A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.
Large cells, usually multinucleate, whose presence is a common histologic characteristic of classical HODGKIN DISEASE.
A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may play a role in the regulation of NF-KAPPA B and APOPTOSIS. They are found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; MAST CELLS and NK CELLS. Overexpression of CD30 antigen in hematopoietic malignancies make the antigen clinically useful as a biological tumor marker. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
A biologic alkylating agent that exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming DNA ADDUCTS and DNA interstrand crosslinks, thereby inhibiting rapidly proliferating cells. The hydrochloride is an antineoplastic agent used to treat HODGKIN DISEASE and LYMPHOMA.
An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.
Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)
An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)
Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.
Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).
An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.
A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.
Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.
They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.
Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.
The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.
White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.
The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.
Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.
A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.

Intensive investigation in management of Hodgkin's disease. (1/3116)

Ninety-eight patients with clinically localised Hodgkin's disease underwent laparotomy and splenectomy to determine the extent of microscopic spread. In 68 patients the procedure was carried out for untreated disease apparently confined above the diaphragm. Abdominal disease cannot be confidently excluded on the basis of non-invasive investigation at presentation. Clinical assessment of splenic disease was unreliable unless gross splenomegaly was present. Pedal lymphography was accurate in assessing para-aortic and iliac disease but of no value in assessing other intra-abdominal lymph node involvement, including that of the mesenteric lymph node. Trephine bone marrow biopsy findings were normal in all patients before surgery, and only one patient was found to have diseased bone marrow by Stryker-saw biopsy at operation. Liver disease was identified at operation in nine patients, some of whom were asymptomatic with clinically undetectable splenic and nodal disease. Detailed clinical staging failed to detect disease in one-third of patients who underwent laparotomy. These studies show that if radiotherapy is to remain the treatment of choice for disease truly localised to lymph nodes a detailed staging procedure, including laparotomy and splenectomy, remains essential. The value of this potentially curative treatment is considerably diminished in the patient who has been inadequately staged.  (+info)

Prednisone in MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. (2/3116)

High remission rates have been produced by MOPP (mustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) chemotherapy in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease, but the prednisone component has caused adverse effects in patients who have undergone radiotherapy. The remission rates and length of remission were reviewed in 211 patients with Hodgkin's disease who received chemotherapy either with or without prednisone. In contrast to the findings of a British study, there were no significant differences in remission rates or length of remission between patients who had received prednisone and patients who had not. There were differences between the British prospective study and this retrospective one, but it is difficult to know what accounted for the substantial differences in the findings.  (+info)

Clinical presentation, course, and prognostic factors in lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's disease: report from the European Task Force on Lymphoma Project on Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin's Disease. (3/3116)

PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested that lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease (LPHD) is both clinically and pathologically distinct from other forms of Hodgkin's disease, including classical Hodgkin's disease (CHD). However, large-scale clinical studies were lacking. This multicenter, retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics and course of LPHD patients and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's disease (LRCHD) patients classified according to morphologic and immunophenotypic criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data and biopsy material of all available cases initially submitted as LPHD were collected from 17 European and American centers, stained, and reclassified by expert pathologists. RESULTS: The 426 assessable cases were reclassified as LPHD (51%), LRCHD (27%), CHD (5%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (3%), and reactive lesion (3%); 11% of cases were not assessable. Patients with LPHD and LRCHD were predominantly male, with early-stage disease and few risk factors. Patients with LRCHD were significantly older. Survival and failure-free survival rates with adequate therapy were similar for patients with LPHD and LRCHD, and were stage-dependent and not significantly better than stage-comparable results for CHD (German trial data). Twenty-seven percent of relapsing LPHD patients had multiple relapses, which is significantly more than the 5% of relapsing LRCHD patients who had multiple relapses. Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease patients had significantly superior survival after relapse compared with LRCHD or CHD patients; however, this was partly due to the younger average age of LPHD patients. CONCLUSION: The two subgroups of LPHD and LRCHD bore a close clinical resemblance that was distinct from CHD; the course was similar to that of comparable nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity patients. Thorough staging is necessary to detect advanced disease in LPHD and LRCHD patients. The question of how to treat such patients, either by reducing treatment intensity or following a "watch and wait" approach, remains unanswered.  (+info)

Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease in children and adolescents. (4/3116)

PURPOSE: To determine the treatment outcome and clinical factors that are of prognostic significance for children and adolescents with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease (HD) who received treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three consecutive children and adolescents 21 years of age or younger with relapsed or refractory HD underwent HSCT. RESULTS: At day 100 after transplantation, 29 patients (55%) were in a complete remission or maintained a continuous complete response, six (11%) had a partial response, and 11 (21%) failed to respond or had progressive disease. The failure-free survival (FFS) at 5 years was 31%, and overall survival was 43%. Twenty-one patients died of progressive HD, and nine died secondary to transplantation-related complications, including two secondary leukemias. Prognostic factors important for FFS were normal pretransplantation lactate dehydrogenase levels (5-year FFS = 42%), compared with patients with elevated LDH levels (5-year FFS = 0%) (P < .001), and disease sensitivity at the time of HSCT with FFS in untreated relapse, sensitive disease, and resistant disease 44%, 35%, and 9%, respectively (P = .06). There was no statistically significant difference in FFS or overall survival between age subgroups that were analyzed (< 13, 13 to 18, 19 to 21) or in comparison with an adult cohort. CONCLUSION: HSCT is an effective treatment modality that can result in long-term cures and should be considered for children and adolescents with relapsed HD.  (+info)

Reduced health-related quality of life among Hodgkin's disease survivors: a comparative study with general population norms. (5/3116)

BACKGROUND: Late complications after curative treatment of Hodgkin's disease are of special relevance because most of the cured are young adults. The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Hodgkin's disease (HD) survivors with normative data from the general Norwegian population and (2) to examine the relations between disease/treatment characteristics and HRQOL in the HD survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 459 HD survivors aged 19-74 years (mean 44.0, SD 11.8) treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital 1971-1991 were approached in 1994 and compared to norms from 2214 subjects approached in 1996. The norms are representative of the general Norwegian population. HRQOL was assessed by the Short Form 36 (SF-36), which measures HRQOL in eight separate scales (0 = worst health state, 100 = best health state). RESULTS: The HD survivors had lower scores than the normal controls on all scales after adjustment for age, gender and educational levels. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were found in general health (10.4), physical functioning (6.1), role limitations (physical, 9.3), physical functioning (3.6) and in vitality (4.7). Patients with disease stage IB-IIB had the lowest scores on all scales. The differences in relation to stage/substage reached statistical significance (P < 0.01) in physical functioning and in role limitations (physical). Time since diagnosis, types of primary treatment or having relapsed were not associated with statistically significant differences in HRQOL. CONCLUSION: Long-term HD survivors have poorer HRQOL, primarily in physical health, than the general Norwegian population.  (+info)

Bone marrow scintigraphy using technetium-99m antigranulocyte antibody in malignant lymphomas. (6/3116)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical reliability of immunoscintigraphy (IS) to detect infiltration of the bone marrow in patients with malignant lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Whole body IS was performed in 103 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using Tc-99m labelled anti-NCA-95 which allows visualization of the granulopoietic bone marrow. Of these, 52% were studied prior to any therapy. Findings were compared to posterior iliac crest biopsy as well as MRI and/or follow-up examination. Criteria of marrow infiltration were a positive biopsy, positive follow-up, or positive results of MRI. RESULTS: Comparison of IS and biospy revealed concordant findings in 69 and discordant findings in 34 of 103 patients. Of the 34 patients with discordant results, IS showed lesions suspicious of bone marrow infiltration in 29 patients despite normal biopsy findings. When follow-up and additional examinations were taken into consideration, 10 patients remained with probably false positive and five with false negative IS findings. IS proved to be highly sensitive and specific in patients with HD (100% and 84%, respectively) and high-grade NHL (93% and 84%, respectively). Moderate sensitivity (60%) was found in low-grade NHL. This was possibly due to false negative IS in three to five patients with chemotherapy in contrast to one of five false negative results in patients without chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow scintigraphy using antigranulocyte antibodies is highly sensitive in HD and high-grade NHL. Positive findings in IS subsequent to a negative biopsy should be followed by guided re-biopsy or MRI.  (+info)

Autotransplants for Hodgkin's disease in patients never achieving remission: a report from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry. (7/3116)

PURPOSE: Hodgkin's disease patients who never achieve complete remission with conventional chemotherapy (i.e., those with primary induction failure) have a poor prognosis. Some subjects who receive high-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic progenitor-cell infusion experience prolonged progression-free survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Detailed records from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry (ABMTR) on 122 Hodgkin's disease patients who failed to achieve complete remission after one or more conventional therapy regimens and subsequently received an autotransplant between 1989 and 1995 were reviewed. RESULTS: Median age was 27 years (range, 7 to 57 years). Median time from diagnosis to transplantation was 14 months (range, 5 to 38 months). Most patients received high-dose chemotherapy without radiation for pretransplantation conditioning (n = 107). The regimen most frequently used was cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (n = 47). Fifteen patients received total-body irradiation (n = 15). The graft consisted of bone marrow (n = 86), blood stem cells (n = 25), or both (n = 11). The 100-day mortality was 12% (95% confidence interval, 7% to 19%). Sixty patients (50%) were considered to have achieved complete remission after autotransplantation; 37 of these had negative imaging studies, whereas scan abnormalities of unknown significance persisted in 23 patients. Twenty-seven patients (22%) had no response or progressive disease after transplantation. Probabilities of progression-free and overall survival at 3 years were 38% (95% confidence interval, 28% to 48%) and 50% (95% confidence interval, 39% to 60%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, "B" symptoms at diagnosis and poor performance score at transplantation were adverse prognostic factors for outcome. CONCLUSION: Autotransplants should be considered for patients with Hodgkin's disease who do not achieve complete remission with conventional therapy.  (+info)

Stimulation of autologous blood lymphocytes by malignant lymphoma cells and homogenates. (8/3116)

The blastogenic response to autologous blood lymphocytes to whole-cell suspensions and to homogenates obtained from malignant lymphoma tissue has been investigated. Spleens were obtained from patients in whom laparotomy was performed for staging of malignant lymphoma. Cell suspensions prepared from tumour nodules were treated with mitomycin C and allowed to react with separated autologous blood lymphocytes for 6 days. Lymphocyte stimulation was measured by liquid scintillation counting after exposure to 3H-TdR. Cultures were also prepared in which autologous lymphocytes were treated with spleen tumour homogenate. Control experiments used spleens from staging procedures in which no tumour deposits were present, and normal spleens removed incidentally during other operations. In the controls, the uptake of TdR was never more than twice that of unstimulated lymphocytes. Greater degrees of lymphocyte stimulation were seen in 6 out of 14 patients, using whole tumour cells, and in 7 out of 16 patients, using tumour homogenates. The results indicate an antigenic difference between tumour and host cells, and suggest that lymphocytes can react to a tumour-associated antigen.  (+info)

Hodgkin disease, also known as Hodgkin lymphoma, is a type of cancer that originates in the white blood cells called lymphocytes. It typically affects the lymphatic system, which is a network of vessels and glands spread throughout the body. The disease is characterized by the presence of a specific type of abnormal cell, known as a Reed-Sternberg cell, within the affected lymph nodes.

The symptoms of Hodgkin disease may include painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin; fever; night sweats; weight loss; and fatigue. The exact cause of Hodgkin disease is unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and infectious factors.

Hodgkin disease is typically treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or immunotherapy, depending on the stage and extent of the disease. With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Hodgkin disease is generally very good, with a high cure rate. However, long-term side effects of treatment may include an increased risk of secondary cancers and other health problems.

Reed-Sternberg cells are a type of large, abnormal cell that are present in Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. These cells are typically characterized by the presence of two or more nuclei, one of which is often larger and irregularly shaped, giving them a "owl's eye" appearance. Reed-Sternberg cells are important in the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma as they are present in all cases of this type of cancer. However, it is worth noting that Reed-Sternberg-like cells can also be found in other conditions, such as some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and certain inflammatory disorders, so their presence alone is not enough to make a definitive diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma.

CD30 is a type of protein found on the surface of some cells in the human body, including certain immune cells like T-cells and B-cells. It is also known as Ki-1 antigen. CD30 plays a role in the regulation of the immune response and can be activated during an immune reaction.

CD30 is often used as a marker to identify certain types of cancer, such as Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. These cancers are characterized by the presence of cells that express CD30 on their surface.

CD30 antigens can be targeted with immunotherapy, such as monoclonal antibodies, to treat these types of cancer. For example, brentuximab vedotin is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD30 and has been approved for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Mechlorethamine is an antineoplastic agent, which means it is used to treat cancer. It is a type of alkylating agent, which is a class of drugs that work by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Mechlorethamine is used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as some other types of cancer. It can be administered intravenously or topically (as a cream) to treat skin lesions caused by certain types of cancer.

Mechlorethamine is a potent drug that can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and an increased risk of infection due to suppression of the immune system. It can also cause damage to the heart, lungs, and reproductive system with long-term use. As with all chemotherapy drugs, mechlorethamine should be administered under the close supervision of a healthcare professional.

Procarbazine is an antineoplastic agent, specifically an alkylating agent, used in the treatment of certain types of cancer such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain tumors. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Procarbazine is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to increase its effectiveness.

It is important to note that procarbazine can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakness. It can also suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infection. Additionally, it can cause damage to cells outside of the cancerous tissue, which can result in side effects such as hair loss and mouth sores.

Procarbazine is a prescription medication that should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional. It is important for patients to follow their doctor's instructions carefully when taking this medication and to report any side effects or concerns promptly.

Bleomycin is a type of chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, and lymphomas. It works by causing DNA damage in rapidly dividing cells, which can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

Bleomycin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces verticillus and is often administered intravenously or intramuscularly. While it can be effective in treating certain types of cancer, it can also have serious side effects, including lung toxicity, which can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. Therefore, bleomycin should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare professional who is experienced in administering chemotherapy drugs.

Vinblastine is an alkaloid derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) and is primarily used in cancer chemotherapy. It is classified as a vinca alkaloid, along with vincristine, vinorelbine, and others.

Medically, vinblastine is an antimicrotubule agent that binds to tubulin, a protein involved in the formation of microtubules during cell division. By binding to tubulin, vinblastine prevents the assembly of microtubules, which are essential for mitosis (cell division). This leads to the inhibition of cell division and ultimately results in the death of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.

Vinblastine is used to treat various types of cancers, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, and others. It is often administered intravenously in a healthcare setting and may be given as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen with other anticancer drugs.

As with any medication, vinblastine can have side effects, including bone marrow suppression (leading to an increased risk of infection, anemia, and bleeding), neurotoxicity (resulting in peripheral neuropathy, constipation, and jaw pain), nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and mouth sores. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is necessary during vinblastine treatment to manage side effects and ensure the safe and effective use of this medication.

Dacarbazine is a medical term that refers to a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is an alkylating agent, which means it works by modifying the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Dacarbazine is often used to treat malignant melanoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and soft tissue sarcomas.

The drug is typically administered intravenously in a hospital or clinic setting, and the dosage and schedule may vary depending on the type and stage of cancer being treated, as well as the patient's overall health and response to treatment. Common side effects of dacarbazine include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakness or fatigue. More serious side effects, such as low white blood cell counts, anemia, and liver damage, may also occur.

It is important for patients receiving dacarbazine to follow their doctor's instructions carefully and report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly. Regular monitoring of blood counts and other laboratory tests may be necessary to ensure safe and effective treatment.

CD20 is not a medical definition of an antigen, but rather it is a cell surface marker that helps identify a specific type of white blood cell called B-lymphocytes or B-cells. These cells are part of the adaptive immune system and play a crucial role in producing antibodies to fight off infections.

CD20 is a protein found on the surface of mature B-cells, and it is used as a target for monoclonal antibody therapies in the treatment of certain types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Rituximab is an example of a monoclonal antibody that targets CD20 and is used to treat conditions such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and rheumatoid arthritis.

While CD20 itself is not an antigen, it can be recognized by the immune system as a foreign substance when a monoclonal antibody such as rituximab binds to it. This binding can trigger an immune response, leading to the destruction of the B-cells that express CD20 on their surface.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, also known as infectious mononucleosis or "mono," is a viral infection that most commonly affects adolescents and young adults. The virus is transmitted through saliva and other bodily fluids, and can cause a variety of symptoms including fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and skin rash.

EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family and establishes lifelong latency in infected individuals. After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life, causing symptoms such as fatigue and swollen lymph nodes. In some cases, EBV infection has been associated with the development of certain types of cancer, such as Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The diagnosis of EBV infections is typically made based on a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, such as blood tests that detect the presence of EBV antibodies or viral DNA. Treatment is generally supportive and aimed at alleviating symptoms, as there is no specific antiviral therapy for EBV infections.

Vincristine is an antineoplastic agent, specifically a vinca alkaloid. It is derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus). Vincristine binds to tubulin, a protein found in microtubules, and inhibits their polymerization, which results in disruption of mitotic spindles leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death). It is used in the treatment of various types of cancer including leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Common side effects include peripheral neuropathy, constipation, and alopecia.

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates from the white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the immune system. These cells are found in various parts of the body such as the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs. Lymphoma can be classified into two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

HL is characterized by the presence of a specific type of abnormal lymphocyte called Reed-Sternberg cells, while NHL includes a diverse group of lymphomas that lack these cells. The symptoms of lymphoma may include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

The exact cause of lymphoma is not known, but it is believed to result from genetic mutations in the lymphocytes that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division. Exposure to certain viruses, chemicals, and radiation may increase the risk of developing lymphoma. Treatment options for lymphoma depend on various factors such as the type and stage of the disease, age, and overall health of the patient. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.

Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, which is a type of corticosteroid hormone. It is primarily used to reduce inflammation in various conditions such as asthma, allergies, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Prednisone works by mimicking the effects of natural hormones produced by the adrenal glands, suppressing the immune system's response and reducing the release of substances that cause inflammation.

It is available in oral tablet form and is typically prescribed to be taken at specific times during the day, depending on the condition being treated. Common side effects of prednisone include increased appetite, weight gain, mood changes, insomnia, and easy bruising. Long-term use or high doses can lead to more serious side effects such as osteoporosis, diabetes, cataracts, and increased susceptibility to infections.

Healthcare providers closely monitor patients taking prednisone for extended periods to minimize the risk of adverse effects. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage regimen and not discontinue the medication abruptly without medical supervision, as this can lead to withdrawal symptoms or a rebound of the underlying condition.

A "second primary neoplasm" is a distinct, new cancer or malignancy that develops in a person who has already had a previous cancer. It is not a recurrence or metastasis of the original tumor, but rather an independent cancer that arises in a different location or organ system. The development of second primary neoplasms can be influenced by various factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and previous treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

It is important to note that the definition of "second primary neoplasm" may vary slightly depending on the specific source or context. In general medical usage, it refers to a new, separate cancer; however, in some research or clinical settings, there might be more precise criteria for defining and diagnosing second primary neoplasms.

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs that are part of the immune system. They are found throughout the body, especially in the neck, armpits, groin, and abdomen. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid, which carries waste and unwanted substances such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. They contain white blood cells called lymphocytes that help fight infections and diseases by attacking and destroying the harmful substances found in the lymph fluid. When an infection or disease is present, lymph nodes may swell due to the increased number of immune cells and fluid accumulation as they work to fight off the invaders.

Large B-cell lymphoma, diffuse is a type of cancer that starts in cells called B-lymphocytes, which are part of the body's immune system. "Large B-cell" refers to the size and appearance of the abnormal cells when viewed under a microscope. "Diffuse" means that the abnormal cells are spread throughout the lymph node or tissue where the cancer has started, rather than being clustered in one area.

This type of lymphoma is typically aggressive, which means it grows and spreads quickly. It can occur almost anywhere in the body, but most commonly affects the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Symptoms may include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

Treatment for large B-cell lymphoma, diffuse typically involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both. In some cases, stem cell transplantation or targeted therapy may also be recommended. The prognosis varies depending on several factors, including the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's age and overall health.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It involves the abnormal growth and proliferation of malignant lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell), leading to the formation of tumors in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, or other organs. NHL can be further classified into various subtypes based on the specific type of lymphocyte involved and its characteristics.

The symptoms of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma may include:

* Painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
* Persistent fatigue
* Unexplained weight loss
* Fever
* Night sweats
* Itchy skin

The exact cause of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not well understood, but it has been associated with certain risk factors such as age (most common in people over 60), exposure to certain chemicals, immune system deficiencies, and infection with viruses like Epstein-Barr virus or HIV.

Treatment for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma depends on the stage and subtype of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor the progression of the disease and manage any potential long-term side effects of treatment.

Doxorubicin is a type of chemotherapy medication known as an anthracycline. It works by interfering with the DNA in cancer cells, which prevents them from growing and multiplying. Doxorubicin is used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and many others. It may be given alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.

Doxorubicin is usually administered through a vein (intravenously) and can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, and increased risk of infection. It can also cause damage to the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure in some cases. For this reason, doctors may monitor patients' heart function closely while they are receiving doxorubicin treatment.

It is important for patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits of doxorubicin therapy with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.

Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols refer to a treatment plan for cancer that involves the use of more than one antineoplastic (chemotherapy) drug given in a specific sequence and schedule. The combination of drugs is used because they may work better together to destroy cancer cells compared to using a single agent alone. This approach can also help to reduce the likelihood of cancer cells becoming resistant to the treatment.

The choice of drugs, dose, duration, and frequency are determined by various factors such as the type and stage of cancer, patient's overall health, and potential side effects. Combination chemotherapy protocols can be used in various settings, including as a primary treatment, adjuvant therapy (given after surgery or radiation to kill any remaining cancer cells), neoadjuvant therapy (given before surgery or radiation to shrink the tumor), or palliative care (to alleviate symptoms and prolong survival).

It is important to note that while combined chemotherapy protocols can be effective in treating certain types of cancer, they can also cause significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and an increased risk of infection. Therefore, patients undergoing such treatment should be closely monitored and managed by a healthcare team experienced in administering chemotherapy.

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that is an essential part of the immune system. They are responsible for recognizing and responding to potentially harmful substances such as viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B-lymphocytes (B-cells) and T-lymphocytes (T-cells).

B-lymphocytes produce antibodies, which are proteins that help to neutralize or destroy foreign substances. When a B-cell encounters a foreign substance, it becomes activated and begins to divide and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies. These antibodies bind to the foreign substance, marking it for destruction by other immune cells.

T-lymphocytes, on the other hand, are involved in cell-mediated immunity. They directly attack and destroy infected cells or cancerous cells. T-cells can also help to regulate the immune response by producing chemical signals that activate or inhibit other immune cells.

Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and mature in either the bone marrow (B-cells) or the thymus gland (T-cells). They circulate throughout the body in the blood and lymphatic system, where they can be found in high concentrations in lymph nodes, the spleen, and other lymphoid organs.

Abnormalities in the number or function of lymphocytes can lead to a variety of immune-related disorders, including immunodeficiency diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.

Combined modality therapy (CMT) is a medical treatment approach that utilizes more than one method or type of therapy simultaneously or in close succession, with the goal of enhancing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. In the context of cancer care, CMT often refers to the combination of two or more primary treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapies (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc.).

The rationale behind using combined modality therapy is that each treatment method can target cancer cells in different ways, potentially increasing the likelihood of eliminating all cancer cells and reducing the risk of recurrence. The specific combination and sequence of treatments will depend on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, patient's overall health, and individual preferences.

For example, a common CMT approach for locally advanced rectal cancer may involve preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemoradiation therapy, followed by surgery to remove the tumor, and then postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy. This combined approach allows for the reduction of the tumor size before surgery, increases the likelihood of complete tumor removal, and targets any remaining microscopic cancer cells with systemic chemotherapy.

It is essential to consult with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate CMT plan for each individual patient, considering both the potential benefits and risks associated with each treatment method.

B-lymphocytes, also known as B-cells, are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system's response to infection. They are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that help to neutralize or destroy pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

When a B-lymphocyte encounters a pathogen, it becomes activated and begins to divide and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies specific to the antigens on the surface of the pathogen. These antibodies bind to the pathogen, marking it for destruction by other immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages.

B-lymphocytes also have a role in presenting antigens to T-lymphocytes, another type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. This helps to stimulate the activation and proliferation of T-lymphocytes, which can then go on to destroy infected cells or help to coordinate the overall immune response.

Overall, B-lymphocytes are an essential part of the adaptive immune system, providing long-lasting immunity to previously encountered pathogens and helping to protect against future infections.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.

Medical survival rate is a statistical measure used to determine the percentage of patients who are still alive for a specific period of time after their diagnosis or treatment for a certain condition or disease. It is often expressed as a five-year survival rate, which refers to the proportion of people who are alive five years after their diagnosis. Survival rates can be affected by many factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's age and overall health, the effectiveness of treatment, and other health conditions that the patient may have. It is important to note that survival rates are statistical estimates and do not necessarily predict an individual patient's prognosis.

Survival analysis is a branch of statistics that deals with the analysis of time to event data. It is used to estimate the time it takes for a certain event of interest to occur, such as death, disease recurrence, or treatment failure. The event of interest is called the "failure" event, and survival analysis estimates the probability of not experiencing the failure event until a certain point in time, also known as the "survival" probability.

Survival analysis can provide important information about the effectiveness of treatments, the prognosis of patients, and the identification of risk factors associated with the event of interest. It can handle censored data, which is common in medical research where some participants may drop out or be lost to follow-up before the event of interest occurs.

Survival analysis typically involves estimating the survival function, which describes the probability of surviving beyond a certain time point, as well as hazard functions, which describe the instantaneous rate of failure at a given time point. Other important concepts in survival analysis include median survival times, restricted mean survival times, and various statistical tests to compare survival curves between groups.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Prognosis is a medical term that refers to the prediction of the likely outcome or course of a disease, including the chances of recovery or recurrence, based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. It is an important aspect of clinical decision-making and patient communication, as it helps doctors and patients make informed decisions about treatment options, set realistic expectations, and plan for future care.

Prognosis can be expressed in various ways, such as percentages, categories (e.g., good, fair, poor), or survival rates, depending on the nature of the disease and the available evidence. However, it is important to note that prognosis is not an exact science and may vary depending on individual factors, such as age, overall health status, and response to treatment. Therefore, it should be used as a guide rather than a definitive forecast.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

'Tumor cells, cultured' refers to the process of removing cancerous cells from a tumor and growing them in controlled laboratory conditions. This is typically done by isolating the tumor cells from a patient's tissue sample, then placing them in a nutrient-rich environment that promotes their growth and multiplication.

The resulting cultured tumor cells can be used for various research purposes, including the study of cancer biology, drug development, and toxicity testing. They provide a valuable tool for researchers to better understand the behavior and characteristics of cancer cells outside of the human body, which can lead to the development of more effective cancer treatments.

It is important to note that cultured tumor cells may not always behave exactly the same way as they do in the human body, so findings from cell culture studies must be validated through further research, such as animal models or clinical trials.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Medical Definition of "Herpesvirus 4, Human" (Epstein-Barr Virus)

"Herpesvirus 4, Human," also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a member of the Herpesviridae family and is one of the most common human viruses. It is primarily transmitted through saliva and is often referred to as the "kissing disease."

EBV is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (IM), also known as glandular fever, which is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The virus can also cause other diseases, including certain types of cancer, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Once a person becomes infected with EBV, the virus remains in the body for the rest of their life, residing in certain white blood cells called B lymphocytes. In most people, the virus remains dormant and does not cause any further symptoms. However, in some individuals, the virus may reactivate, leading to recurrent or persistent symptoms.

EBV infection is diagnosed through various tests, including blood tests that detect antibodies against the virus or direct detection of the virus itself through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. There is no cure for EBV infection, and treatment is generally supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and managing complications. Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and not sharing personal items such as toothbrushes or drinking glasses.

B-cell lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates from the B-lymphocytes, which are a part of the immune system and play a crucial role in fighting infections. These cells can develop mutations in their DNA, leading to uncontrolled growth and division, resulting in the formation of a tumor.

B-cell lymphomas can be classified into two main categories: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. B-cell lymphomas are further divided into subtypes based on their specific characteristics, such as the appearance of the cells under a microscope, the genetic changes present in the cancer cells, and the aggressiveness of the disease.

Some common types of B-cell lymphomas include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. Treatment options for B-cell lymphomas depend on the specific subtype, stage of the disease, and other individual factors. Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or stem cell transplantation.

T-cell lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the T-cells, which are a specific type of white blood cell responsible for immune function. These lymphomas develop from mature T-cells and can be classified into various subtypes based on their clinical and pathological features.

T-cell lymphomas can arise in many different organs, including the lymph nodes, skin, and other soft tissues. They often present with symptoms such as enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. The diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma typically involves a biopsy of the affected tissue, followed by immunophenotyping and genetic analysis to determine the specific subtype.

Treatment for T-cell lymphomas may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or stem cell transplantation, depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the disease. The prognosis for T-cell lymphoma varies widely depending on the subtype and individual patient factors.

The inclusion of "bulky disease" is signified by "X". Stage 1 Hodgkin lymphoma Stage 2 Hodgkin lymphoma Stage 3 Hodgkin ... "A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkin's disease. International Prognostic Factors Project on Advanced Hodgkin's Disease". The ... In 2017, approximately 990 Canadians will be diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, and 140 will die of the disease. Hodgkin lymphoma ... Hodgkin lymphoma at Curlie Hodgkin Lymphoma at American Cancer Society Hodgkin Lymphoma at the American National Cancer ...
Stier JR, Vasquez RJ (2015). "Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin's Disease in Children: A Case Study and Review of the Literature ... Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a slow-growing CD20 positive form of Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer of ... NLPHL is an uncommon sub-type of Hodgkin lymphoma, making up 5-10% of Hodgkin lymphomas. It is distinguished from classic ... 2014). "Advanced-stage nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma compared with classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a matched pair ...
... formerly designated Hodgkin's disease) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (abbreviated NHL). It was initially developed for Hodgkin's, ... Mauch P, Armitage J, Diehl V, Hoppe R, Weiss L (1999). Hodgkin's Disease. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 223-228. ISBN 978- ... Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M (November 1971). "Report of the Committee on Hodgkin's Disease ... Rosenberg SA (June 1966). "Report of the committee on the staging of Hodgkin's disease". Cancer Research. 26 (6 Part 1): 1310. ...
"Every student and every doctor knows that cases of Hodgkin's disease may show a fever that is high for one week and low for the ... Piccin p.48 Mauch, Peter; James Armitage; Volker Diehl; Richard Hoppe; Laurence Weiss (1999). Hodgkin's Disease. Lippincott ... Ree, HJ (1987). "Stromal macrophage-histiocytes in Hodgkin's disease. Their relation to fever". Cancer. 60 (1479): 1479-84. doi ... To count as Pel-Ebstein fever diagnostic workup for Hodgkin's lymphoma would be required as well if that diagnosis was not ...
Hodgkin lymphoma typically is treated with radiotherapy alone, as long as it is localized. Advanced Hodgkin disease requires ... Hodgkin lymphoma Classical Hodgkin lymphomas: Nodular sclerosis form of Hodgkin lymphoma Most common type of Hodgkin lymphoma ... A division into Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas is used in several of the older classification systems. A Hodgkin lymphoma is ... Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which are defined as being all lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphoma, are more common than Hodgkin lymphoma ...
Mauch, Peter; James Armitage; Volker Diehl; Richard Hoppe; Laurence Weiss (1999). Hodgkin's Disease. Lippincott Williams & ... In 1880, Pel was appointed Lecturer in Contagious Diseases and Physiological Diagnostics. In 1883 he became a full Professor of ... or that of a separate disease (Ebstein). Pel also discovered what came to be called "Pel's crisis," defined as "Ocular crises ... Dutch infectious disease physicians, People from Smallingerland, Leiden University alumni, Academic staff of the University of ...
... non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); Hodgkin disease; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); including hairy cell leukemia and other ... Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma, chloracne, porphyria cutanea tarda, peripheral neuropathy, ... On 26 January 2012, the U.S. Center For Disease Control's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry challenged this with ... This list now includes B cell leukemias, such as hairy cell leukemia, Parkinson's disease and ischemic heart disease, these ...
Mauch, Peter; James Armitage; Volker Diehl; Richard Hoppe; Laurence Weiss (1999). Hodgkin's Disease. Lippincott Williams & ... Nodular sclerosis (or "NSHL") is a form of Hodgkin's lymphoma that is the most common subtype of HL in developed countries. It ... November 2007). "A case of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma repeatedly relapsing in the context of composite plasma cell- ... hyaline vascular Castleman's disease: successful response to rituximab and radiotherapy". Eur. J. Haematol. 79 (5): 455-61. doi ...
"Hodgkin's Disease - Staging". oncologychannel. Archived from the original on 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2010-10-14. "Breast Cancer ... Systems of staging may differ between diseases or specific manifestations of a disease. Lymphoma: most use Ann Arbor staging ... in Hodgkin's Disease, Stage II indicates affected lymph nodes on only one side of the diaphragm, whereas Stage III indicates ... Because of its high sensitivity, RT-PCR screening for GCC greatly reduces underestimation of disease stage. Researchers hope ...
ISBN 978-0-8147-3562-6. L'esperance ES (January 1931). "Studies in Hodgkin's Disease". Annals of Surgery. 93 (1): 162-168. doi: ... List of oncogenic bacteria Infectious causes of cancer List of human diseases associated with infectious pathogens Oncovirus ... "An experimental biologic approach to the treatment of neoplastic disease; determination of actinomycin in urine and cultures as ... management and pathogenesis of the disease". Microscopy Research and Technique. 48 (6): 349-356. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029( ...
He trained as a pathologist and performed his PhD research on the Immunopathology of Hodgkin's Disease at the Department of ... Poppema, Siebrandes (1979). Immunopathology of Hodgkin's disease. rug.nl (Thesis fully internal (DIV)). Retrieved January 25, ...
Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866), English physician & pathologist; eponymist of Hodgkin's disease. Friedrich Albin Hoffmann (1843- ... William Boog Leishman (1865-1926), English authority on the pathology of human parasitic diseases (see leishmaniasis) George ... Franz Best (1878-1920), German pathologist (see Best's disease). Xavier Bichat (1771-1802), French anatomist and physiologist, ... Adolf Weil (1848-1916), German physician and pathologist (see Weil's disease). Ronald S. Weinstein (1938-2021), American ...
ISBN 978-1-4832-1841-0. G. W. Richter; Kim Solez (22 October 2013). Progress in Hodgkin's Disease. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-1 ... and Diseases. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-1-4832-8230-5. Kim Solez (1994). International Review of Experimental Pathology: vol. ...
Bonadonna, G.; Fossati, V.; De Lena, M. (1978). "MOPP versus MOPP plus ABVD in Stage IV Hodgkin's disease". Proc. Am. Assoc. ... Prior to the mid-1960s, advanced-stage Hodgkin disease was treated with single-agent chemotherapy, with fairly dismal long-term ... May 1980). "Curability of advanced Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy. Long-term follow-up of MOPP-treated patients at the ... One study found bleomycin lung damage in 18% of patients receiving ABVD for Hodgkin disease. Retrospective analyses have ...
... relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease). In Phase II clinical trials regarding multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease, ... T-cell-mediated diseases (multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and transplantations such as solid organ transplantation, ...
... interstitial lung disease (e.g., bleomycin) and occasionally secondary neoplasm (e.g., MOPP therapy for Hodgkin's disease). ... A disease resulting from aggressive chemotherapy". Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 32 (3): 206-9. doi:10.1007/BF02554529. ... including Hodgkin's disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy, as a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing ... hereditary disease, kidney dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies or anemia of chronic disease. Treatments to mitigate anemia ...
Synge suffered from Hodgkin's disease. He died aged 37 from Hodgkin's-related cancer, while writing what became Deirdre of the ... In 1897, Synge suffered his first attack of Hodgkin's, after which an enlarged gland was removed from his neck. He visited Lady ... Synge died from Hodgkin lymphoma at the Elpis Nursing Home in Dublin on 24 March 1909, aged 37, and was buried in Mount Jerome ... Deaths from Hodgkin lymphoma, Deaths from cancer in Ireland, Alumni of Trinity College Dublin, People from Rathfarnham, Burials ...
Sagar, Tenali G.; Chandra, Anita (2005). "Progress in Hodgkin's Disease Research". Trends in Hodgkin's Disease Research. Nova ... Decadence and Disease in the Russian Fin de Siècle: Neurasthenia in the Life and Work of Leonid Andreev (Oxford University ...
"Arlen Specter's Hodgkin's disease returns". CNN. April 15, 2008. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved April ... "significantly less advanced than his Hodgkin's disease when it was originally diagnosed in 2005." He underwent a second round ... Diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma in early 2005, Specter continued his work in the Senate while undergoing chemotherapy. He ... He was diagnosed six weeks earlier with a new form of the disease. On September 7, 2012, he was released from a Philadelphia ...
Rivas C, Oliva H (1974). "Nuclear bodies in Hodgkin's disease". Pathologia Europaea. 9 (4): 297-301. PMID 4457783. Tani E, ... but appear also to be elevated in many autoimmune and cancerous diseases. Nuclear dots are metabolically stable and resistant ... functional roles and cellular signalling in health and disease". Cellular Signalling. 16 (10): 1085-104. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig. ... Autoimmune diseases, Nuclear substructures, Autoantigens, Cell nucleus). ...
"Hodgkin's disease fatal to Vellone." St. Petersburg Times, Aug. 23, 1977". Pro Football Reference: Jim Vellone (Articles with ... Jim Vellone abruptly retired from the NFL in 1971 when he discovered he had Hodgkin's lymphoma. He spent the final six years of ... Although managing to live a normal life for some time, Vellone finally succumbed to the cancerous disease on August 21, 1977, a ... Vellone's career and life were cut short due to Hodgkin's lymphoma. Before he joined the pro leagues, Vellone played college ...
Some malignancies that have spread to involve the bone marrow, such as leukemia or advanced Hodgkin's disease, also cause ... Weiss RB, Brunning RD, Kennedy BJ (December 1975). "Hodgkin's disease in the bone marrow". Cancer. 36 (6): 2077-83. doi:10.1002 ... Faguet GB (October 1975). "Quantitation of immunocompetence in Hodgkin's disease". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 56 (4 ... The SARS disease caused lymphocytopenia. Among patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan China through January 29th ...
"Doctors discover Hodgkin's disease has returned". ESPN. May 6, 2005. Retrieved July 22, 2011. "Ex-NFL Star Accused of Beating, ... However, before the start of the 2003 season, he learned he had Hodgkin's disease, and he was forced to sit the season out. ... Fields returned to play in 2004 Fields learned before the start of the 2005 season that his Hodgkin's had returned, and so he ... Louis Rams, and the Carolina Panthers before missing the 2005 NFL season due to being diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma for the ...
Hors J, Dausset J (1983). "HLA and susceptibility to Hodgkin's disease". Immunol. Rev. 70: 167-92. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.1983 ... 1977). "HLA and MLC typing in patients with Hodgkin's disease". Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 16: 217-27. PMID 143667. Middleton, D.; ... Within the early studies, A1 was found associate with or protected against some infectious diseases. Some diseases found ... Most of the disease risk conferred by A*01:01 are represented by either A1 serotype risks, or A1-B8 serotype risk (In Europe A1 ...
He is now best known for the first account of Hodgkin's disease, a form of lymphoma and blood disease, in 1832. Hodgkin's work ... Thomas Hodgkin History and Timeline of Hodgkin's Disease Claus Bernet (2008). "Thomas Hodgkin". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). ... Hodgkin described the disease that bears his name (Hodgkin lymphoma) in 1832, in a paper titled On Some Morbid Appearances of ... Thomas Hodgkin was born to a Quaker family in Pentonville, St. James Parish, Middlesex, the son of John Hodgkin. He received ...
Tula died of Hodgkin's Disease in 1963. He married Rina Balter in 1964. They had no children together but were active in the ... Youngner survived many infections as a young child which left him with a lifelong interest in infectious disease. After ... and persistent newcastle disease virus. Youngner is responsible for the first equine influenza vaccine, based upon cold-adapted ... Journal of Infectious Diseases. 131 (4): 467-473. doi:10.1093/infdis/131.4.467. ISSN 0022-1899. PMID 163873. Youngner, J. S.; ...
"Curability of advanced Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy. Long-term follow-up of MOPP-treated patients at the National Cancer ... The two also collaborated to create the MOPP regimen for Hodgkin's lymphoma. As former chair of the Lymphoma Committee of the ... as well as several areas of therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant diseases. He is perhaps most known for his work ...
CD15 and CD30: used for Hodgkin's disease. Alpha fetoprotein: for yolk sac tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma. CD117 (KIT): ... a disease characterized by the formation of a specific abnormal tyrosine kinase. Imitanib has proven effective in tumors that ...
Mutt Mantle was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease; he died a few months later at the age of 40, on May 7, 1952. Mantle, at the ... which can cause Hodgkin's disease. In later life, he frequently used a line popularized by football legend Bobby Layne, a ... his father and uncle both died of Hodgkin's disease while still in their forties and presumed he would too. At the time, Mantle ... He was kicked in the left shin and developed osteomyelitis, an infectious disease incurable just a few years earlier, in his ...
Her dissertation was titled CD40 signaling Hodgkin's disease. She came to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as a postdoctoral ... Annunziata, Christina Messineo (2000). CD40 signaling Hodgkin's disease (Ph.D. thesis). Georgetown University. OCLC 45954730. " ...
Dr Thomas Hodgkin first described Hodgkin disease in 1832. ... Hodgkin disease is a cancer of the lymph system (a lymphoma) ... encoded search term (Thoracic Hodgkin Disease (Lymphoma) Imaging) and Thoracic Hodgkin Disease (Lymphoma) Imaging What to Read ... Radiographic distribution of intrathoracic disease in previously untreated patients with Hodgkins disease and non-Hodgkins ... recurrent Hodgkin disease may appear in the absence of adenopathy (especially in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin disease). ...
After partial resection of the tumor the histology indicated Hodgkin's disease-mixed cellularity. The boy received ... s disease with atypical clinical presentation, laboratory data and imaging studies as well as an increased radiosensitivity. ... and pulmonary hypertension five years after the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma without evidence of recurrence of Hodgkin&# ... The authors report a 4-year-old male with Hodgkin' ... Sanal et al., "Hodgkins disease and ataxia telangiectasia with ...
... cells in Hodgkins disease (HD) despite their expression of proliferation-associated antigens. To this end, we assessed the ... This study was undertaken to better comprehend the reasons for the scarcity of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) ... Abortive mitoses and nuclear DNA fragmentation in CD30+ large cells of Hodgkins disease Leuk Lymphoma. 1996 Jun;22(1-2):119-24 ... cells in Hodgkins disease (HD) despite their expression of "proliferation-associated antigens". To this end, we assessed the ...
Physician reviewed information for families about Hodgkin lymphoma in children, including the latest information, news, and ... About Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin Disease) In Treatment? After Treatment? ... About Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin Disease). Hodgkin lymphoma, also called Hodgkins lymphoma and Hodgkin disease, is a cancer of ... Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin Disease) in Children Home » Cancer Resources » Types of Childrens Cancer » Lymphoma in Children » ...
Epidemiology of Hodgkins disease: a review. Hematol Oncol. 2004;22:11-26. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Hodgkin Lymphoma after Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense Infection, Germany. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2022;28(7):1506- ... Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, Catanzaro A, Daley C, Gordin F, et al.; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; ... Molecular biology of Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia. 2021;35:968-81. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ...
Treatment of hodgkins disease consists of radiation therapy, if early; in more advanced cases combination chemotherapy ( ... Treatment of Hodgkins Disease. Home » Cancer » Lymphomas » Hodgkins Disease » Treatment of Hodgkins Disease ... In stage I and II treatment of Hodgkins disease consists of local radiation, which can abort Hodgkins disease with very good ... Stage III and IV patients of these patients with low-grade Hodgkins disease were first treated with combination chemotherapy ...
It is often used to assess and follow patients with Hodgkins disease and Non-Hodgkins lymphomas, as well as for monitoring ... Head and Neck Cancers Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkins Disease) Hypopharyngeal (Lower Throat) Cancer ... Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®) (Patients) Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®) (Patients) Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ... Gallium Scans in the Management of Patients With Hodgkins Disease: A Study of 101 Patients. Author: Leonard A. Farber, M.D. ...
Hodgkins Disease Presenting with Superficial Lymph Nodes and Tumors of the Scalp Dermatologica (October,2009) ... Hodgkins Disease and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Revisited Journal of Biomedical Science (August,2017) ... Localization of the gene (RSN) coding for restin, a marker for Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkins disease, to human chromosome ... Ammoniacal Silver Staining of Reed-Sternberg Cells in Hodgkins Disease Acta Haematol (March,2009) ...
We offer a variety of therapies to treat Hodgkins Disease. ... Hodgkins disease mainly affects young to middle-aged adults. ... or Hodgkins disease, lymphogranulomatosis) is a malignant tumour of the lymphatic system. It mainly affects young to middle- ... Hodgkins lymphoma (or Hodgkins disease, lymphogranulomatosis) is a malignant tumour of the lymphatic system. ... The disease was named after the English physician Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866), who first described it in 1832. ...
Allergic disease, corticosteroid use and risk of Hodgkins lymphoma: A UK Nationwide case-control study. Journal of Allergy and ... Allergic disease, corticosteroid use and risk of Hodgkins lymphoma: A UK Nationwide case-control study ... Allergic disease, corticosteroid use and risk of Hodgkins lymphoma: A UK Nationwide case-control study. ... Allergic disease, Hodgkins lymphoma, allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, corticosteroids, eczema, risk. ...
There are two types of lymphomas known as Hodgkins Disease and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. According to the American Cancer Society ... lapel pins and more or place a custom order to support Hodgkins Disase Awareness or Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Awareness for your ... Hodgkins Lymphoma Awareness is represented by the color purple. Choose below from our in stock selection of rubber wristbands ... Learn more about the causes, cures and research for Hodgkins Lymphoma on the American Cancer Society website. ...
"Hodgkin Disease" by people in this website by year, and whether "Hodgkin Disease" was a major or minor topic of these ... Lymphocyte-Rich Classical Hodgkins Lymphoma*Lymphocyte-Rich Classical Hodgkins Lymphoma. *Lymphocyte Rich Classical Hodgkins ... Therapy Selection for Hodgkin Lymphoma in Sickle Cell Disease: balancing risks and benefits. Blood Adv. 2023 05 23; 7(10):2042- ... "Hodgkin Disease" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ...
Spiers, P. S. "Hodgkins Disease In Workers In The Wood Industry" 84, no. 5 (1969). Spiers, P. S. "Hodgkins Disease In Workers ... Hodgkin Disease Humans Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Male Mortality Occupational Diseases Pollen Sex ... Title : Hodgkins Disease In Workers In The Wood Industry Personal Author(s) : Spiers, P. S. Published Date : 05/01/1969 Source ... Spiers, P. S. (1969). Hodgkins Disease In Workers In The Wood Industry. 84(5). ...
Were you diagnosed with Hodgkins Lymphoma? Learn more about your condition including DOs and DONTs for how to manage your ... What Is Hodgkins Lymphoma?. Hodgkins lymphoma (or Hodgkins disease) is a type of cancer of the lymph nodes (lymph glands). ... How Is Hodgkins Lymphoma Treated?. Treatment depends on how far the disease has spread. Chemotherapy (using drugs) and ... Certain symptoms relate to where the disease spreads.. How Is Hodgkins Lymphoma Diagnosed?. The doctor will make a diagnosis ...
The inclusion of "bulky disease" is signified by "X". Stage 1 Hodgkin lymphoma Stage 2 Hodgkin lymphoma Stage 3 Hodgkin ... "A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkins disease. International Prognostic Factors Project on Advanced Hodgkins Disease". The ... In 2017, approximately 990 Canadians will be diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, and 140 will die of the disease. Hodgkin lymphoma ... Hodgkin lymphoma at Curlie Hodgkin Lymphoma at American Cancer Society Hodgkin Lymphoma at the American National Cancer ...
Hodgkins disease of the nasopharynx: diagnostic and therapeutic approach with a review of the literature. , Annals of ... Hodgkins disease of the nasopharynx: diagnostic and therapeutic approach with a review of the literature. ...
Despite the generally excellent prognosis of children and adolescents with Hodgkins lymphoma (HL), approximately 15% of ... Short time to relapse and refractory disease at the time of autologous HSCT remain the most important risk factors. Data on ... Haematopoietic SCT for children and adolescents with relapsed and refractory Hodgkins lymphoma Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008 ... According to patient selection criteria, overall and disease-free survival rates after autologous HSCT are 43-95% and 31-70%, ...
There are two main types of lymphoma: one is called Hodgkins disease and the other is called non-Hodgkins lymphoma. There are ... Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma. Non-Hodgkins lymphomas are a type of cancer of the lymphatic system. ... Non-Hodgkins lymphomas, like other cancers, are diseases of the bodys cells. Cells in different parts of the body may work in ... In most cases of Hodgkins disease, a particular cell known as the Reed-Sternberg cell is found in the biopsies. This cell is ...
Merino J, Perez-Soler R, Luna M, Cabanillas F. Benign fibrous histiocytoma in hodgkins disease. Cancer Investigation. 1984;2(5 ... Hodgkins disease is considered a malignant disorder of the monocyte-histiocyte cell line but also includes benign inflammatory ... Hodgkins disease is considered a malignant disorder of the monocyte-histiocyte cell line but also includes benign inflammatory ... Hodgkins disease is considered a malignant disorder of the monocyte-histiocyte cell line but also includes benign inflammatory ...
Hodgkins disease and non-Hodgkins lymphomas. The cancer cells in Hodgkins disease look a certain way under a microscope. ( ... Stages of adult Hodgkins disease:. Once Hodgkins disease is found, more tests will be done to find out if the cancer has ... What is Hodgkins disease?. Hodgkins disease is a type of lymphoma. Lymphomas are cancers that develop in the lymph system, ... How adult Hodgkins disease is treated:. There are treatments for all patients with adult Hodgkins disease. Two types of ...
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... Summary. Hodgkin disease is a type of lymphoma. Lymphoma is a cancer of a part of the immune system called the ... What Are the Key Statistics for Hodgkin Disease? American Cancer Society. *Whats New in Hodgkin Disease Research and Treatment ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Hodgkin Disease National Institutes of Health. Treatments and Therapies. *Drugs Approved for Hodgkin ... The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment. In most cases, Hodgkin disease can be cured. ...
Dr Thomas Hodgkin first described Hodgkin disease in 1832. ... Hodgkin disease is a cancer of the lymph system (a lymphoma ... Advanced Hodgkin disease requires ... Hodgkin lymphoma Classical Hodgkin lymphomas: Nodular sclerosis form of Hodgkin lymphoma ... There are several types of Hodgkin Disease, including:. * Classical Hodgkin Disease: This is the most common type of Hodgkin ... Stage 1 Hodgkin lymphoma Stage 2 Hodgkin lymphoma Stage 3 Hodgkin ... "A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkins disease. ...
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Search Keyword: Hodgkin Disease The purpose of this study is to compare efficacy of coformulated favezelimab/pembrolizumab (MK- ... Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in Children and Young Adults With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. October 9, 2022. By clique_ ... in combination with chemotherapy in children and young adults with newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) who are ... relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. The study will also assess the safety and tolerability of coformulated ...
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2006) "Mortality by underlying and multiple cause, ages 18+: US, 1981-2006 (Source: ...
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NSHD: Nodular sclerosing Hodgkins disease, a lymphoma.. The disease typically arises in the lymph nodes of the chest and other ...
Treatment protocols for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are provided below, including treatment for early-stage, advanced-stage ... Hodgkins lymphoma: biology and treatment strategies for primary, refractory, and relapsed disease. Hematology Am Soc Hematol ... ESHAP is an active regimen for relapsing Hodgkins disease. Ann Oncol. 1999 May. 10(5):593-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkins disease. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun ...
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  • The authors report a 4-year-old male with Hodgkin's disease with atypical clinical presentation, laboratory data and imaging studies as well as an increased radiosensitivity. (hindawi.com)
  • After partial resection of the tumor the histology indicated Hodgkin's disease-mixed cellularity. (hindawi.com)
  • He suffered recurrent pulmonary infections and succumbed to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension five years after the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma without evidence of recurrence of Hodgkin's disease. (hindawi.com)
  • C. Sandoval and M. Swift, "Hodgkin's disease in ataxia-telangiectasia patients with poor outcomes," Medical and Pediatric Oncology , vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 162-166, 2003. (hindawi.com)
  • R. Y. J. Tamminga, W. V. Dolsma, J. A. Leeuw, and H. H. Kampinga, "Chemo- and radiosensitivity testing in a patient with ataxia telangiectasia and Hodgkin's disease," Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 163-171, 2002. (hindawi.com)
  • The concept of the GPOH-HD 2003 therapy study for pediatric Hodgkin's disease: evolution in the tradition of the DAL/GPOH studies," Klinische Pädiatrie , vol. 216, no. 3, pp. 150-156, 2004. (hindawi.com)
  • Immunodeficiency and Hodgkin's disease: treatment and outcome in the DAL HD78-90 and GPOH HD95 studies," Klinische Pädiatrie , vol. 215, no. 6, pp. 315-320, 2003. (hindawi.com)
  • In stage I and II treatment of Hodgkin's disease consists of local radiation, which can abort Hodgkin's disease with very good long-term survival rates. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Stage III and IV patients of these patients with low-grade Hodgkin's disease were first treated with combination chemotherapy and then with radiotherapy, if indicated. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Hodgkin's disease , like other medical conditions requiring intensive therapy, is dependent on clinical assessment and diagnostic imaging for careful follow-up. (oncolink.org)
  • It is often used to assess and follow patients with Hodgkin's disease and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas , as well as for monitoring various inflammatory processes. (oncolink.org)
  • The article cited above was designed to evaluate the predictive value and usefulness of periodic gallium scans in the management of patients with Hodgkin's disease. (oncolink.org)
  • 101 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease between 1990 and 1994 had a positive 67Ga at the time of diagnosis. (oncolink.org)
  • The conclusion put forth by the authors was that most patients with Hodgkin's disease have a negative gallium scan after treatment, and that a positive gallium scan should be considered a manifestation of gross residual disease. (oncolink.org)
  • A novel 160-kDa intermediate filament associated protein, named restin (Reed-Sternberg intermediate filament associated protein), is specifically expressed in the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large cell lym-phoma (Ki-1 lymphoma). (karger.com)
  • Hodgkin's lymphoma (or Hodgkin's disease, lymphogranulomatosis) is a malignant tumour of the lymphatic system. (hyperthermia-centre-hannover.com)
  • Hodgkin's disease mainly affects young to middle-aged adults. (hyperthermia-centre-hannover.com)
  • There are two types of lymphomas known as Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. (bumperstickermagnet.com)
  • Hodgkin's lymphoma (or Hodgkin's disease) is a type of cancer of the lymph nodes (lymph glands). (carle.org)
  • one is called Hodgkin's disease and the other is called non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • In most cases of Hodgkin's disease , a particular cell known as the Reed-Sternberg cell is found in the biopsies. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • A case of benign fibrous histiocytoma in a patient with previous Hodgkin's disease is reported. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hodgkin's disease is considered a malignant disorder of the monocyte-histiocyte cell line but also includes benign inflammatory cells as part of its histological picture. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The pathogenic relationship between both entities is discussed in the context of the immune dysregulation associated with Hodgkin's disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • What is Hodgkin's disease? (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • Because there is lymph tissue in many parts of the body, Hodgkin's disease can start in almost any part of the body. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • Lymphomas are divided into two general types: Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • The cancer cells in Hodgkin's disease look a certain way under a microscope. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • Adult Hodgkin's disease most commonly affects young adults and people older than 55 years of age. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • Hodgkin's disease can also occur in children and is treated differently from that in adults. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • Refer to Childhood Hodgkin's Disease Treatment for more information. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • Once Hodgkin's disease is found, more tests will be done to find out if the cancer has spread from where it started to other parts of the body. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • Each stage for Hodgkin's disease is further divided by an "A" or "B," based on whether there are certain symptoms called B symptoms. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • B symptoms include the following: loss of more than 10% of weight in the previous 6 months, fever without any known cause other than Hodgkin's disease, and night sweats that leave the body soaked. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • Thyroid carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • NSHD: Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, a lymphoma. (stylizedfacts.com)
  • Hodgkin's disease is cancer of the lymph glands, which includes the lymph nodes and the pleen. (article1000.com)
  • The cells they look for are Reed-Sternberg cells, a cell specific to Hodgkin's Disease. (lymphomainfo.net)
  • Earlier application of transplantation or development of additional effective antineoplastic modalities will be required to improve the results of transplantation for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. (umn.edu)
  • Krutchik, AN & Velasquez, W 1977, ' Campylobachter fetus Infection in a Patient With Hodgkin's Disease ', JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association , vol. 238, no. 17, pp. 1810-1811. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The object of this study was to examine cases of Hodgkin's Disease (HD) for evidence of space-time clustering of onsets by age group, sex and disease subtype. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Eleven tumors from ten patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were characterized by histologic, cytogenetic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic studies. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 6. Lymphomas (other than Hodgkin's disease). (cdc.gov)
  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves survival in HIV-associated Hodgkin's disease: results of a multicenter study. (medscape.com)
  • Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin's disease: a randomised trial. (medscape.com)
  • Gutensohn N, Cole P. Childhood social environment and Hodgkin's disease. (medscape.com)
  • Frequent detection in Hodgkin's disease. (medscape.com)
  • Weiss LM, Chen YY, Liu XF, Shibata D. Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin's disease. (medscape.com)
  • Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene products in tumour cells of Hodgkin's disease. (medscape.com)
  • Concordance for Hodgkin's disease in identical twins suggesting genetic susceptibility to the young-adult form of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) accounts for approximately 95% of all HL cases, with the other 5% being nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (NLP-HL). (medscape.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to compare efficacy of coformulated favezelimab/pembrolizumab (MK-4280A) with physician's choice chemotherapy of bendamustine or gemcitabine in participants with PD-(L)1-refractory, relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. (merckclinicaltrials.com)
  • Treatment protocols for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are provided below, including treatment for early-stage, advanced-stage, and relapsed/refractory disease. (medscape.com)
  • Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is derived by malignant transformation of a mature B cell at the germinal center stage of differentiation and is characterized pathologically by multinucleated Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells embedded in a mixed infiltrate of nonneoplastic cells. (mhmedical.com)
  • Morphologic and immunophenotypic features distinguish the four subtypes of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (accounting for 95 percent of cases) from nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma (accounting for 5 percent of cases). (mhmedical.com)
  • Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is treated with the intent to cure the disease in all stages, and long-term survival exceeds 85 percent. (mhmedical.com)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma, also called Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin disease, is a cancer of the lymphoid system. (curesearch.org)
  • The two major types of Hodgkin lymphoma are classic Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common type. (uhhospitals.org)
  • The combination of nivolumab and chemotherapy is potent and safe in patients with stage 3 or 4 classic Hodgkin lymphoma as an initial treatment," Herrera said. (iprsoftware.com)
  • We report a case of disseminated M. genavense infection preceding Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient without obvious risk factors for this infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical manifestations and radiologic findings in the course of disease in a 23-year-old woman with disseminated M. genavense infection preceding Hodgkin lymphoma, Germany. (cdc.gov)
  • Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma is not as common. (uhhospitals.org)
  • For therapeutic purposes, nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL is managed in the same way as indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (see Follicular Lymphoma [non-Hodgkin Lymphoma] ). (medscape.com)
  • A genome-wide meta-analysis of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma identifies risk loci at 6p21.32. (medscape.com)
  • Dr Thomas Hodgkin first described Hodgkin disease in 1832. (medscape.com)
  • The disease was named after the English physician Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866), who first described it in 1832. (hyperthermia-centre-hannover.com)
  • The condition was named after the English physician Thomas Hodgkin, who first described it in 1832. (wikipedia.org)
  • People with Hodgkin lymphoma may present with these symptoms: Lymphadenopathy: The most common symptom of Hodgkin is the painless enlargement of one or more lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen is often present in people with Hodgkin lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver, due to liver involvement, is infrequent in people with Hodgkin lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pain following alcohol consumption: Classically, involved nodes are painful after alcohol consumption, though this phenomenon is very uncommon, occurring in only two to three percent of people with Hodgkin lymphoma, thus having a low sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Approximately 1,180 children and adolescents each year are diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States. (curesearch.org)
  • In the United States, 88% of people diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma survive for five years or longer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma has an incidence of about 3 new cases per 100,000 individuals per year, making it one of the most common lymphomas. (medscape.com)
  • Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, like other cancers, are diseases of the body's cells. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, where multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells (RS cells) are present in the patient's lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma that involves one particular type of lymphocyte. (msdmanuals.com)
  • FDG/PET and MRI can identify involvement of bone marrow, and imaging can confirm poor prognostic indicators such as large mediastinal adenopathy, stage IV disease, systemic symptoms, and pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. (medscape.com)
  • Certain symptoms relate to where the disease spreads. (carle.org)
  • Systemic symptoms: About one-third of people with Hodgkin disease may also present with systemic symptoms, including: Itchy skin Night sweats Unexplained weight loss of at least 10% of the person's total body mass in six months or less Low-grade fever. (wikipedia.org)
  • if the patient had stage I disease with B symptoms, then the patient would have stage IB disease. (marystolfacancerfoundation.org)
  • What are the symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma in a child? (uhhospitals.org)
  • The symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma are a lot like those of other health conditions. (uhhospitals.org)
  • A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • Williams Hematology Malignant Lymphoid Diseases Press OW, Lichtman MA, Leonard JP. (mhmedical.com)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma causes abnormal growth of the cells in the lymphatic system. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. (epnet.com)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma may be treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem-cell transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radiation and some chemotherapy drugs, however, increase the risk of other cancers, heart disease, or lung disease over the subsequent decades. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regimens that combine chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) have replaced RT alone for treatment of early-stage, favorable disease. (medscape.com)
  • Doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy plays a major role in treatment of all stages of the disease, whereas radiotherapy is used selectively because of concerns for late toxicities. (mhmedical.com)
  • An historic and groundbreaking clinical trial, which for the first time in the modern era included both adolescents and adults with advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), showed that 94% of the patients treated with an experimental immunotherapy plus chemotherapy were cancer-free or had no progression of disease after one year. (iprsoftware.com)
  • The lymphocytic and histiocytic (L&H) cells of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) originate from germinal centre B cells and carry mutated V gene rearrangements, usually with intraclonal diversity. (bmj.com)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is subdivided into classic forms and lymphocyte predominant HL. (bmj.com)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
  • 12 months after completion of therapy) may be cured with conventional therapy, those with progressive disease or early relapse (3-12 months) are considered candidates for autologous HSCT. (nih.gov)
  • According to patient selection criteria, overall and disease-free survival rates after autologous HSCT are 43-95% and 31-70%, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Short time to relapse and refractory disease at the time of autologous HSCT remain the most important risk factors. (nih.gov)
  • Data suggest that young patients with recurring disease following autologous HSCT, as well as some patients with multiple relapses and selected patients with refractory lymphoma, might benefit from allogeneic HSCT, but relapse remains the major challenge. (nih.gov)
  • ABSTRACT In view of the widespread use of pesticides in Egypt and the increasing incidence of leukaemia and lymphoma we aimed to assess pesticide exposure and other selected variables as risk factors for lymphoproliferative disorders (leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma). (who.int)
  • Prognostic value of chest x-ray- and CT-defined large mediastinal adenopathy in high-risk pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Study AHOD0831. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Hodgkin disease (lymphoma) is a cancer of the lymph system that is characterized by the presence of large, abnormal Reed-Sternberg cells in a background of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and granulocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells contain monoclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements but have lost most of the B-cell-specific expression program. (mhmedical.com)
  • The inflammatory microenvironment promotes survival and allows escape of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells from immune attack. (mhmedical.com)
  • Thomas RK, Re D, Wolf J, Diehl V. Part I: Hodgkin's lymphoma--molecular biology of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. (medscape.com)
  • 0.05), as did the incidence of anal cancer, lung cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma in all age groups. (aidsmap.com)
  • The incidence of invasive disease ranges from 3.8 per 100,000 among persons aged 18-34 years to 36.4 per 100,000 among those aged ≥65 years ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • ORRHES) requested that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Tennessee Cancer Registry (TCR) of the Tennessee Department of Health assess the incidence of cancer in this area. (cdc.gov)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma must be distinguished from noncancerous causes of lymph node swelling (such as various infections) and from other types of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first sign of Hodgkin disease is often an enlarged lymph node. (aidsmap.com)
  • A lymph node biopsy is needed to diagnose Hodgkin lymphoma. (uhhospitals.org)
  • The Cotswolds modification maintains the original 4-stage clinical and pathologic staging framework of the Ann Arbor staging system but also adds information regarding the prognostic significance of bulky disease (denoted by an X designation) and regions of lymph node involvement (denoted by an E designation). (medscape.com)
  • Hodgkin Lymphoma, formerly known as Hodgkin disease, is a cancer of the lymph node(s). (thismedicallife.com.au)
  • Bone scanning is useful for evaluating bone involvement in Hodgkin disease. (medscape.com)
  • Severe or recurrent disease may need a bone marrow transplant. (carle.org)
  • The disease can spread to nearby lymph nodes, the lungs, liver, or bone marrow. (aidsmap.com)
  • A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • Involved-site radiation therapy (ISRT) is typically recommended, because high-dose, large-field radiation therapy (LFRT) increases risk for heart disease, pulmonary dysfunction, and secondary cancers. (medscape.com)
  • Radiation therapy for the lymphoma halted the progression of her neurological disease. (jamanetwork.com)
  • The projected changes in cancer diagnoses are a consequence of the ageing of people living with HIV and the success of antiretroviral therapy in preventing immunosuppression that leaves people vulnerable to AIDS-defining cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (aidsmap.com)
  • Concerns regarding late treatment effects guide therapy and followup decisions in Hodgkin lymphoma, which disproportionately affects adolescents and young adults. (mhmedical.com)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common cancer of teenagers and young adults. (curesearch.org)
  • The many types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are classified according to how fast the cancer spreads. (aidsmap.com)
  • But Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common cancer diagnosed in teens ages 15 to 19. (uhhospitals.org)
  • It depends on twhere the Hodgkin lymphoma starts and the size of the cancer. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Data are included from 3 organizations, including the German Study Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GSHG), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), and the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC). (medscape.com)
  • A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. (cancer.org)
  • 3. Breastfeeding reduces the mother's risk of ovarian and breast cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • These organs produce, store and carry white blood cells to fight infection and disease. (curesearch.org)
  • Mycobacterium genavense infection, a rare nontuberculous mycobacteria infection, occurs in heavily immunocompromised patients (i.e., those with advanced HIV disease, genetic disorders, or acquired immunologic disorders and those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy). (cdc.gov)
  • Lymph glands and lymph vessels are part of the immune system that filter infection and other diseases from the body. (carle.org)
  • Guideline] NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Hodgkin Lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • Lymphocytes and other white blood cells help your body fight disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The disease becomes evident through a painless swelling of lymph nodes, which patients typically notice by chance. (hyperthermia-centre-hannover.com)
  • Doctors suspect Hodgkin lymphoma when you have enlarged, painless lymph nodes that don't go away after a few weeks. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The proportion of SCR and DR subsets did not differ by histological subtypes, disease stage or age groups. (bmj.com)
  • The most common symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma is swelling of the lymph nodes, a condition called lymphadenopathy. (curesearch.org)
  • Swollen lymph nodes are a common symptom of colds and flus, but in Hodgkin disease, the lymph nodes are usually larger than those that occur with common infections, and they do not shrink when treated with standard medications like antibiotics. (curesearch.org)
  • An enlargement of the liver and/or spleen can be signs of the disease. (hyperthermia-centre-hannover.com)
  • The disease usually affects lymph glands, white blood cells, and the spleen. (carle.org)
  • Hepatosplenomegaly: The enlargement of both the liver and spleen can be caused by the same disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings add to the growing evidence that immune system malfunction, following allergic disease or immunosuppression, is central to HL development. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Having a weak immune system and some viral infections may increase a child's risk of having Hodgkin lymphoma. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors are deregulated in Hodgkin lymphoma, and genetic lesions involving the JAK-STAT and nuclear factor- κ B pathways are commonly identified. (mhmedical.com)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scans, which rely on anatomic evaluation, are invaluable for determining the extent of disease involvement at diagnosis. (oncolink.org)
  • CT, MRI, PET/CT, and PET/MRI play a major role in the diagnosis, staging, and response to therapy of Hodgkin lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • Other tests may in some cases include laparotomy, which is surgery on the abdomen (belly) for disease staging. (carle.org)
  • Staging shows how far the disease has spread. (carle.org)
  • Exploratory surgery (staging laparotomy) to determine the extent of the disease. (lymphomainfo.net)
  • Large cells, usually multinucleate, whose presence is a common histologic characteristic of classical HODGKIN DISEASE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is most useful for detecting disease relapse. (medscape.com)
  • Familial aggregation of Hodgkin lymphoma and related tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma spreads in a predictable, contiguous manner and is classified into four stages, I to IV. (mhmedical.com)