Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A network of cross-linked hydrophilic macromolecules used in biomedical applications.
Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.
Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.
Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.
Microbial, plant, or animal cells which are immobilized by attachment to solid structures, usually a column matrix. A common use of immobilized cells is in biotechnology for the bioconversion of a substrate to a particular product. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
The properties and processes of materials that affect their behavior under force.
Numerical expression indicating the measure of stiffness in a material. It is defined by the ratio of stress in a unit area of substance to the resulting deformation (strain). This allows the behavior of a material under load (such as bone) to be calculated.
The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.
Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.
A biocompatible, hydrophilic, inert gel that is permeable to tissue fluids. It is used as an embedding medium for microscopy, as a coating for implants and prostheses, for contact lenses, as microspheres in adsorption research, etc.
Materials fabricated by BIOMIMETICS techniques, i.e., based on natural processes found in biological systems.
The study of the deformation and flow of matter, usually liquids or fluids, and of the plastic flow of solids. The concept covers consistency, dilatancy, liquefaction, resistance to flow, shearing, thixotrophy, and VISCOSITY.
A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.
Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as absorbent material for surgical dressings.
A subclass of iridoid compounds that include a glycoside moiety, usually found at the C-1 position.
Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.
Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.
Term used to designate tetrahydroxy aldehydic acids obtained by oxidation of hexose sugars, i.e. glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, etc. Historically, the name hexuronic acid was originally given to ascorbic acid.
A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.
A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.
Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.
Condition of having pores or open spaces. This often refers to bones, bone implants, or bone cements, but can refer to the porous state of any solid substance.
Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).
Chemical reactions effected by light.
Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.
Norbornanes are a class of bicyclic organic compounds consisting of a hydrocarbon skeleton made up of two fused 5-membered rings, where five of the six ring carbons are bonded to hydrogens and one is bonded to two additional carbon atoms, forming a bridge between the rings.
Chemical reaction in which monomeric components are combined to form POLYMERS (e.g., POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE).
The maximum compression a material can withstand without failure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p427)
Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.
Poly-2-methylpropenoic acids. Used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics in the form of pellets and granules, as absorbent for biological materials and as filters; also as biological membranes and as hydrogens. Synonyms: methylacrylate polymer; poly(methylacrylate); acrylic acid methyl ester polymer.
The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Artificial substitutes for body parts and materials inserted into organisms during experimental studies.
Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.
A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).
Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.
A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.
Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and lay down matrix during development. It is sometimes a precursor to OSTEOGENESIS.
Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.
Acrylates are a group of synthetic compounds based on acrylic acid, commonly used in various industrial and medical applications such as adhesives, coatings, and dental materials, known to cause allergic reactions and contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.
An interdisciplinary field in materials science, ENGINEERING, and BIOLOGY, studying the use of biological principles for synthesis or fabrication of BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS.
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
Acrylic resins, also known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), are a type of synthetic resin formed from polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers, used in various medical applications such as dental restorations, orthopedic implants, and ophthalmic lenses due to their biocompatibility, durability, and transparency.
Substances that display the physical properties of ELASTICITY and VISCOSITY. The dual-nature of these substances causes them to resist applied forces in a time-dependent manner.
Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.
Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.
Submicron-sized fibers with diameters typically between 50 and 500 nanometers. The very small dimension of these fibers can generate a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them potential candidates for various biomedical and other applications.
Sepharose is a brand name for a type of cross-linked agarose gel beads used as a matrix in chromatography and other biochemical procedures, known for their high porosity, mechanical stability, and low non-specific binding, making them suitable for various purification and analytical applications.

Rapid induction of functional and morphological continuity between severed ends of mammalian or earthworm myelinated axons. (1/1083)

The inability to rapidly restore the loss of function that results from severance (cutting or crushing) of PNS and CNS axons is a severe clinical problem. As a novel strategy to help alleviate this problem, we have developed in vitro procedures using Ca2+-free solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG solutions), which within minutes induce functional and morphological continuity (PEG-induced fusion) between the cut or crushed ends of myelinated sciatic or spinal axons in rats. Using a PEG-based hydrogel that binds to connective tissue to provide mechanical strength at the lesion site and is nontoxic to nerve tissues in earthworms and mammals, we have also developed in vivo procedures that permanently maintain earthworm myelinated medial giant axons whose functional and morphological integrity has been restored by PEG-induced fusion after axonal severance. In all these in vitro or in vivo procedures, the success of PEG-induced fusion of sciatic or spinal axons and myelinated medial giant axons is measured by the restored conduction of action potentials through the lesion site, the presence of intact axonal profiles in electron micrographs taken at the lesion site, and/or the intra-axonal diffusion of fluorescent dyes across the lesion site. These and other data suggest that the application of polymeric fusiogens (such as our PEG solutions), possibly combined with a tissue adherent (such as our PEG hydrogels), could lead to in vivo treatments that rapidly and permanently repair cut or crushed axons in the PNS and CNS of adult mammals, including humans.  (+info)

New biodegradable hydrogels based on a photocrosslinkable modified polyaspartamide: synthesis and characterization. (2/1083)

alpha,beta-Poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA), a synthetic water-soluble biocompatible polymer, was derivatized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), in order to introduce in its structure chemical residues having double bonds and ester groups. The obtained copolymer (PHG) contained 29 mol% of GMA residues. PHG aqueous solutions at various concentrations ranging from 30 to 70 mg/ml were exposed to a source of UV rays at lambda 254 nm in the presence or in the absence of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS); the formation of compact gel phases was observed beginning from 50 mg/ml. The obtained networks were characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometry and swelling measurements which evidenced the high affinity of PHG hydrogels towards aqueous media at different pH values. In vitro chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis studies suggested that the prepared samples undergo a partial degradation both at pH 1 and pH 10 and after incubation with enzymes such as esterase, pepsin and alpha-chymotrypsin. Finally, the effect of irradiation time on the yield and the properties of these hydrogels was investigated and the sol fractions coming from irradiated samples, properly purified, were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR analyses.  (+info)

Activities of a nitrofurazone-containing urinary catheter and a silver hydrogel catheter against multidrug-resistant bacteria characteristic of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. (3/1083)

The in vitro inhibitory activity of a nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter (NFC) against 86 recently obtained susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Enterococcus faecium, which are species implicated in catheter-associated urinary tract infection and which traditionally have been susceptible to nitrofuran derivatives, was determined using an agar diffusion assay. In a subset of these strains, the activity of the NFC was compared with that of a silver hydrogel urinary catheter (SHC), and the durability of each catheter's inhibitory activity was assessed during serial daily transfers of catheter segments to fresh culture plates. Except for vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, the NFC was active against all isolates tested and showed comparable inhibition zones with susceptible and MDR strains of each species. In contrast, the SHC inhibited only certain staphylococci (P < 0.01 versus the NFC), and among these strains, the SHC produced smaller inhibition zones than did the NFC (P < 0.01). Inhibition was evident for up to 5 days with the NFC, but for only 1 day (if at all) with the SHC (P < 0.01). These data document that, for most genera which traditionally have been susceptible to nitrofuran derivatives, the NFC remains active against contemporary MDR isolates. They also demonstrate that the in vitro antibacterial activity of the NFC is markedly superior to that of the SHC in several respects. Thus, the NFC shows promise for clinical use in the current era of MDR bacteria.  (+info)

A new model of chronic cardiac ischemia in rabbits. (4/1083)

Chronic cardiac ischemia has mainly been studied in large species such as pigs or dogs. Little research has been performed using small species such as rabbits. In the present study, 1-3 wk after implantation of a novel device (ameroid) on the circumflex coronary artery of New Zealand White rabbits, vessel patency was evaluated by coronary angiography, corrosion cast, and radiolabeled microspheres. Coronary angiograms showed, after 21 days, either total occlusion or severe stenosis in seven of eight arteries, which was confirmed by corrosion casts. The ameroid group had less blood flow in the epicardial (-62%) and endocardial (-54%) layers of the ischemic area compared with sham-operated rabbits (P < 0.05). Blood flow increased in the ischemic area compared with day 0 during acute occlusion, suggesting that progressive coronary occlusion initiated the growth of de novo collateral vessels. Thus we have developed a new model of chronic cardiac ischemia in rabbits with documented progressive coronary stenosis and occlusion that is suitable to test various therapeutic angiogenesis strategies.  (+info)

Effectiveness of wound care products in the transmission of acoustic energy. (5/1083)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ultrasound is often recommended in the treatment of people with partial and full-thickness wounds. Many treatments are performed over a hydrogel sheet or semipermeable film dressing. The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the effectiveness of 4 hydrogels (Nu-Gel, ClearSite, Aquasorb Border, and CarraDres) and 4 film dressings (CarraSmart Film, J&J Bioclusive, Tegaderm, and Opsite Flexigrid) in ultrasound transmission. METHODS: The amount of sound energy transmitted through each product and interposed pig tissue was measured using an oscilloscope to display the intensity of sound energy delivered by the transducer. Five intensities at a frequency of 3.3 MHz were studied. RESULTS: Results were expressed as the mean ((SD) percentage of voltage transmitted compared with a gel baseline. Nu-Gel was the most efficient hydrogel (77.2%(4.6%), followed by ClearSite (72.0%(2.2%), Aquasorb Border (45.3%(2.1%), and CarraDres (42.8%(5.9%). The 4 film dressings, in order of efficiency, were CarraSmart Film (60.5%(4.4%), J&J Bioclusive (53.2%(2.4%), Tegaderm (47.1%(2.3%), and Opsite Flexigrid (31.5%(4.0%). CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Transmissivity of wound care products used to deliver acoustic energy during ultrasound treatment of wounds varies greatly among dressing products. We believe that clinicians can use our findings as a part of the clinical reasoning process that they use to select an optimal wound dressing.  (+info)

Novel materials to enhance keratoprosthesis integration. (6/1083)

BACKGROUND: The successful integration of keratoprostheses (KPros) within the cornea depends in part on peripheral host keratocyte adhesion to anchor the implant in place and prevent epithelial downgrowth. The following study incorporated different acrylate co-monomers with poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p(HEMA)) and measured the suitability of these materials as potential skirt materials in terms of their ability to enhance keratocyte adhesion to p(HEMA). METHODS: p(HEMA) hydrogels incorporating varying amounts of the acrylate co-monomers methacrylic acid (MA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEM), or phenoxyethyl methacrylate (PEM) were formed by free radical polymerisation. Keratocytes were seeded onto discs of each material and incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. Assays for viable cell adhesion were carried out. A viability/cytotoxicity assay using solutions of calcein-AM (0.5 mM) and ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) (0.5 microM) were used to measure viable and non-viable cell adhesion, respectively. An ATP assay was also used to quantify cell adhesion in terms of the amount of ATP present following lysis of adherent cells. RESULTS: The viability/cytotoxicity assays indicated that the incorporation of 15 mol% of the co-monomer PEM or of 20 mol% DEM increased cell adhesion to p(HEMA) by at least four times. The ATP assays confirmed the results for PEM but absorption of ATP to the DEM containing hydrogel indicated that the assay was not a suitable measure of cell adhesion to this material. CONCLUSIONS: The properties of p(HEMA) may be moderated to enhance keratocyte adhesion by the incorporation of PEM or DEM suggesting that these may be suitable materials for use in the further development of a novel KPro skirt material.  (+info)

Self-assembled peptide fibers from valylvaline bola-amphiphiles by a parallel beta-sheet network. (7/1083)

A series of dipeptide-based bola-amphiphiles, bis(N-alpha-amide-L-valyl-L-valine) 1, n-alkane dicarboxylate (n=4-12), have been synthesized. The bola-amphiphiles with n=4 and 6 self-assembled to form crystalline solids in water, whereas those with n=7-12 produced peptide fibers. FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the peptide fibers have parallel-type beta-sheet networks between the valylvaline units. FT-IR deconvolution study of carboxyl regions indicated that these crystalline solids and peptide fibers are stabilized by interlayer bifurcated and intralayer lateral hydrogen-bond networks between the end carboxylic acid groups, respectively.  (+info)

Transbuccal delivery of acyclovir (II): feasibility, system design, and in vitro permeation studies. (8/1083)

PURPOSE: To design a buccal mucoadhesive system for systemic delivery of acyclovir using a novel mucoadhesive, copolymers of acrylic acid and poly(ethylene glycol), and to determine the feasibility of transbuccal delivery of acyclovir using this system. METHODS: The buccal delivery system was prepared using an adhesive, a copolymer of acrylic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether monomethacrylate, and an impermeable membrane to prevent excessive washout by saliva and to attain unidirectional release. Acyclovir was loaded into the copolymer film prior to lamination of backing material. In vitro drug release studies were conducted in isotonic McIlvaine buffer solution. Buccal permeation of acyclovir was investigated using porcine buccal mucosa with side-by-side flow through diffusion cells at 37;C. Acyclovir was quantified using HPLC. RESULTS: Buccal permeation of acyclovir from the mucoadhesive delivery system was controlled for up to 20 hours with a time lag (t(lag)) of 10.4 hours and a steady state flux of 144.2 microg/cm(2)/h. With the incorporation of NaGC into the system t(lag) was shortened to 5.6 hours with an enhanced steady state flux of 758.7 microg/cm(2)/h. Sustained delivery of acyclovir across bucccal mucosa using this mucoadhesive system was maintained for up to 22 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The mucoadhesive system of P(AA-co-PEG) was shown to be a good candidate for controlled oral mucosal delivery of acyclovir. Buccal delivery of acyclovir was proven feasible based on in vitro permeation studies.  (+info)

Hydrogels are defined in the medical and biomedical fields as cross-linked, hydrophilic polymer networks that have the ability to swell and retain a significant amount of water or biological fluids while maintaining their structure. They can be synthesized from natural, synthetic, or hybrid polymers.

Hydrogels are known for their biocompatibility, high water content, and soft consistency, which resemble natural tissues, making them suitable for various medical applications such as contact lenses, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, wound dressing, and biosensors. The physical and chemical properties of hydrogels can be tailored to specific uses by adjusting the polymer composition, cross-linking density, and network structure.

A hydrogel is a biomaterial that is composed of a three-dimensional network of crosslinked polymers, which are able to absorb and retain a significant amount of water or biological fluids while maintaining their structure. Hydrogels are similar to natural tissues in their water content, making them suitable for various medical applications such as contact lenses, wound dressings, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.

Hydrogels can be synthesized from a variety of materials, including synthetic polymers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) or natural polymers like collagen, hyaluronic acid, or chitosan. The properties of hydrogels, such as their mechanical strength, degradation rate, and biocompatibility, can be tailored to specific applications by adjusting the type and degree of crosslinking, the molecular weight of the polymers, and the addition of functional groups or drugs.

Hydrogels have shown great potential in medical research and clinical practice due to their ability to mimic the natural environment of cells and tissues, provide sustained drug release, and promote tissue regeneration.

Biocompatible materials are non-toxic and non-reacting substances that can be used in medical devices, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems without causing harm or adverse reactions to living tissues or organs. These materials are designed to mimic the properties of natural tissues and are able to integrate with biological systems without being rejected by the body's immune system.

Biocompatible materials can be made from a variety of substances, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The specific properties of these materials, such as their mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability, are carefully selected to meet the requirements of their intended medical application.

Examples of biocompatible materials include titanium used in dental implants and joint replacements, polyethylene used in artificial hips, and hydrogels used in contact lenses and drug delivery systems. The use of biocompatible materials has revolutionized modern medicine by enabling the development of advanced medical technologies that can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are a family of synthetic, water-soluble polymers with a wide range of molecular weights. They are commonly used in the medical field as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations due to their ability to improve drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. PEGs can also be used as laxatives to treat constipation or as bowel cleansing agents prior to colonoscopy examinations. Additionally, some PEG-conjugated drugs have been developed for use in targeted cancer therapies.

In a medical context, PEGs are often referred to by their average molecular weight, such as PEG 300, PEG 400, PEG 1500, and so on. Higher molecular weight PEGs tend to be more viscous and have longer-lasting effects in the body.

It's worth noting that while PEGs are generally considered safe for use in medical applications, some people may experience allergic reactions or hypersensitivity to these compounds. Prolonged exposure to high molecular weight PEGs has also been linked to potential adverse effects, such as decreased fertility and developmental toxicity in animal studies. However, more research is needed to fully understand the long-term safety of PEGs in humans.

Tissue engineering is a branch of biomedical engineering that combines the principles of engineering, materials science, and biological sciences to develop functional substitutes for damaged or diseased tissues and organs. It involves the creation of living, three-dimensional structures that can restore, maintain, or improve tissue function. This is typically accomplished through the use of cells, scaffolds (biodegradable matrices), and biologically active molecules. The goal of tissue engineering is to develop biological substitutes that can ultimately restore normal function and structure in damaged tissues or organs.

"Immobilized cells" is a term used in biotechnology and cell biology to describe situations where living cells are confined or restricted in their movement within a defined space. This can be achieved through various methods such as entrapment within a gel, adsorption onto a surface, or encapsulation within a semi-permeable membrane. The immobilization of cells allows for their repeated use in biochemical reactions, such as fermentation or waste treatment, while also providing stability and ease of separation from the reaction products. Additionally, immobilized cells can be used to study cellular processes and functions under controlled conditions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "mechanical phenomena" is not a standard medical term. The term "mechanical phenomenon" is more commonly used in the fields of physics and engineering to refer to events or processes that involve physical forces and movements, such as the movement of a lever or the flow of a fluid due to pressure differences.

If you have any questions about a specific medical concept or condition, I would be happy to try to help you with that instead!

The Elastic Modulus, also known as Young's modulus, is a measure of the stiffness of a material. It is defined as the ratio of stress (force per unit area) to strain (partial deformation or change in length per unit length) in the elastic range of deformation of a material. In other words, it measures how much a material will deform (change in length or size) when subjected to a given amount of force. A higher elastic modulus indicates that a material is stiffer and less likely to deform, while a lower elastic modulus indicates that a material is more flexible and will deform more easily. The elastic modulus is typically expressed in units of Pascals (Pa) or Gigapascals (GPa).

I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.

In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.

Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.

Tissue scaffolds, also known as bioactive scaffolds or synthetic extracellular matrices, refer to three-dimensional structures that serve as templates for the growth and organization of cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These scaffolds are designed to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) found in biological tissues, providing a supportive environment for cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and migration.

Tissue scaffolds can be made from various materials, including naturally derived biopolymers (e.g., collagen, alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid), synthetic polymers (e.g., polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), or a combination of both. The choice of material depends on the specific application and desired properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and porosity.

The primary functions of tissue scaffolds include:

1. Cell attachment: Providing surfaces for cells to adhere, spread, and form stable focal adhesions.
2. Mechanical support: Offering a structural framework that maintains the desired shape and mechanical properties of the engineered tissue.
3. Nutrient diffusion: Ensuring adequate transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the scaffold to support cell survival and function.
4. Guided tissue growth: Directing the organization and differentiation of cells through spatial cues and biochemical signals.
5. Biodegradation: Gradually degrading at a rate that matches tissue regeneration, allowing for the replacement of the scaffold with native ECM produced by the cells.

Tissue scaffolds have been used in various applications, such as wound healing, bone and cartilage repair, cardiovascular tissue engineering, and neural tissue regeneration. The design and fabrication of tissue scaffolds are critical aspects of tissue engineering, aiming to create functional substitutes for damaged or diseased tissues and organs.

Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate (PHEMA) is not a medical term itself, but a chemical compound that is used in various medical and biomedical applications. Therefore, I will provide you with a chemical definition of PHEMA:

Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate (PHEMA) is a type of synthetic hydrogel, which is a cross-linked polymer network with the ability to absorb and retain significant amounts of water or biological fluids. It is made by polymerizing the methacrylate monomer, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), in the presence of a crosslinking agent. The resulting PHEMA material has excellent biocompatibility, making it suitable for various medical applications such as contact lenses, drug delivery systems, artificial cartilage, and wound dressings.

Biomimetic materials are synthetic or natural substances that mimic the chemical, physical, and biological properties of living systems or tissues. These materials are designed to interact with cells, tissues, and organs in ways that resemble the body's own structures and processes. They can be used in a variety of medical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical devices.

Biomimetic materials may be composed of polymers, ceramics, metals, or composites, and they can be designed to have specific properties such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and degradability. They may also incorporate bioactive molecules, such as growth factors or drugs, to promote healing or prevent infection.

The goal of using biomimetic materials is to create medical solutions that are more effective, safer, and more compatible with the body than traditional synthetic materials. By mimicking the body's own structures and processes, these materials can help to reduce inflammation, promote tissue regeneration, and improve overall patient outcomes.

Rheology is not a term that is specific to medicine, but rather it is a term used in the field of physics to describe the flow and deformation of matter. It specifically refers to the study of how materials flow or deform under various stresses or strains. This concept can be applied to various medical fields such as studying the flow properties of blood (hematology), understanding the movement of tissues and organs during surgical procedures, or analyzing the mechanical behavior of biological materials like bones and cartilages.

Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan, a type of complex carbohydrate, that is naturally found in the human body. It is most abundant in the extracellular matrix of soft connective tissues, including the skin, eyes, and joints. Hyaluronic acid is known for its remarkable capacity to retain water, which helps maintain tissue hydration, lubrication, and elasticity. Its functions include providing structural support, promoting wound healing, and regulating cell growth and differentiation. In the medical field, hyaluronic acid is often used in various forms as a therapeutic agent for conditions like osteoarthritis, dry eye syndrome, and skin rejuvenation.

Alginates are a type of polysaccharide derived from brown algae or produced synthetically, which have gelling and thickening properties. In medical context, they are commonly used as a component in wound dressings, dental impressions, and bowel cleansing products. The gels formed by alginates can provide a protective barrier to wounds, help maintain a moist environment, and promote healing. They can also be used to create a mold of the mouth or other body parts in dental and medical applications. In bowel cleansing, sodium alginates are often combined with sodium bicarbonate and water to form a solution that expands and stimulates bowel movements, helping to prepare the colon for procedures such as colonoscopy.

Iridoid glycosides are a type of naturally occurring compounds that are found in various plants, including the Lamiaceae (mint) family and the Plantaginaceae (plantain) family. These compounds consist of an iridoid moiety, which is a cyclic molecule derived from the terpene iridodial, linked to a sugar group. Iridoid glycosides have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and analgesic effects. Some examples of plants that contain iridoid glycosides include gardenia, olive, and valerian. It is important to note that while some iridoid glycosides have been found to have medicinal benefits, others may be toxic in high concentrations, so it is essential to use them under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Cross-linking reagents are chemical agents that are used to create covalent bonds between two or more molecules, creating a network of interconnected molecules known as a cross-linked structure. In the context of medical and biological research, cross-linking reagents are often used to stabilize protein structures, study protein-protein interactions, and develop therapeutic agents.

Cross-linking reagents work by reacting with functional groups on adjacent molecules, such as amino groups (-NH2) or sulfhydryl groups (-SH), to form a covalent bond between them. This can help to stabilize protein structures and prevent them from unfolding or aggregating.

There are many different types of cross-linking reagents, each with its own specificity and reactivity. Some common examples include glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), and bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3). The choice of cross-linking reagent depends on the specific application and the properties of the molecules being cross-linked.

It is important to note that cross-linking reagents can also have unintended effects, such as modifying or disrupting the function of the proteins they are intended to stabilize. Therefore, it is essential to use them carefully and with appropriate controls to ensure accurate and reliable results.

Acrylamides are a type of chemical that can form in some foods during high-temperature cooking processes, such as frying, roasting, and baking. They are created when certain amino acids (asparagine) and sugars in the food react together at temperatures above 120°C (248°F). This reaction is known as the Maillard reaction.

Acrylamides have been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), based on studies in animals. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health risks associated with acrylamide exposure from food.

Public health organizations recommend limiting acrylamide intake by following some cooking practices such as:

* Avoiding overcooking or burning foods
* Soaking potatoes (which are high in asparagine) in water before frying to reduce the formation of acrylamides
* Choosing raw, unprocessed, or minimally processed foods when possible.

Hexuronic acids are a type of uronic acid that contains six carbon atoms and is commonly found in various biological tissues and polysaccharides, such as pectins, heparin, and certain glycoproteins. The most common hexuronic acids are glucuronic acid and iduronic acid, which are formed from the oxidation of the corresponding hexoses, glucose and galactose, respectively. Hexuronic acids play important roles in various biological processes, including the detoxification and excretion of xenobiotics, the formation of proteoglycans, and the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.

Glucuronic acid is a physiological important organic acid, which is a derivative of glucose. It is formed by the oxidation of the primary alcohol group of glucose to form a carboxyl group at the sixth position. Glucuronic acid plays a crucial role in the detoxification process in the body as it conjugates with toxic substances, making them water-soluble and facilitating their excretion through urine or bile. This process is known as glucuronidation. It is also a component of various polysaccharides, such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, which are found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.

Gelatin is not strictly a medical term, but it is often used in medical contexts. Medically, gelatin is recognized as a protein-rich substance that is derived from collagen, which is found in the skin, bones, and connective tissue of animals. It is commonly used in the production of various medical and pharmaceutical products such as capsules, wound dressings, and drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility and ability to form gels.

In a broader sense, gelatin is a translucent, colorless, flavorless food ingredient that is derived from collagen through a process called hydrolysis. It is widely used in the food industry as a gelling agent, thickener, stabilizer, and texturizer in various foods such as candies, desserts, marshmallows, and yogurts.

It's worth noting that while gelatin has many uses, it may not be suitable for vegetarians or those with dietary restrictions since it is derived from animal products.

Methacrylates are a group of chemical compounds that contain the methacrylate functional group, which is a vinyl group (CH2=CH-) with a carbonyl group (C=O) at the β-position. This structure gives them unique chemical and physical properties, such as low viscosity, high reactivity, and resistance to heat and chemicals.

In medical terms, methacrylates are used in various biomedical applications, such as dental restorative materials, bone cements, and drug delivery systems. For example, methacrylate-based resins are commonly used in dentistry for fillings, crowns, and bridges due to their excellent mechanical properties and adhesion to tooth structures.

However, there have been concerns about the potential toxicity of methacrylates, particularly their ability to release monomers that can cause allergic reactions, irritation, or even mutagenic effects in some individuals. Therefore, it is essential to use these materials with caution and follow proper handling and safety protocols.

In the context of medical terminology, "porosity" is not a term that is frequently used to describe human tissues or organs. However, in dermatology and cosmetics, porosity refers to the ability of the skin to absorb and retain moisture or topical treatments.

A skin with high porosity has larger pores and can absorb more products, while a skin with low porosity has smaller pores and may have difficulty absorbing products. It is important to note that this definition of porosity is not a medical one but is instead used in the beauty industry.

In the context of medical definitions, polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits called monomers. These long chains of monomers can have various structures and properties, depending on the type of monomer units and how they are linked together. In medicine, polymers are used in a wide range of applications, including drug delivery systems, medical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Some examples of polymers used in medicine include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL).

Photochemical processes refer to chemical reactions that are initiated or driven by the absorption of light. In these reactions, photons (light particles) interact with molecules, causing electrons in the molecules to become excited and leading to the formation of new chemical bonds or the breaking of existing ones. This results in the creation of different molecular structures or products.

In the context of human health and medicine, photochemical processes can occur both naturally and artificially. For instance, the body uses light-dependent reactions in the process of vision, where light is absorbed by rhodopsin in the retina, triggering a series of chemical events that ultimately lead to visual perception.

Additionally, photochemotherapy is a medical treatment that utilizes photochemical processes to achieve therapeutic effects. In this approach, a photosensitizing agent is administered to a patient, and then exposed to specific wavelengths of light. The light causes the photosensitizer to react with oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species that can destroy targeted cells or tissues, such as cancer cells or bacteria.

Overall, photochemical processes play an essential role in various biological and medical contexts, enabling critical functions like vision and offering promising therapeutic avenues for a range of conditions.

Click chemistry is a term used to describe a group of chemical reactions that are fast, high-yielding, and highly selective. These reactions typically involve the formation of covalent bonds between two molecules in a simple and efficient manner, often through the use of a catalyst. The concept of click chemistry was first introduced by K. B. Sharpless, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001 for his work on chiral catalysis.

In the context of medical research and drug development, click chemistry has emerged as a valuable tool for rapidly synthesizing and optimizing small molecule compounds with therapeutic potential. By using click chemistry reactions to quickly and efficiently link different chemical building blocks together, researchers can rapidly generate large libraries of potential drug candidates and then screen them for biological activity. This approach has been used to discover new drugs for a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders.

One common type of click chemistry reaction is the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, which involves the reaction between an azide and an alkyne to form a triazole ring. This reaction is highly selective and can be carried out under mild conditions, making it a popular choice for chemical synthesis in the life sciences. Other types of click chemistry reactions include the Diels-Alder cycloaddition, the thiol-ene reaction, and the Staudinger ligation.

Overall, click chemistry has had a significant impact on medical research and drug development by enabling the rapid and efficient synthesis of complex small molecule compounds with therapeutic potential. Its versatility and selectivity make it a powerful tool for researchers seeking to discover new drugs and better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying human disease.

Norbornanes are a class of compounds in organic chemistry that contain a norbornane skeleton, which is a bicyclic structure consisting of two fused cyclohexane rings. One of the rings is saturated, while the other contains a double bond. The name "norbornane" comes from the fact that it is a "nor" (short for "norcarene") derivative of bornane, which has a similar structure but with a methyl group attached to one of the carbon atoms in the saturated ring.

Norbornanes have a variety of applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Some derivatives of norbornane have been explored for their potential as drugs, particularly in the areas of central nervous system agents and anti-inflammatory agents. However, there is no specific medical definition associated with "norbornanes" as they are a class of chemical compounds rather than a medical term or condition.

Polymerization is not exclusively a medical term, but it is widely used in the field of medical sciences, particularly in areas such as biochemistry and materials science. In a broad sense, polymerization refers to the process by which small molecules, known as monomers, chemically react and join together to form larger, more complex structures called polymers.

In the context of medical definitions:

Polymerization is the chemical reaction where multiple repeating monomer units bind together covalently (through strong chemical bonds) to create a long, chain-like molecule known as a polymer. This process can occur naturally or be induced artificially through various methods, depending on the type of monomers and desired polymer properties.

In biochemistry, polymerization plays an essential role in forming important biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. These natural polymers are built from specific monomer units—nucleotides for nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), amino acids for proteins, and sugars for polysaccharides—that polymerize in a highly regulated manner to create the final functional structures.

In materials science, synthetic polymers are often created through polymerization for various medical applications, such as biocompatible materials, drug delivery systems, and medical devices. These synthetic polymers can be tailored to have specific properties, such as degradation rates, mechanical strength, or hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, depending on the desired application.

Compressive strength is a measure of the maximum compressive load that a material or structure can withstand before failure or deformation. It is typically expressed in units of pressure, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPa). Compressive strength is an important property in the design and analysis of structures and materials, as it helps to ensure their safety and durability under compressive loads.

In medical terminology, compressive strength may refer to the ability of biological tissues, such as bone or cartilage, to withstand compressive forces without deforming or failing. For example, osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone density and compressive strength, which can increase the risk of fractures in affected individuals. Similarly, degenerative changes in articular cartilage can lead to decreased compressive strength and joint pain or stiffness.

I couldn't find a medical definition specifically for "delayed-action preparations." However, in the context of pharmacology, it may refer to medications or treatments that have a delayed onset of action. These are designed to release the active drug slowly over an extended period, which can help to maintain a consistent level of the medication in the body and reduce the frequency of dosing.

Examples of delayed-action preparations include:

1. Extended-release (ER) or controlled-release (CR) formulations: These are designed to release the drug slowly over several hours, reducing the need for frequent dosing. Examples include extended-release tablets and capsules.
2. Transdermal patches: These deliver medication through the skin and can provide a steady rate of drug delivery over several days. Examples include nicotine patches for smoking cessation or fentanyl patches for pain management.
3. Injectable depots: These are long-acting injectable formulations that slowly release the drug into the body over weeks to months. An example is the use of long-acting antipsychotic injections for the treatment of schizophrenia.
4. Implantable devices: These are small, biocompatible devices placed under the skin or within a body cavity that release a steady dose of medication over an extended period. Examples include hormonal implants for birth control or drug-eluting stents used in cardiovascular procedures.

Delayed-action preparations can improve patient compliance and quality of life by reducing dosing frequency, minimizing side effects, and maintaining consistent therapeutic levels.

Polymethacrylic acids are not typically referred to as a medical term, but rather as a chemical one. They are a type of synthetic polymer made up of repeating units of methacrylic acid (MAA). These polymers have various applications in different industries, including the medical field.

In medicine, polymethacrylates are often used in the formulation of controlled-release drug delivery systems, such as beads or microspheres, due to their ability to swell and shrink in response to changes in pH or temperature. This property allows for the gradual release of drugs encapsulated within these polymers over an extended period.

Polymethacrylates are also used in dental applications, such as in the production of artificial teeth and dentures, due to their durability and resistance to wear. Additionally, they can be found in some surgical sealants and adhesives.

While polymethacrylic acids themselves may not have a specific medical definition, their various forms and applications in medical devices and drug delivery systems contribute significantly to the field of medicine.

Viscosity is a physical property of a fluid that describes its resistance to flow. In medical terms, viscosity is often discussed in relation to bodily fluids such as blood or synovial fluid (found in joints). The unit of measurement for viscosity is the poise, although it is more commonly expressed in millipascals-second (mPa.s) in SI units. Highly viscous fluids flow more slowly than less viscous fluids. Changes in the viscosity of bodily fluids can have significant implications for health and disease; for example, increased blood viscosity has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, while decreased synovial fluid viscosity can contribute to joint pain and inflammation in conditions like osteoarthritis.

Experimental implants refer to medical devices that are not yet approved by regulatory authorities for general use in medical practice. These are typically being tested in clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy. The purpose of experimental implants is to determine whether they can be used as a viable treatment option for various medical conditions. They may include, but are not limited to, devices such as artificial joints, heart valves, or spinal cord stimulators that are still in the developmental or testing stage. Participation in clinical trials involving experimental implants is voluntary and usually requires informed consent from the patient.

Cell culture is a technique used in scientific research to grow and maintain cells from plants, animals, or humans in a controlled environment outside of their original organism. This environment typically consists of a sterile container called a cell culture flask or plate, and a nutrient-rich liquid medium that provides the necessary components for the cells' growth and survival, such as amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and hormones.

There are several different types of cell culture techniques used in research, including:

1. Adherent cell culture: In this technique, cells are grown on a flat surface, such as the bottom of a tissue culture dish or flask. The cells attach to the surface and spread out, forming a monolayer that can be observed and manipulated under a microscope.
2. Suspension cell culture: In suspension culture, cells are grown in liquid medium without any attachment to a solid surface. These cells remain suspended in the medium and can be agitated or mixed to ensure even distribution of nutrients.
3. Organoid culture: Organoids are three-dimensional structures that resemble miniature organs and are grown from stem cells or other progenitor cells. They can be used to study organ development, disease processes, and drug responses.
4. Co-culture: In co-culture, two or more different types of cells are grown together in the same culture dish or flask. This technique is used to study cell-cell interactions and communication.
5. Conditioned medium culture: In this technique, cells are grown in a medium that has been conditioned by previous cultures of other cells. The conditioned medium contains factors secreted by the previous cells that can influence the growth and behavior of the new cells.

Cell culture techniques are widely used in biomedical research to study cellular processes, develop drugs, test toxicity, and investigate disease mechanisms. However, it is important to note that cell cultures may not always accurately represent the behavior of cells in a living organism, and results from cell culture experiments should be validated using other methods.

Iridoids are a type of naturally occurring compounds that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are characterized by the presence of a cyclopentanoid structure fused to a monoterpene unit. Iridoids have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects. Some iridoids also have potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

In a medical context, iridoids may be mentioned in relation to their presence in certain medicinal plants or herbs used in traditional medicine, or in research investigating their potential pharmacological properties. However, it is important to note that the use of iridoid-containing plants or supplements should only be done under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional, as with any medical treatment.

Drug delivery systems (DDS) refer to techniques or technologies that are designed to improve the administration of a pharmaceutical compound in terms of its efficiency, safety, and efficacy. A DDS can modify the drug release profile, target the drug to specific cells or tissues, protect the drug from degradation, and reduce side effects.

The goal of a DDS is to optimize the bioavailability of a drug, which is the amount of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available at the site of action. This can be achieved through various approaches, such as encapsulating the drug in a nanoparticle or attaching it to a biomolecule that targets specific cells or tissues.

Some examples of DDS include:

1. Controlled release systems: These systems are designed to release the drug at a controlled rate over an extended period, reducing the frequency of dosing and improving patient compliance.
2. Targeted delivery systems: These systems use biomolecules such as antibodies or ligands to target the drug to specific cells or tissues, increasing its efficacy and reducing side effects.
3. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems: These systems use nanoparticles made of polymers, lipids, or inorganic materials to encapsulate the drug and protect it from degradation, improve its solubility, and target it to specific cells or tissues.
4. Biodegradable implants: These are small devices that can be implanted under the skin or into body cavities to deliver drugs over an extended period. They can be made of biodegradable materials that gradually break down and release the drug.
5. Inhalation delivery systems: These systems use inhalers or nebulizers to deliver drugs directly to the lungs, bypassing the digestive system and improving bioavailability.

Overall, DDS play a critical role in modern pharmaceutical research and development, enabling the creation of new drugs with improved efficacy, safety, and patient compliance.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of biomolecules that provides structural and biochemical support to cells in tissues and organs. It is composed of various proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides, such as collagens, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, and proteoglycans. The ECM plays crucial roles in maintaining tissue architecture, regulating cell behavior, and facilitating communication between cells. It provides a scaffold for cell attachment, migration, and differentiation, and helps to maintain the structural integrity of tissues by resisting mechanical stresses. Additionally, the ECM contains various growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines that can influence cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Overall, the extracellular matrix is essential for the normal functioning of tissues and organs, and its dysregulation can contribute to various pathological conditions, including fibrosis, cancer, and degenerative diseases.

Chitosan is a complex carbohydrate that is derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, such as shrimp and crabs. It is made up of chains of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-glucosamine units. Chitosan has been studied for its potential medical and health benefits, including its ability to lower cholesterol levels, promote weight loss, and help control blood sugar levels. It is also used in wound care products due to its antibacterial and absorbent properties. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and establish recommended dosages and safety guidelines.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a type of electron microscopy that uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample and produce a high-resolution image. In SEM, a beam of electrons is scanned across the surface of a specimen, and secondary electrons are emitted from the sample due to interactions between the electrons and the atoms in the sample. These secondary electrons are then detected by a detector and used to create an image of the sample's surface topography. SEM can provide detailed images of the surface of a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and biological samples. It is commonly used in materials science, biology, and electronics for the examination and analysis of surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale.

Chondrogenesis is the process of cartilage formation during embryonic development and in the healing of certain types of injuries. It involves the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, which are the specialized cells that produce and maintain the extracellular matrix of cartilage.

During chondrogenesis, the mesenchymal stem cells condense and form a template for the future cartilaginous tissue. These cells then differentiate into chondrocytes, which begin to produce and deposit collagen type II, proteoglycans, and other extracellular matrix components that give cartilage its unique biochemical and mechanical properties.

Chondrogenesis is a critical process for the development of various structures in the body, including the skeletal system, where it plays a role in the formation of articular cartilage, growth plates, and other types of cartilage. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate chondrogenesis is important for developing therapies to treat cartilage injuries and degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cells found in various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood. They have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, under specific conditions. MSCs also possess immunomodulatory properties, making them a promising tool in regenerative medicine and therapeutic strategies for various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and tissue injuries. It is important to note that the term "Mesenchymal Stem Cells" has been replaced by "Mesenchymal Stromal Cells" in the scientific community to better reflect their biological characteristics and potential functions.

Acrylates are a group of chemical compounds that are derived from acrylic acid. They are commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications, including the production of plastics, resins, paints, and adhesives. In the medical field, acrylates are sometimes used in the formation of dental restorations, such as fillings and dentures, due to their strong bonding properties and durability.

However, it is important to note that some people may have allergic reactions or sensitivities to acrylates, which can cause skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis, or other adverse effects. Therefore, medical professionals must use caution when working with these materials and ensure that patients are informed of any potential risks associated with their use.

A drug carrier, also known as a drug delivery system or vector, is a vehicle that transports a pharmaceutical compound to a specific site in the body. The main purpose of using drug carriers is to improve the efficacy and safety of drugs by enhancing their solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, while minimizing unwanted side effects.

Drug carriers can be made up of various materials, including natural or synthetic polymers, lipids, inorganic nanoparticles, or even cells and viruses. They can encapsulate, adsorb, or conjugate drugs through different mechanisms, such as physical entrapment, electrostatic interaction, or covalent bonding.

Some common types of drug carriers include:

1. Liposomes: spherical vesicles composed of one or more lipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.
2. Polymeric nanoparticles: tiny particles made of biodegradable polymers that can protect drugs from degradation and enhance their accumulation in target tissues.
3. Dendrimers: highly branched macromolecules with a well-defined structure and size that can carry multiple drug molecules and facilitate their release.
4. Micelles: self-assembled structures formed by amphiphilic block copolymers that can solubilize hydrophobic drugs in water.
5. Inorganic nanoparticles: such as gold, silver, or iron oxide nanoparticles, that can be functionalized with drugs and targeting ligands for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
6. Cell-based carriers: living cells, such as red blood cells, stem cells, or immune cells, that can be loaded with drugs and used to deliver them to specific sites in the body.
7. Viral vectors: modified viruses that can infect cells and introduce genetic material encoding therapeutic proteins or RNA interference molecules.

The choice of drug carrier depends on various factors, such as the physicochemical properties of the drug, the route of administration, the target site, and the desired pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Therefore, selecting an appropriate drug carrier is crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects.

Biomimetics, also known as biomimicry, is the process of mimicking or taking inspiration from nature and biological systems to design materials, structures, or processes that solve human problems. It involves studying the models, systems, and elements of nature and then applying the knowledge gained to create new technologies and solutions.

In a medical context, biomimetics can be used to develop new therapies, medical devices, and diagnostic tools. For example, researchers might look to the structure of a spider's web to design a better surgical mesh or take inspiration from the way a gecko sticks to surfaces to create a new type of adhesive bandage.

Biomimetics is an interdisciplinary field that draws on knowledge from biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and materials science. It has the potential to lead to innovative solutions in healthcare, sustainability, energy, transportation, and other areas.

Cell survival refers to the ability of a cell to continue living and functioning normally, despite being exposed to potentially harmful conditions or treatments. This can include exposure to toxins, radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, or other stressors that can damage cells or interfere with their normal processes.

In scientific research, measures of cell survival are often used to evaluate the effectiveness of various therapies or treatments. For example, researchers may expose cells to a particular drug or treatment and then measure the percentage of cells that survive to assess its potential therapeutic value. Similarly, in toxicology studies, measures of cell survival can help to determine the safety of various chemicals or substances.

It's important to note that cell survival is not the same as cell proliferation, which refers to the ability of cells to divide and multiply. While some treatments may promote cell survival, they may also inhibit cell proliferation, making them useful for treating diseases such as cancer. Conversely, other treatments may be designed to specifically target and kill cancer cells, even if it means sacrificing some healthy cells in the process.

Acrylic resins are a type of synthetic polymer made from methacrylate monomers. They are widely used in various industrial, commercial, and medical applications due to their unique properties such as transparency, durability, resistance to breakage, and ease of coloring or molding. In the medical field, acrylic resins are often used to make dental restorations like false teeth and fillings, medical devices like intraocular lenses, and surgical instruments. They can also be found in orthopedic implants, bone cement, and other medical-grade plastics. Acrylic resins are biocompatible, meaning they do not typically cause adverse reactions when in contact with living tissue. However, they may release small amounts of potentially toxic chemicals over time, so their long-term safety in certain applications is still a subject of ongoing research.

Viscoelastic substances are materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic properties when undergoing deformation. In the context of medicine, viscoelastic substances are often used to describe certain biological fluids, such as synovial fluid found in joints, or the vitreous humor in the eye. These fluids have a complex structure that allows them to behave as a liquid and a solid simultaneously, providing resistance to sudden force while also allowing for smooth movement over time.

Artificial viscoelastic substances are also used in medical applications, such as in surgical sealants and hemostatic agents, which are designed to control bleeding by forming a gel-like substance that fills wounds and helps to promote clotting. These materials have unique properties that allow them to conform to the shape of the wound and provide sustained pressure to help stop bleeding.

Surface properties in the context of medical science refer to the characteristics and features of the outermost layer or surface of a biological material or structure, such as cells, tissues, organs, or medical devices. These properties can include physical attributes like roughness, smoothness, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical properties like charge, reactivity, and composition.

In the field of biomaterials science, understanding surface properties is crucial for designing medical implants, devices, and drug delivery systems that can interact safely and effectively with biological tissues and fluids. Surface modifications, such as coatings or chemical treatments, can be used to alter surface properties and enhance biocompatibility, improve lubricity, reduce fouling, or promote specific cellular responses like adhesion, proliferation, or differentiation.

Similarly, in the field of cell biology, understanding surface properties is essential for studying cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and cell behavior. Cells can sense and respond to changes in their environment, including variations in surface properties, which can influence cell shape, motility, and function. Therefore, characterizing and manipulating surface properties can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular processes and offer new strategies for developing therapies and treatments for various diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyesters" is not a medical term. It is a term used in materials science and textile industry to describe a type of synthetic fiber made from polymers characterized by the presence of ester groups in their main chain. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those instead!

Nanofibers are defined in the medical field as fibrous structures with extremely small diameters, typically measuring between 100 nanometers to 1 micrometer. They can be made from various materials such as polymers, ceramics, or composites and have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, which makes them useful in a variety of biomedical applications. These include tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and filtration. Nanofibers can be produced using different techniques such as electrospinning, self-assembly, and phase separation.

Sepharose is not a medical term itself, but it is a trade name for a type of gel that is often used in medical and laboratory settings. Sepharose is a type of cross-linked agarose gel, which is derived from seaweed. It is commonly used in chromatography, a technique used to separate and purify different components of a mixture based on their physical or chemical properties.

Sepharose gels are available in various forms, including beads and sheets, and they come in different sizes and degrees of cross-linking. These variations allow for the separation and purification of molecules with different sizes, charges, and other properties. Sepharose is known for its high porosity, mechanical stability, and low non-specific binding, making it a popular choice for many laboratory applications.

... are not to be confused with nanogel, a nanoparticle composed of a hydrogel. The synthesis of ... The responsiveness of hydrogels is a result of their molecular structure and polymer networks. Hydrogel nanoparticles have a ... Hydrogels are controlled drug delivery agents that can be engineered to have desired properties. Specifically, hydrogels can be ... The stimulus-sensitivity of hydrogels allow for a responsive release system where the hydrogels can be designed to deliver the ...
... are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel. A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a ... hydrogels Polyethylene glycol(PEG) polymers are synthetic materials that can be crosslinked to form hydrogels. PEG hydrogels ... Self-healing hydrogels encompass a wide range of applications. With a high biocompatibility, hydrogels are useful for a number ... A hybrid of these two polymer types allows for the creation of hydrogels with novel properties. An example of a hybrid hydrogel ...
... physical hydrogels and chemical hydrogels. Chemical hydrogels have covalent cross-linking bonds, whereas physical hydrogels ... Hydrogels generated in this manner are sometimes called 'permanent' hydrogels. Hydrogels are prepared using a variety of ... The term 'hydrogel' was coined in 1894. The crosslinks which bond the polymers of a hydrogel fall under two general categories ... Gelatin hydrogels are formed by temperature change. A water solution of gelatin forms an hydrogel at temperatures below 37-35 ° ...
Impregnated hydrogel dressings are dry dressings (e.g. gauzes) saturated with an amorphous hydrogel. Sprayable hydrogel ... "Hydrogels: Sheets". Wound Source. "Hydrogels: Amorphous". Wound Source. "Hydrogels: Impregnated". Wound Source. He, Jacqueline ... Self-assembling designer peptide hydrogels are another type of synthetic hydrogel in development. Natural hydrogel dressings ... The efficacy of hydrogel dressings has been assessed on various wound types. There is some evidence to suggest that hydrogels ...
For example, a hydrogel based on gum tragacanth increases the water content of clay soil by up to 5.35% and of sandy loam by up ... these may be mitigated with hydrogels. Hydrogels are hydrophilic crosslinked polymers that form three-dimensional molecular ... Hydrogels of different kinds could be useful in agriculture, reducing drought stress in plants, making better use of irrigation ... Hydrogels developed for this purpose include polymers of oligooxyethylene methacrylate, linked by ionic and covalent bonds to a ...
Although only being able to produce short hydrogel fibers, production of hydrogel fiber by polymerizing the hydrogel network ... Hydrogel fiber is a hydrogel made into a fibrous state, where its width is significantly smaller than its length. The ... Hydrogel fiber can be used to fabricate scaffolds for cell growth and drug release. Stimuli-responsive hydrogel fibers can be ... But the production of hydrogel fiber can be challenging as the hydrogel is crosslinked and can not be shaped into a fibrous ...
Hydrogel size and type are the two main properties considered in designing hydrogels when seeking the optimal delivery route ... Since traditional hydrogels were able to encapsulate and carry materials, research into drug-loaded hydrogels began to expand ... Dubbed as "smart hydrogels" or "stimuli-responsive hydrogels", these gels are able to dynamically respond to external or ... Physical hydrogels contain reversible matrices of hydrogen and non-covalent bonds, while chemical hydrogels are composed of ...
... is the hydrogel viscosity Typical Rf-PEG hydrogel diffusivities for 2 nm quantum dots are on the order of 10−16 m2/s, so ... Hydrogel encapsulation of the QDs opens up a new range of applications, such as: Biosensors Enzymes and other bio-active ... The formation of hydrogels is a phenomenon observed in superabsorbent polymers, or "slush powders," in which the polymer, often ... It has been observed that a stable hydrogel can only be formed with PEG backbones weighing between six and ten thousand Daltons ...
These fibers can be used to create a hydrogel, which is a type of material that is made up of a network of cross-linked polymer ... Hydrogel from wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is used as a matrix for 3D cell culture, providing a three-dimensional ... NFC hydrogel in 3D cell culture offers a platform for various biomedical applications. Different cell lines and cell types have ... GrowDex is NFC hydrogel for 3D cell culture commercialized by UPM, Finland. NFC fiber network structure and dimensions in ...
... also aids synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogels. These gels are made of water-swellable nano-scale clay ( ... Haraguchi, K. (2008). "Nanocomposite hydrogels". Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science. 11 (3-4): 47-54. Bibcode ... Haraguchi, K.; Takehisa T. (2002). "Nanocomposite hydrogels: a unique organic-inorganic network structure with extraordinary ...
Li J, Li X, Ni X, Wang X, Li H, Leong KW (August 2006). "Self-assembled supramolecular hydrogels formed by biodegradable PEO- ... Lu HD, Charati MB, Kim IL, Burdick JA (March 2012). "Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels engineered with a self-assembling Dock ... Deng W, Yamaguchi H, Takashima Y, Harada A (2007-07-02). "A chemical-responsive supramolecular hydrogel from modified ... Appel EA, del Barrio J, Loh XJ, Scherman OA (September 2012). "Supramolecular polymeric hydrogels". Chemical Society Reviews. ...
Hydrogels have a high water content, with some hydrogels containing up to 90% water. Active drugs and other substances ... Hydrogels are biocompatible. They also swell to a greater volume than organogels when in contact with water and other natural ... Hydrogels can be used as drug delivery vehicles, for transdermal application, ophthalmic drug delivery, cancer treatment or for ... Examples of hydrogels include aluminum oxide gels, and bentonite magma. Drugs administered through topical application can act ...
The use of hydrogel in the biomedical field was pioneered in 1960 by Drahoslav Lím and Otto Wichterle. Together, they ... With the ability to undergo shear thinning, hydrogels are well suited for the development of 3D printing. Due to their stimuli ... Polymers encompass a large range of soft matter with applications in material science, an example of this is hydrogel. ... For example, there are limited applications in imagining hydrogels with TEM due to the processes required for imaging, however ...
Kwok A. Y.; Qiao G. G.; Solomon D. H. (2004). "Synthetic hydrogels 3. Solvent effects on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) ...
Hydrogels are soft solids consisting of a three dimensional network of natural or synthetic polymers with a high water content ... Hydrogels that can fully fluidize followed by self-healing are of particular interest in biomedical engineering for the ... Hydrogels based on non-covalent interactions or dynamic covalent chemistry can exhibit self-healing properties after cutting or ... Taylor, Danielle Lynne; in het Panhuis, Marc (November 2016). "Self‐Healing Hydrogels". Advanced Materials. 28 (41): 9060-9093 ...
The ability of hydrogels to be tailored to specific needs allows them to be used as an adaptable scaffold material, that are ... Hydrogel alginates have emerged as one of the most commonly used materials in organ printing research, as they are highly ... Alginate hydrogel that is suitable for extrusion printing is also often less structurally and mechanically sound; however, this ... Augst, Alexander D.; Kong, Hyun Joon; Mooney, David J. (2006-08-07). "Alginate Hydrogels as Biomaterials". Macromolecular ...
... it causes hydrogel degradation and color fading. This allows for the engineered hydrogel to display with color its integrity ... Chen Z, Mo M, Fu F, Shang L, Wang H, Liu C, Zhao Y (November 2017). "Antibacterial Structural Color Hydrogels". ACS Applied ... Since the existence of silver nanoparticles prevent bacterial adhesion (there is already bacteria existing in the hydrogel) ...
It can form hydrogels. 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) "AMPS". Ataman Kimya (in Turkish). Retrieved 2023-07- ...
Augst, AD; Kong, HJ; Mooney, DJ (7 August 2006). "Alginate hydrogels as biomaterials". Macromolecular Bioscience. 6 (8): 623-33 ... is best known for his work in the use of biomaterials for regenerative and tissue engineering particularly alginate hydrogels. ...
Hydrogels Microparticles Nanoparticles Kong; Li; Wang; Adhikari (2011). "Preparation of gelatin microparticles using water-in- ... "Mesenchymal stem cell and gelatin microparticle encapsulation in thermally and chemically gelling injectable hydrogels for ...
... hydrogel suspension, effectively targeting the tumor via injection. Additionally, researchers have developed hydrogel-based ... Gel-based delivery of CAR-T cells involves implantation or injection of a hydrogel or polymer gel into the target solid tumor. ... Regardless, hydrogel-based CAR-T delivery systems have shown promise in translational experimentations towards solid tumor ... Some of the methodologies used to suspend and deliver CAR-T cells include hydrogel and polymeric gel-based delivery systems, ...
Cross-linked Hydrogel The reaction scheme below is a terpolymerization to form a cross-linked hydrogel. The reactant ammonium ... PNIPA is one of the most studied thermosensitive hydrogels. In dilute solution, it undergoes a coil-to-globule transition. ... Upon heating above the LCST, the hydrogel goes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic state. This conversion results in an expulsion ... doi:10.1016/0168-3659(90)90138-j. Allan S. Hoffman; Ali Afrassiabi; Liang Chang Dong (1986). "Thermally reversible hydrogels: ...
It can form hydrogels. PolyMAPTAC, or poly[(3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl] trimethylammonium chloride), is similar. v t e ( ...
Spherical hydrogels, in micro-size (50-600 µm diameter) with 3-dimensional cross-linked polymer, can be used as drug carrier to ... These hydrogels are called microgels. They may possess a negative charge as example DC-beads. By ion-exchange mechanism, a ... an example being hydrogels). Sustained release's definition is more akin to a "controlled release" rather than "sustained". ...
Like other biomaterials, resilin is a hydrogel, meaning it is swollen with water. The water content of resilin at neutral pH is ... In particular, hydrogels composed of recombinant resilins have been utilized as tissue engineering scaffolds for mechanically- ... During its study, pure resilin was synthesized into 20% protein-mass hydrogel and was cross-linked with ruthenium-catalyzed ... Connon C, Hamley I (March 2014). Hydrogels in Cell-Based Therapies. The Royal Society of Chemistry. doi:10.1039/9781782622055. ...
ISBN 978-0-7514-0421-0. Park H, Park K, Shalaby WS (1993). Biodegradable Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. CRC Press. p. 102. ISBN ...
Park H; Park K; Shalaby WS (1993). Biodegradable Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. CRC Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-1566760041. v t e ( ...
Hydrogel Gel in which the swelling agent is water. Note 1: The network component of a hydrogel is usually a polymer network. ... Hydrogels are highly absorbent (they can contain over 90% water) natural or synthetic polymeric networks. Hydrogels also ... Nanocomposite hydrogels or hybrid hydrogels, are highly hydrated polymeric networks, either physically or covalently ... Note 2: A hydrogel in which the network component is a colloidal network may be referred to as an aquagel. Xerogel Open network ...
For instance, hydrogels made of proteins are used as scaffolds in knee replacement. In baking, thermoreversible glazes such as ... Klouda, Leda (November 1, 2015). "Thermoresponsive hydrogels in biomedical applications: A seven-year update". European Journal ... Klouda, Leda; Mikos, Antonios G. (January 1, 2008). "Thermoresponsive hydrogels in biomedical applications". European Journal ... "Advanced hydrogels for the repair of cartilage defects and regeneration". Bioactive Materials. 6 (4): 998-1011. doi:10.1016/j. ...
Gaharwar, AK; Peppas, NA; Khademhosseini, A (March 2014). "Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications". Biotechnology ... values make them useful for improving the mechanical properties of biomedical nanocomposites and nanocomposite hydrogels, even ...
Nanocomposite hydrogels are not to be confused with nanogel, a nanoparticle composed of a hydrogel. The synthesis of ... The responsiveness of hydrogels is a result of their molecular structure and polymer networks. Hydrogel nanoparticles have a ... Hydrogels are controlled drug delivery agents that can be engineered to have desired properties. Specifically, hydrogels can be ... The stimulus-sensitivity of hydrogels allow for a responsive release system where the hydrogels can be designed to deliver the ...
... have been incorporated into hydrogels to improve the properties (e.g., mechanical strength) of conventional hydrogels and/or ... In this mini-review, we highlight the recent progress in GO-incorporated hydrogels for biomedical applications while focusing ... Graphene derivatives (e.g., graphene oxide (GO)) have been incorporated in hydrogels to improve the properties (e.g., ... mechanical strength) of conventional hydrogels and/or develop new functions (e.g., electrical conductivity and drug loading/ ...
The natural abilities of squid tissues and the creativity of chemists combine to take hydrogel research in new directions. ... New Granular Hydrogel Bioink Could Expand Possibilities for Tissue Bioprinting. Sep. 1, 2022 Every day in the United States, 17 ... Squid tissues and chemistry combine for versatile hydrogels. Date:. January 20, 2023. Source:. Hokkaido University. Summary:. ... Hydrogels are polymer networks containing large quantities of water, and are being explored for many uses, including medical ...
... its hydrogel! And its poised to transform everything from dentistry to brain implants. ... But with hydrogels, you could get perfect mechanical matching.". Hydrogels also tend to be nontoxic, so the immune system may ... Put simply, a hydrogel is like a mesh bag of water. The mesh is made of polymers, or spaghetti-like strands of molecules, ... Lab-made hydrogels can be loaded with cargo (like a ball in the net), including cells or drugs that help mimic some of those ...
The Special Issue of "Advances in Multifunctional Tough Hydrogels for Medical Devices" emphasizes new synthetic hydrogels and ... functional tough hydrogels in wearable medical gadgets; and tough hydrogels for biosensors and bioelectronics. ... advanced manufacturing and fabrication of multifunctional tough hydrogels; theoretical fundamentals of tough hydrogels for ... Interests: sensors; hydrogels; polymer gels; polymer network; soft robotics. Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI ...
Bovine chrondrocytes, seeded in hydrogels, were used to asses the cell responses tp the hydrogels. Preliminary studies showed ... Hydrogels prepared from these dimethacrylates can provide a basis for the understanding how their material properties influence ... and a preliminary assessment of the correlation of mechanical and cell response to hydrogel structural variations. PEGs with ... Synthesis and Characterization of PEG and PEG Urethane Dimethacrylate Hydrogels, American Chemical Society Meeting, Undefined ...
The hydrogel system was developed by US researchers from the University of Texas at Austins Cockerell School of Engineering in ... The system embeds cells which are bioengineered to over produce a product into a solid support of hydrogel. As a cross-linked ... which are embedded in a hydrogel. This approach could help people in remote communities, in conflict zones or in situations ... polymer, the hydrogel can be 3D printed or manually extruded. The gel material, along with the cells inside, can flow then ...
... the hydrogels elastic modulus or its chemistry. When the hydrogels were used to transplant MSCs, the hydrogels elasticity ... Here, by developing injectable, void-forming hydrogels that decouple pore formation from elasticity, we show that mesenchymal ... the hydrogels elastic modulus or its chemistry. When the hydrogels were used to transplant MSCs, the hydrogels elasticity ... Figure 3: Controlling cell deployment kinetics from void-forming hydrogels in vitro and in vivo.. ...
... Source A discussion of the various deterioration mechanisms ... A new zinc-hydrogel system for cathodic protection of concrete structures which has been used successfully on reinforced, post- ... The cost effectiveness of the zinc-hydrogel system will be compared with other cathodic protection systems as well as other ... The research data used in developing the zinc-hydrogel material will be presented and compared with actual data from commercial ...
HYDROGEL FACE MASK - CHARCOAL Regular price $13.25 Sale price $6.97 / /* Widget: Purchase options */ label.rc_label { color: # ... ":"HYDROGEL FACE MASK - CHARCOAL - 1 Kit (3 Applications)","public_title":"1 Kit (3 Applications)","options":["1 Kit (3 ...
What are the benefits of SpaceOAR® Hydrogel?. SpaceOAR® Hydrogel, a NICE-approved water-based hydrogel spacing device, has ... Is SpaceOAR® Hydrogel right for me?. We can only make a booking for this procedure upon receiving a referral from your GP or a ... What is SpaceOAR® Hydrogel?. Prostate cancer is currently one of the most common cancers in the UK; more than 40,000 cases are ... The hydrogel is inserted via a fine needle into the space between the prostate and rectum, under anaesthetic. The gel fills the ...
Scientists sought to form longer-lifetime response complexes in a hydrogel and use those longer responses to produce unique ... Hydrogels are 3D materials that can absorb large amounts of liquid. Scientists have developed many kinds of hydrogels that ... In synthetic hydrogels, by contrast, the cascade of reactions ends almost instantly. This means that hydrogels have fast ... By programming how hydrogels respond and behave, scientists could design hydrogels for complex applications. For example, these ...
Hydrogels: soft matters in photomedicine B. Khurana, P. Gierlich, A. Meindl, L. C. Gomes-da-Silva and M. O. Senge, Photochem. ... Among them, hydrogels and 3D polymer scaffolds with the ability to swell in aqueous media have been deeply investigated. ... Particularly, hydrogel-based formulations present real potential to fulfill all requirements of an ideal PDT platform by ... In this perspective, we summarize the use of hydrogels as carrier systems of PSs to enhance the effectiveness of PDT against ...
Hydrogels can remodel the hostile stroke microenvironment to aid endogenous and exogenous regenerative repair processes. … ... Hydrogels can remodel the hostile stroke microenvironment to aid endogenous and exogenous regenerative repair processes. ... Specifically, we suggest that a better understanding of human host stroke tissue-hydrogel interactions in addition to the ... Towards clinical translation of second-generation regenerative stroke therapies: hydrogels as game changers? Trends ...
Mary Kay® Hydrogel Eye Patches. The Mary Kay® Hydrogel Eye Patches have earned the Good Housekeeping Seal†, after evaluation or ... Mary Kay® Hydrogel Eye Patches use the fun delivery system of hydrogel - water suspended in a gel matrix - to flood the eye ... Mary Kay® Hydrogel Eye Patches. Instantly revive puffy eyes with a luxuriously refreshing treatment. Thanks to a stay-in-place ...
Buy Lancôme Advanced Génifique Hydrogel Melting Sheet Mask at Macys today. FREE Shipping and Free Returns available, or buy ... Hydrogel Matrix: Releases ingredients by melting into the skin and contains a full 30 ml serums worth of Bifidus Prebiotic. ... Remove the white mesh and apply onto clean skin, hydrogel side down. ...
Simple solvent exchange then converted the hydrogel structures into the 3D solvated graphene frameworks, which could be readily ... the scientists used a modified hydrothermal method to generate free-standing cubes of a graphene hydrogel from graphite oxide. ... report on the preparation of a graphene hydrogel, which can be easily converted into solvated graphene frameworks. These ... phys.org/news/2015-03-graphene-hydrogels-high-performance-anodes.html ...
Their work builds on existing research that shows injecting a hydrogel can promote the development of new muscle cells and help ... But a UTA scientist hopes to stem those effects, thanks to a new hydrogel that could repair heart tissue. ... bioactive hydrogel that could be injected into the heart to promote the regrowth of new tissue cells. ...
DNA is an irreplaceable building block for the construction of novel 3D hydrogels, because of its multifunctional tunability, ... DNA is a perfect polymeric molecule for interfacing biology with material science to construct hydrogels with fascinating ... The key design parameters to achieve responsive DNA hydrogels are discussed and challenges of DNA hydrogel fabrication are ... Novel advances in the fabrication of DNA hydrogels and further recognition of unique properties that DNA can impart to the ...
... January 24th, 2013 Medgadget Editors ... After the hydrogel is applied, the biofilm is destroyed as seen on the bottom image. The small portion of cells left have ... However, unlike most antibiotics and hydrogels, which target the internal machinery of bacteria to prevent replication, this ... Press release: IBM and The Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Develop New Antimicrobial Hydrogel to Fight Superbugs ...
SpaceOAR™ Hydrogel. What is SpaceOAR™ Hydrogel?. SpaceOAR Hydrogel is an absorbable gel material that creates a temporary space ... Is SpaceOAR Hydrogel covered by insurance?. SpaceOAR Hydrogel is covered by many insurance plans and is reimbursed by Medicare ... SpaceOAR Hydrogel stays in place for about three months. After about six months, the hydrogel is naturally absorbed into the ... In what type of radiation treatment can SpaceOAR Hydrogel be used?. SpaceOAR Hydrogel can be used in all types of radiation ...
Global Hydrogel Dressing Market Report 2022 comes with the extensive industry analysis by Introspective Market Rese ... Chapter 5: Hydrogel Dressing Market by Type. 5.1 Hydrogel Dressing Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine. 5.2 Hydrogel ... Chapter 5: Hydrogel Dressing Market by Type. 5.1 Hydrogel Dressing Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine. 5.2 Hydrogel ... Global Hydrogel Dressing Market Research Report 2023. Abstract Global Hydrogel Dressing Market Overview:. Global Hydrogel ...
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NassifMD 2-piece Detox Pads & Hydro Gel Set. What It Is. This 2-piece set includes 60 Detox Pads and a Hydro-Gel Serum.. ... I would have liked to try the Hydro Gel but after numerous tries to fix it, the pump would not work and I couldnt even pour ... Love the Detox Pads, Love The Hydro Gel. Such Improvement of my Face, Diminished Pores and Fine Lines. I Am 70 do not wear ... Hydro-Gel Serum. ingredients: aqua (water), rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf water, propanediol, glycerin, sclerotium gum ...
Dynarex DynaGel Moisturizing Wound Hydrogel relieves and treats minor skin irritation and itching of minor cuts, scraped and ... Decrease quantity for Dynarex DynaGel Moisturizing Wound Hydrogel - 3 oz Tube Increase quantity for Dynarex DynaGel ... Dynarex DynaGel Moisturizing Wound Hydrogel relieves and treats minor skin irritation and itching of minor cuts, scraped and ... Dynarex DynaGel Moisturizing Wound Hydrogel - 3 oz Tube Dynarex DYN-1280-1PK ...
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Carbon Nitride for Stronger Hydrogels. Author: ChemistryViews.org. Hydrogels are useful materials due to their low weight, ... The formed hydrogel shows significantly improved mechanical strength compared with analogous hydrogels prepared with common ... g-CN-based hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties could be promising for a number of advanced hydrogel applications. ... The swelling factor of the material is reduced from 2 for the non-reinforced hydrogel to 1.2−1.7 for the g-CN-derived material ...
  • The synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogels is a process that requires specific material and method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods of synthesis of hydrogels … a review. (nature.com)
  • Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Tomás Bauleth-Ramos, Hélder A. Santos*, " DNA Hydrogel Assemblies: Bridging Synthesis Principles to Biomedical Applications ", Adv. Ther. (helsinki.fi)
  • In their review article, researchers from the University of Helsinki first sought to comprehensively discuss physicochemical identifications and key features that can directly affect the design and synthesis of DNA based hydrogels. (helsinki.fi)
  • Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, and colleagues have used g-CN as both photoinitiator and reinforcing material in hydrogel synthesis. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Montheil T, Echalier C, Martinez J, Subra G, Mehdi A. Inorganic polymerization: an attractive route to biocompatible hybrid hydrogels. (nature.com)
  • Preparation and enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid hydrogels comprising ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and sodium alginate. (nature.com)
  • The current proof-of-concept work should be just the start for exploring many other hybrid hydrogels that could exploit the unique properties of other natural systems. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels) are nanomaterial-filled, hydrated, polymeric networks that exhibit higher elasticity and strength relative to traditionally made hydrogels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Swelling (and de-swelling) distinguishes NC gels from conventionally-made hydrogels (OR gels) as it is a property that OR gels lack. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the broader category of "gels" could be filled with anything, including chemical solvents, water is the key ingredient that sets hydrogels apart, making them ideal for, as some scientists put it, "merging humans and machines. (webmd.com)
  • His new hydrogels start as fully formed gels (which help preserve the drug contents) inside a syringe. (webmd.com)
  • Several architectural topologies, such as double-network hydrogels, hybrid-ionic gels, nanocomposite gels, and dynamic crosslinked gels, have been introduced over the last two decades to surpass the poor mechanical properties of conventional hydrogels. (mdpi.com)
  • The team, led by Brown School of Engineering bioengineer Antonios Mikos and graduate student Jason Guo, has developed modular, injectable hydrogels enhanced by bioactive molecules anchored to the chemical crosslinkers that give the gels structure. (materialstoday.com)
  • Quantitative results on the mean-squared displacement and the van Hove displacement distributions of NPs show that all NPs entrapped in the smart hydrogels undergo subdiffusion at both low and high temperatures. (rsc.org)
  • The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Hydrogel Dressing market in 2020. (bharatbook.com)
  • This data shows that nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit superior strength relative to conventionally-made hydrogels, which would have broken down under less compression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lab-made hydrogels can be loaded with cargo (like a ball in the net), including cells or drugs that help mimic some of those functions. (webmd.com)
  • All this has made hydrogels the new darling of the bioengineering world. (webmd.com)
  • Bioengineering Professor Yi Hong and his team-which includes Professor Kytai Nguyen, Associate Professor Jun Liao, and Ge Zhang from the University of Akron-are developing a biodegradable, bioactive hydrogel that could be injected into the heart to promote the regrowth of new tissue cells. (uta.edu)
  • Rice University graduate student Jason Guo fills a mold with the bioactive hydrogel. (materialstoday.com)
  • Graphene and graphene derivatives (e.g., graphene oxide (GO)) have been incorporated into hydrogels to improve the properties (e.g., mechanical strength) of conventional hydrogels and/or develop new functions (e.g., electrical conductivity and drug loading/delivery). (nature.com)
  • Researchers at Hokkaido University in Japan have combined natural squid tissues with synthetic polymers to develop a strong and versatile hydrogel that mimics many of the unique properties of biological tissues. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Unlike the natural tissues that researchers wish to mimic, most synthetic hydrogels have uniform properties in all directions and are structurally weak. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By combining the properties of tissues derived from squid with synthetic polymers, we have demonstrated a hybrid strategy that serves as a general method for preparing hydrogels with useful hierarchical anisotropy and also toughness," says polymer scientist Tasuku Nakajima of the Hokkaido University team. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The Special Issue of "Advances in Multifunctional Tough Hydrogels for Medical Devices" emphasizes new synthetic hydrogels and their associated advanced fabrication techniques for engineering medical devices. (mdpi.com)
  • In synthetic hydrogels, by contrast, the cascade of reactions ends almost instantly. (nanowerk.com)
  • I characterized the mechanics and proteomics of real bone marrow and used this data to customize the design of a hydrogel made with only PEG and synthetic peptides. (umass.edu)
  • Nanocomposite hydrogels are not to be confused with nanogel, a nanoparticle composed of a hydrogel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using clay platelets that do not swell or exfoliate in water, using an organic cross-linker such as N,N-methylenebisacrylamide(BIS), mixing of clay and BIS, or preparing nanocomposite hydrogels in a method other than cross-link, will be unsuccessful. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite all the specifications, the process of synthesizing nanocomposite hydrogels is simple and because of the flexible nature of the material, these hydrogels can be easily made to come in different shapes such as huge blocks, sheets, thin films, rods, hollow tubes, spheres, bellows and uneven sheets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tensile testings were performed on nanocomposite hydrogels to measure the stress and strain it experiences when elongated under room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hysteresis is used to measure the compression properties of nanocomposite hydrogels, which shows that this material can withstand around 90% compression. (wikipedia.org)
  • The porous network of clay particles enable nanocomposite hydrogels to swell in the presence of water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nanocomposite hydrogels are observed to be temperature sensitive and will change temperature when their surrounding is altered. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nanocomposite hydrogels that are enforced with carbon-based nanomaterials are mechanically tough and electrically conducive, which make them suitable for use in biomedicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, even though these nanocomposite hydrogels demonstrate some functions of human tissue in lab environments, more research is needed to ensure their utility as tissue replacement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nanocomposite hydrogels incorporated with polymeric nanoparticles are tailored for drug delivery and tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most inorganic nanoparticles used for nanocomposite hydrogels are already present in and necessary for the body, and thus present no negative impacts on the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Song F, Li X, Wang Q, Liao L, Zhang C. Nanocomposite hydrogels and their applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. (nature.com)
  • Hydrogels are polymer networks containing large quantities of water, and are being explored for many uses, including medical prosthetics, soft robotic components and novel sensor systems. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Hydrogels are cross-linked hydrophilic polymer networks with low optical background and high loading capacity for immobilization of biomolecules. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • According to the researchers, g-CN-based hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties could be promising for a number of advanced hydrogel applications. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels are tunable cell culture platforms that recapitulate tissue geometry, water content, and bulk modulus. (umass.edu)
  • These findings provide new insights for designing controlled drug release from stimuli-responsive hydrogels, including autonomously switch on/off drug release in response to physical and chemical stimuli. (rsc.org)
  • Inspired by flexible biological tissues, researchers incorporate carbon-based, polymeric, ceramic and/or metallic nanomaterials to give these hydrogels superior characteristics like optical properties and stimulus-sensitivity which can potentially be very helpful to medical (especially drug delivery and stem cell engineering) and mechanical fields. (wikipedia.org)
  • The addition of polymeric nanoparticles gives these hydrogels a reinforced polymeric network that is more stiff and has the ability to enclose hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs along with genes and proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA is a perfect polymeric molecule for interfacing biology with material science to construct hydrogels with fascinating properties for a wide variety of biomedical applications. (helsinki.fi)
  • What is SpaceOAR® Hydrogel? (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • What are the benefits of SpaceOAR® Hydrogel? (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • SpaceOAR® Hydrogel, a NICE-approved water-based hydrogel spacing device, has recently been adopted by NHS England's Innovation Programme. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Is SpaceOAR® Hydrogel right for me? (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • What happens during SpaceOAR® Hydrogel treatment? (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • SpaceOAR Hydrogel is an absorbable gel material that creates a temporary space between the prostate and the rectum, potentially reducing radiation dose to the rectum during prostate cancer radiation. (archbold.org)
  • Why is SpaceOAR Hydrogel important for patients? (archbold.org)
  • SpaceOAR Hydrogel is a gel spacer that temporarily moves the rectal wall farther away from the prostate. (archbold.org)
  • Clinical data demonstrated the benefits of SpaceOAR Hydrogel, including a reduction of rectal injury resulting in maintained bowel function and a higher likelihood of maintaining urinary and sexual function. (archbold.org)
  • As with any medical treatment, there are some risks involved with the use of SpaceOAR Hydrogel. (archbold.org)
  • SpaceOAR Hydrogel is made up of two liquids that, when combined, form a soft gel material mostly made of water. (archbold.org)
  • The material that the SpaceOAR Hydrogel is made from has been used in other implants, such as surgical sealants used in the eye, brain and spine. (archbold.org)
  • SpaceOAR Hydrogel can be placed in a short visit at Archbold Urology. (archbold.org)
  • In what type of radiation treatment can SpaceOAR Hydrogel be used? (archbold.org)
  • SpaceOAR Hydrogel can be used in all types of radiation therapy for the prostate. (archbold.org)
  • Patients are usually able to go back to normal activities shortly after SpaceOAR Hydrogel is implanted. (archbold.org)
  • SpaceOAR Hydrogel stays in place for about three months. (archbold.org)
  • Is SpaceOAR Hydrogel covered by insurance? (archbold.org)
  • SpaceOAR Hydrogel is covered by many insurance plans and is reimbursed by Medicare on a case-by-case basis. (archbold.org)
  • SpaceOAR Hydrogel works as a spacer between the rectum and the prostate, which helps lower the amount of radiation exposed to the rectum. (riversideonline.com)
  • Unique molecular interactions between graphene derivatives and various small or macromolecules enable the fabrication of various functional hydrogels appropriate for different biomedical applications. (nature.com)
  • In this mini-review, we highlight the recent progress in GO-incorporated hydrogels for biomedical applications while focusing on their specific uses as mechanically strong materials, electrically conductive scaffolds/electrodes, and high-performance drug delivery vehicles. (nature.com)
  • Recent developments in tough hydrogels for biomedical applications. (nature.com)
  • Hydrogels for biomedical applications. (nature.com)
  • Chai Q, Jiao Y, Yu X. Hydrogels for biomedical applications: their characteristics and the mechanisms behind them. (nature.com)
  • Biomedical applications of hydrogels: a review of patents and commercial products. (nature.com)
  • In addition, potential usages of DNA hydrogels for different biomedical applications are highlighted by giving different examples of efforts intending to bring the molecule of DNA into the realm of bulk materials. (helsinki.fi)
  • 8,9 3D printing of nanocellulose hydrogels is being used in biomedical applications to support living cell growth for tissue engineering, implants, and cardiovascular devices. (cdc.gov)
  • The stimulus-sensitivity of hydrogels allow for a responsive release system where the hydrogels can be designed to deliver the drug in response to changes in condition of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • The key design parameters to achieve responsive DNA hydrogels are discussed and challenges of DNA hydrogel fabrication are addressed from biological point of view. (helsinki.fi)
  • Responsive Hydrogel Colloids: Structure, Interactions, Phase Behaviour and Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Transitions of Microgel Dispersions. (lu.se)
  • The electrical conducting property of these hydrogels allow them to mimic the characteristic of nerve, muscle, and cardiac tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • While PEG hydrogels can easily be tuned to mimic tissue mechanics, most PEG platforms contain between 1-3 biofunctional peptide moieties, chosen to maximize cell phenotype, rather than represent features of specific tissues. (umass.edu)
  • The platelets act as cross-links to modify molecular functions to enable the hydrogels to have superior elasticity and toughness that resembles closely that of biological tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Improving hydrogels' toughness by increasing the dissipative properties of their network. (nature.com)
  • The resultant hydrogels exhibit high strength and toughness at room temperature . (bvsalud.org)
  • Hydrogels incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) possess new properties that can revolutionize areas such as drug delivery, protein crystallography, and self-assembly of photonic crystals. (confex.com)
  • Understanding the drug release kinetics and corresponding transport mechanisms of nanoparticles (NPs) in a thermoresponsive hydrogel network is the key to the successful design of smart drug delivery systems. (rsc.org)
  • The effect of incorporating RGD adhesive peptide in polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel on osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells. (nature.com)
  • The researchers knew from toxicity literature that their hydrogel capsules would be biocompatible, and would behave in a syringe. (nanowerk.com)
  • Integrating such multifunctional tough hydrogels with advanced manufacturing techniques has provided opportunities in the fabrication of medical devices that never existed before, including implantable devices, engineered tissue, medical wearables, soft electrodes and bioelectronics, artificial organs, soft actuators, rapid diagnostics, and platforms for drug discovery and disease studies. (mdpi.com)
  • Analogous to how zipper teeth link together, the short segments on the new polymers also interlock, thickening the water-based solution into re-moldable and compliant hydrogels. (medgadget.com)
  • Hydrogels are crosslinked hydrophilic polymers that undergo swelling in water. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • We construct a mesoscopic model of rigid NPs entrapped in a hydrogel network in an aqueous solution, where the hydrogel network is formed by cross-linked semiflexible polymers of thermoresponsive poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). (rsc.org)
  • The role of graphene materials in the final structure of hydrogels. (nature.com)
  • Functionalized carbon nanotube and graphene oxide embedded electrically conductive hydrogel synergistically stimulates nerve cell differentiation. (nature.com)
  • In this context, Xiangfeng Duan and his team at the University of California, Los Angeles, report on the preparation of a graphene hydrogel, which can be easily converted into solvated graphene frameworks. (phys.org)
  • To prepare the graphene frameworks, the scientists used a modified hydrothermal method to generate free-standing cubes of a graphene hydrogel from graphite oxide. (phys.org)
  • Simple solvent exchange then converted the hydrogel structures into the 3D solvated graphene frameworks, which could be readily pressed in films needed for LIB coin cells without losing their porous graphene network. (phys.org)
  • Among them, hydrogels and 3D polymer scaffolds with the ability to swell in aqueous media have been deeply investigated. (rsc.org)
  • Here, by developing injectable, void-forming hydrogels that decouple pore formation from elasticity, we show that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis in vitro , and cell deployment in vitro and in vivo , can be controlled by modifying, respectively, the hydrogel's elastic modulus or its chemistry. (nature.com)
  • Compared to a non-tissue specific hydrogel, the marrow-customized hydrogel provides a better niche for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and proliferation in response to soluble cues. (umass.edu)
  • By releasing DMOG from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) laden alginate hydrogels, it is possible to stabilize HIF-1α and enhance its nuclear localization. (amrita.edu)
  • The combination of organic (polymer) and inorganic (clay) structure gives these hydrogels improved physical, chemical, electrical, biological, and swelling/de-swelling properties that cannot be achieved by either material alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural biological tissues exhibit unique properties essential for their functions, which researchers are seeking to replicate in hydrogels. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Global Hydrogel Dressing Market Report 2022 comes with the extensive industry analysis by Introspective Market Research with development components, patterns, flows and sizes. (bharatbook.com)
  • The report also calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management through the forecast period between 2022-2028.This research study of Hydrogel Dressing involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. (bharatbook.com)
  • The Hydrogel Dressing Market Research report incorporate value chain analysis for each of the product type. (bharatbook.com)
  • Value chain analysis offers in depth information about value addition at each stage.The study includes drivers and restraints for Hydrogel Dressing Market along with their impact on demand during the forecast period. (bharatbook.com)
  • Our study Hydrogel Dressing Market helps user to make precise decision in order to expand their market presence and increase market share. (bharatbook.com)
  • Competitive analysis is the study of strength and weakness, market investment, market share, market sales volume, market trends of major players in the market.The Hydrogel Dressing market study focused on including all the primary level, secondary level and tertiary level competitors in the report. (bharatbook.com)
  • The data generated by conducting the primary and secondary research.The report covers detail analysis of driver, constraints and scope for new players entering the Hydrogel Dressing market. (bharatbook.com)
  • 4. The report starts with Hydrogel Dressing market statistics and moves to important points, with dependent markets categorized by market trend by application. (bharatbook.com)
  • BOSTON - An advanced hydrogel that promotes wound healing for second-degree burns and can be dissolved quickly and easily during dressing changes while minimizing pain and trauma for patients has been developed by bioengineers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). (massgeneral.org)
  • We successfully created a supramolecular hybrid hydrogel to eliminate painful wound dressing changes that may increase the risk of wound infections, leading to life-threatening sepsis and multi-organ failure. (massgeneral.org)
  • Specifically, we suggest that a better understanding of human host stroke tissue-hydrogel interactions in addition to the effects of scaling up hydrogel volume to human-sized cavities would help guide translation of these second-generation regenerative stroke therapies. (nih.gov)
  • I also highlighted how tissue-inspired hydrogels can improve in vitro studies of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. (umass.edu)
  • Our findings are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations of the formation and mechanical response of hydrogels with different molecular interactions. (confex.com)
  • But their bait, biomolecules in a hydrogel scaffold, lures microscopic stem cells instead of fish. (materialstoday.com)
  • Chemical and heat treatment of thin slices of the defrosted squid tissue mixed with polyacrylamide polymer molecules initiated formation of the cross-linked hybrid hydrogel. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In collaboration with Tufts University, our team set out to create a supramolecular hydrogel that could be dissolved on demand for trauma-free and quick removal by the physician, thus reducing the need for analgesics and opioids as well as for hospital stays and costs. (massgeneral.org)
  • What makes the MGH/Tufts biomaterial unique is a combination of factors, including the fact that it is dissoluble in less than five minutes for easy patient care using a solution that breaks apart the supramolecular structure of the hydrogel without any adverse effects on skin cells. (massgeneral.org)
  • Hydrogel: preparation, characterization, and applications: a review. (nature.com)
  • The current study includes the preparation/characterization of a series of polyethylen glycol (PEG) dimethacrylate, their conversions in aqueous solution to photopolymerization, and a preliminary assessment of the correlation of mechanical and cell response to hydrogel structural variations. (nist.gov)
  • Figure 1: Fabrication and characterization of void-forming hydrogels. (nature.com)
  • The current work presents a tribological method for the characterization of frictional behavior of porcine articular cartilage and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels, with the latter as a possible replacement material for cartilage. (anton-paar.com)
  • Figure 3: Controlling cell deployment kinetics from void-forming hydrogels in vitro and in vivo . (nature.com)
  • The use of hybrid self-assembling peptide (EFK8)-carbon nanotube (SWNT) hydrogels for tissue engineering and in vitro 3D cancer spheroid formation is reported. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • We describe a set of protocols that together provide a tissue-mimicking hydrogel bioink with which functional and viable 3-D tissue constructs can be bioprinted for use in in vitro screening applications. (jove.com)
  • Enter hydrogels, three-dimensional networks of molecules swollen with - by definition - water. (webmd.com)
  • Until now, hydrogels for healing have been biologically inert, and required growth factors and other biocompatible molecules to be added to the mix. (materialstoday.com)
  • The new process makes these essential molecules part of the hydrogel itself, specifically part of the crosslinkers that allow the material to keep its structure when swollen with water. (materialstoday.com)
  • By analytically investigating the ratio of configurational transformations from three-point to single-point bonding, we demonstrate how the macro-mechanical properties of NP hydrogels can be influenced by the configurable coordination between molecules. (confex.com)
  • The design parameters for the different applications of the zinc-hydrogel cathodic protection system will be described, and the effectiveness of this system will be evaluated based on different operating characteristics for each type of structure. (astm.org)
  • The research data used in developing the zinc-hydrogel material will be presented and compared with actual data from commercial installations to verify the long-term operating characteristics. (astm.org)
  • By varying the temperature crossing the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM, we can significantly change the hydrogel network characteristics. (rsc.org)
  • Bahram M, Mohseni N, Moghtader M. An introduction to hydrogels and some recent applications. (nature.com)
  • In: Emerging concepts in analysis and applications of hydrogels. (nature.com)
  • Fu J, In Het Panhuis M. Hydrogel properties and applications. (nature.com)
  • By programming how hydrogels respond and behave, scientists could design hydrogels for complex applications. (nanowerk.com)
  • Recently, hydrogels have been used for controlled release applications. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • The Global Market for Hydrogels 2024-2034 provides a comprehensive analysis of the global hydrogel landscape, technologies, companies, and applications across major industry verticals. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • This study serves as a strategic guide for companies and investors looking to capitalize on the major growth opportunities for hydrogels across a diverse set of high-potential markets and applications. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Water uptake property of hydrogels or "hungry networks" accounts for a great number of biomedical and technological applications. (scirp.org)
  • A key requirement for their successful utilization into many target applications is the understanding of how the spatial arrangement of the NPs contributes to the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. (confex.com)
  • In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Balls Of Blue And Transparent Hydrogel,", can be used in business, personal, charitable and educational design projects: it may be used in web design, printed media, advertising, book covers and pages, music artwork, software applications and much more. (freedigitalphotos.net)
  • Energy dissipation based on dynamic fracture of metal ligands is an effective way to toughen hydrogels for specific applications in biomedical and engineering fields. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hydrogels are placed directly on the wound and covered by secondary gauze or protective dressings. (massgeneral.org)
  • Hydrogel dressings for timely and healthy burn wound healing have been around for years, but they are far from ideal and represent an area of intense investigation by scientists and bioengineers," explains A. Aslihan Gokaltun, PhD, an instructor in surgery at MGH and Harvard Medical School, and first author of the study. (massgeneral.org)
  • Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymer chains with properties in between liquids and solids. (scirp.org)
  • The PAni chains allow for excellent electrical conductivity and the as-prepared hydrogel is suitable for spray coating and inkjet printing. (rsc.org)
  • Aqueous solutions of these dimethacrylates (10% by mass fraction in water) were photopolymerized to hydrogels. (nist.gov)
  • When the hydrogels were used to transplant MSCs, the hydrogel's elasticity regulated bone regeneration, with optimal bone formation at 60 kPa. (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: Manipulating stem cell osteogenesis and proliferation by controlling the elasticity of the bulk phase of void-forming hydrogels. (nature.com)
  • Hydrogels are useful materials due to their low weight, elasticity, and biocompatibilty. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Particularly, hydrogel-based formulations present real potential to fulfill all requirements of an ideal PDT platform by overcoming the solubility issues, while improving the selectivity and targeting drawbacks of the PSs alone. (rsc.org)
  • In vivo, DMOG delivery significantly reduced mineralisation of the proteoglycan-rich cartilaginous tissue generated by MSCs within alginate hydrogels loaded with TGF-β3 and BMP-2. (amrita.edu)
  • With our previous hydrogels, we typically needed to have a secondary system to deliver the biomolecules to effectively produce tissue repair,' Guo said. (materialstoday.com)
  • Then once we inject the hydrogel, the biomolecules are right where they need to be. (materialstoday.com)
  • Here, I developed a new class of tissue-specific PEG-based materials and provided biocompatible strategies to improve the user handling and cell viability post-encapsulation when using these hydrogels. (umass.edu)
  • Highly swollen crosslinked hydrophilic copolymers called "hydrogels" are synthesized by free radical crosslinking copolymerization with some multifunctional crosslinkers with some co-monomers including hydrophilic groups for increasing of their swelling capacity. (scirp.org)
  • Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. (eurekaselect.com)
  • After about six months, the hydrogel is naturally absorbed into the body and removed through urine. (archbold.org)
  • The Hydrogel Perirectal Spacer procedure can reduce tissue exposure to radiotherapy for patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • If this scan required as part of your treatment, we aim for this to take place immediately after the Hydrogel Spacer insertion. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • In this study, investigators found that the hydrogel spacer has a favorable risk-benefit profile for patients receiving radiotherapy for prostate cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
  • For men receiving prostate radiotherapy, injection of a hydrogel spacer was safe, provided prostate-rectum separation sufficient to reduce v70 rectal irradiation, and was associated with fewer rectal toxic effects and higher bowel-related quality of life (QoL) in late follow-up compared to those who did not receive a spacer, according to study results published in JAMA Network Open . (cancernetwork.com)
  • Overall, these results suggest that injection of an absorbable perirectal hydrogel spacer prior to RT for prostate cancer may reduce rectal irradiation and the associated rectal toxic effects that manifest clinically after longer-term follow-up. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The systematic review included 1 randomized clinical trial and 6 cohort studies involving a total of 1011 men, 486 of which received a hydrogel spacer and 525 who did not. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Despite the observed results in late follow-up with the hydrogel spacer, it is plausible that the duration of individual studies was insufficient to fully characterize the true magnitude of rectal toxic effects after [radiotherapy]," the authors wrote. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Though the investigators did indicate that the hydrogel spacer has a favorable risk-benefit profile for patients receiving radiotherapy for prostate cancer, it was also suggested that additional studies with adequate follow-up durations may help to provide more reliable estimates with regard to the safety and effectiveness of hydrogel spacers. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Miller LE, Efstathiou JA, Bhattacharyya SK, Payne HA, Woodward E, Pinkawa M. Association of the Placement of a Perirectal Hydrogel Spacer With the Clinical Outcomes of Men Receiving Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Hydrogels prepared from these dimethacrylates can provide a basis for the understanding how their material properties influence the cell response. (nist.gov)
  • Nanofibers and nanosheets, for example, can improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels, but often change the material's swelling properties significantly. (chemistryviews.org)
  • The sheetlike graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is one promising candidate as a reinforcer for hydrogels due to its low specific weight, cost-effectiveness, and adjustable properties. (chemistryviews.org)
  • PVA hydrogels are obtained by freeze-thaw (FT) technique (5 cycles from -20 °C to 8 °C). Viscoelastic properties of the PVA hydrogel are also characterized. (anton-paar.com)
  • And because the hydrogel is hybrid , it combines the mechanical, or elastic, properties comparable to those of a solid with the diffusive properties of a liquid for moist wound propagation. (massgeneral.org)
  • One of the advantages of hydrogels consists in their capability of high swelling and in exhibiting a first-order phase transition (collapse) caused by a small change in external conditions such as temperature, electric field, solvent composition, etc. [14] - [19]. (scirp.org)
  • Hydrogels are usually sensitive to the solvent medium composition. (scirp.org)
  • When a water-miscible non-solvent is added to water, the water-swollen hydrogel often shrinks or collapses. (scirp.org)
  • Khetan, S. & Burdick, J. A. Patterning network structure to spatially control cellular remodeling and stem cell fate within 3-dimensional hydrogels. (nature.com)
  • But a UTA scientist hopes to stem those effects, thanks to a new hydrogel that could repair heart tissue. (uta.edu)
  • US researchers have come up with a way to produce medicines and chemicals in portable 'biofactories' which are embedded in a hydrogel. (soci.org)
  • The hydrogel system was developed by US researchers from the University of Texas at Austin's Cockerell School of Engineering in collaboration with a group from the University of Washington. (soci.org)
  • Researchers have developed a polymer hydrogel that looks and feels like a squishy jelly, but acts like an ultra-hard, shatterproof glass when compressed. (materialstoday.com)
  • In a recent paper published in Advanced Healthcare Materials ( 'Crystalline Antibody-Laden Alginate Particles: A Platform for Enabling High Concentration Subcutaneous Delivery of Antibodies' ), these researchers describe a hydrogel platform for delivering monoclonal antibodies (MABs) - one type of biologic - through subcutaneous injection. (nanowerk.com)
  • Hydrogels as emerging materials for translational. (nature.com)
  • The formed hydrogel shows significantly improved mechanical strength compared with analogous hydrogels prepared with common radical initiators. (chemistryviews.org)
  • However, when the solution temperature is increased above the critical temperature, the hydrogel network collapses following the coil-to-globule transition, with the NPs tightly trapped in some local regions inside the hydrogels. (rsc.org)
  • Hydrogel particles without the cancer immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab. (nanowerk.com)
  • Hydrogel particles loaded with crystals of the cancer immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab. (nanowerk.com)
  • The insight we had was to use hydrogel particles, made from sugar-based, water-loving biopolymers that provide a nice environment where a protein is going to be very happy," says Doyle. (nanowerk.com)
  • The hydrogel particles are squeezy, and can roll over each other, and actually flow," says Erfani. (nanowerk.com)
  • Mary Kay ® Hydrogel Eye Patches use the fun delivery system of hydrogel - water suspended in a gel matrix - to flood the eye area with hydrating benefits. (marykay.com)
  • Hydrogel Matrix: Releases ingredients by melting into the skin and contains a full 30 ml serum's worth of Bifidus Prebiotic. (macys.com)
  • Despite these benefits, PEG hydrogels elicit an acute immune response, limiting their use in regenerative medicine, and they critically underrepresent the cell-instructive proteins found in the extracellular matrix (ECM). (umass.edu)
  • For a coil state, the transport of NPs in the hydrogels can be enhanced by decreasing the matrix porosity of the polymer network and NPs' size. (rsc.org)
  • To begin, prepare a tissue-specific extracellular matrix digest to be used in the hydrogel formulation as described elsewhere. (jove.com)
  • These bioinks are shear thinning, resist cell sedimentation, improve viability of multiple cell types, and enhance mechanical stability in hydrogels derived from them. (lu.se)