both the tissue pattern of expression and the structure of the gene for transthyretin underwent characteristic changes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the position of Insectivora in the evolution of transthyretin in eutherians, a subclass of Mammalia. Transthyretin was identified by thyroxine binding and Western analysis in the blood of adult shrews, hedgehogs, and moles. Transthyretin is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, similar to the situation for other adult eutherians, birds, and diprotodont marsupials, but different from that for adult fish, amphibians, reptiles, monotremes, and Australian polyprotodont marsupials. For the characterization of the structure of the gene and the processing of mRNA for transthyretin, cDNA libraries were prepared from RNA from hedgehog and shrew livers, and full-length cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced. Sections of genomic DNA in the regions coding for the splice sites between exons 1 and 2 were synthesized by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The location of splicing was deduced from comparison of genomic with cDNA nucleotide sequences. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of the transthyretin gene during evolution are most pronounced in the region coding for the N-terminal region of the protein. Both the derived overall amino sequences and the N-terminal regions of the transthyretins in Insectivora were found to be very similar to those in other eutherians but differed from those found in marsupials, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Also, the pattern of transthyretin precursor mRNA splicing in Insectivora was more similar to that in other eutherians than to that in marsupials, reptiles, and birds. Thus, in contrast to the marsupials, with a different pattern of transthyretin gene expression in the evolutionarily "older" polyprotodonts compared with the evolutionarily "younger" diprotodonts, no separate lineages of transthyretin evolution could be identified in eutherians. We conclude that transthyretin gene expression in the liver of adult eutherians probably appeared before the branching of the lineages leading to modern eutherian species. (+info)First case of human rabies in chile caused by an insectivorous bat virus variant. (5/71)
The first human rabies case in Chile since 1972 occurred in March 1996 in a patient without history of known exposure. Antigenic and genetic characterization of the rabies isolate indicated that its reservoir was the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. This is the first human rabies case caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant reported in Latin America. (+info)Evolutionary coherence of the mammalian amygdala. (6/71)
Despite great interest in the role of the amygdala in animal and human behaviour, its very existence as a structurally and functionally unified brain component has been questioned, on the grounds that cell groups within it display divergent pharmacological and connectional characteristics. We argue that the question of whether particular brain nuclei constitute a valid structural and functional unit is inherently an evolutionary question, and we present a method for answering it. The method involves phylogenetic analysis of comparative data to determine whether or not separate regions of the putative brain structure show statistically correlated evolution. We find that, in three separate groups of mammals (primates and two groups of insectivores), evolutionary changes in the volumes of amygdala components are strongly correlated, even after controlling for volumetric change in a wide range of limbic and other brain structures. This allows us to reject the strong claim that the amygdala is neither a structural nor a functional unit, and demonstrates the importance of evolutionary analysis in resolving such issues in systems neuroscience. (+info)The phylogenetic relationships of insectivores with special reference to the lesser hedgehog tenrec as inferred from the complete sequence of their mitochondrial genome. (7/71)
The complete mitochondrial genome of a lesser hedgehog tenrec Echinops telfairi was determined in this study. It is an endemic African insectivore that is found specifically in Madagascar. The tenrec's back is covered with hedgehog-like spines. Unlike other spiny mammals, such as spiny mice, spiny rats, spiny dormice and porcupines, lesser hedgehog tenrecs look amazingly like true hedgehogs (Erinaceidae). However, they are distinguished morphologically from hedgehogs by the absence of a jugal bone. We determined the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of a lesser hedgehog tenrec and analyzed the results phylogenetically to determine the relationships between the tenrec and other insectivores (moles, shrews and hedgehogs), as well as the relationships between the tenrec and endemic African mammals, classified as Afrotheria, that have recently been shown by molecular analysis to be close relatives of the tenrec. Our data confirmed the afrotherian status of the tenrec, and no direct relation was recovered between the tenrec and the hedgehog. Comparing our data with those of others, we found that within-species variations in the mitochondrial DNA of lesser hedgehog tenrecs appear to be the largest recognized to date among mammals, apart from orangutans, which might be interesting from the view point of evolutionary history of tenrecs on Madagascar. (+info)Fine structural changes in the epididymal epithelium of moles (Talpa europaea) throughout the year. (8/71)
The epididymis of the European mole (Talpa europaea) was studied by light and electron microscopy. In the sexually active animal, spermatozoa mature during their passage through the epididymis and the structure of the cells lining the duct suggests a clear regional division into initial, middle and terminal segments. Numerous intra-epithelial vesicles were present in the distal part of the middle segment of sexually active moles and the lining epithelium in the terminal segment appeared to be secretory. Variation in the sensitivity of different regions of the epididymis to androgens was apparent: the principal cells of the initial segment were morphologically active only during the peak of the breeding season in spring, while the cells of the terminal segment became active earlier and remained so for longer. During sexual regression, many autophagic vacuoles were found in the principal cells, and these became transformed into lipofuscin pigment granules. Cells heavily laden with these granules appeared concurrently in the lining epithelium. It is suggested that such cells may be involved in the regression of principal cells by means of heterophagic activity. A similar situation was also observed, but to a lesser extent, at the beginning of the breeding season. Outside the breeding season, the organelles of the principal cells were poorly developed throughout the epididymis, and lipofuscin pigment granules remained in the principal and basal cells of adults. Such granules were seldom seen in immature animals. (+info)'Insectivora' is an outdated taxonomic grouping that was once used to classify small, insect-eating mammals. This order included shrews, moles, hedgehogs, and several other related species. However, modern molecular evidence has revealed that this grouping is not monophyletic, meaning it does not include all descendants of a common ancestor. As a result, the order Insectivora is no longer recognized in current taxonomy. Instead, these animals are now classified into several different orders based on their evolutionary relationships.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "shrews" is not a medical term. It is a common name used in zoology to refer to small mammals that are part of the family Soricidae and the suborder Soricomorpha. Shrews are insectivores, distantly related to moles and hedgehogs. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help!
Insectivora
Creodonta
Taita shrew
List of mammals of Bhutan
List of fungi of South Africa - C
Bat as food
Desman
Desert long-eared bat
Silveirinha Formation
Navajovius
Taxonomy of the vertebrates (Young, 1962)
Panthera pardus tulliana
Jackson's mongoose
European wildcat
Scottish wildcat
Soricomorpha
Caucasian badger
Palaeanodonta
Avivore
Insular mole
Shinto shrew
1907 in Scotland
La Touche's mole
Lignites de Soissonais
Secundates
Brown bear
Insectivore
Urotrichini
Four-toed hedgehog
Elliot's short-tailed shrew
Insectivora - Wikipedia
Origin and evolution of Western European moles (genus Talpa, Insectivora): a multidisciplinary approach
On the classification of early Tertiary Erinaceomorpha (Insectivora, Mammalia). American Museum novitates ; no. 2813
Microsatellite conservation, polymorphism, and GC content in shrews of the genus Sorex (Insectivora, Mammalia) - ePrints Soton
Distribució de Galemys pyrenaicus (Insectivora, Talpidae) a Catalunya - Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Examples of 'Insectivora' in a Sentence | YourDictionary.com
Service - Insectivora
कीटकाहारी गण (Order insectivora) - मराठी विश्वकोश
Insectivora - shrews, moles, hedgehogs | Wildlife Journal Junior
Mammalia Volume 60 Issue 1
Smoky Shrew
Table - Studies of Reservoir Hosts for Marburg Virus - Volume 13, Number 12-December 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
mole
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Eisentraut's shrew | Crocidura eisentrauti facts
Kjötungar - Wikipedia, frjálsa alfræðiritið
Repbase Reports - 2010, Volume 10, Issue 12 - LTR23 EE
Nyctithere postcrania
First finding of Ityogonimus lorum and I. ocreatus co-infection in the Iberian mole, Talpa occidentalis
ION: Index to Organism Names
Rediscovery of the type series of the Sacred Shrew, Sorex religiosus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826, with additional notes...
Sorex
Lingua Terrae Books at antiqbook.com
November 2018 - The Whatcom Museum
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Details - Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta - Biodiversity Heritage Library
Irish Statute Book
Mammalia1
- On the classification of early Tertiary Erinaceomorpha (Insectivora, Mammalia). (amnh.org)
Chiroptera2
- We examined patterns in similarities of body mass distributions among five clades of small-bodied endothermic vertebrates (Passeriformes, Apodiformes + Trochiliformes, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Rodentia) to examine the extent to which these distributions are congruent among the clades that fly as opposed to those that do not fly. (evolutionary-ecology.com)
- However, the other clade of flying species (Apodiformes + Trochiliformes) was less similar to either Passeriformes or Chiroptera than was the Insectivora, which is inconsistent with the pattern expected if body size distributions were influenced by constraints of flight. (evolutionary-ecology.com)
Soricidae2
- ORDER EULIPOTYPHLA (remnant of 'Insectivora') Family Erinaceidae Subfamily Erinaceinae: hedgehogs Subfamily Hylomyinae: moonrats and gymnures Family Soricidae Subfamily Crocidurinae: white-toothed shrews Subfamily Soricinae: red-toothed shrews Subfamily Myosoricinae: African white-toothed shrews Family Talpidae Subfamily Desmaninae: desmans Subfamily Talpinae: moles Subfamily Uropsilinae: shrew moles Family Solenodontidae: solenodons Family Nesophontidae: extinct West Indian shrews Family-level cladogram of extant insectivoran relationships, following Roca et al. (wikipedia.org)
- The Insectivora (except a few shrews which have entered from the north) are absent from South America, and appear to have been mainly an Old World group, the only forms which have entered North America being the shrew-mice (Soricidae) and moles (Talpidae). (yourdictionary.com)
Talpidae4
- Patterns of geographic variation of Talpa romana Thomas (Insectivora, Talpidae). (degruyter.com)
- Helminthic community of the dwarf mole, Talpa occidentalis Cabrera, 1907 (Insectivora: Talpidae), in Iberian Peninsula. (degruyter.com)
- The helminth community of Talpa romana (Thomas, 1902) (Insectivora, Talpidae) in southern Italy. (degruyter.com)
- Helminths of Talpa europaea (Insectivora, Talpidae) in southwestern Europe. (degruyter.com)
Moles4
- These families have been placed within Insectivora in the past: Family Chrysochloridae (golden moles) Family Tenrecidae (tenrecs) Family Potamogalidae (otter shrews) Family Macroscelididae (elephant shrews) Family Tupaiidae (true treeshrews) Family Ptilocercidae (pen-tailed treeshrew) Family Cynocephalidae (colugos) Not to be confused with insectivores (the eaters of insects considered as a feeding behavior), many of which do not belong to Eulipotyphla or the other taxa formerly included within Insectivora. (wikipedia.org)
- Anna Loy , Paolo Colangelo , Flavia Annesi , and Ernesto Capanna "Origin and evolution of Western European moles (genus Talpa , Insectivora): a multidisciplinary approach," Mammal Study 30(sp1), (1 December 2005). (bioone.org)
- Of the Insectivora numerous forms of moles, shrews and hedgehogs prevail. (yourdictionary.com)
- Moles are not rodents but belong to the mammalian Order Insectivora. (ufl.edu)
Sorex2
- Among the Insectivora , the alpine shrew (Sorex alpinus) is restricted to the Alps. (yourdictionary.com)
- Within this very short time were recorded the Insectivora Sorex caecutiens and Sorex tundrensis . (bepress.com)
Mammals4
- The order Insectivora (from Latin insectum "insect" and vorare "to eat") is a now-abandoned biological grouping within the class of mammals. (wikipedia.org)
- The same conclusion is indicated by the absence from the Moluccas and Celebes of various other Mammals, Quadrumana, Carnivora, Insectivora and Ruminants, which abound in the western part of the Archipelago. (yourdictionary.com)
- Most of the earliest known mammals appear to be related to the Marsupialia and Insectivora . (yourdictionary.com)
- The term also refers to mammals of the former order Insectivora, in which was included the shrew , mole , hedgehog , tenrec , and solenodon . (infoplease.com)
Carnivora1
- The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
- Two of her paintings, Carnival Insectivora and Reliquary for Rabb's Frog, were included in the Museum's exhibition Endangered Species: Artists on the Front Line of Biodiversity . (whatcommuseum.org)
Wikimedia Commons1
- Afroinsectiphilia Lipotyphla, a taxon proposed to replace part of Insectivora but later superseded by Eulipotyphla Wikimedia Commons has media related to Insectivora. (wikipedia.org)
Crocidura1
- Insectivora: Sorcidae ( Crocidura spp. (cdc.gov)
Order4
- Therefore, at its widest extent, the order Insectivora represented an evolutionary grade rather than a clade. (wikipedia.org)
- and flat scutes, with the edges in apposition, and not overlaid, clothe both surfaces of the tail of the beaver, rats and certain other members of the rodent order, and also of some insectivora and marsupials. (yourdictionary.com)
- This order was once called the Insectivora order. (nhpbs.org)
- Tenrecs (scaly ant eaters) of the order Insectivora have rudimentary pentadactyl arms. (tutorialspoint.com)
Madagascar1
- A lemur and one of the curious hedgehog-like Insectivora of Madagascar (Centetes ecaudatus) have probably both been brought from the larger island. (yourdictionary.com)
Marsupials2
- As regards the affinities of the creatures to which these jaws belonged, Professor Osborn has referred the Triconodontidae and Amphitheriidae, together with the Curtodontidae (as represented by the English Purbeck Curtodon), to a primitive group of marsupials, while he has assigned the Amblotheriidae and Stylacodontidae to an ancestral assemblage of Insectivora . (yourdictionary.com)
- Be this as it may, there can be little doubt that the creodonts are related to the Insectivora , which, as stated above, show decided signs of kinship with the marsupials. (yourdictionary.com)
Golden1
- The most interesting of the endemic insectivora is the Chrysochloris or " golden mole," so called from the brilliant yellow lustre of its fur. (yourdictionary.com)
Eulipotyphla3
- ORDER EULIPOTYPHLA (remnant of 'Insectivora') Family Erinaceidae Subfamily Erinaceinae: hedgehogs Subfamily Hylomyinae: moonrats and gymnures Family Soricidae Subfamily Crocidurinae: white-toothed shrews Subfamily Soricinae: red-toothed shrews Subfamily Myosoricinae: African white-toothed shrews Family Talpidae Subfamily Desmaninae: desmans Subfamily Talpinae: moles Subfamily Uropsilinae: shrew moles Family Solenodontidae: solenodons Family Nesophontidae: extinct West Indian shrews Family-level cladogram of extant insectivoran relationships, following Roca et al. (wikipedia.org)
- These families have been placed within Insectivora in the past: Family Chrysochloridae (golden moles) Family Tenrecidae (tenrecs) Family Potamogalidae (otter shrews) Family Macroscelididae (elephant shrews) Family Tupaiidae (true treeshrews) Family Ptilocercidae (pen-tailed treeshrew) Family Cynocephalidae (colugos) Not to be confused with insectivores (the eaters of insects considered as a feeding behavior), many of which do not belong to Eulipotyphla or the other taxa formerly included within Insectivora. (wikipedia.org)
- Afroinsectiphilia Lipotyphla, a taxon proposed to replace part of Insectivora but later superseded by Eulipotyphla Wikimedia Commons has media related to Insectivora. (wikipedia.org)
Rodentia1
- The purpose of the paper: Revealing of the biological and ecological peculiarities of the species of the Rodentia and Insectivora orders for the determination of small mammals with major epidemiological potential and their importance in the formation and maintenance of leptospirosis outbreaks. (cnaa.md)
Talpa1
- 19. Descriptive kinetics of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and genome size in the mole Talpa occidentalis (Insectivora). (nih.gov)
Erinaceus1
- Erinaceus europaeus}}) īr nedėdlis žėndoulis, katros prėklausa vabzdejiediu (''Insectivora'') būriō. (wikipedia.org)
Mammal1
- Both families were once placed into the mammal order Insectivora , but Insectivora allegedly is no longer recognized as a natural group. (sott.net)
Evolutionary1
- Therefore, at its widest extent, the order Insectivora represented an evolutionary grade rather than a clade. (wikipedia.org)
Group1
- 1976. Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas, Vieja Group, Trans-Pecos Texas: Insectivora. (mineralienatlas.de)
Orders1
- These two orders then replaced Insectivora. (wikipedia.org)