Gulf War
Persian Gulf Syndrome
Gulf of Mexico
Iraq
Middle East
Kuwait
Military Medicine
Bosnia-Herzegovina
War Crimes
Biological Warfare
Uranium
American Civil War
Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
Chemical Warfare Agents
Korean War
Pyridostigmine Bromide
United States
Chemical Warfare
Mycoplasma fermentans
Sarin
Communications Media
Petroleum
Great Britain
Fear of nuclear war increases the risk of common mental disorders among young adults: a five-year follow-up study. (1/58)
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the relation between fear of war and mental health is insufficient. We carried out a prospective cohort study to find out whether fear of nuclear war is related to increased risk of common mental disorders. METHODS: Within two months preceding the outbreak of Persian Gulf War in January 1991, 1518 adolescents [mean age 16.8 years, SD 0.9] filled in a self-administered questionnaire. Of the 1493 respondents, 47% gave their written informed consent to participate in the follow-up study. There were no material differences between those who chose to respond anonymously and those who volunteered to give their name and address for the follow-up study. In 1995, the response to the follow-up questionnaire was 92%. Common mental disorders were assessed by 36-item version of the General Health Questionnaire [GHQ]. A score 5 or higher was considered to indicate caseness. We excluded 23 cases which had used mental health services in the year 1991 or earlier and two cases with deficient responses to GHQ. This left 626 subjects for analysis [400 women]. RESULTS: After adjusting for significant mental health risk factors in logistic regression analysis, the risk for common mental disorders was found to be significantly related to the increasing frequency of fear for nuclear war, high scores of trait anxiety and high scores of immature defense style. Elevated risk was confined to the group reporting fear of nuclear war once a week or more often [odds ratio 2.05; 95% confidence interval 1.29-3.27]. CONCLUSION: Frequent fear of nuclear war in adolescents seems to be an indicator for an increased risk for common mental disorders and deserves serious attention. (+info)Symptoms and medical conditions in Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: relation to immunisations and other Gulf War exposures. (2/58)
AIMS: To investigate whether Australian Gulf War veterans have a higher than expected prevalence of recent symptoms and medical conditions that were first diagnosed in the period following the 1991 Gulf War; and if so, whether these effects were associated with exposures and experiences that occurred in the Gulf War. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1456 Australian Gulf War veterans and a comparison group who were in operational units at the time of the Gulf War, but were not deployed to that conflict (n = 1588). A postal questionnaire was administered and the likelihood of the diagnosis of self-reported medical conditions was assessed and rated by a medical practitioner. RESULTS: Gulf War veterans had a higher prevalence of all self-reported health symptoms than the comparison group, and more of the Gulf War veterans had severe symptoms. Increased symptom reporting was associated with several exposures, including having more than 10 immunisations, pyridostigmine bromide tablets, anti-biological warfare tablets, pesticides, insect repellents, reportedly being in a chemical weapons area, and stressful military service experiences in a strong dose-response relation. Gulf War veterans reported psychological (particularly post-traumatic stress disorder), skin, eye, and sinus conditions first diagnosed in 1991 or later more commonly than the comparison group. Over 90% of medical conditions reported by both study groups were rated by a medical practitioner as having a high likelihood of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: More than 10 years after the 1991 Gulf War, Australian veterans self-report all symptoms and some medical conditions more commonly than the comparison group. Further analysis of the severity of symptoms and likelihood of the diagnosis of medical conditions suggested that these findings are not due to over-reporting or to participation bias. (+info)The health of Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: factor analysis of self-reported symptoms. (3/58)
BACKGROUND: A recent report showed that Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War displayed a greater prevalence of a multitude of self-reported symptoms than a randomly sampled comparison group of military personnel who were eligible for deployment but were not deployed to the Gulf. AIMS: To investigate whether the pattern, rather than frequency, of symptom reporting in these Australian Gulf War veterans differed from that of the comparison group personnel. METHODS: Factor analysis was used to determine whether the co-occurrence of 62 symptoms in 1322 male Gulf War veterans can be explained by a number of underlying dimensions, called factors. The methodology was also applied to 1459 male comparison group subjects and the factor solutions of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: For the Gulf War veterans, a three factor solution displayed replicability and construct validity. The three factors were labelled as psycho-physiological distress, somatic distress, and arthro-neuromuscular distress, and were broadly similar to those described in previous studies of Gulf War veterans. A concordant three factor solution was also found for the comparison group subjects, with strong convergence of the factor loadings and factor scores across the two groups being displayed. CONCLUSION: Results did not display evidence of a unique pattern of self-reported symptoms among Gulf War veterans. Results also indicated that the differences between the groups lie in the degrees of expression of the three underlying factors, consistent with the well documented evidence of increased self-reported symptom prevalence in Gulf War veterans. (+info)Variations in health communication needs among combat veterans. (4/58)
In this cross-sectional study of US military combat veterans, we assessed the helpfulness of different media for providing health risk communication messages. We have provided preliminary results from a postal survey of 5000 veterans sampled because of their deployment to Vietnam, the Persian Gulf, or Bosnia-Kosovo. Respondents endorsed the primary care provider as the most helpful source of health information. Access to the Internet and use of this medium for seeking health information differed by race, age, and cohort. (+info)Assessing the potential health impact of the 1991 Gulf War on Saudi Arabian National Guard soldiers. (5/58)
BACKGROUND: There has been considerable publicity that the 1991 Gulf War may have caused a wide array of health problems in military personnel. Although post-war health outcomes have been studied in US, British, Canadian, Danish, and other deployed troops, this issue has not been previously evaluated in coalition forces native to the Gulf region. METHODS: A collaborative team of US and Saudi health researchers was assembled, data sources evaluated, and hospitalizations among Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) soldiers between 1991 and 1999 analysed. Multivariate modelling was used to evaluate differences between 8342 soldiers exposed to combat at Al Khafji and a comparison group of 7270 soldiers in the Riyadh area. RESULTS: Among 15 612 SANG soldiers, we identified 148 with at least one hospitalization over the 9 years following the war. The adjusted rate of hospitalization was higher in the combat-exposed group (risk ratio (RR) = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.59). No unusual patterns of diagnoses were found and, because the overall number of hospitalizations was low, the absolute difference in risk was found to be very small. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported epidemiological investigation of post-war hospitalizations among coalition forces native to the Gulf region that participated in the 1991 Gulf War. A very small increase in hospitalizations was identified in SANG soldiers exposed to combat at Al Khafji. However, because of data limitations, the clinical relevance of this finding should be interpreted with caution. Future collaborative studies to better understand the health effects of deployment should be encouraged. (+info)Neurological status of Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War and the effect of medical and chemical exposures. (6/58)
BACKGROUND: Since the 1991 Gulf War, concerns have been voiced about the effects on the health of veterans of Gulf War related medical and chemical exposures. METHODS: Our cross-sectional study compared 1424 male Australian Gulf War veterans and a randomly sampled military comparison group (n = 1548). A postal questionnaire asked about the presence of current neurological type symptoms, medically diagnosed neurological conditions, and medical and chemical exposures. A neurological examination was performed as part of a physical assessment. RESULTS: Veterans have a higher prevalence of neurological type symptoms (ratio of means 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-1.5). Although the odds ratio (OR) of lower limb neurological type symptoms and signs in veterans compared with the comparison group was increased (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.7), it was of borderline significance, and there was no difference between groups according to a Neuropathy Score based on neurological signs alone (ratio of means 1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.3). The increased OR of neurological type symptoms and signs suggestive of a central nervous system disorder (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1) was also of borderline significance. Veterans were not more likely to have self-reported medically diagnosed neurological conditions, or to have neurological type symptoms and signs suggestive of an anterior horn cell disorder (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.5-1.6). The total number of neurological type symptoms reported by veterans, but not the Neuropathy Score, was associated with Gulf War related exposures including immunizations and pyridostigmine bromide in dose-response relationships, anti-biological warfare tablets, solvents, pesticides, and insect repellents. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows increased reporting of neurological type symptoms in Gulf War veterans, but no evidence for increased neurological effects based on objective physical signs. There may be a number of factors, including information bias, relating to increased neurological type symptom reporting in veterans. (+info)Can epidemiology clear the fog of war? Lessons from the 1990-91 Gulf War. (7/58)
Despite over US $200 million having been spent researching illnesses following the 1990-91 Persian Gulf War, the nature and cause of such illnesses remains controversial. In this narrative review, we discuss some of the methodological issues that have affected epidemiological studies on this topic. These include low-response rates, ascertainment bias, recall bias, problems identifying suitable control groups, and problems defining the outcomes to study. From this we argue that difficulties have arisen partly owing to the significant delay between the point at which illnesses were first identified by veterans and the reporting of epidemiological studies and that health surveillance should be routine following future deployments. (+info)Going to war does not have to hurt: preliminary findings from the British deployment to Iraq. (8/58)
We carried out a brief longitudinal mental health screen of 254 members of the UK's Air Assault Brigade before and after deployment to Iraq last year. Analysis of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) scores before and after deployment revealed a lower score after deployment (mean difference=0.93, 95% CI 0.35-1.52). This indicated a highly significant relative improvement in mental health (P < 0.005). Moreover, only 9 of a larger sample of 421 (2%) exceeded cut-off criteria on the Trauma Screening Questionnaire. These findings suggest that war is not necessarily bad for psychological health. (+info)"Gulf War" is not a medical term per se, but it does refer to a specific historical conflict with significant medical and health implications. Officially known as the Persian Gulf War, it was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. The war lasted from August 1990 to February 1991.
Medically, the term "Gulf War veterans" or "Gulf War illness" is used to describe a range of chronic symptoms and health conditions reported by veterans of this conflict. These symptoms can include fatigue, headaches, memory and concentration problems, muscle and joint pain, neurological issues, and other unexplained medical disorders. The exact cause of these conditions is still a subject of ongoing research and debate, with possible factors including exposure to depleted uranium, pesticides, nerve agents, and other chemical compounds during the war.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "war" is not a medical term. It refers to a state of armed conflict between different nations or states or between political or social groups, usually with large-scale violence and loss of life. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Persian Gulf Syndrome" is not a widely recognized or officially defined medical condition. The term has been used informally to describe various nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive problems, and muscle pain reported by some military personnel who served in the Persian Gulf region. However, these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different factors, so it's not clear that they are related to service in the Persian Gulf.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) recognizes "Persian Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses" as a category of unexplained illnesses that some veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War experience. This includes conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and functional gastrointestinal disorders, among others. But it's important to note that these are recognized diseases with specific diagnostic criteria, not a single syndrome.
If you or someone else is experiencing persistent health issues that may be related to military service, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare provider. They can provide a thorough evaluation and help determine if the symptoms are related to service or some other cause.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Gulf of Mexico" is not a medical concept or condition. The Gulf of Mexico is a large gulf located in the North American continent, surrounded by the United States to the north, Mexico to the west and south, and Cuba to the east. It's a geographical feature, specifically an oceanic gulf, and not related to medical terminology or healthcare.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Military Personnel" is not a medical term. It refers to individuals who serve in the military forces of a country, including the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Medical terms typically refer to specific conditions, diagnoses, treatments, or anatomical features related to healthcare. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help clarify!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Iraq" is not a medical term. It is a country located in the Middle East. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Middle East" is not a medical term. It is a geographical region that includes countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, and others. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kuwait" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in the Middle East, known officially as the State of Kuwait. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!
"Military medicine" is a specific branch of medical practice that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and injuries in military populations. It encompasses the provision of healthcare services to military personnel, both in peacetime and during times of conflict or emergency situations. This may include providing care in combat zones, managing mass casualties, delivering preventive medicine programs, conducting medical research, and providing medical support during peacekeeping missions and humanitarian assistance efforts. Military medicine also places a strong emphasis on the development and use of specialized equipment, techniques, and protocols to ensure the best possible medical care for military personnel in challenging environments.
Combat disorders are a category of mental health conditions that can occur in military personnel as a result of their experiences during combat. These disorders can include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder, and adjustment disorders, among others. Combat disorders may be caused by exposure to traumatic events, such as experiencing or witnessing combat, the threat of death or serious injury, or the loss of fellow soldiers. Symptoms can include flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, difficulty sleeping, irritability, and feelings of detachment or numbness. Treatment for combat disorders typically involves a combination of medication and therapy.
Bosnia-Herzegovina is not a medical term. It is a country located in Southeastern Europe, bordered by Croatia to the north and west, Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the south. The country has a population of approximately 3.5 million people and is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and natural beauty.
Bosnia-Herzegovina is made up of two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, as well as the Brčko District, which is a self-governing administrative unit. The country has a complex political system with a three-member presidency, consisting of one member from each of the three main ethnic groups: Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs.
Bosnia-Herzegovina has faced significant challenges since the end of the Bosnian War in 1995, including political instability, economic underdevelopment, and high levels of corruption. Despite these challenges, the country is working towards greater integration with European institutions and has made progress in areas such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development.
Veterans Health, also known as Veterans Medical Care, refers to the healthcare services and benefits provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the United States. The VA operates one of the largest healthcare systems in the country, providing comprehensive medical care to eligible veterans. This includes hospital care, outpatient care, and long-term care, as well as mental health services, home health care, and geriatric and extended care services. Eligibility for VA healthcare is based on a variety of factors, including military service history, discharge status, income, and other criteria. The mission of Veterans Health is to provide high-quality, compassionate care to veterans in recognition of their service to the nation.
Veterans disability claims refer to the requests for benefits filed by veterans who have disabilities as a result of their military service. These benefits are provided through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the United States.
A veteran must be able to provide evidence of a current physical or mental disability, and a link between that disability and an injury, illness, or event that occurred during their military service. The VA then rates the severity of the disability on a scale from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10, with a higher rating indicating a more severe disability.
The VA uses this disability rating to determine the amount of compensation the veteran is entitled to receive. Benefits may also include medical treatment and vocational rehabilitation services. Veterans can appeal the decision if they disagree with the disability rating or the denial of their claim.
A "Veteran" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used to describe individuals who have served in the military. Specifically, in the United States, a veteran is defined as a person who has served in the armed forces of the country and was discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable. This definition can include those who served in war time or peace time. The term "veteran" does not imply any specific medical condition or diagnosis. However, veterans may have unique health needs and challenges related to their military service, such as exposure to hazardous materials, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other physical and mental health conditions.
I am not a medical professional, but I can tell you that the term "war crimes" is a legal concept and does not fall under the category of medical definitions. War crimes are serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in armed conflicts. They include acts such as deliberate attacks on civilians or civilian infrastructure, torture, hostage-taking, and the use of weapons that cause unnecessary suffering or superfluous injury.
If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them!
Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological agents or toxins with the intent to cause disease or death in humans, animals, or plants. These agents can be spread through the air, water, or food and can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, or toxic substances produced by living organisms. The purpose of using these agents is typically to cause widespread illness, fear, and disruption. Biological warfare is considered a weapon of mass destruction and is illegal under international law.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Uranium" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol "U" and atomic number 92. Uranium is a dense, silvery-gray metal that is hard and brittle at room temperature. It's primarily used as a fuel in nuclear power plants and in the manufacture of weapons.
While uranium does not have direct medical applications, it does pose potential health risks due to its radioactivity. Exposure to high levels of radiation from uranium can lead to acute radiation sickness, anemia, and an increased risk of cancer. However, under normal circumstances, the general public is not exposed to significant amounts of uranium, so it's not a common health concern.
The American Civil War (1861-1865) was a significant military conflict in the United States, primarily fought over the issue of slavery and its expansion into the western territories. The war was waged between the Northern states (known as the Union) and the Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed their own government, known as the Confederacy.
The Union, led by President Abraham Lincoln, was committed to preserving the country's unity and ending slavery, while the Confederacy, led by President Jefferson Davis, aimed to preserve its agrarian-based economy, social system, and states' rights, including the right to own slaves.
The war resulted in a Union victory, the abolition of slavery with the 13th Amendment, and the reunification of the country. However, it also left deep scars on the nation, causing significant loss of life, property damage, and social unrest that would take decades to heal.
The Iraq War (2003-2011) is not a medical term or concept. It refers to a military intervention and subsequent occupation of Iraq by the United States and its allies, which began on March 20, 2003, with the invasion of Iraq by U.S.-led forces. The stated reasons for the invasion included the presence of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq, which were never found, and the alleged links between the government of Saddam Hussein and terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda, which were also not substantiated.
However, it is worth noting that the Iraq War had significant medical and public health consequences for both the Iraqi population and U.S. military personnel. The conflict resulted in widespread destruction of infrastructure, displacement of civilians, and a breakdown of healthcare services, leading to increased rates of infectious diseases, malnutrition, and mental health disorders among Iraqis. Additionally, U.S. soldiers were exposed to various health hazards during their deployment, including traumatic brain injuries, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and exposure to toxic substances such as burn pits.
Therefore, while the term "Iraq War, 2003-2011" is not a medical definition, it does have important implications for medical research, practice, and policy related to military conflicts and their health impacts.
The digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that process food. Abnormalities in the digestive system can refer to a wide range of conditions that affect any part of the system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to various factors such as infection, inflammation, injury, or disease.
Some examples of digestive system abnormalities include:
1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A condition where the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and damage to the esophageal lining.
2. Peptic Ulcers: Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infections or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits.
5. Celiac Disease: An autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
6. Diverticulosis: The presence of small pouches or sacs that form on the lining of the intestine, which can become inflamed or infected (diverticulitis).
7. Hiatal Hernia: A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity.
8. Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections or toxins.
9. Cirrhosis: A chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and loss of liver function, often due to long-term alcohol abuse or hepatitis.
10. Gallstones: Small, hard deposits that form in the gallbladder and can cause pain and inflammation.
These are just a few examples of gastrointestinal disorders, and there are many others. If you are experiencing symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, or difficulty swallowing, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider to determine the cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Musculoskeletal abnormalities refer to structural and functional disorders that affect the musculoskeletal system, which includes the bones, muscles, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other related tissues. These abnormalities can result from genetic factors, trauma, overuse, degenerative processes, infections, or tumors. They may cause pain, stiffness, limited mobility, deformity, weakness, and susceptibility to injuries. Examples of musculoskeletal abnormalities include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, fractures, dislocations, tendinitis, bursitis, myopathies, and various congenital conditions.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a complex disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that does not improve with rest and is often worsened by physical or mental activity. The exact cause of CFS remains unknown, although it can be triggered by various factors such as infections, immune system dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, and stress.
The main symptom of CFS is severe fatigue that lasts for six months or longer, which is not relieved by rest and is often accompanied by other symptoms such as:
* Difficulty concentrating or remembering things
* Sore throat
* Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or armpits
* Muscle pain
* Joint pain without redness or swelling
* Headaches of a new type, pattern, or severity
* Unrefreshing sleep
* Extreme exhaustion lasting more than 24 hours after physical or mental exercise
The diagnosis of CFS is based on the patient's symptoms and medical history, as there are no specific diagnostic tests for this condition. Treatment typically focuses on relieving symptoms and improving function through a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and complementary therapies.
Chemical warfare agents are defined as chemical substances that are intended or have the capability to cause death, injury, temporary incapacitation, or sensory irritation through their toxic properties when deployed in a military theater. These agents can be in gaseous, liquid, or solid form and are typically categorized based on their physiological effects. Common categories include nerve agents (e.g., sarin, VX), blister agents (e.g., mustard gas), choking agents (e.g., phosgene), blood agents (e.g., cyanide), and incapacitating agents (e.g., BZ). The use of chemical warfare agents is prohibited by international law under the Chemical Weapons Convention.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Korean War" is a historical event rather than a medical term or condition. It refers to the conflict that took place from 1950 to 1953 between North Korea (supported by China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (supported by the United Nations, with the United States as the principal force). The war resulted in significant casualties and had global political implications. If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help with those!
Congenital abnormalities, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional anomalies that are present at birth. These abnormalities can develop at any point during fetal development, and they can affect any part of the body. They can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both.
Congenital abnormalities can range from mild to severe and may include structural defects such as heart defects, neural tube defects, and cleft lip and palate, as well as functional defects such as intellectual disabilities and sensory impairments. Some congenital abnormalities may be visible at birth, while others may not become apparent until later in life.
In some cases, congenital abnormalities may be detected through prenatal testing, such as ultrasound or amniocentesis. In other cases, they may not be diagnosed until after the baby is born. Treatment for congenital abnormalities varies depending on the type and severity of the defect, and may include surgery, therapy, medication, or a combination of these approaches.
Pyridostigmine Bromide is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as cholinesterase inhibitors. It is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue.
Pyridostigmine works by blocking the action of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for muscle contraction. By preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, pyridostigmine helps to increase its levels at the neuromuscular junction, thereby improving muscle strength and function.
The bromide salt form of pyridostigmine is commonly used because it is more soluble in water, which makes it easier to administer orally as a liquid or tablet. The medication's effects typically last for several hours, and its dosage may be adjusted based on the patient's response and any side effects experienced.
Common side effects of pyridostigmine include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased salivation, sweating, and muscle cramps. In some cases, higher doses of the medication can lead to more severe side effects such as respiratory distress, seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is essential to monitor patients closely while they are taking pyridostigmine and adjust the dosage as necessary to minimize side effects and optimize treatment outcomes.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "History, 20th Century" is a broad and complex topic that refers to the events, developments, and transformations that occurred throughout the world during the 1900s. It is not a medical term or concept. If you're interested in learning more about this historical period, I would recommend consulting a history textbook, reputable online resources, or speaking with a historian. They can provide detailed information about the political, social, economic, and cultural changes that took place during the 20th century.
Petroleum pollution is not a medical term per se, but it is an environmental and public health issue. It refers to the contamination of the environment, particularly water bodies, soil, and air, by petroleum products or hydrocarbons. These pollutants can originate from various sources, including oil spills, leaks from underground storage tanks, runoff from roads, and improper disposal of industrial waste.
The health effects of petroleum pollution can vary depending on the type and amount of exposure. Short-term exposure to high levels of hydrocarbons can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, while long-term exposure has been linked to more severe health problems such as neurological damage, cancer, and reproductive issues. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent and mitigate petroleum pollution to protect both the environment and public health.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
Chemical warfare is the use of chemicals in military conflict to incapacitate, injure, or kill enemy personnel or destroy equipment and resources. It involves the employment of toxic gases, liquids, or solids that have harmful effects on humans, animals, or plants. Chemical weapons can cause a wide range of symptoms, from temporary discomfort to permanent disability or death, depending on the type and amount of chemical used, as well as the duration and route of exposure.
Chemical warfare agents are classified into several categories based on their primary effects:
1. Nerve agents: These chemicals inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Examples include sarin, tabun, soman, and VX. Exposure to nerve agents can cause symptoms such as muscle twitching, convulsions, respiratory failure, and death.
2. Blister agents: Also known as vesicants, these chemicals cause severe blistering and burns to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Mustard gas is a well-known example of a blister agent. Exposure can lead to temporary or permanent blindness, respiratory problems, and scarring.
3. Choking agents: These chemicals cause damage to the lungs and respiratory system by irritating and inflaming the airways. Phosgene and chlorine are examples of choking agents. Symptoms of exposure include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and potentially fatal lung edema.
4. Blood agents: These chemicals interfere with the body's ability to transport oxygen in the blood, leading to asphyxiation. Cyanide is a common example of a blood agent. Exposure can cause rapid heart rate, dizziness, headache, seizures, and death due to lack of oxygen.
5. Incapacitating agents: These chemicals are designed to temporarily disable or disorient enemy personnel without causing serious harm or death. Examples include riot control agents such as tear gas (CS) and pepper spray (OC). Exposure can cause symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, tears, and temporary blindness.
The use of chemical weapons in warfare is prohibited by several international treaties, including the Geneva Protocol and the Chemical Weapons Convention. Despite these bans, there have been numerous instances of their use throughout history, most notably during World War I and more recently in Syria's ongoing civil war.
"Mycoplasma fermentans" is a type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall and is commonly found as a commensal organism in the human respiratory and urogenital tracts. However, it can also cause opportunistic infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. It is known to be associated with chronic respiratory infections, inflammatory diseases, and has been suggested as a possible co-factor in the pathogenesis of certain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and chronic fatigue syndrome.
The medical definition of "Mycoplasma fermentans" is:
A species of small, gram-negative, pleomorphic bacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma, which lacks a cell wall and is capable of causing opportunistic infections in humans. It is commonly found as a commensal organism in the respiratory and urogenital tracts, but has been associated with chronic respiratory infections, inflammatory diseases, and other conditions. Its identification typically requires specialized laboratory tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture-based methods.
Sarin is a potent and deadly nerve agent, a type of organic compound called a phosphoro-organic fluid. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid, which is also known as GB. Sarin is a human-made chemical warfare agent that is considered a weapon of mass destruction and is banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993.
Sarin works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the body. This leads to an overaccumulation of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions and synapses, causing uncontrolled muscle contractions, paralysis, respiratory failure, and ultimately death if not treated promptly.
Exposure to Sarin can occur through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. Symptoms of exposure include runny nose, tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, and confusion. Immediate medical attention is required for anyone exposed to Sarin, as antidotes such as atropine and pralidoxime can be administered to counteract its effects.
"Communications media" is a broad term that refers to the various means by which information or messages are transmitted from one person or group to another. In the context of healthcare and medicine, communications media can include both traditional and electronic methods used to share patient information, medical research, and other health-related data.
Traditional communications media in healthcare may include written documents such as medical records, charts, and reports, as well as verbal communication between healthcare providers and patients or among healthcare professionals.
Electronic communications media, on the other hand, refer to digital technologies used to transmit and store information. Examples of electronic communications media in healthcare include:
1. Electronic Health Records (EHRs): Digital versions of a patient's medical history and records, which can be shared among authorized healthcare providers.
2. Telemedicine: The use of telecommunication and information technologies to provide healthcare services remotely, allowing patients and healthcare professionals to communicate via video conferencing, phone calls, or messaging platforms.
3. Health Information Exchanges (HIEs): Secure, electronic networks that enable the sharing of health-related data among authorized healthcare organizations, providers, and patients.
4. Medical Imaging Systems: Digital systems used for storing, accessing, and sharing medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.
5. Personal Health Applications (mHealth): Mobile applications and wearable devices that allow individuals to monitor their health, track fitness goals, and manage chronic conditions.
Effective communication media are crucial in healthcare for ensuring accurate diagnoses, coordinating care, improving patient outcomes, and conducting medical research. It is essential to maintain confidentiality, privacy, and security when using electronic communications media to protect sensitive health information.
Petroleum is not a medical term, but it is a term used in the field of geology and petrochemicals. It refers to a naturally occurring liquid found in rock formations, which is composed of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, organic compounds consisting primarily of carbon and hydrogen.
Petroleum is not typically associated with medical definitions; however, it's worth noting that petroleum and its derivatives are widely used in the production of various medical supplies, equipment, and pharmaceuticals. Some examples include plastic syringes, disposable gloves, catheters, lubricants for medical devices, and many active ingredients in medications.
In a broader sense, environmental or occupational exposure to petroleum and its byproducts could lead to health issues, but these are not typically covered under medical definitions of petroleum itself.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Great Britain" is not a medical concept or condition. It is a geographical and political term referring to the largest island in the British Isles, on which the majority of England, Scotland, and Wales are located. It's also used to refer to the political union of these three countries, which is called the United Kingdom. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Australia" is not a medical term or concept. It is the world's largest island and smallest continent, located in the Southern Hemisphere, surrounded by the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is composed of many diverse ecosystems, including deserts, rainforests, and coastal areas, and is home to a wide variety of unique plant and animal species.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you!
Gulf War
Gulf War syndrome
Gulf War (disambiguation)
Gulf War oil spill
War in the Gulf
Gulf War air campaign
Gulf War Air Power Survey
Coalition of the Gulf War
Environmental impact of Gulf wars
Rationale for the Gulf War
Women in the Gulf War
Czechoslovakia in the Gulf War
Gulf War: Operation Desert Hammer
Aftermath of the Gulf War
Media coverage of the Gulf War
Air engagements of the Gulf War
General Order No. 1 (Gulf War)
List of Gulf War military equipment
List of Gulf War pilots by victories
Timeline of the Gulf War (1990-1991)
Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War
The Gulf War Did Not Take Place
Gulf War Health Research Reform Act of 2014
Oil War: American Intervention in the Persian Gulf
Order of battle of the Gulf War ground campaign
List of military awards and decorations of the Gulf War
Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War
Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War
June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
Gulf of Tonkin incident
Gulf War - Wikipedia
Category:Gulf War - Wikimedia Commons
US Navy Conducts War Games in Persian Gulf
Gulf fisheries still suffering in wake of war | New Scientist
Gulf war illness - one or two diseases?
CNN.com - The Gulf War: Moscow's role - January 17, 2001
The Gulf War Story | Health.mil
Protests in Hamburg, Paris against Ukraine war - Gulf Times
Yemen war intensifies amid mounting regional tension - Gulf Times
Newsletter Archive - Gulf War Newsletter - Public Health
Gulf War Newsletter - Winter 2017 - Public Health
Gulf War Settlement and Disappointments: 1991
Gulf War Illness | College of Nursing and Health Professions | Drexel University
What the Gulf can learn from the war in Ukraine | Arab News
Iraq-Post 1991 Persian Gulf War/Sanctions - Printer friendly version - Global Issues
Persian Gulf War: Open Phones | January 24, 1991 20:05:07 | C-SPAN.org
Gulf Media Wars Produce Losers, No Winners - Analysis - Eurasia Review
Lessons From The Struggle Against The Gulf War | libcom.org
Persian Gulf War | Folklife Today
'Gulf War Syndrome' caused by release of nerve agent...
The Unseen Gulf War by Peter Turnley - The Digital Journalist
Oil rises for second week amid Israel-Hamas war developments | Energy - Gulf News
Opposing War in Central Asia and the Persian Gulf
Examining Possible Causes of Gulf War Illness: RAND Policy Investigations and Reviews of the Scientific Literature | RAND
IRAN IS GULF WAR'S WILD CARD « Eric Margolis
U.S. sends troops to Gulf region, threatens new war - International Action Center
How the war of the two Gulf housemaids was won - Videos - Emirates24|7
Ghana: Authorities brace up as Sahel war spills into Gulf of Guinea | Africanews
Provocation And Response: A Gulf War In The Making? | OilPrice.com
Gulf War Archives - 21st Century Wire
199116
- Gulf War Illness (GWI) is diagnosed in 25% to 30% of veterans who fought in the Gulf war between 1990 and 1991. (news-medical.net)
- MOSCOW, Russia (CNN) -- The Gulf War of 1991 had ramifications far beyond the Middle East. (cnn.com)
- In the year 2001, on the 10th anniversary of the Gulf War, President Saddam Hussein, more securely in power than he had been in mid-March 1991, would speak to his nation and describe the Gulf War as a 'confrontation between good and evil that continues today. (fsmitha.com)
- The Gulf War occurred in two phases, Operation Desert Shield, from August 1990 to January 1991where troops were deployed to the Persian Gulf, and Desert Storm from January 1991 to February 1991, a 6-week air and naval bombardment followed by a brief ground assault. (drexel.edu)
- 1991-01-24T20:05:07-05:00 https://ximage.c-spanvideo.org/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJwaWN0dXJlcy5jLXNwYW52aWRlby5vcmciLCJrZXkiOiJGaWxlc1wvMjEwXC8xOTkxMDEyNDIwMDgzMTAwMV9oZC5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsiZml0IjoiY292ZXIiLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNn19fQ== C-SPAN took viewer phone calls concerning the war in the Persian Gulf. (c-span.org)
- While the US/UK-led military campaigns of the Gulf War in 1991, the bombings of 1998, and 2003 have ended, that is not the end of the story for the people of Iraq. (globalissues.org)
- Shortly after the 1991 Persian Gulf War ended, veterans of that conflict began reporting a variety of physical and psychological symptoms, some of which remain unexplained. (rand.org)
- The hearing was timed to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the 1991 Gulf War ground invasion to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi military occupation. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- I'm Anthony Hardie, a 1991 Gulf War and Somalia veteran, and Director of Veterans for Common Sense. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- The 1990 crisis that led to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the 1991 Gulf War that followed was not purely regional. (ccun.org)
- My dad was a chief in the United States Navy, and he was deployed to the Persian Gulf for three months in 1991. (wcrz.com)
- 91outcomes.com ) - One of the top health complaints of veterans of the 1991 Gulf War has been sleep problems, including unrefreshing sleep. (91outcomes.com)
- Traumatic, or mild traumatic brain injury (TBI, mTBI) has been called the signature wound of the current wars, but despite being only newly recognized, certainly affected some veterans of previous wars as well, including the 1991 Gulf War. (91outcomes.com)
- While PTSD rates among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War are relatively low, especially when compared to PTSD rates from other wars, PTSD still does exist among somewhere around nine percent of veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. (91outcomes.com)
- One study of Gulf War Veterans exposed to sarin and cyclosarin from the 1991 explosion of the Khamisiyah chemical munitions cache in Iraq found an almost 2-fold increase in subsequent brain cancer deaths. (cdc.gov)
- The Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) was designed to identify objective biomarkers of Gulf War Illness (GWI) in 1991 Gulf War veterans. (cdc.gov)
Persian Gulf15
- The following names have been used to describe the conflict itself: Gulf War and Persian Gulf War are the most common terms for the conflict used within western countries, though it may also be called the First Gulf War (to distinguish it from the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the subsequent Iraq War). (wikipedia.org)
- The U.S. Navy is conducting its largest war games in the Persian Gulf since the 2003 invasion of Iraq at a time of increasing tensions with Iran. (voanews.com)
- With the September 1997 issue, the name of this publication changed from "Persian Gulf Review" to "Gulf War Review" to be sensitive to individuals of Persian ethnicity. (va.gov)
- Veterans who participated in Operation Desert Shield/Storm are now referred to as Gulf War Veterans rather than Persian Gulf War Veterans. (va.gov)
- On 8 March, plane-loads of US troops were arriving home from the Persian Gulf. (fsmitha.com)
- According to VA, service members and veterans started to report symptoms after their return from service in the Persian Gulf War. (drexel.edu)
- C-SPAN took viewer phone calls concerning the war in the Persian Gulf . (c-span.org)
- Bruce Collins takes calls on the Persian Gulf War. (c-span.org)
- Open Phones with viewer comments on the Persian Gulf War. (c-span.org)
- January 2, 1997 - Six months after the Pentagon's momentous announcement that American troops may have been exposed to clouds of nerve gas and other Iraqi chemical weapons shortly after the Persian Gulf war, no one yet knows the cause of the chronic health problems reported by tens of thousands of gulf war veterans. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- I would also like us to remember and honor the nearly 700,000 veterans of the Persian Gulf War, who under the direction of our military leaders led our broad international Coalition to decisive military victory. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- However, based on the evidence available, one cannot explain the myriad health problems reported by Persian Gulf War (I) veterans on the basis of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
- Although the lots tested in this study administered to military personnel has been suggested as a were not administered to U.S. personnel deployed during ODS/ possible cause of Persian Gulf illness. (cdc.gov)
- The tested lots represented all unexpired during the Persian Gulf War. (cdc.gov)
- Bernhard WN, Barish R. War crimes during the Persian Gulf War. (msdmanuals.com)
Illness16
- Gulf war illness - one or two diseases? (news-medical.net)
- Researcher Stuart Washington says, "While these findings present new challenges to treating people with Gulf War illness, they also present new opportunities. (news-medical.net)
- This unit presents the background and history of Gulf War illness (GWI), as well as the definitions and exposures on site. (drexel.edu)
- Chronic multisymptom illness affecting Air Force veterans of the Gulf War. (drexel.edu)
- Prevalence and patterns of Gulf War illness in Kansas veterans: Association of symptoms with characteristics of person, place, and time of military service. (drexel.edu)
- This unit discusses the definitions, descriptions and effects of Gulf War Illness (GWI). (drexel.edu)
- In a few instances, RAND commissioned independent investigations into the nature or extent of potential causes of Gulf War illness. (rand.org)
- Possible Cause of Gulf War Illness? (rand.org)
- Gulf War illness : the future for dissatisfied veterans : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, July 27, 2010, by United States. (upenn.edu)
- However, you've heard my personal experiences before, and you've heard the stories of many other Gulf War veterans, and as this Committee knows, between one-fourth and one-third of us returned home with serious and debilitating health issues now known as Gulf War Illness. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- PTSD almost certainly compounds underlying Gulf War Illness-related sleep problems in those who suffer from both GWI and PTSD. (91outcomes.com)
- Cholinesterase inhibitors can cause some signs and symptoms similar to those found in Gulf War I illness. (cdc.gov)
- Yoga is effective for treating chronic pain in veterans with Gulf War Illness at long-term follow-up. (bvsalud.org)
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gulf War Illness (GWI) recommend integrative health approaches such as yoga for relief from symptoms, yet little is known about the long-term efficacy of yoga in reducing symptoms of GWI. (bvsalud.org)
- Here, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of yoga and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) chronic pain treatment in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 75 Veterans (57 men , 42-71 ± 7.1 years of age) with Gulf War Illness (GWI). (bvsalud.org)
- The multiple hit hypothesis for Gulf War Illness: self-reported chemical/biological weapons exposure and mild traumatic brain injury. (cdc.gov)
Exposures6
- The Office of the Special Assistant assumed responsibility for these investigations on November 12, 1996, and continues to gather information on environmental and occupational exposures during the Gulf War and their possible effects on the health of the troops who served there. (health.mil)
- As of September 2019, Military Exposures & Your Health replaced the Gulf War Newsletter and Post-9/11 Vet Newsletter. (va.gov)
- Not one dime has been allocated to study how toxic exposures resulting from this disaster may have rendered thousands of individuals chemically intolerant and suffering from the same disabling multi-system symptoms that continue to afflict Gulf War veterans. (huffpost.com)
- They might have started by looking at its close cousin, Gulf War Syndrome, also involving petrochemical exposures. (huffpost.com)
- The Department of Veterans Affairs, which is ultimately responsible for the medical care of ailing gulf war veterans, has said that it held off for years on any major research on the health effects of low-level exposure to nerve gas and other chemical weapons because of the Defense Department's assertions that there was no evidence of exposures. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- The legislation included a long list of known Gulf War exposures. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Saddam Hussein4
- Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev put forward a six-point peace plan, and his special envoy, Yevgeny Primakov, a personal friend of Saddam Hussein for 20 years, shuttled between Moscow and the Gulf trying to implement it. (cnn.com)
- King Faud of Saudi Arabia and President Mubarak of Egypt wanted an Iraq as big as it was before the Gulf War began, and they wanted an Iraq ruled by a Sunni Muslim, and if this were Saddam Hussein so be it. (fsmitha.com)
- This section looks into issues during the sanctions following the first Gulf War when the US forced Saddam Hussein to get out of Kuwait, which he invaded, as well as the propaganda build-up to the 2003 invasion and issues since. (globalissues.org)
- Kuwait, in effect, ceased to exist and the way lay open for Saddam Hussein to invade the rest of the Gulf States. (britains-smallwars.com)
Symptoms3
- Many Gulf War veterans have experienced a variety of physical symptoms, collectively called Gulf War illnesses. (health.mil)
- No one can convincingly explain their diverse, multi-system symptoms, which include pain, fatigue, mood changes and cognitive impairment--symptoms also reported by many of those exposed during the Gulf Coast spill. (huffpost.com)
- In short, his column will attempt to explore sleep dysfunctions, their diagnoses, and potential treatments to help with the sleep symptoms that are so commonly reported among us Gulf War veterans. (91outcomes.com)
Troops11
- Houthi fighters launched Katyusha rockets at the city of Marib, residents said, their first attack on the area since Gulf Arab troops and armed loyalists of President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi seized it from the group over the summer. (gulf-times.com)
- I was in the Gulf for many weeks as the build-up of troops took place, and then sat out the 'air war', and flew from Paris to Riyadh as soon as the ground war began. (digitaljournalist.org)
- Incidence of infectious disease was very low among U.S. troops in the Gulf War as compared with other wars. (rand.org)
- Last year Burkinabe troops carried out two coups in part over frustration with the war on jihadists, but turmoil in Ouagadougou only added to instability. (africanews.com)
- These acts include breaking the 2015 nuclear treaty with Iran, as well as imposing economic sanctions and sending warships - and now troops - to the Gulf region. (iacenter.org)
- Wherever the Pentagon deploys troops in the Gulf region, these U.S. forces are not only a threat but also a target. (iacenter.org)
- Any U.S. war against Iran would leave tens of thousands of U.S. troops on bases in the region vulnerable to attack, as well as Saudi oil. (iacenter.org)
- The indiscriminate bombing of tens of thousands of Iraqi troops and civilians retreating from Kuwait is one of the most heinous war crimes in history. (21stcenturywire.com)
- British troops, the 5th Airborne brigade were actually nearby, in Oman where they and a permanent base, and RAF Tornadoes and Jaguars flew into the gulf alongside their American counterparts as the Arab world, France and other countries joined the Blockade, Desert Shield had begun. (britains-smallwars.com)
- Other veterans almost certainly suffer from the physical aftereffects of wartime stress, a phenomenon seen after other wars, or from exposure to a number of other chemicals, including pesticides, smoke from oil-well fires or the experimental drugs that were given to the troops to protect them from nerve gas. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the commander of the American-led alliance in the gulf war, said that while he had no information during the war to suggest that American troops had been exposed to chemical weapons, he considered the Pentagon's handling of the issue in the first years after the war "almost scandalous. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Crisis6
- The international community's response to the two-month-old Gulf crisis suggests, however, that Qatar so far has been more successful in garnering muted support for its call for direct talks to solve the crisis - a position rejected by its detractors. (eurasiareview.com)
- In the only survey to date of public perceptions in the United States of the Gulf crisis by Britain's YouGov on behalf of Saudi Arabia's foremost English-language daily, Arab News, Qatar faired poorest in its approval rating, but Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, the instigators of a diplomatic and economic boycott of the idiosyncratic Gulf state did not do much better. (eurasiareview.com)
- Last month, a random online YouGov poll suggested that of those asked whose side they were on in the Gulf crisis, 23 percent opted for Qatar and only nine percent for Saudi Arabia. (eurasiareview.com)
- The international community almost unanimously has refused to endorse the UAE-Saudi-led alliance's conditions for resolving the Gulf crisis. (eurasiareview.com)
- While the relationship between these episodes and the veterans' health problems remains unclear, the resulting credibility crisis from so many years of denial has only added to the misery of gulf war veterans whose health has faltered since the war. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- On the contrary, capitalism's profound economic crisis, and the ruling classes' powerlessness to overcome it, is leading  as in the past  to an attempt to ensure their power through violence, authoritarianism, war and brutal offensives against the workers' and peoples' rights and living standards. (mltoday.com)
20th1
- Secretary Shinseki Marks 20th Anniversary of Gulf War with Renewed Pledge to Improve Care and Services to Gulf War Veterans, VA Seeks to Cover New Illnesses for Gulf War Veterans. (va.gov)
Invasion4
- Varying speculations have been made regarding the true intents behind the Iraqi invasion, most notably including Iraq's inability to repay the debt of more than US$14 billion that it had borrowed from Kuwait to finance its military efforts during the Iran-Iraq War. (wikipedia.org)
- The Yamato sortee was part of the Japanese response to the American invasion of Okinawa, it would prove to be the final important naval action of the Pacific War. (histclo.com)
- Kuwaiti cinemas launched public screenings of "Swarm of Doves" last week, the Gulf state's first feature-length film about the 1990 invasion of the Gulf state by Saddam Hussein's Iraq. (alarabiya.net)
- The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the start of the Second Gulf War induced a stream of various countermeasures against Iraq, one of the principal being different forms of economic sanctions. (lu.se)
Syndrome4
- A study of veterans who have Gulf war syndrome shows that moderate exercise can bring about a spectrum of brain imaging abnormalities, which fall into one of two groups. (news-medical.net)
- The current study used fMRI, or functional MRI, to visualize the brains of veterans returned from the Gulf War and showing signs of the syndrome called GWI. (news-medical.net)
- Gulf War Syndrome Comes to the Gulf of Mexico? (huffpost.com)
- Contamination in sian Gulf syndrome. (cdc.gov)
Illnesses among2
- To inform the public about the progress of this office, the Department of Defense publishes (on the Internet and elsewhere) accounts related to the possible causes of illnesses among Gulf War veterans, along with documentary evidence or personal testimony used in compiling the accounts. (health.mil)
- It was hoped that combining what scientific investigations had to say about what happened in the Gulf War would produce a more complete understanding of illnesses among veterans of that war. (rand.org)
Kuwait3
- the anti-war resistance in Iraq was so successful it rendered the Iraqi state incapable of defending its gains in Kuwait at all, while the impotence of the anti-war movement in the US and Britain virtually gave the murderous representatives of US/UK capital carte blanche to have Iraq bombed back into the Middle Ages. (libcom.org)
- In other words, the war was fought for the interests of US and UK capital, for their need of injections of finance capital from Kuwait, which have amounted to $60 billion invested in the US alone. (libcom.org)
- Twenty-five years ago tonight, we launched the ground war of Operation Desert Storm and successfully liberated Kuwait. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Spills1
- Shrimps have almost disappeared from parts of the Gulf since the massive oil spills of the Gulf War two years ago. (newscientist.com)
Department of Defe2
- To track this issue, the Secretary of Defense in 1996 designated that a Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses (OSAGWI) oversee all Department of Defense efforts related to these conditions. (rand.org)
- In an effort to do everything possible to understand and explain the illnesses, inform veterans and the public, and recommend changes in Department of Defense (DoD) policies and procedures to minimize such problems in the future, the Secretary of Defense in 1996 designated that a Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses and his office (OSAGWI) oversee all DoD efforts related to illnesses of Gulf War veterans. (rand.org)
Aggression2
- Taking this into account, another "unending" U.S. aggression in the region would cost much more in lives and wealth than the 2003-11 U.S. war against Iraq. (iacenter.org)
- The signatory Parties call upon the workers and peoples of the world to strengthen the struggle for peace and against imperialism's plans of war and aggression, to strengthen the struggle against capitalist exploitation and in defense of sovereignty and of the rights of all peoples of the world. (mltoday.com)
20161
- Veterans for Common Sense provided the following invited testimony for a February 23, 2016 Congressional hearing on Gulf War veterans' health. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Operation Deser2
- It has also earned the nickname Video Game War, after the daily broadcast of images from cameras onboard American bombers during Operation Desert Storm. (wikipedia.org)
- And right up until the commencement of Operation Desert Storm, despite the propaganda which accompanied Operation Desert Shield and the lack of any effective redress to it by the anti-war movement, opinion polls suggested that around 50% of the population were opposed to military intervention. (libcom.org)
Sanctions4
- The war games are taking place days after the United Nations Security Council imposed more sanctions on Iran for its nuclear program and Iran seized 15 British Navy personnel it said entered Iranian waters illegally. (voanews.com)
- An estimated one million people had died since the sanctions enforced by the UN Security Council after the Gulf War ended. (globalissues.org)
- These results may well have been considered during the build up to the war, and could have been factors in deciding to pursue the aims of the Allies by military means rather than through sanctions. (libcom.org)
- Post War Development, Additional Sanctions. (lu.se)
Desert Storm2
- VA published the Gulf War Newsletter, providing information especially for Veterans who served in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. (va.gov)
- Mr. Scott C. Stump, President and CEO of The National Desert Storm War Memorial Association, discusses efforts to build the National Desert Storm and Desert Shield Memorial, and the monument project's current status. (ncusar.org)
Iraqi2
- The war was named Umm al-Ma'arik ("mother of all battles") by Iraqi officials. (wikipedia.org)
- The Gulf War may not have had an effect on the working class's ability to wage defensive struggles in response to coming offensives, but the revolutionary Left have still to come to terms with our failure to prevent the successful slaughter of hundreds of thousands of Iraqi proletarians. (libcom.org)
Nations2
- A majority of Arab and Muslim states have refrained from joining the UAE-Saudi-led campaign, which is backed by less than a score of African and Asian nations, who are dependent on the oil-rich Gulf states in financial and/or political terms. (eurasiareview.com)
- A French troop withdrawal from Mali in the face of mounting hostility and disputes with the ruling junta has refocussed Western partners to aid Gulf of Guinea nations battle the war's southward spillover. (africanews.com)
Fought2
- The Vietnam War was my war, by which I mean I fought in it, and I can say that Thomas Cleaver in his Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club examines the war in an unparalleled way through the lens of aviation and its aviators. (ospreypublishing.com)
- CNN War in the Gulf tells the dramatic story of the first Gulf War from the perspectives of those who fought and died in it - the soldiers, sailors, airmen, and Marines. (bookstellyouwhy.com)
Saudi Arabia4
- Saudi Arabia and Egypt had wanted a quick end to the war. (fsmitha.com)
- In the same article, Hassan Nasrallah, leader of Hezbollah, the revolutionary group based in Lebanon, advised Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates not to incite war against Iran "because your houses are made of glass. (iacenter.org)
- Saudi Arabia "should think well, as a war with Iran will mean their destruction. (iacenter.org)
- What followed was a war against Islamism led by Saudi Arabia and the UAE, on a larger and more international scale than similar efforts once made by Baathist parties in the Middle East. (middleeastmonitor.com)
20001
- 2000). Self-reported postwar injuries among Gulf War veterans. (cdc.gov)
Militarism2
- Information, activism & resistance to U.S. militarism, war & corporate greed, linking with struggles against racism & oppression within the United States. (iacenter.org)
- An important part of the chapter is about the relationship between militarism and war. (ccun.org)
Iran6
- So as Europe arranges its security and defense policies to deal with an emerging threat from Russia, what can the Gulf states learn from this that relates to security concerns with Iran? (arabnews.com)
- U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Vice President Mike Pence blamed Iran for the attack, calling it an "act of war. (iacenter.org)
- While such a war would greatly harm Iran and its people, the country is much stronger than Iraq was when attacked by the U.S. in 2003. (iacenter.org)
- The West also supported Kurdish separatism, which contributed to the Iran-Iraq war. (ccun.org)
- Finally, after its war with Iran, the West had perceived Iraq as a regional threat that should be eliminated. (ccun.org)
- This is followed by an investigation of how the Kurdish rebellion contributed to the Iran-Iraq war. (ccun.org)
Arab4
- The Arab News reporting was the latest salvo in a public relations war waged by state-owned or privately-owned media on both sides of the Gulf divide that operate in an environment of highly restricted freedom of the press and often have close ties to government and/or ruling families. (eurasiareview.com)
- It has long been a trend in secular Arab states to wage war against any form of political Islam wherever it has emerged. (middleeastmonitor.com)
- When the threat to Gulf thrones became apparent in the 2011 "Arab Spring" and the subsequent re-emergence of "Islamist" parties in North Africa, it was no surprise that their sensitivity about any expression of political opinions or calls for reform was very obvious. (middleeastmonitor.com)
- Actually, Western interests in Arab oil and its revenues represented one of the major factors that led to the war against Iraq. (ccun.org)
Conflict7
- The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States. (wikipedia.org)
- As a witness to the results of this past Gulf War, this televised, aerial, and technological version of the conflict is not what I saw and I'd like to present some images that I made that represent a more complete picture of what this conflict looked like. (digitaljournalist.org)
- I have always hoped that true images of conflict give one the opportunity to witness and reflect more fully on the full realities of war. (digitaljournalist.org)
- After covering many conflicts around the world in past 20 years and witnessing much human suffering, I feel a responsibility to try to contribute to making sure with my images that no one that sees the brutal realities of conflict, ever feels that war is comfortable and/or convenient. (digitaljournalist.org)
- His use of dramatic first-hand experiences from interviews with both American and Vietnamese pilots plus official Vietnamese accounts of the war provides a balanced and personal picture of the conflict from both sides. (ospreypublishing.com)
- From the first shot fired in the Tonkin Gulf in August 1964 to the final salvo in January 1973, Tom weaves an accurate tale, full of the color and fury of battle, courage, suspense, and thrill of victory - as experienced and portrayed on both sides of the conflict. (ospreypublishing.com)
- The war drained the resources of both countries towards the point of bankruptcy, and for Iraq the immense foreign debt accumulated over the years to fund the conflict left the state in a deplorable financial situation at the end of hostilities. (lu.se)
Korean War1
- The Korean War, which technically never ended because fighting was temporarily halted by an armistice, was waged by North Korea and China against the USA and South Korea. (stevenmcollins.com)
Pentagon2
- The Trump administration and the Pentagon know that an attempt to carry out a limited air strike against Iranian targets could lead to a war in which they don't control the escalation or the outcome. (iacenter.org)
- Many ailing gulf war veterans are unwilling at this point to accept any explanation from the Pentagon. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Afghanistan3
- From the Gulf to Yugoslavia, from Afghanistan to Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine, imperialism has tried to impose its domination in each country and over the globe, seeking to impose the direct control of the world's main energy resources, to annihilate the peoples' sovereign rights and to submit the entire planet to the exploitation and interests of the big capital. (mltoday.com)
- And with the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, there has been a growing understanding of the long-term effects of damage to the brain by concussive and blast injuries. (91outcomes.com)
- Participants were recruited from the VA office, with special care to recruit Gulf War veterans, female veterans, veterans who have been deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan, or veterans who have been called up from the Reserve or the National Guard. (cdc.gov)
Exposure2
- Some of the illnesses may be the result of exposure to chemical weapons, as many gulf war veterans insist. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- Exposure to CBW was reported in 47.2% of the study population, and 35.2% reported sustaining a mTBI during the war. (cdc.gov)
Health6
- C&P Evaluations, Filing a Claim, Gulfwar Going Online, VA and DoD Working Together, Gulf War Health Studies. (va.gov)
- Gulf War Anniversary, Gulf War Research, Health of Gulf War Veterans, Filing a Disability Claim, Mobile Apps for Veterans, Gulf War Presumptives. (va.gov)
- Health Results from Research Study, VA Health-Related Benefits for Gulf War Veterans, Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry. (va.gov)
- Many of them are now left with the suspicion that military commanders cared more about the perception of the war as a military triumph than about getting to the bottom of the health problems reported by those who were sent to fight. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- There would also be a new national center for the study of war-related illnesses and post-deployment health issues, which would conduct and promote research regarding their etiologies, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and promote the development of appropriate health policies, including monitoring, medical recordkeeping, risk communication, and use of new technologies. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- Following a request from the Government of Iraq on possible environmental health consequences of the Gulf War, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean sent a mission to Iraq in 1995 to assess the national cancer registry and to advise on cancer incidence rates. (who.int)
Paris1
- People attend an anti-war protest at the Place de la Republique in Paris. (gulf-times.com)
Broke1
- As seen across Europe, the impact of the penny pinching over the years was never felt until a war broke out. (arabnews.com)
Naval2
- Yamato was laid down (1937) while the battleship was still seen as the war-winning naval vessel. (histclo.com)
- Tom Cleaver's book is a superb study of Naval Aviation's experiences during the Vietnam War. (ospreypublishing.com)
Houthis1
- Like the Houthis, Nasrallah also demanded the Saudis end their war against Yemen. (iacenter.org)
Veterans who served1
- Of particular interest were those Reserve or National Guard veterans who served in combat during the Gulf War era (August 1990 to present). (cdc.gov)
Iraq War2
- That's less than half the estimated rate among Vietnam War veterans and less than a third the estimated rate of PTSD among Iraq War veterans. (91outcomes.com)
- Iraq war of 1980-1988. (lu.se)
Wage war1
- If this report is true (notice I said "if"), it would absolutely require the USA to wage war against North Korea in retaliation. (stevenmcollins.com)
Vietnam War2
- The Vietnam war is a recent enough reminder of how a seemingly omnipotent war-machine can be rendered impotent by concerted opposition amongst soldiers and the class from which they are drawn. (libcom.org)
- On August 2, 1964, USS Maddox became embroiled in the infamous 'Gulf of Tonkin incident' that led directly to America's increased involvement in the Vietnam War. (ospreypublishing.com)
Chemical3
- There is now a free online self-evaluation that Gulf War veterans and Gulf of Mexico residents alike can access to help identify what's making them sick and determine what subsequent chemical, food and drug intolerances may have developed long after combat and the oil spill ended. (huffpost.com)
- Almost daily since that announcement last June, the Government has been confronted with new disclosures on the issue - about the thousands of chemical-detection alarms that sounded throughout the war, about the eagerness of American commanders to dismiss what soldiers considered to be valid chemical detections, about the callousness that many veterans faced when they sought medical care after the war. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
- In his Senate confirmation hearings last year as Director of Central Intelligence, John M. Deutch, who had been the Pentagon's chief investigator on gulf war illnesses, said he believed that "at present we have no compelling evidence of chemical or biological use in the gulf war - presence or use. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Shortly1
- A second study, of birds in the Gulf, has found a collapse in the population of white-cheeked terns in recent months, after thousands of birds abandoned their eggs shortly before hatching apparently because the fish they feed on had disappeared. (newscientist.com)
Threat1
- In 2003, the US and UK invaded Iraq under false pretenses (that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction ready for deployment within minutes and posed a great threat to the world, etc.), without the backing of the international community and even with large domestic opposition to war in both those countries. (globalissues.org)
Years5
- Her successor, John Major, supported Bush's manner of ending the war, and he was to continue defending it in the years ahead. (fsmitha.com)
- That same Saudi monarchy has intervened for the past four years in a civil war in Yemen, killing thousands of Yemenis with U.S.-supplied bombs and jets. (iacenter.org)
- A large cadre of marine scientists assembled this week in Mobile, Ala. to discuss the environmental fallout from the BP Deepwater Horizon disaster that occurred nearly four years ago off the Gulf Coast. (huffpost.com)
- We thank all the Parties that already endorsed the Joint Position on the '20 years after the Gulf War, the importance of the struggle for peace, against imperialist exploitation and oppression' proposed by our Party, as well as to those Parties who contributed to enrich the text with their amendments. (mltoday.com)
- Twenty years have elapsed since the beginning of the Gulf War. (mltoday.com)
Disability1
- After he was diagnosed with disability in walking, he was referred to the Department of Public Combat, which takes care of severely war injured pilots and officers. (who.int)
Capitalist1
- The experience of our class has shown us how capitalist wars can be effectively opposed. (libcom.org)
Yemen2
- Saudi-led air strikes targeting Iranian-allied Houthi forces intensified in Yemen on Tuesday, residents said, an escalation of a nine-month-old war that follows a rise in tensions between the kingdom and Tehran. (gulf-times.com)
- The war has exacerbated hunger and disease in Yemen, the Arabian Peninsula's poorest country. (gulf-times.com)
Middle East2
- Viewers comments and opinions on the war in the Middle East. (c-span.org)
- In particular, there is an examination of the influence of the world military industry on the development of war in the Middle East. (ccun.org)
Warships1
- As American warships and marines headed for the Gulf, the Royal navy sent in the frigate H.M.S. York with other warships sailing to join her. (britains-smallwars.com)
Suggests1
- Some research suggests the warm Gulf waters may be shrugging off the oil slicks more quickly than anticipated. (newscientist.com)
Russia1
- The United States, the European Union, China and Russia have effectively backed Qatar's call for direct talks between the Gulf states and its detractors, a proposal rejected by the alliance. (eurasiareview.com)
Opposition1
- It is not enough to say, as many who confined their opposition to grumbling over their pints must have done, that the outcome was inevitable, that the war couldn't be prevented, that we could never defeat the forces of war, backed by the UN, the police forces and the media. (libcom.org)
Consequences1
- This is not to communicate my point of view, but so viewers as citizens can be offered a better opportunity to consider the whole picture and consequences of that war and any war. (digitaljournalist.org)
Dramatic1
- Serving with the US Seventh Fleet during this period, and involved in the dramatic history of The Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club, was author Tom Cleaver who was a 20-year-old member of Commander Patrol Forces Seventh Fleet which had operational control over Maddox and Turner Joy . (ospreypublishing.com)
Military6
- In response to the joint call, an array of countries joined the American-led coalition, forming the largest military alliance since World War II. (wikipedia.org)
- The Gulf War has gained notoriety for including three of the largest tank battles in American military history. (wikipedia.org)
- As we all know, the military pool system created then was meant to be, and was, a major impediment for photojournalists in their quest to communicate the realities of war (This fact does not diminish the great efforts, courage, and many important images created by many of my colleagues who participated in these pools. (digitaljournalist.org)
- The war in the Gulf has served to decimate a once combative oil producing proletariat, to reassert the role of the US as global policeman in the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse, and also to stimulate another round of capital accumulation based on military procurement. (libcom.org)
- Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif also said that any U.S. or Saudi military attack against his country would result in an all-out war. (iacenter.org)
- Why would Obama do this unless he had reason to believe the oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico were under military attack? (stevenmcollins.com)
Scientists3
- War, doubts reports from American scientists that coral reefs may have been damaged. (newscientist.com)
- In addition to fish and ecosystems, scientists at the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Conference should have focused more on the toxic impact on people. (huffpost.com)
- A review of thousands of Government documents and hundreds of interviews with Government officials, scientists, doctors and veterans' advocates undermines the Pentagon's claims since the war that it had aggressively investigated the causes of the illnesses reported by gulf war veterans. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Study3
- The study adds to the conflicting evidence about the ecological impact of several million barrels of oil, coupled with the soot fallout from burning oil wells, during the war. (newscientist.com)
- In a study in the months after the war, the marine environment laboratory found toxic concentrations of hydrocarbons in the top millimetre or so of water. (newscientist.com)
- The study population included 125 Gulf War (GW) veterans from the Boston GWIC. (cdc.gov)