Polymeric derivatives of GALLIC ACID that are esters of a sugar.
Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.
A plant family of the order THEALES, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida, best known for CAMELLIA SINENSIS, which is the source of Oriental TEA.
A plant genus of the family COMBRETACEAE. Members contain arjunin, an ellagitannin (TANNINS).
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.
Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions.

Dentinal tubule occlusion with lanthanum fluoride and powdered apatite glass ceramics in vitro. (1/226)

To simulate hypersensitive dentin, the smear layer and dentinal plugs of bovine root dentin specimens were removed by immersion in 10% phosphoric acid, polishing with hydroxyapatite particles, and ultrasonic cleansing. The fluoride-tannic acid-lanthanum-apatite (FTLA) group was treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) containing tannic acid followed by rubbing with a paste of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and powdered apatite glass ceramics. The treated specimens were immersed in a remineralizing solution that mimics saliva for 6 weeks. The SEM observations revealed that the treated surfaces of the FTLA group were completely covered with fine spherical compounds and the dentinal tubules were occluded with plugs to a depth of about 3 microns. Fluoride and lanthanum were detected to a depth of over 20 microns by EPMA observation. After the remineralization, the surface of FTLA-treated specimen did not have any opened tubules and showed a remarkable increase in the number of fine spherical deposits in the dentinal tubules. These results suggest that the reaction products produced by sequential treatment with acidic fluoride and LaCl3 and powdered apatite glass ceramics are able to effectively occlude dentinal tubules.  (+info)

Flavan-containing cells delimit Frankia-infected compartments in Casuarina glauca nodules. (2/226)

We investigated the involvement of polyphenols in the Casuarina glauca-Frankia symbiosis. Histological analysis revealed a cell-specific accumulation of phenolics in C. glauca nodule lobes, creating a compartmentation in the cortex. Histochemical and biochemical analyses indicated that these phenolic compounds belong to the flavan class of flavonoids. We show that the same compounds were synthesized in nodules and uninfected roots. However, the amount of each flavan was dramatically increased in nodules compared with uninfected roots. The use of in situ hybridization established that chalcone synthase transcripts accumulate in flavan-containing cells at the apex of the nodule lobe. Our findings are discussed in view of the possible role of flavans in plant-microbe interactions.  (+info)

Polyphenol tannic acid inhibits hydroxyl radical formation from Fenton reaction by complexing ferrous ions. (3/226)

Tannic acid (TA), a plant polyphenol, has been described as having antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant activities. Since it is a potent chelator of iron ions, we decided to examine if the antioxidant activity of TA is related to its ability to chelate iron ions. The degradation of 2-deoxyribose induced by 6 microM Fe(II) plus 100 microM H2O2 was inhibited by TA, with an I50 value of 13 microM. Tannic acid was over three orders of magnitude more efficient in protecting against 2-deoxyribose degradation than classical *OH scavengers. The antioxidant potency of TA was inversely proportional to Fe(II) concentration, demonstrating a competition between H2O2 and AT for reaction with Fe(II). On the other hand, the efficiency of TA was nearly unchanged with increasing concentrations of the *OH detector molecule, 2-deoxyribose. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of TA is mainly due to iron chelation rather than *OH scavenging. TA also inhibited 2-deoxyribose degradation mediated by Fe(III)-EDTA (iron = 50 microM) plus ascorbate. The protective action of TA was significantly higher with 50 microM EDTA than with 500 microM EDTA, suggesting that TA removes Fe(III) from EDTA and forms a complex with iron that cannot induce *OH formation. We also provided evidence that TA forms a stable complex with Fe(II), since excess ferrozine (14 mM) recovered 95-96% of the Fe(II) from 10 microM TA even after a 30-min exposure to 100-500 microM H2O2. Addition of Fe(III) to samples containing TA caused the formation of Fe(II)n-TA, complexes, as determined by ferrozine assays, indicating that TA is also capable of reducing Fe(III) ions. We propose that when Fe(II) is complexed to TA, it is unable to participate in Fenton reactions and mediate *OH formation. The antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of TA, described elsewhere, may be explained (at least in part) by its capacity to prevent Fenton reactions.  (+info)

Beta-carotene and inhibitors of iron absorption modify iron uptake by Caco-2 cells. (4/226)

A National fortification program instituted in Venezuela in 1993 reduced iron deficiency and anemia by half in only 1 y. The fortification mixture contained ferrous fumarate, vitamin A and other vitamins. We conducted experiments to characterize ferrous fumarate uptake by Caco-2 cells. Increasing amounts of ferrous fumarate, vitamin A, phytate, tannic acid and beta-carotene were added to incubation mixtures using a range of concentrations that included the molar ratios used in the Venezuelan fortification program. Cells were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with 37 kBq (59)Fe and the compound to be evaluated. They were then rinsed, trypsinized and counted to measure uptake. Effects of ascorbic acid, days in culture and use of flasks or inserts were also evaluated. Optimal conditions for uptake experiments were pH 5.5, in the presence of ascorbic acid and at 16 d in culture. Use of flasks or inserts did not affect uptake. Vitamin A did not significantly increase iron uptake under the experimental conditions employed. However, beta-carotene (6 micromol/L) significantly increased iron uptake compared to no beta-carotene addition (114.9 +/- 6.3 and 47.2 +/- 5.9 pmol/mg cell protein, respectively). Moreover, in the presence of phytates or tannic acid, beta-carotene generally overcame the inhibitory effects of both compounds depending on their concentrations. We conclude that beta-carotene improves iron uptake and overcomes the inhibition by potent inhibitors of iron absorption. These experiments also validated the usefulness of Caco-2 cell model system to evaluate iron metabolism.  (+info)

Tumor necrosis factor-induced lethal hepatitis: pharmacological intervention with verapamil, tannic acid, picotamide and K76COOH. (5/226)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces hepatitis when injected in human beings or in rodents. The molecular mechanism by which TNF induces hepatic distress remains largely unknown, although induction of apoptosis of hepatocytes appears to be an essential step. In order to increase the therapeutic value of TNF, we have studied the protective activity of several molecules and found that four chemically totally different substances confer significant protection in the model of TNF-induced lethal hepatitis in mice sensitized with D-(+)-galactosamine (GalN), but not in mice sensitized with actinomycin-D (ActD) or against anti-Fas-induced lethal hepatitis. Verapamil, a calcium-channel blocker, tannic acid, picotamide, a thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonist, and K76COOH, an inhibitor, amongst others, of complement, protected significantly against induction of lethality, release of the liver-specific enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and induction of apoptosis in the liver after TNF/GalN, except for K76COOH, which paradoxically increased ALT values after challenge, and which also protected against TNF/GalN in complement-deficient mice. The data suggest that activation of platelets and neutrophils, as well as induction of inflammation occur in the TNF/GalN model, but not in the TNF/ActD or anti-Fas models, in which direct induction of apoptosis of hepatocytes may be more relevant. The protective activity of the drugs may lead to an increase in therapeutic value of TNF.  (+info)

Antimutagenicity of the purple pigment, hordeumin, from uncooked barley bran-fermented broth. (6/226)

The novel purple pigment hordeumin, an anthocyanin-tannin pigment, was produced from barley bran-fermented broth. The mutagenicity or antimutagenicity of hordeumin was investigated according to the Ames method, an indication of the safety of food, using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Despite the presence of S-9 mix, hordeumin was not mutagenic. On the other hand, hordeumin effectively decreased a reverse mutation from Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, IQ, and B[a]P. Furthermore, hordeumin also decreased the reverse mutation from dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of grilled beef.  (+info)

Self-regulation of intake of polyethylene glycol by sheep fed diets varying in tannin concentrations. (7/226)

Tannins occur in many plant species, and they often suppress intake by reducing nutrient availability or by causing malaise. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) binds to tannins and may thereby increase the availability of macronutrients and decrease malaise. Supplemental PEG increases intake of tannin-containing plants by sheep, goats, and cattle. Given the strong response to supplemental PEG, we speculated that animals might self-regulate their intake of PEG when offered foods high in tannins. The objective of the first experiment was to determine if the amount of supplemental PEG (0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 g; molecular weight, 3,350) affected intake by lambs of a food (milo-tannin mix) containing 20% quebracho tannin. There was a linear relationship (Y = 272 + 1.2X; R2 = .86; P = .023) between the amount of supplemental PEG ingested and the subsequent intake of milo-tannin food by lambs. The objective of the second experiment was to determine whether lambs self-regulated intake of PEG when fed a ration that contained 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% quebracho tannin and whether they adjusted their intake of PEG when tannin was removed from the diet. There was a positive relationship between the amount of PEG ingested and intake of food and tannin (P = .0001). Lambs fed high-tannin diets ate more PEG than controls (P = .03). Lambs fed the 20% tannin diet ate the most PEG, and controls ate the least PEG. Tannin limited intake of the diets, but PEG attenuated the response to a great degree (P = .065). Immediately after tannin was removed from the ration, lambs that formerly had been fed the 20% tannin ration ate more PEG than lambs fed the other rations (P = .0075). Ten of the lambs (5 from the 20% tannin group, 1 from the 15% tannin, and 2 each from the 10 and 5% groups) continued to eat PEG for 7 d after tannin was removed from their ration. When they were tested again 6 wk after the trial and offered tannin-free diets, their intake of PEG had decreased.  (+info)

Isolation of tannin-degrading lactobacilli from humans and fermented foods. (8/226)

Lactobacilli with tannase activity were isolated from human feces and fermented foods. A PCR-based taxonomic assay revealed that the isolates belong to Lactobacillus plantarum, L. paraplantarum, and L. pentosus. Additional studies on a range of Lactobacillus species from established culture collections confirmed that this enzymatic activity is a phenotypic property common to these three species.  (+info)

Hydrolyzable tannins are a type of tannin that can be broken down or hydrolyzed by water or weak acids into simpler components. They are polyphenolic compounds that can be found in various plants, including fruits, nuts, bark, and leaves. Hydrolyzable tannins are made up of a central core of glucose or other sugars, which are esterified with phenolic acids such as gallic acid or ellagic acid.

When hydrolyzable tannins come into contact with water or weak acids, they undergo hydrolysis, breaking down the ester bonds that link the phenolic acids to the sugar core. This results in the formation of various phenolic compounds, including gallic acid and ellagic acid, as well as sugars.

Hydrolyzable tannins have a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. They are also known to have potential health benefits, such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, they can also have negative effects on human health, particularly when consumed in large quantities, as they can interfere with the absorption of nutrients and cause digestive problems.

Tannins, also known as tannic acid or gallotannins, are a type of polyphenolic biomolecule found in plants. They are most commonly known for their ability to bind to proteins and other organic compounds, forming insoluble complexes. This property is what gives tannins their characteristic astringent taste and is also the basis for their use in traditional medicine and industry.

In the context of human health, tannins have been studied for their potential beneficial effects on various physiological processes, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibition of enzymes involved in cancer development. However, excessive consumption of tannins can also have negative health effects, including stomach irritation, nausea, and liver damage.

Tannins are found in a wide variety of plants, including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, bark, leaves, and roots. They are particularly abundant in certain types of food and beverages, such as red wine, tea, coffee, chocolate, and some herbs and spices. In the medical field, tannins have been used topically for their astringent properties to treat wounds, burns, and skin irritations. However, it is important to note that the evidence supporting the health benefits of tannins is still limited and more research is needed to fully understand their effects on human health.

"Theaceae" is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in botany. It refers to a family of flowering plants that includes the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), as well as other related genera. Theaceae is part of the order Ericales and contains around 20 genera and about 600 species.

The medicinal relevance of Theaceae comes primarily from the tea plant, which has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including digestive disorders, headaches, and fatigue. Green and black teas made from the leaves of Camellia sinensis contain bioactive compounds such as catechins, theaflavins, and thearubigins, which have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential health benefits. However, it's important to note that while some studies suggest possible health advantages of tea consumption, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential therapeutic applications.

"Terminalia" is a term that refers to a genus of flowering plants, rather than having a specific medical definition. The Terminalia genus includes approximately 300 species of trees and shrubs that are native to tropical regions around the world. Some species of Terminalia have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating digestive issues, skin conditions, and infections. However, it's important to note that while some studies suggest that certain Terminalia species may have medicinal properties, more research is needed before they can be recommended as standard treatments. Therefore, it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider before using any herbal remedies or supplements.

A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.

Proanthocyanidins are a type of polyphenolic compound that are found in various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and bark. They are also known as condensed tannins or oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs). These compounds are characterized by their ability to form complex structures through the linkage of flavan-3-ol units.

Proanthocyanidins have been studied for their potential health benefits, which may include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective effects. They have also been shown to have a positive impact on collagen stability, which may contribute to their potential role in promoting skin and joint health.

Foods that are rich in proanthocyanidins include grapes (and red wine), berries, apples, cocoa, and green tea. These compounds can be difficult for the body to absorb, but supplements containing standardized extracts of proanthocyanidins are also available.

It's important to note that while proanthocyanidins have shown promise in laboratory and animal studies, more research is needed to fully understand their potential health benefits and safety profile in humans. As with any supplement, it's always a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider before starting to take proanthocyanidins.

Astringents are substances that cause the contraction of body tissues, particularly the skin and mucous membranes. They have the ability to shrink or constrict proteins in the skin or mucous membrane, leading to a tightening effect. This is often used in various medical and cosmetic applications.

In a medical context, astringents are often used to:

1. Dry up weeping or oozing wounds or sores.
2. Reduce local inflammation.
3. Control bleeding from minor cuts or wounds by constricting the blood vessels.

Commonly used astringent substances include tannins, found in plants like oak bark and witch hazel, as well as aluminum salts, found in some antiperspirants. Astringents are often applied topically in the form of lotions, gels, or solutions. However, they can also be used systemically, although this is less common.

It's important to note that while astringents have therapeutic uses, they can also cause skin irritation and dryness if not used properly. Therefore, it's recommended to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare professional or as directed on the product label.

A hydrolysable tannin or pyrogallol-type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, ... Hydrolysable tannins are hydrolysed by weak acids or weak bases to produce carbohydrate and phenolic acids. Examples of ... Hydrolysable tannins are mixtures of polygalloyl glucoses and/or poly-galloyl quinic acid derivatives containing in between 3 ... Hydrolysable tannins can be extracted from different vegetable plants, such as chestnut wood (Castanea sativa), oak wood ( ...
Part 1. The Chemistry and Antioxidative Effects of Two New Hydrolysable Tannins, Emblicanin A ( Ia) and B (Ib)". ChemInform. 27 ...
Cytotoxic hydrolyzable tannins from Balanophora japonica. Zhi-Hong Jiang, Xiao-Yun Wen, Takashi Tanaka, Shao-Yu Wu, Zhongqiu ... Balanophotannin D is a hydrolyzable tannin found in Balanophora japonica. It contains an oxidized hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) ... Hydrolysable tannins, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
The leaves of the plant contain the hydrolysable tannins nobotanins Q, R, S, and T. It also contains the tetrameric nobotanin S ... "Oligomeric hydrolyzable tannins from Monochaetum multiflorum". Phytochemistry. 65 (3): 359-67. Bibcode:2004PChem..65..359I. doi ...
The hydrolyzable tannins tellimagrandin I, eucalbanin C, 2-O-digalloyl-1,3,4-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 6-O-digalloyl-1,2,3-tri ... Hou, Ai-Jun; Liu, Yan-Ze; Yang, Hui; Lin, Zhong-Wen; Sun, Han-Dong (2000). "Hydrolyzable Tannins and Related Polyphenols ...
Condensed tannins, e.g., quebracho tannin, and Hydrolyzable tannins, e.g., chestnut tannin, appear to be able to substitute a ... They also can contain tannins. In Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruits, tannin is accumulated in the vacuole of tannin ... contain both hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. Nuts vary in the amount of tannins they contain. Some species of acorns of oak ... unlike hydrolysable and condensed tannins, and cannot be used as tanning compounds. Some examples of pseudo tannins and their ...
"Pigs use endogenous proline to cope with acorn (Quercus pubescens Willd.) combined diets high in hydrolysable tannins." ... Oak leaves and acorns contain enough tannin to be toxic to cattle, but pigs are able to digest them safely. Oak timber is ... Oak bark, with its high tannin content, was traditionally used in the Old World for tanning leather. Oak galls were used for ... Humans can eat acorns after leaching out the tannins in water. Oak timber is a strong and hard wood with many uses, such as for ...
... is a hydrolysable tannin. It is a component of some hydrolysable tannins such as mallojaponin. The difference ... 605-609, doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.154 Plant polyphenols: vegetable tannins revisited, page 136 by Edwin Haslam v t e ( ...
... is an hydrolyzable tannin that can be found in Eucalyptus delegatensis, the Alpine ash ( ... a Hydrolyzable Tannin from Combretum glutinosum. Akino Jossang, Jean-Louis Pousset and Bernard Bodo, J. Nat. Prod., 1994, ... Hydrolysable tannins, Heterocyclic compounds with 4 rings, Oxygen heterocycles, Lactones). ...
Combreglutinin, a Hydrolyzable Tannin from Combretum glutinosum. Akino Jossang, Jean-Louis Pousset and Bernard Bodo, J. Nat. ... "Tannin 1-alpha-O-galloylpunicalagin induces the calcium-dependent activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase via the ...
Those tannins are of the hydrolysable type. Gallic acid is the main constituent of tara tannins (53%) and can be easily ... Structure and Oligomers Distribution of Commercial Tara (Caesalpina spinosa) Hydrolysable Tannin. PRO LIGNO Vol. 9 N° 1 2013, ... Quinic acid is also a constituent of the tara tannins. Its tannins are colourless or light making them suitable a premordant in ... Tara spinosa pods are an excellent source of tannins (tara tannins) most commonly used in the manufacture of automotive and ...
Hydrolysable tannins can be found in E. helioscopia. Helioscopinin A (1,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-2,4-(S)- ... Isolation and characterization of helioscopinins and helioscopins, four new hydrolyzable tannins from Euphorbia helioscopia L ... Lee, Seung-Ho; Tanaka, Takashi; Nonaka, Gen-Ichiro; Nishioka, Itsuo (1990). "Tannins and related compounds. XCV. ... can be found together with eight other tannins: corilagin, punicafolin, geraniin, elaeocarpusin, furosin, terchebin, ...
Kurihara, Hideyuki; Kawabata, Jun; Hatano, Mutsuo (1993). "Geraniin, a Hydrolyzable Tannin from Nymphaea tetragona Georgi ( ...
Yang, B; Liu, P (2014). "Composition and biological activities of hydrolyzable tannins of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica". ... Particularly for its content of tannins, P. emblica fruit has a history of use in traditional medicine and is under study for ...
It is formed from hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP) through oxidation of the plant hydrolysable tannins. It is found in ... Correlation of oxidative transformations of hydrolyzable tannins and plant evolution. Takashi Yoshida and Tsutomu Hatano, ...
... is a bioactive chemical of the ellagitannin family of hydrolyzable tannins. This compound shows activity against ...
Castalagin and flavogallonic acid dilactone are hydrolysable tannins found in T. avicennoides. Bògòlanfini, a handmade Malian ...
... is an ellagitannin, a type of hydrolysable tannin. It can be found in Casuarina and Stachyurus species. It is ... Tannins of Casuarina and Stachyurus species. I: Structures of pendunculagin, casuarictin, strictinin, casuarinin, casuariin, ...
Structures of alnusiin and bicornin, new hydrolyzable tannins having a monolactonized tergalloyl group. Yoshida T, Yazaki K, ... Maximilian Nierenstein showed in 1945 that luteic acid was a molecule present in the myrobalanitannin, a tannin found in the ... It is also present in the structure of the tannins alnusiin and bicornin. Nierenstein, M.; Potter, J. (1945). "The distribution ...
Structures of alnusiin and bicornin, new hydrolyzable tannins having a monolactonized tergalloyl group. Yoshida T, Yazaki K, ...
Structures of alnusiin and bicornin, new hydrolyzable tannins having a monolactonized tergalloyl group. Yoshida T, Yazaki K, ... Tannins chemistry by Hagerman A. E. Archived 2013-08-26 at the Wayback Machine (Webarchive template wayback links, Chemical ... "Tannins of Casuarina and Stachyurus species. I: Structures of pendunculagin, casuarictin, strictinin, casuarinin, casuariin, ...
Structures of alnusiin and bicornin, new hydrolyzable tannins having a monolactonized tergalloyl group. Yoshida T, Yazaki K, ...
... tannin is one of the pyrogallol class of tannins (also known as hydrolysable tannin). As it tends to give a brownish ... Hydrolysable chestnut tannins can be used for partial phenol substitution in phenolic resin adhesives production and also for ... Chestnut tannin is obtained by hot-water extraction of chipped wood. It is an ellagic tannin and its main constituents are ... Pizzi, A. (2009). "Polymer structure of commercial hydrolyzable tannins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of- ...
It is rich in gallotannins, a type of hydrolysable tannins. The infestation by Chinese sumac aphids can lead to a gall which is ...
... is an ellagitannin, a type of hydrolysable tannin. It can be found in Myrobalanus chebula (Terminalia chebula), the ...
These tannins are part of the group of hydrolyzable tannins, such as gall tannins. The chemical composition of redoul thus ... These uses are due to the wealth of Coriaria spp tannin, particularly concentrated in the root and the bark of the stem, but ... Moreover, the well-known chemical reaction of tannins with iron salts, producing black precipitates, is the basis for the ... Traditionally, leaves of redoul were intensively collected for their tannin content, for tanning and dyeing purposes. During ...
The bark also contains the hydrolyzable tannins 1,2-di-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-D-glucose, 1-O-digalloyl-3,6 ... Isolation and characterization of five new hydrolyzable tannins from the bark of Mallotus japonicus". Chemical & Pharmaceutical ... doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82451-6. Saijo, R; Nonaka, G; Nishioka, I (1989). "Tannins and related compounds. LXXXIV. ...
... is a hydrolysable tannin found in the bark of Mallotus japonicus. It is more generally present in Geraniales ... Isolation and characterization of five new hydrolyzable tannins from the bark of Mallotus japonicus". Chemical & Pharmaceutical ... Saijo, R; Nonaka, G; Nishioka, I (1989). "Tannins and related compounds. LXXXIV. ...
... is a hydrolysable tannin found in the bark of Mallotus japonicus. This compound contains the moiety ... Isolation and characterization of five new hydrolyzable tannins from the bark of Mallotus japonicus". Chemical & Pharmaceutical ... Saijo, R; Nonaka, G; Nishioka, I (1989). "Tannins and related compounds. LXXXIV. ...
A gallotannin is any of a class of molecules belonging to the hydrolysable tannins. Gallotannins are polymers formed when ...
A hydrolysable tannin or pyrogallol-type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, ... Hydrolysable tannins are hydrolysed by weak acids or weak bases to produce carbohydrate and phenolic acids. Examples of ... Hydrolysable tannins are mixtures of polygalloyl glucoses and/or poly-galloyl quinic acid derivatives containing in between 3 ... Hydrolysable tannins can be extracted from different vegetable plants, such as chestnut wood (Castanea sativa), oak wood ( ...
... foams from a commercial hydrolysable tannin extract, chestnut wood tannin extract, have been prepared to determine what ... Hydrolysable tannin; chestnut tannin; non-isocyanate bio polyurethanes; NIPU; MALDI-ToF; 13C NMR; SEM; bio-based materials ... Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams from a commercial hydrolysable tannin extract, chestnut wood tannin extract, have been ... and part of a hydrolysable tannin are the groups involved in these reactions. The carbohydrate skeleton of the hydrolysable ...
However, an article in 1973 describing 3years industrial application of chestnut hydrolysable tannins during the first oil ... We have extended this old work by using superior phenolic resins formulations and producing phenol-formaldehyde-chestnut tannin ... Chestnut hydrolysable tannins are phenolic materials that have been considered too unreactive to compete in the phenolic resin ... Chestnut hydrolysable tannins are phenolic materials that have been considered too unreactive to compete in the phenolic resin ...
hydrolysable tannins. *Chestnut wood. *Dhawa *Anogeissus latifolia. *Myrobalan fruit *Terminalia chebula. *Oak bark ...
T1 - Hydrolyzable tannins of tamaricaceous plants. IV. T2 - Micropropagation and ellagitannin production in shoot cultures of ... Orabi, M. A. A., Taniguchi, S., Terabayashi, S., & Hatano, T. (2011). Hydrolyzable tannins of tamaricaceous plants. IV: ... Hydrolyzable tannins of tamaricaceous plants. IV: Micropropagation and ellagitannin production in shoot cultures of Tamarix ... Hydrolyzable tannins of tamaricaceous plants. IV: Micropropagation and ellagitannin production in shoot cultures of Tamarix ...
This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary tara (Tara spinosa (Feuillée ex Molina) Britton & Rose) hydrolysable tannins ... Performance and meat quality in pigs fed hydrolysable tannins from Tara spinosa. ...
Elucidating the role of shikimate dehydrogenase in controlling the production of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins in the ... Elucidating the role of shikimate dehydrogenase in controlling the production of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins in the ... Elucidating the role of shikimate dehydrogenase in controlling the production of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins in the ... Elucidating the role of shikimate dehydrogenase in controlling the production of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins in the ...
Han Q, Song J, Qiao C, Wong L, Xu H. Preparative isolation of hydrolysable tannins chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid from ... Preparative isolation of hydrolysable tannins chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid from Terminalia chebula by high-speed counter ... Preparative isolation of hydrolysable tannins chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid from Terminalia chebula by high-speed counter ... Han, Q, Song, J, Qiao, C, Wong, L & Xu, H 2006, Preparative isolation of hydrolysable tannins chebulagic acid and chebulinic ...
Tong, W.Y.; Wang, H.; Waisundara, V.Y.; Huang, D. Inhibiting enzymatic starch digestion by hydrolyzable tannins isolated from ...
The persuit of understanding hydrolysable tannin in poultry nutrition Kobe Buyse (UGent) ...
Tannins are divided into two groups: hydrolyzable tannins such as ellagitannins and gallotannins; and condensed tannins, also ... Chung, K.T.; Wong, T.Y.; Wei, C.I.; Huang, Y.W.; Lin, Y. Tannins and human health: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 1998, ... Okuda, T. Tannins, a new family of bio-active natural organic compounds questions and answers. J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 1995, 115, ... Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. Anticancer. [101]. Indian gooseberry. Phenolic acids and flavonoids. Anticancer. [101] ...
Seven different fruits with significant presence of hydrolyzable tannin content were selected to check for phenol, tannin, and ... Condensed and hydrolyzable tannins are secondary metabolites present in almost every plant part. Tannase enzyme acts on ... Plum showed the maximum number of hydrolyzable tannins. Fruit extracts were subjected to tannase hydrolysis and their ... hydrolyzable tannin contents. Prunus domestica had the maximum phenol content, that is, 85.4 ± 0.207, followed by Syzygium ...
Five groups of lambs (n = 9 each) were used to test the effect of plant extracts rich in hydrolysable (HT) or condensed tannin ... Five groups of lambs (n = 9 each) were used to test the effect of plant extracts rich in hydrolysable (HT) or condensed tannin ... Fatty acids in rumen and meat of lambs fed with different condensed and hydrolysable tannin extracts ... Nowadays several tannin-rich extracts, produced from different plants, are available and contain tannins belonging to different ...
Main hydrolysable tannins from Terminalia chebula. J Chin Pharm Univ 2001; 32(2):91-3. ... Earlier phytochemical studies on P. urinaria indicated that its major constituents were tannins, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins ... a tannin from P. urinaria, was reported to exhibit semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and ...
Kintec 2211 is an excellent corrosion and scale inhibitor scientifically formulated using hydrolysable tannin as an oxygen ... all-in-one boiler water treatment based on organic tannin with built in alkalinity booster. ... Kintec 2211 is an excellent corrosion and scale inhibitor scientifically formulated using hydrolysable tannin as an oxygen ... Kintec 2211 is an excellent corrosion and scale inhibitor scientifically formulated using hydrolysable tannin as an oxygen ...
The fleshy fruit of strawberry contains significant quantity of hydrolysable tannins (ellagitannins and gallotannins). The ...
Amariin, a di-dehydro hexahydroxy diphenoyl hydrolysable tannin from Phyllanthus amarus. Phytochem., 33: 487-491. ... It also contains minor compounds like hydrolysable tannins like phyllanthusiin D (Houghton et al., 1996), amariin (Foo, 1993) ...
Tannins and Coumarins. Tannins are polymeric phenolic substances that are divided into hydrolysable and condensed tannins (also ... The latter are based on flavonoid monomers and hydrolysable tannins are based on gallic acid. Tannins may be formed by ... Tannins naturally occur in many fruits, nuts, and seeds. A recent review by Lipińska et al. [44] shows that the hydrolysable ... tannins, and coumarins. The most important phytochemicals used as food preservatives are essential oils, which have been used ...
In this frame of reference pomegranate juice (PGJ) is a boon comprising of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins, known for its ... hydrolysable tannins-ellagitannins & gallotannins and condensed tannins-proanthocyanidin have been found and reported in ... In this frame of reference pomegranate juice (PGJ) is a boon comprising of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins, known for its ... Afaq, F., Saleem, M., Krueger, C. G., Reed, J. D. & Mukhtar, H. Anthocyanin‐and hydrolyzable tannin‐rich pomegranate fruit ...
Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol, is a hydrolysable amphiphilic tannin derivative of gallic with diverse potential for ...
... the amounts of both hydrolyzable and condensed tannins decrease through the depth of the leaf litter. The decrease in condensed ... tannins could be partly explained by the cellular degradation of the lower epidermis and the mesophyll of leaves, as observed ...
Consumption of hydrolysable tannins-rich pomegranate extract suppresses inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. ...
... highest hydrolyzable tannin in the 50% methanol extract, 31.21 mg TAE/g extract; highest condensed tannin in the ethyl acetate ... Methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts showed presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins, quinones ...
E. Bulut and M. Özacar, "Rapid, facile synthesis of silver nanostructure using hydrolyzable tannin," Industrial and Engineering ... W. Bors, L. Y. Foo, N. Hertkorn, C. Michel, and K. Stettmaier, "Chemical studies of proanthocyanidins and hydrolyzable tannins ... Tannins isolated from the biomass of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) have been found to be capable of reducing gold chloride to gold ... R. Herrera-Becerra, J. L. Rius, and C. Zorrilla, "Tannin biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles," Applied Physics A, vol. 100 ...
Blackberry leaf is high in vitamin C, hydrolysable tannins, all which provide immune boosting and anti-inflammatory properties. ...
... the hydrolysable tannins resulted affective against the formation of LST in white wine. The use of hydrolysable tannins before ... We suggested that the protective effect of hydrolysable tannins might be related to the ability of hydrolysable tannins in ... We tested hydrolysable tannins, from chestnut, oak and nut gall, in model wine considering both oxic and anoxic conditions. ... Interestingly, the hydrolysable tannins exerted a protective effect since both Met lost and the volatiles sulphur compounds ...
It is possible that the richness of the leaves of A. nilotica, in catechin gallates (hydrolysable tannins), may be responsible ... Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of ... The leaves had a higher protein, but lower condensed tannin (CT) contents than the pods. A. sieberiana had more CT than A. ... The former observation is consistent with the tannin content in leaves and pods of A. sieberiana, but the reversed trend in A. ...
... and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties-as respiratory ...
... resveratrol and tannins (hydrolysable and condensed substances such as proanthocyanidins). However, smaller molecules such as ...
... a combination of tannins and sunflower sprouts, is designed to protect hair from UV radiation, urban pollution and harsh ... are very rich in hydrolysable tannins with gallic acid as the main constituent. Tannins have antimicrobial and astringent ... KeraGuard combines tannins derived from the tara tree and an extract of sunflower sprouts. This unique combination proves to be ... Tannins are phenolic compounds which easily bind to keratin proteins of the hair. Tests suggest, KeraGuard to protect hair from ...
  • In this frame of reference pomegranate juice (PGJ) is a boon comprising of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins, known for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. (nature.com)
  • A hydrolysable tannin or pyrogallol-type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, yields gallic or ellagic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrolysable tannins are mixtures of polygalloyl glucoses and/or poly-galloyl quinic acid derivatives containing in between 3 up to 12 gallic acid residues per molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gallic acid determination 50 mg of sample tannin in 5 ml 2N H2SO4 are put into constricted test tubes and frozen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tannase enzyme acts on hydrolyzable tannins to produce gallic acid and tannase-mediated end-products with immense therapeutic potential. (iubmb.org)
  • Tara pods, which are used in traditional medicine to treat infections and improve healing, are very rich in hydrolysable tannins with gallic acid as the main constituent. (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
  • However, tannase, an enzyme that promote esters and side bonds of hydrolyzes hydrolyzable tannins, producing glucose and gallic acid or ellagic acid, is still little explored in terms of its production by endophytic microorganisms. (unesp.br)
  • The analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 13 C NMR) to further investigate the reaction mechanisms involved revealed the unsuspected complexity of chestnut hydrolysable tannin, with different fragments reacting in different manners forming a hardened network of considerable complexity. (techscience.com)
  • Chestnut hydrolysable tannins are phenolic materials that have been considered too unreactive to compete in the phenolic resin adhesives market for exterior boards for the building industry. (univ-lorraine.fr)
  • However, an article in 1973 describing 3years industrial application of chestnut hydrolysable tannins during the first oil crisis indicated that this was not the case. (univ-lorraine.fr)
  • Pentagalloyl glucose on www.natural-specialities.com Archived 2010-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Haslam E. Plant Polyphenols, Vegetable Tannins Revisited. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydroxyl groups on the tannin polyphenols and on the carbohydrates intimately linked with it and part of a hydrolysable tannin are the groups involved in these reactions. (techscience.com)
  • Earlier phytochemical studies on P. urinaria indicated that its major constituents were tannins, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, and polyphenols [ 8 - 12 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Polyphenols used in skin treatment include tea polyphenols (like epicatechin), silymarin, quercetin, resveratrol and tannins (hydrolysable and condensed substances such as proanthocyanidins). (teknoscienze.com)
  • Assortment of various phytochemicals such as polyphenolic constituents-anthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins-ellagitannins & gallotannins and condensed tannins-proanthocyanidin have been found and reported in diverse parts of the fruit 16 . (nature.com)
  • Five groups of lambs (n = 9 each) were used to test the effect of plant extracts rich in hydrolysable (HT) or condensed tannin (CT) on animal performance, fatty acid composition of rumen content, liver and meat. (researchgate.net)
  • The contents of representative tannins of different types [i.e., tellimagrandin II (monomer), hirtellin A (linear GOG-type dimer), hirtellin B (hellinoyl-type dimer), hirtellin C (macrocyclic-type dimer), and hirtellin T1 (linear GOG-type trimer) in the resultant tissues in response to these factors were estimated by HPLC, and the optimal condition for production of these tannins were established. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HPLC determination Tannins, including gallo and ellagic acid (epigallitannins), are inhibitors of HIV replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a chromatographic column, the high-speed counter-current chromatography system was equipped with a preparative HPLC series, enabling the successful isolation of hydrolysable tannins from the fruits of Terminalia chebula, a traditional Chinese medicine. (edu.hk)
  • Geraniin, a tannin from P. urinaria , was reported to exhibit semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antihypertensive activities [ 4 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: gallo- and condensed tannins. (mab.lt)
  • At the center of a hydrolysable tannin molecule, there is a carbohydrate (usually D-glucose but also cyclitols like quinic or shikimic acids). (wikipedia.org)
  • Though the specifics of tannin activity are still an emerging area of wine research (which, disclaimer: means that all our understanding of tannins could completely change in the next couple of years), current research suggests that the properties of tannins have to do with the "stickiness" of tannins (or the desire of the molecule to link up with other molecules and form bonds). (vinography.com)
  • Hydrolysable tannins have shown also potential antibacterial effects against Helicobacter pylori. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tannins are phenolic compounds which easily bind to keratin proteins of the hair. (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
  • In fact, thanks to their capacity to bind to proteins, tannins are able to inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria by interfering with their cell walls. (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
  • As tannins have more and more time to stick and un-stick themselves to molecules, eventually, they will become a little less… sticky, as they form slightly stronger bonds with proteins, other molecules, and oxygen that slowly finds its way in through a porous closure. (vinography.com)
  • The aim was to determine the effect of tannin on the nutritive value and microbial enzyme activity in vitro . (scielo.org.za)
  • Blackberry leaf is high in vitamin C, hydrolysable tannins, all which provide immune boosting and anti-inflammatory properties. (blackwoodland.org)
  • This study explores the effect of tannin-rich feeds on the kinetics of fermentation of fibre and soluble components, and on the activity of fibrolytic and proteolytic enzymes. (scielo.org.za)
  • We have extended this old work by using superior phenolic resins formulations and producing phenol-formaldehyde-chestnut tannin adhesives where a substitution of up to 80% of the phenol is possible with remarkably good results. (univ-lorraine.fr)
  • Hydrolysable tannins are hydrolysed by weak acids or weak bases to produce carbohydrate and phenolic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • In view of this, this study aims to prospect the production of tannases by endophytic fungi associated with tannins rich plants from the Caatinga Biome. (unesp.br)
  • This method is based on two main steps: the reaction with dimethyl carbonate and the formation of urethane bonds by further reaction of the carbonated tannin with a diamine-like hexamethylene diamine. (techscience.com)
  • Just like a very old tannin that has had enough time to form stronger bonds and become less reactive. (vinography.com)
  • As long as you're not drinking that sagrantino right away, most tannins will live a long and happy social life, forming and breaking and reforming bonds with other molecules. (vinography.com)
  • Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams from a commercial hydrolysable tannin extract, chestnut wood tannin extract, have been prepared to determine what chemical species and products are taking part in the reactions involved. (techscience.com)
  • KeraGuard combines tannins derived from the tara tree and an extract of sunflower sprouts. (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
  • Hydrolysable tannins can be extracted from different vegetable plants, such as chestnut wood (Castanea sativa), oak wood (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea and Quercus alba), tara pods (Caesalpinia spinosa), gallnuts (Quercus infectoria and Rhus semialata), myrobalan (Terminalia chebula), sumac (Rhus coriaria) and Aleppo gallnuts (Andricus kollari). (wikipedia.org)
  • Performance and meat quality in pigs fed hydrolysable tannins from Tara spinosa . (cabi.org)
  • This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary tara ( Tara spinosa (Feuillée ex Molina) Britton & Rose) hydrolysable tannins on performance and meat quality of finishing pigs. (cabi.org)
  • Tara tannins are also known as efficient antioxidants, classically as electron donors but also as metal ion chelators. (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
  • In the past few years, hydrolysable tannins have also been studied for their potential effects against cancer through different mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tannins are part of plant defense mechanisms. (vinography.com)
  • Kintec 2211 is a high performance, all-in-one boiler water treatment based on organic tannin with built in alkalinity booster. (accepta.com)
  • Consequently, condensed tannin depressed the digestibility of feed in the rumen by affecting the activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein breakdown, the effects of which could be reduced with the use of PEG. (scielo.org.za)
  • PEG also increased the activity of protease enzymes, xylanase, endo- and exocellulases, indicating that tannins depress the digestibility of feeds partly by suppressing the activity of these enzymes. (scielo.org.za)
  • Significant varietal variation in tannin (310 to 400 mg percent), phytic acid (201.33 to 265.33 mg percent) and trypsin inhibitor activity (55.74 to 97.70 TIU/mg) were observed. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Condensed and hydrolyzable tannins are secondary metabolites present in almost every plant part. (iubmb.org)
  • If you are a random animal and you're going about your day, and you take a big bite of a tannin-rich plant and a chemical reaction starts in your mouth and completely dries out your mouth from all the protein bonding happening, your first Darwinian reaction is to spit it out (unless you really, really like amaro). (vinography.com)
  • Chitosan mediated enhancement of hydrolysable tannin in Phyllanthus debilis, Klein ex Willd via plant cell suspension culture. (natureloveyou.sg)
  • These feeds are rich in anti-nutritional factors, particularly tannins, because they reduce the intake of food, depress the breakdown rate of protein and fibre, reduce the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (Makkar, 2003) and are poisonous (McSweeney et al . (scielo.org.za)
  • Aged tannins, essentially, become less reactive and less likely to initiate a chemical reaction with your saliva, so they feel "softer. (vinography.com)
  • Hydrolyzable tannins of tamaricaceous plants. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Hydrolyzable tannins of tamaricaceous plants. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Alkaline hydrolysis 4.8 g sample tannin in 9 ml water are refluxed in 4.2 ml 40% NaOH for 6h at pH 12 - 13. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ostwald in as early as 1917 reported that chloroauric acid solutions can be reduced to gold nanoparticles employing tannin even when tap water is used to prepare aqueous solutions [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The carbohydrate skeleton of the hydrolysable tannin is also able to participate through its hydroxyl groups to the same two reactions rendering the whole molecular complex able to react to form NIPUs. (techscience.com)
  • The leaves had a higher protein, but lower condensed tannin (CT) contents than the pods. (scielo.org.za)
  • During some separations, they don't always separate into the same components, so wine tannins are dynamic. (vinography.com)