Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.
Genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, bilateral body asymmetry, and clinodactyly of the fifth fingers. Alterations in GENETIC IMPRINTING are involved. Hypomethylation of IGF2/H19 locus near an imprinting center region of chromosome 11p15 plays a role in a subset of Silver-Russell syndrome. Hypermethylation of the same chromosomal region, on the other hand, can cause BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN SYNDROME. Maternal UNIPARENTAL DISOMY for chromosome 7 is known to play a role in its etiology.
A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.
A syndrome of multiple defects characterized primarily by umbilical hernia (HERNIA, UMBILICAL); MACROGLOSSIA; and GIGANTISM; and secondarily by visceromegaly; HYPOGLYCEMIA; and ear abnormalities.
A tube-like invagination of the EPIDERMIS from which the hair shaft develops and into which SEBACEOUS GLANDS open. The hair follicle is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis. (Stedman, 26th ed) Follicles of very long hairs extend into the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the SKIN.
The variable phenotypic expression of a GENE depending on whether it is of paternal or maternal origin, which is a function of the DNA METHYLATION pattern. Imprinted regions are observed to be more methylated and less transcriptionally active. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BLOOD. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I, which is a major growth factor in adults.
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.
Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)
Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)
Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Disorders related to substance abuse.

Pathological changes in chickens, ducks and turkeys fed high levels of rapeseed oil. (1/1579)

Rations containing 25% of either regular rapeseed oil (36% erucic acid), Oro rapeseed oil (1.9% erucic acid), soybean oil or a mixture of lard and corn oil were fed to chickens, ducks and turkeys. The regular rapeseed oil ration caused growth depression, increased feed conversion and anemia in all species. All the ducks and some of the chickens fed the regular rapeseed oil ration died. These dead birds were affected with hydropericardium and ascites. No deaths in the turkeys could be attributed to the regular rapeseed oil ration but some turkeys fed this ration had degenerative foci characterized by infiltrations of histiocytic and giant cells in the myocardium. Severe fatty change in the heart, skeletal muscles, spleen and kidney was found at an early age in all birds fed the regular rapeseed oil ration. Less severe fatty change but no other lesions were found in birds fed the Oro rapeseed oil and soybean oil rations.  (+info)

Changes in body composition and leptin levels during growth hormone (GH) treatment in short children with various GH secretory capacities. (2/1579)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to follow changes in body composition, estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in relation to changes in leptin during the first year of GH therapy in order to test the hypothesis that leptin is a metabolic signal involved in the regulation of GH secretion in children. DESIGN AND METHODS: In total, 33 prepubertal children were investigated. Their mean (S.D.) chronological age at the start of GH treatment was 11.5 (1.6) years, and their mean height was -2.33 (0.38) S.D. scores (SDS). GH was administered subcutaneously at a daily dose of 0.1 (n=26) or 0.2 (n=7) IU/kg body weight. Ten children were in the Swedish National Registry for children with GH deficiency, and twenty-three children were involved in trials of GH treatment for idiopathic short stature. Spontaneous 24-h GH secretion was studied in 32 of the children. In the 24-h GH profiles, the maximum level of GH was determined and the secretion rate estimated by deconvolution analysis (GHt). Serum leptin levels were measured at the start of GH treatment and after 10 and 30 days and 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Body composition measurements, by DXA, were performed at baseline and 12 months after the onset of GH treatment. RESULTS: After 12 months of GH treatment, mean height increased from -2.33 to -1.73 SDS and total body fat decreased significantly by 3.0 (3.3)%. Serum leptin levels were decreased significantly at all time points studied compared with baseline. There was a significant correlation between the change in total body fat and the change in serum leptin levels during the 12 months of GH treatment, whereas the leptin concentration per unit fat mass did not change. In a multiple stepwise linear regression analysis with 12 month change in leptin levels as the dependent variable, the percentage change in fat over 12 months, the baseline fat mass (%) of body mass and GHt accounted for 24.0%, 11.5% and 12.2% of the variability respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant correlations between changes in leptin and fat and endogenous GH secretion in short children with various GH secretory capacities. Leptin may be the messenger by which the adipose tissue affects hypothalamic regulation of GH secretion.  (+info)

Separate and joint effects of micronutrient deficiencies on linear growth. (3/1579)

Recent studies have investigated the effect of micronutrient deficiencies on growth stunting, with special attention toward the effect of zinc, iron, vitamin A and iodine deficiencies. In Mexico, the prevalence of growth stunting in children <5 y old is approximately 24%; it is higher in rural areas and lower in urban areas. In an initial study, the effect of zinc and/or iron supplementation on linear growth was investigated in a longitudinal, placebo-controlled design. After 12 mo of supplementation, there was no difference between the groups supplemented with zinc, iron or zinc plus iron and the placebo group. At baseline, 82% of the children in this study were deficient in at least two out of the five micronutrients that were determined, and 73% were anemic. In another study, a mixture of those micronutrients that were documented to be lacking in Mexican children was formulated in a supplement and given to Mexican children over a period of 12 mo in a longitudinal, placebo-controlled, supplementation design. Children in the low and medium socioeconomic status grew about 1 cm more than similar children in the placebo group. This difference was not found in children of high socioeconomic status. It is suggested that, in most cases, growth stunting is associated with marginal deficiencies of several micronutrients and that in populations with multiple micronutrient deficiencies, the effect on linear growth of supplementation with single nutrients will not be significant. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients is expected to be more effective, but even in that case the actual increment in height was less than the expected potential increment.  (+info)

Burden of infection on growth failure. (4/1579)

The high prevalence of infections among children living in poor areas of developing countries impairs linear growth in these populations. Acute, invasive infections, which provoke a systemic response (e.g., dysentery and pneumonia), and chronic infections, which affect the host over a sustained period (e.g., gut helminth infections), have a substantial effect on linear growth. Such infections can diminish linear growth by affecting nutritional status. This occurs because infections may decrease food intake, impair nutrient absorption, cause direct nutrient losses, increase metabolic requirements or catabolic losses of nutrients and, possibly, impair transport of nutrients to target tissues. In addition, induction of the acute phase response and production of proinflammatory cytokines may directly affect the process of bone remodeling that is required for long bone growth. Infection of cells directly involved in bone remodeling (osteoclasts or osteoblasts) by specific viruses may also directly affect linear growth. Many interventions are possible to diminish the effect of infection on growth. Prevention of disease through sanitation, vector control, promotion of breast-feeding and vaccination is crucial. Appropriate treatment of infections (e.g., antibiotics for pneumonia) as well as supportive nutritional therapy (again including breast-feeding) during and after recovery, is also important. Targeted therapeutic interventions to decrease the prevalence of gut helminth infections may also be appropriate in areas in which such infections are widespread. Such interventions are of public health benefit not only because they reduce the incidence or severity of infections, but also because they decrease the long-term detrimental effect of malnutrition on populations.  (+info)

Retarded growth and deficits in the enteric and parasympathetic nervous system in mice lacking GFR alpha2, a functional neurturin receptor. (5/1579)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and a related protein, neurturin (NTN), require a GPI-linked coreceptor, either GFR alpha1 or GFR alpha2, for signaling via the transmembrane Ret tyrosine kinase. We show that mice lacking functional GFR alpha2 coreceptor (Gfra2-/-) are viable and fertile but have dry eyes and grow poorly after weaning, presumably due to malnutrition. While the sympathetic innervation appeared normal, the parasympathetic cholinergic innervation was almost absent in the lacrimal and salivary glands and severely reduced in the small bowel. Neurite outgrowth and trophic effects of NTN at low concentrations were lacking in Gfra2-/- trigeminal neurons in vitro, whereas responses to GDNF were similar between the genotypes. Thus, GFR alpha2 is a physiological NTN receptor, essential for the development of specific postganglionic parasympathetic neurons.  (+info)

Cloning and expression of a novel chicken sulfotransferase cDNA regulated by GH. (6/1579)

We have used mRNA differential display to compare gene expression in normal and GH receptor-deficient dwarf chickens, and report here the characterization of one differentially expressed gene, which shows significant sequence identity to the sulfotransferase gene family. Partial cDNA clones were isolated from a chicken liver cDNA library and an additional sequence was obtained using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. A complete cDNA probe hybridizes to three transcripts (2.4, 2.0 and 1.45 kb) on Northern blots of chicken liver RNA, which differ in the length of the 3' untranslated region. All three transcripts are expressed at higher levels in normal vs dwarf chickens, as expected for a GH-regulated gene. The expression of this sulfotransferase mRNA was also detected in skeletal muscle, but not other tissues. The administration of GH to chickens increased the hepatic expression within 1 h, suggesting this sulfotransferase could be directly regulated by GH. Sulfotransferase activity, using estradiol or corticosterone as substrate, is detected in cells transfected with an expression vector containing the full-length cDNA. The sequence of this sulfotransferase does not show significant similarity with any subfamily of the sulfotransferases and its endogenous substrate is presently unknown. However, we speculate that GH activation of sulfotransferase activity could play a role in reducing concentrations of growth-antagonistic steroid hormones in GH target tissues. These results demonstrate the usefulness of differential display in this model system to identify genes that play a role in mediating GH action.  (+info)

Growth hormone treatment in young children with Down's syndrome: effects on growth and psychomotor development. (7/1579)

BACKGROUND: Learning disability and short stature are cardinal signs of Down's syndrome. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), regulated by growth hormone (GH) from about 6 months of age, may be involved in brain development. AIMS: To study long term effects of GH on linear growth and psychomotor development in young children with Down's syndrome. Study design-Fifteen children with Down's syndrome were treated with GH for three years from the age of 6 to 9 months (mean, 7.4). Linear growth, psychomotor development, skeletal maturation, serum concentrations of IGF-I and its binding proteins (BPs), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of IGF-II were studied. RESULTS: The mean height of the study group increased from -1.8 to -0.8 SDS (Swedish standard) during treatment, whereas that of a Down's syndrome control group fell from -1.7 to -2.2 SDS. Growth velocity declined after treatment stopped. Head growth did not accelerate during treatment. No significant difference in mental or gross motor development was found. The low concentrations of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 became normal during GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS: GH treatment results in normal growth velocity in Down's syndrome but does not affect head circumference or mental or gross motor development. Growth velocity declines after treatment stops.  (+info)

Generalised uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase deficiency. (8/1579)

The generalised form of epimerase deficiency galactosaemia has been described in only two children from unrelated families. Their progress is reported and three other affected children from these families are described. The initial presentation was similar to classic galactosaemia. Despite treatment all have shown poor growth and moderate learning difficulties. Three have sensorineural deafness and four have pronounced dysmorphic features. The two older female patients have normal pubertal development.  (+info)

Growth disorders are medical conditions that affect a person's growth and development, leading to shorter or taller stature than expected for their age, sex, and ethnic group. These disorders can be caused by various factors, including genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, chronic illnesses, malnutrition, and psychosocial issues.

There are two main types of growth disorders:

1. Short stature: This refers to a height that is significantly below average for a person's age, sex, and ethnic group. Short stature can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions such as Turner syndrome or dwarfism, hormonal deficiencies, chronic illnesses, malnutrition, and psychosocial issues.
2. Tall stature: This refers to a height that is significantly above average for a person's age, sex, and ethnic group. Tall stature can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome, hormonal imbalances, and certain medical conditions like acromegaly.

Growth disorders can have significant impacts on a person's physical, emotional, and social well-being. Therefore, it is essential to diagnose and manage these conditions early to optimize growth and development and improve overall quality of life. Treatment options for growth disorders may include medication, nutrition therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, relative macrocephaly at birth with subsequent normalization of head circumference, a prominent forehead (frontal bossing), a small jaw (micrognathia), body asymmetry, and feeding difficulties in early life. Some individuals may also have clinodactyly (curving of the fifth finger towards the fourth), wide-spaced fifth fingers, and downturned corners of the mouth.

The genetic basis for SRS is heterogeneous, but the most common genetic abnormality associated with this syndrome is hypomethylation of the H19/IGF2:IG-DMR (imprinting control region) on chromosome 11p15.5. This region regulates the expression of two neighboring genes, IGF2 and H19, which are imprinted and expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. In SRS, the hypomethylation leads to decreased IGF2 expression and increased H19 expression, which is thought to contribute to the growth retardation observed in this syndrome.

Individuals with SRS may have developmental delays, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems, although their cognitive abilities can range from normal to mildly impaired. They are also at an increased risk of developing certain medical conditions, such as low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), heart defects, kidney abnormalities, and a higher risk of childhood cancer, particularly Wilms' tumor.

Diagnosis of SRS is typically based on clinical criteria, including growth parameters, physical features, and developmental history. Genetic testing for hypomethylation at the H19/IGF2:IG-DMR region can confirm the diagnosis in many cases. Management of SRS involves a multidisciplinary approach, with interventions focused on addressing specific symptoms and promoting optimal growth and development.

Dwarfism is a medical condition that is characterized by short stature, typically with an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 centimeters) or less. It is caused by a variety of genetic and medical conditions that affect bone growth, including skeletal dysplasias, hormonal deficiencies, and chromosomal abnormalities.

Skeletal dysplasias are the most common cause of dwarfism and are characterized by abnormalities in the development and growth of bones and cartilage. Achondroplasia is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia, accounting for about 70% of all cases of dwarfism. It is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene and results in short limbs, a large head, and a prominent forehead.

Hormonal deficiencies, such as growth hormone deficiency or hypothyroidism, can also cause dwarfism if they are not diagnosed and treated early. Chromosomal abnormalities, such as Turner syndrome (monosomy X) or Down syndrome (trisomy 21), can also result in short stature and other features of dwarfism.

It is important to note that people with dwarfism are not "dwarves" - the term "dwarf" is a medical and sociological term used to describe individuals with this condition, while "dwarves" is a term often used in fantasy literature and media to refer to mythical beings. The use of the term "dwarf" can be considered disrespectful or offensive to some people with dwarfism, so it is important to use respectful language when referring to individuals with this condition.

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic overgrowth disorder that affects several parts of the body. It is characterized by an increased risk of developing certain tumors, especially during the first few years of life. The symptoms and features of BWS can vary widely among affected individuals.

The medical definition of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome includes the following major criteria:

1. Excessive growth before birth (macrosomia) or in infancy (infantile gigantism)
2. Enlargement of the tongue (macroglossia)
3. Abdominal wall defects, such as an omphalocele (protrusion of abdominal organs through the belly button) or a diastasis recti (separation of the abdominal muscles)
4. Enlargement of specific internal organs, like the kidneys, liver, or pancreas
5. A distinctive facial appearance, which may include ear creases or pits, wide-set eyes, and a prominent jaw

Additional findings in BWS can include:

1. Increased risk of developing embryonal tumors, such as Wilms tumor (a type of kidney cancer), hepatoblastoma (a liver cancer), and neuroblastoma (a nerve tissue cancer)
2. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in infancy due to hyperinsulinism (overproduction of insulin)
3. Asymmetric growth, where one side of the body or a specific region is significantly larger than the other
4. Ear abnormalities, such as cupped ears or low-set ears
5. Developmental delays and learning disabilities in some cases

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is caused by changes in the chromosome 11p15 region, which contains several genes that regulate growth and development. The most common cause of BWS is an epigenetic abnormality called paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), where both copies of this region come from the father instead of one copy from each parent. Other genetic mechanisms, such as mutations in specific genes or imprinting center defects, can also lead to BWS.

The diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is typically based on clinical findings and confirmed by molecular testing. Management includes regular monitoring for tumor development, controlling hypoglycemia, and addressing any other complications as needed. Surgical intervention may be required in cases of organ enlargement or structural abnormalities. Genetic counseling is recommended for affected individuals and their families to discuss the risks of recurrence and available reproductive options.

A hair follicle is a part of the human skin from which hair grows. It is a complex organ that consists of several layers, including an outer root sheath, inner root sheath, and matrix. The hair follicle is located in the dermis, the second layer of the skin, and is surrounded by sebaceous glands and erector pili muscles.

The hair growth cycle includes three phases: anagen (growth phase), catagen (transitional phase), and telogen (resting phase). During the anagen phase, cells in the matrix divide rapidly to produce new hair fibers that grow out of the follicle. The hair fiber is made up of a protein called keratin, which also makes up the outer layers of the skin and nails.

Hair follicles are important for various biological functions, including thermoregulation, sensory perception, and social communication. They also play a role in wound healing and can serve as a source of stem cells that can differentiate into other cell types.

Genomic imprinting is a epigenetic process that leads to the differential expression of genes depending on their parental origin. It involves the methylation of certain CpG sites in the DNA, which results in the silencing of one of the two copies of a gene, either the maternal or paternal allele. This means that only one copy of the gene is active and expressed, while the other is silent.

This phenomenon is critical for normal development and growth, and it plays a role in the regulation of genes involved in growth and behavior. Genomic imprinting is also associated with certain genetic disorders, such as Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes, which occur when there are errors in the imprinting process that lead to the absence or abnormal expression of certain genes.

It's important to note that genomic imprinting is a complex and highly regulated process that is not yet fully understood. Research in this area continues to provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying gene regulation and their impact on human health and disease.

"Body height" is a measure of the vertical length of a person's body from the top of their head to the bottom of their feet. It is typically measured in units such as centimeters (cm) or inches (in). In medical settings, body height is often used as a basic anthropometric measurement to assess overall health status, growth and development, nutritional status, and aging-related changes.

There are different methods for measuring body height, but the most common one involves having the person stand upright against a vertical surface (such as a wall or a stadiometer) with their heels, buttocks, shoulders, and head touching the surface. The measurement is taken at the point where the top of the person's head meets the surface.

Body height can be influenced by various factors, including genetics, nutrition, health status, and environmental conditions. Changes in body height over time can provide important insights into a person's health trajectory and potential health risks. For example, a significant decrease in body height may indicate bone loss or spinal compression, while a rapid increase in height during childhood or adolescence may suggest optimal growth and development.

Insulin-like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) is a growth factor that is structurally and functionally similar to insulin. It is a single-chain polypeptide hormone, primarily produced by the liver under the regulation of growth hormone. IGF-II plays an essential role in fetal growth and development, and continues to have important functions in postnatal life, including promoting cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation in various tissues.

IGF-II binds to and activates the IGF-I receptor and the insulin receptor, leading to intracellular signaling cascades that regulate metabolic and mitogenic responses. Dysregulation of IGF-II expression and signaling has been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, growth disorders, and diabetes.

It is important to note that IGF-II should not be confused with Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), which is another hormone with structural and functional similarities to insulin but has distinct roles in growth and development.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy, or unusually irritable. These mood swings can significantly affect your job, school, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes. The episodes may be separated by periods of normal mood, but in some cases, a person may experience rapid cycling between mania and depression.

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:

* Bipolar I Disorder: This type is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
* Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episodes.
* Cyclothymic Disorder: This type is characterized by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a full manic or depressive episode.
* Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include bipolar disorders that do not fit the criteria for any of the other types.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it appears to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and prevent relapses.

A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.

Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.

These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.

Mood disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, affect, and emotional state. These disorders can cause disturbances in normal functioning and significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out their daily activities. The two primary types of mood disorders are depressive disorders (such as major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders (which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder).

Depressive disorders involve prolonged periods of low mood, sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Individuals with these disorders may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. In severe cases, they might have thoughts of death or suicide.

Bipolar disorders involve alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely elated, energetic, or irritable, with racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior. They might engage in risky activities, have decreased sleep needs, and display poor judgment. In contrast, depressive episodes involve the same symptoms as depressive disorders.

Mood disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, are essential for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.

The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.

It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also simply referred to as depression, is a serious mental health condition characterized by the presence of one or more major depressive episodes. A major depressive episode is a period of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences a severely depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities, accompanied by at least four additional symptoms such as significant changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

MDD can significantly impair an individual's ability to function in daily life, and it is associated with increased risks of suicide, substance abuse, and other mental health disorders. The exact cause of MDD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medication (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants).

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with hyperactivity is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. The condition is characterized by symptoms including:

1. Difficulty paying attention or staying focused on a single task
2. Impulsivity, or acting without thinking
3. Hyperactivity, or excessive fidgeting, restlessness, or talking

In order to be diagnosed with ADHD with hyperactivity, an individual must exhibit these symptoms to a degree that is developmentally inappropriate and interferes with their daily functioning. Additionally, the symptoms must have been present for at least six months and be present in multiple settings (e.g., at home, school, work).

It's important to note that ADHD can manifest differently in different people, and some individuals may experience predominantly inattentive or impulsive symptoms rather than hyperactive ones. However, when the hyperactive component is prominent, it is referred to as ADHD with hyperactivity.

Effective treatments for ADHD with hyperactivity include a combination of medication (such as stimulants) and behavioral therapy. With appropriate treatment, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead successful, fulfilling lives.

A depressive disorder is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. It can also include changes in sleep, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem, as well as thoughts of death or suicide. Depressive disorders can vary in severity and duration, with some people experiencing mild and occasional symptoms, while others may have severe and chronic symptoms that interfere with their ability to function in daily life.

There are several types of depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), persistent depressive disorder (PDD), and postpartum depression. MDD is characterized by symptoms that interfere significantly with a person's ability to function and last for at least two weeks, while PDD involves chronic low-grade depression that lasts for two years or more. Postpartum depression occurs in women after childbirth and can range from mild to severe.

Depressive disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy (talk therapy), and lifestyle changes.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive, unwanted, and often distressing. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules, and which are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation. These obsessions and/or compulsions cause significant distress, take up a lot of time (an hour or more a day), and interfere with the individual's daily life, including social activities, relationships, and work or school performance. OCD is considered a type of anxiety disorder and can also co-occur with other mental health conditions.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, serious accident, war combat, rape, or violent personal assault. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), PTSD is characterized by the following symptoms, which must last for more than one month:

1. Intrusion symptoms: These include distressing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, or intense psychological distress or reactivity to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
2. Avoidance symptoms: Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, including thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, or people.
3. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood: This includes negative beliefs about oneself, others, or the world; distorted blame of self or others for causing the trauma; persistent negative emotional state; decreased interest in significant activities; and feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity: This includes irritable behavior and angry outbursts, reckless or self-destructive behavior, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, problems with concentration, and sleep disturbance.
5. Duration of symptoms: The symptoms must last for more than one month.
6. Functional significance: The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

It is essential to note that PTSD can occur at any age and can be accompanied by various physical and mental health problems, such as depression, substance abuse, memory problems, and other difficulties in cognition. Appropriate treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, can significantly improve the symptoms and overall quality of life for individuals with PTSD.

Autistic Disorder, also known as Autism or Classic Autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It is characterized by:

1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:
* Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity;
* Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction;
* Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
* Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech;
* Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior;
* Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus;
* Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
3. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities) and limit or impair everyday functioning.
4. Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or other psychotic disorders.

Autistic Disorder is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which also include Asperger's Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The current diagnostic term for this category of conditions, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is Autism Spectrum Disorder.

A phobic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by an excessive and irrational fear or avoidance of specific objects, situations, or activities. This fear can cause significant distress and interfere with a person's daily life. Phobic disorders are typically classified into three main categories: specific phobias (such as fear of heights, spiders, or needles), social phobia (or social anxiety disorder), and agoraphobia (fear of open spaces or situations where escape might be difficult).

People with phobic disorders often recognize that their fear is excessive or unreasonable, but they are unable to control it. When exposed to the feared object or situation, they may experience symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms can be so distressing that individuals with phobic disorders go to great lengths to avoid the feared situation, which can have a significant impact on their quality of life.

Treatment for phobic disorders typically involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps individuals identify and challenge their irrational thoughts and fears, as well as exposure therapy, which gradually exposes them to the feared object or situation in a safe and controlled environment. In some cases, medication may also be recommended to help manage symptoms of anxiety.

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of conditions that affect the development and functioning of the brain, leading to delays in many areas of development. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has replaced the term "pervasive developmental disorders" with "autism spectrum disorder" and "other neurodevelopmental disorders."

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The symptoms of ASD can range from mild to severe, and the condition affects approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States.

Other neurodevelopmental disorders that were previously classified as PDDs include:

1. Intellectual disability (ID): a condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disorder used to be referred to as "mental retardation."
2. Communication disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's ability to communicate, including language disorders, speech sound disorders, and stuttering.
3. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
4. Specific learning disorder: a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to learn and use specific academic skills, such as reading, writing, or mathematics.
5. Motor disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's movement and coordination, including developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders.

The medical definition of 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive' has been replaced with more specific diagnoses in the DSM-5 to better reflect the diverse nature of these conditions and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.

Psychotic disorders are a group of severe mental health conditions characterized by distorted perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that lead to an inability to recognize reality. The two most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations are when a person sees, hears, or feels things that aren't there, while delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not based on reality.

Other symptoms may include disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms such as apathy and lack of emotional expression. Schizophrenia is the most well-known psychotic disorder, but other types include schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder.

Psychotic disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain chemistry imbalances, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support services to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Substance-related disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), refer to a group of conditions caused by the use of substances such as alcohol, drugs, or medicines. These disorders are characterized by a problematic pattern of using a substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. They can be divided into two main categories: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance use disorders involve a pattern of compulsive use despite negative consequences, while substance-induced disorders include conditions such as intoxication, withdrawal, and substance/medication-induced mental disorders. The specific diagnosis depends on the type of substance involved, the patterns of use, and the presence or absence of physiological dependence.

However, a hybrid growth disorder is not caused by cancer. Hybrid growth disorders are exhibited among a variety organisms, ... Hybrid growth disorders refer to reduced growth or overgrowth in an organism that is a hybrid of two different species. In some ... Hybrid growth disorders may be referred to as a growth dysplasia, especially when resulting in overgrowth, although this ... This would also explain why hybrid growth disorders often appear to affect one sex more than the other. Similarly, a study of ...
"Posttraumatic Growth After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 33 (2 ... to treat trauma-related disorders. Trauma-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), have a lifetime ... there are concerns for their use in treating mental health disorders, including trauma-related disorders. Adverse effects and ... However, even though trauma-related disorders can hinder the everyday life of individuals with them, less than 50% of patients ...
Proteus syndrome, a congenital disorder causing disproportionate growth of skin, bone, and other tissues. Asphyxiating thoracic ... The term multisystem developmental disorder has also been used to describe various developmental disorders. These include: ... Multisystem developmental disorder (MSDD) is a term used by Stanley Greenspan to describe children under age 3 who exhibit ... Williams syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a unique profile of strengths and deficits; most with the ...
"Evidence of accelerated beak growth associated with avian keratin disorder in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)". ... In AKD, accelerated growth of the keratinized outer layer of the beak (the rhamphotheca) causes elongation and crossing of the ... Avian keratin disorder (AKD) is an emerging disease among wild birds in North America characterized by overgrowth and ... Zylberberg, Maxine; Van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.; DeRisi, Joseph L. (2018-06-15). "Avian keratin disorder of Alaska ...
Neurodevelopmental disorders are impairments of the growth and development of the brain and/or central nervous system. A ... or language disorders, expressive language disorder, fluency disorder, social (pragmatic) communication disorder, and speech ... Motor disorders including developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders (such as ... Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of neurological disorders that affect the development of the nervous system, leading ...
Hair Growth and Disorders. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 333-356. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-46911-7_16. ISBN 978-3-540-46911-7 ... genetic disorder, metabolic disorder, or eating disorders (particularly anorexia nervosa). Since hypertrichosis can be present ... The hair follicle growth cycle varies by person and by body location of hair growth. Hypertrichosis is said to occur when hair ... The monogenic disorders may be further distinguished by autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked disorders. In ...
... ("MUscle-LIver-BRain-EYe nanism") is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder. It causes severe growth ... al.], Christopher J.H. Kelnar ... [et; Savage, Martin; Saenger, Paul; Cowell, Chris (2007). Growth disorders (2nd ed.). London ... The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is ... are required in order to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both ...
Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (26 June 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 369. ... It can also be used to treat excessive hair growth in women. It is usually taken orally but there are topical formulations for ... Finasteride has been found to be effective in the treatment of hirsutism (excessive facial and/or body hair growth) in women. ... Finasteride and other antiandrogens might be useful in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but more research is ...
152-. ISBN 978-0-275-99176-0. Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (26 June 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science ... Drugs that directly attack hair growth or inhibit the development of new hair cells. Hair growth will become less and less ... Hair growth will return to normal if use of product is discontinued. Products include the following: The pharmaceutical drug ... The face was the only area where hair growth was considered unsightly; 14th-century ladies would also pick off hair from their ...
Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (June 26, 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 182-. ... For instance, growth of body and facial hair and penile growth induced by testosterone may be inhibited by 5α-reductase ... Testosterone in the presence of a slow-growing prostate cancer is assumed to increase its growth rate. However, the association ... Testosterone therapy is effective in the short-term for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women. ...
Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer. p. 500. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-46911-7_25. Middlewood, Erin (April 12, 2009). "A clean ...
Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike; Whiting, David A.; Trüeb, Ralph M. (2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Berlin: Springer. p. 10. ISBN 978- ...
86-. ISBN 978-0-7817-2761-7. Ulrike Blume-Peytavi; David A. Whiting; Ralph M. Trüeb (26 June 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. ... It is also used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne, excessive hair growth, and high androgen levels in ... Flutamide has been found to be effective in the treatment of hirsutism (excessive body/facial hair growth) in numerous studies ... Flutamide was found to be effective in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in men with comorbid Tourette's ...
Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 161-62. ISBN ... Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 182, 369. ISBN ... However, more facial hair has been observed in patients with the disorder from other parts of the world, although facial hair ... However, similarly to genetic males with the condition, they show reduced body hair growth, including an absence of hair on the ...
Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 368-370. ISBN 978-3-540-46911-7. Wesp LM, Deutsch MB (2017 ... They are also sometimes used to treat excess hair growth in women and as a component of hormone therapy for transgender women. ... In BPH, DHT acts as a potent cellular androgen and promotes prostate growth; therefore, it inhibits and alleviates symptoms of ... 5-ARIs are sometimes used as antiandrogens in feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women to help reduce body hair growth ...
Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike; Whiting, David A.; Trüeb, Ralph M. (27 August 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer. pp. 534-. ISBN ...
Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (26 June 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 182, ... Post-adolescent growth is considerably slower and minimal by comparison. Facial hair develops during puberty and is only ... Sex hormones play an important role in bone growth and maintenance. The effects of hormone therapy on bone health are not fully ... This reduction of density is due to the decreasing hair diameter and slower terminal growth rate. Effects on hair size and ...
Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike; Whiting, David A.; Trüeb, Ralph M. (2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Publishing. ISBN ... Hair naturally sheds as it reaches the end of its growth cycle, and a new hair grows in its place; the average lifespan is ...
Ulrike Blume-Peytavi; David A. Whiting; Ralph M. Trüeb (26 June 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science & Business ... It is important to begin by first determining the distribution of body hair growth. If hair growth follows a male distribution ... Acromegaly and gigantism (growth hormone and IGF-1 excess), usually due to pituitary tumors. Causes of hirsutism not related to ... The word is from early 17th century: from Latin hirsutus meaning "hairy". It usually refers to a male pattern of hair growth in ...
Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (26 June 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 161-162 ... ISBN 978-3-540-46911-7. James Barrett (2007). Transsexual and Other Disorders of Gender Identity: A Practical Guide to ... Neumann F, Kalmus J (1991). "Cyproterone acetate in the treatment of sexual disorders: pharmacological base and clinical ... have been found to stimulate and significantly accelerate the growth of androgen-sensitive tumors in the absence of androgens, ...
Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike (2008). Hair growth and disorders. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 9783540469117. OCLC 272298782. Erjavec SO, ... Growth cycles are controlled by a chemical signal like epidermal growth factor. DLX3 is a crucial regulator of hair follicle ... Of all mammals, humans have the longest growth phase of scalp hair compared to hair growth on other parts of the body. For ... The process of hair growth occurs in distinct sequential stages: anagen is the active growth phase, catagen is the regression ...
Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike; Whiting, David A.; Trüeb, Ralph M. (2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Berlin: Springer. p. 10. ISBN 978- ...
123-. ISBN 978-1-84788-339-1. Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (26 June 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science ... Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease. pp. 1199-1212. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1795-9_71. ISBN 978-1- ... 0.0001). Linear growth and skeletal maturation during normal puberty is mainly due to estradiol and not testosterone in both ... In the early 1940s, it was discovered that growth of prostate cancer in men regressed with surgical castration or high-dose ...
803-. ISBN 978-0-323-34026-7. Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (26 June 2008). Hair Growth and Disorders. Springer Science ... Dutasteride is known to reduce the growth and prevalence of benign prostate tumors. A 2018 meta-analysis found no higher risk ... Ongoing clinical trials are investigating whether dutasteride may be an effective treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder ... Weizman A (1 February 2008). Neuroactive Steroids in Brain Function, Behavior and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Novel Strategies ...
Talmage DA (2008). "Mechanisms of neuregulin action". Growth Factors and Psychiatric Disorders. Novartis Foundation Symposia. ... Neuregulin 1, or NRG1, is a gene of the epidermal growth factor family that in humans is encoded by the NRG1 gene. NRG1 is one ... Therefore, growth of adult cardiac cells is commonly characterized by hypertrophy and an increased content of contractile ... The HRG isoforms all contain immunoglobulin (Ig) and epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) domains. GGF and GGF2 isoforms ...
"Understanding the risk of using medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with respect to physical growth and ... have oppositional defiant disorder, and 44% to 55% of adolescents have conduct disorder. Learning disorders are found in 20% to ... "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Controversy - mental disorder or state of mind?". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived ... "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ...
"Short Stature (Growth Disorders) in Children". Yale Medicine. Retrieved 2022-07-02. Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Gunnell, David; ... Growth hormone deficiency. Some children simply don't produce enough growth hormone, including those born with a poorly ... with the most obvious sign being a noticeable slowing of growth. The deficiency may be genetic. Among children without growth ... Growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, located in the middle of the brain. Therefore, chronic medical problems that ...
Growth hormones, Growth disorders, Disorders causing seizures). ... Bai N. "Defective Growth Gene in Rare Dwarfism Disorder Stunts ... also known as growth hormone insensitivity or growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD), is an autosomal recessive disorder ... "Guidelines for Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Treatment in Children and Adolescents: Growth Hormone Deficiency ... Murray PG, Clayton PE (16 November 2016). Disorders of Growth Hormone in Childhood. MDText.com, Inc. PMID 25905205. Retrieved 3 ...
"Growth in disorders of adrenal hyperfunction". Pediatric endocrinology reviews: PER. 1 Suppl 3: 484-489. ISSN 1565-4753. ... Adrenal gland disorders, All stub articles, Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disease stubs). ...
"Disorders of Growth Hormone in Childhood". PMID 25905205. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) Laron Z, ... Individuals with growth hormone deficiency or Laron syndrome (GHRTooltip growth hormone receptor insensitivity) show symptoms ... Other hypothalamic-pituitary hormones such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH; somatocrinin), growth hormone-inhibiting ... also known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-growth axis, is a hypothalamic-pituitary axis which includes the secretion of growth ...
However, a hybrid growth disorder is not caused by cancer. Hybrid growth disorders are exhibited among a variety organisms, ... Hybrid growth disorders refer to reduced growth or overgrowth in an organism that is a hybrid of two different species. In some ... Hybrid growth disorders may be referred to as a growth dysplasia, especially when resulting in overgrowth, although this ... This would also explain why hybrid growth disorders often appear to affect one sex more than the other. Similarly, a study of ...
... discusses his severe height and growth disorders research efforts. ... Intrauterine growth restriction. * Interferon regulatory factor 6 mutations implicated in neural tube defects, including spina ... to study genetic clues from DNA samples and electronic health records to identify novel markers of severe growth disorders. ... Andrew Dauber, M.D., MMSc, Chief of Endocrinology at Childrens National Hospital, is guiding a five-year, NIH-funded growth ...
Fibroblast growth factors and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play important roles in human axial and craniofacial ... Imaging of Skeletal Disorders Caused by Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutations Radiographics. 2017 Oct;37(6):1813- ... These skeletal disorders can be classified based on which FGFR is affected. Skeletal disorders caused by type 1 mutations ... Fibroblast growth factors and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play important roles in human axial and craniofacial ...
... May 7, 2012. Alan D. Rogol, MD, PhD ... Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I therapy for children with growth disorders. Adv Ther. 2008;25:1276-1287. ... Download PDF: Clinical and Humanistic Aspects of Growth Hormone Deficiency and Growth-Related Disorders ... Clinical Benefits for Children With GHD and Growth- Related Disorders. The primary objective of rhGH therapy in children with ...
A to Z: Growth Disorder. May also be called: Growth Failure. Growth disorders are medical problems that stop kids from growing ... Doctors treat a growth disorder based on whats causing it. If a childs body doesnt make enough thyroid hormones or growth ... Growth disorder can also be connected to illnesses like kidney failure, celiac disease, heart problems, cystic fibrosis, or ... Growth disorders have different causes. For some kids, hormones are the problem. For others, its genes. Some kids may not grow ...
Increase in incidence of neurological disorders, cancer and autoimmune disorders are helps to drive the growth of this market ... Growth Factor-Loaded Microparticles Enhance 3D Bioprinted Muscle. Highly Precise Pressure Sensor for Laparoscopic or Robotic ... Growth Factor-Loaded Microparticles Enhance 3D Bioprinted Muscle. Brain Computer Interface Decodes Speech and Facial ... Prevalence of several neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, and others are helps to drive the ...
East Forum 2015 "Global Dis(Order): Can International Trade Agreements revive growth?". The Annual Conference organized by ... Will they be able to contribute to boost economic growth or will they only protect the economic interests of few stakeholders? ...
Child Growth Foundation. c/o Kinnair Associates Limited. Aston House. Redburn Road. Newcastle upon Tyne. NE5 1NB ... Copyright 2023 Child Growth Foundation. Charity registered in England & Wales , Charity number: 1172807 , Company number: ...
Overview of Hair Growth - Explore from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Dandruff is not a hair disorder but rather a skin disorder (seborrheic dermatitis Seborrheic Dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis ... Testosterone stimulates hair growth in the pubic area and underarms. Dihydrotestosterone stimulates hair growth in the beard ... Excessive hairiness Hairiness In men, the amount of body hair varies greatly (see also Overview of Hair Growth), but very few ...
The Business Research Company offers musculoskeletal disorders drugs market research report 2022 with industry size, share, ... Global Musculoskeletal Disorders Drugs Market In 2026- Growth Countries 23.2. Global Musculoskeletal Disorders Drugs Market In ... Metabolic Disorders, Infection, Hematological Disorders, Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dermatology, Respiratory Disorders 3) By ... Metabolic Disorders, Infection, Hematological Disorders, Gastrointestinal Disorders, Dermatology, Respiratory Disorders), By ...
The spinal disorders market has been comprehensively analyzed in IMARCs new report titled ... What is the growth rate of the spinal disorders market across the seven major markets and what will be the expected growth over ... Spinal Disorders Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2023-2033 ... The spinal disorders market has been comprehensively analyzed in IMARCs new report titled Spinal Disorders Market: ...
However, despite these new product launches, only modest growth is expected in the bipolar disorder market due to generic ... Despite launch of seven pipeline agents, bipolar disorder market will see only modest growth due to persistent generic erosion ... Despite launch of seven pipeline agents, bipolar disorder market will see only modest growth due to persistent generic erosion ... at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.7%, according to GlobalData, which notes that the main driver of growth will be ...
... for Endocrinology annual conference in Edinburgh suggests that the app could reliably identify treatable growth disorders, much ... Growth failure may be the first and only sign of many chronic childhood diseases or indicate a specific growth disorder such as ... Childhood growth is a strong indicator of health and well-being in children, but delays in the diagnosis of growth disorders ... Smartphone App for growth monitoring and the detection of growth disorders" was presented at SfE BES 2021 in Edinburgh, UK on ...
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) stimulates NGF expression in chondrocytes from KOA patients. However, the correlation ... transforming growth factor activating kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, or rhTGF-β + p38 inhibitor SB203580 for 30 ... Nerve growth factor (NGF) contributes to pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. ... BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ISSN: 1471-2474. Contact us. *Submission enquiries: [email protected] ...
Disordered lung growth and development. Alveolar development is a complex process that involves growth, differentiation, and ... Disorders with other known causes. Disorders with other known causes include the following:. * Infection *Viral infection (eg, ... Disorders with presenting features similar to those of ILD include the following:. * Pulmonary veno-occlusive disorders ( ... Disorders related to systemic disease processes. Disorders related to systemic disease processes are listed below:. * ...
Introduction and information about growth hormone and growth disorders and the current research we are conducting to find newer ... We began pioneering advances in growth hormone therapeutics more than 30 years ago, and three decades later our growth disorder ... Human growth hormone (hGH) or growth hormone therapy (GHT) is a biosynthetic hormone replacement therapy. It is identical to ... It could also treat adults affected by growth hormone deficiency.. For children who need daily growth hormone injections, ...
... growth disorders. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a ... Hybrid growth disorders Top # 5 Facts - YouTube. Hybrid growth disorders Top # 5 Facts. ... Hybrid growth disorders Top # 5 ... Growth Disorders and Growth Treatment in Children .... Growth Problems in Children NTV programme. ... Growth Disorders and ... Growth disorders. Childhood Growth Disorders - YouTube. Children vary greatly in height and weight, and growth rates also vary ...
Somatic growth and maturation: growth hormone and other growth factors. In: Robertson RP, ed. DeGroots Endocrinology. 8th ed. ... TREATMENT WITH GROWTH HORMONE INJECTIONS. If your child has no or low levels of growth hormone, your childs provider may talk ... Poor growth of a baby while in the womb (intrauterine growth restriction) or small for gestational age ... Most children have normal growth hormone levels and will not need growth hormone injections. If your child is a boy with short ...
Disorders MarketSleep Disorders Market AnalysisSleep Disorders Market GrowthSleep Disorders Market ResearchSleep Disorders ... Disorders MarketSleep Disorders Market AnalysisSleep Disorders Market GrowthSleep Disorders Market ResearchSleep Disorders ... Sleep Disorders Market Size, Share, 2022 Global Industry Growth, Trends, Emerging Factors Kate JohnsonMay 30, 2022 No Comments ... Sleep Disorders Market Analysis of Upstream Raw Materials, Downstream Demand, Dynamics with Growth Opportunities by 2030 Kate ...
Families Empowered and Supporting Treatment of Eating Disorders. ... used in the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders. The ... A comprehensive eating disorders glossary and dictionary defining more than 400 terms and concepts ... meaning Growth retardation, dictionary Growth retardation, what is Growth retardation, Growth retardation eating disorder ... Growth retardation Growth retardation: Onset of anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents often slows or halts growth at a ...
Find out about growth problems and how doctors can help. ... What Are Growth Disorders?. Teens may have growth problems for ... What Is Growth Hormone Deficiency?. Growth hormone deficiency (GH deficiency) is a growth disorder related to the hormones that ... Growth is controlled by the hormones the body makes. Many diseases of the endocrine system can affect growth. ... During puberty, both guys and girls go through growth spurts.. What Can Slow Growth?. Some teens develop a lot earlier than ...
Find out about growth problems and how doctors can help. ... What Are Growth Disorders?. Teens may have growth problems for ... What Is Growth Hormone Deficiency?. Growth hormone deficiency (GH deficiency) is a growth disorder related to the hormones that ... Growth is controlled by the hormones the body makes. Many diseases of the endocrine system can affect growth. ... During puberty, both guys and girls go through growth spurts.. What Can Slow Growth?. Some teens develop a lot earlier than ...
Pages: 89, Tables & Figures: 114, Product: Bipolar Disorder, Product-Type: Bipolar I Disorder_x000D_, Bipolar II Disorder_x000D ... Cyclothymic Disorder_x000D_, Application: Mood Stabilizers_x000D_, Anticonvulsants_x000D_, Antipsychotic drugs_x000D_, ... Bipolar Disorder - Market is expected to reach US$ 6994.7 million by 2029. ... Asia-Pacific Bipolar Disorder Market Share by Region (2024-2029). Table 98. Latin America Bipolar Disorder Market Size Growth ...
... or need information on diagnosis and treatment of growth disorders ... Provides support and advice if youre worried about your childs growth and development, ... There are lots of myths around growth disorders - find out the truth around bullying, growth hormone and your childs ... This website has been produced in collaboration with parents of children with growth disorders to support you and your family. ...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary and Growth Disorders in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline ... Mauras N, Ross J, Mericq V. Management of Growth Disorders in Puberty: GH, GnRHa and Aromatase Inhibitors: A Clinical Review. ... Timing of Puberty, Pubertal Growth, and Adult Height in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age Treated With Growth ... Ablation of Growth Hormone Receptor in GABAergic Neurons Leads to Increased Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion. Endocrinology. ...
Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency (aGHD). Paediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency (pGHD). Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Prader- ... Genotropin for paediatric growth hormone disorders. Learn more about the paediatric indications and recommended dosing for ... NICE Guidance [TA188]. Human growth hormone (somatropin) for the treatment of growth failure in children.. Becherucci F, et al ... Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is associated with growth impairment, mainly due to disturbances in growth hormone (GH ...
There are many different types of child growth disorder, and they each present themselves in different ways. Find out what to ... Home / Growth disorders / Types of growth disorders. Learn more about specific growth disorders. Different growth disorders can ... If you are concerned about your childs growth, dont hesitate to speak with an HCP. They will be able to complete some ...
... rare growth disorders.. Best legal muscle enhancer, proviron schering. Rare growth disorders, legal steroids for sale visa card ... Growth hormone deficiency (ghd) is a rare disorder characterized by the inadequate secretion of growth hormone (gh) from the ... Growth hormone deficiency (ghd) is a rare disorder characterized by the inadequate secretion of growth hormone (gh) from the ... Growth hormone deficiency (ghd) is a rare disorder characterized by the inadequate secretion of growth hormone (gh) from the ...
  • FDA indications in children include GH deficiency (GHD), Turner syndrome, idiopathic short stature, small for gestational age with failure to attain normal growth percentiles, Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), chronic renal insufficiency, Noonan syndrome, and short stature due to short stature homeobox gene haploinsufficiency. (ajmc.com)
  • The treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children and adults has been impacted greatly by the availability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). (ajmc.com)
  • Growth failure may be the first and only sign of many chronic childhood diseases or indicate a specific growth disorder such as growth hormone deficiency (1 in 4,000 children), Noonan and Turner syndrome (each 1 in 2,500 children) and SHOX deficiency (up to 20% of undiagnosed short stature). (bioscientifica.com)
  • It could also treat adults affected by growth hormone deficiency. (novonordisk.com.hk)
  • Growth hormone deficiency (GH deficiency) is a growth disorder related to the hormones that control growth. (kidshealth.org)
  • Average IGF-1 Prediction for Once-Weekly Lonapegsomatropin in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency. (cmep-endocrinology.com)
  • Growth hormone deficiency (ghd) is a rare disorder characterized by the inadequate secretion of growth hormone (gh) from the anterior pituitary gland, You can choose the needed steroids online in our usa catalogue, rare growth disorders. (avtoradio.tj)
  • Of those patients, 2,923 (65.8%) had growth hormone deficiency (GHD), 650 (14.6%) were born small for gestational age (SGA), 606 (13.6%) were diagnosed with idiopathic short stature (ISS), 253 (5.7%) had Turner syndrome (TS) and 10 (0.2%) had chronic renal failure (CRF). (eurospe.org)
  • What is growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and what would you like attendees to take away from your presentation? (choc.org)
  • Growth hormone deficiency causes severe short stature in children. (choc.org)
  • It is due to deficiency of growth hormone production or secretion from the pituitary gland. (choc.org)
  • Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is a disorder that causes symptoms such as short stature, delayed puberty, low energy, and others. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Growth hormone deficiency is a disorder that involves the pituitary gland (a small gland located at the base of the brain). (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Growth hormone deficiency can occur at any age. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Growth hormone deficiency is caused by the low or absent secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Adults with growth hormone deficiency usually have a history of pituitary tumors that may have been treated with surgery or radiation. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What are the symptoms of growth hormone deficiency? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The most common sign of growth hormone deficiency in children is the slowing of growth to less than two inches per year. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • How is growth hormone deficiency diagnosed? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Adults with growth hormone deficiency may also have increased levels of total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol , apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Growth hormone deficiency can be treated with growth hormone replacement therapy. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Endocrine (hormonal) causes of growth disorders include thyroid hormone deficiency ( hypothyroidism ), growth hormone deficiency, hypopituitarism, or other hormone disorders. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Although growth hormone was originally used to treat growth hormone deficiency (this group of patients respond the best to growth hormone therapy), there have been other conditions for which growth hormone therapy has been approved for use. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • IGF-I deficiency can be the result of GH resistance or insensitivity due to genetic disorders of the GH receptor causing GH receptor deficiency (growth hormone receptor deficiency [GHRD], Laron syndrome) or postreceptor defects, including the principal transduction agent STAT5b, the IGF-I/IGFBP3 stabilizer acid labile subunit (ALS), the IGF-I gene, or the IGF-I receptor. (medscape.com)
  • Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) refer to a wide range of health problems associated with iodine deficiency1 in a population. (who.int)
  • These health problems include goitre, stillbirth, stunted growth (cretinism), thyroid deficiency and mental defects (impaired neurocognitive development), and are preventable by ensuring adequate intake of iodine. (who.int)
  • Iodine deficiency disorder is a public health problem in populations where the median urine iodine is less than 100 µg/l or where more than 5% of children aged 6 to 12 years have goitre. (who.int)
  • In 1990, World Health Assembly Resolution WHA43.2 endorsed the goal of eliminating IDD as a public health problem.3 In 1993, WHO, UNICEF and the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) recommended universal salt iodization as the main strategy to achieve elimination of IDD.4 In high-risk areas, iodized oil is recommended for the most vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and young children. (who.int)
  • Consequently, in 2005 and 2007, the World Health Assembly resolutions WHA58.24 and WHA60.21 on sustaining the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders called on countries to establish multidisciplinary national coalitions to monitor the state of iodine nutrition every three years and to report progress to the World Health Assembly. (who.int)
  • Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders will improve children's cognitive development, reduce stillbirths and reduce stunting. (who.int)
  • 3 Resolution WHA43.2, The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorder s . (who.int)
  • Prevalence of several neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and others are helps to drive the growth of this market during forecasted period. (medgadget.com)
  • The rising prevalence of liver diseases, anaemia, and other blood coagulation disorders will increase the demand for bleeding disorders treatments. (sounds-healing.com)
  • Increasing prevalence of bipolar disorder, government support for generating awareness about the bipolar disorder, and technological advancements that facilitate accurate detection of a patient's mood and mental state are a few of the factors driving the growth of this market. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • North America held approximately 61.3% share in the market in 2016, owing to rising prevalence of bipolar disorder in North America. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • DelveInsight's "EGFR Inhibitors-Induced Skin Disorders Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast-2032" report delivers an in-depth understanding of the EGFR Inhibitors-Induced Skin Disorders, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as the EGFR Inhibitors-Induced Skin Disorders market trends in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom) and Japan. (guwahatimail.in)
  • We have advice and information to help you if you're worried about your child's growth , as well as information on diagnosis and treatment options for growth disorders and how best to support your child in everyday life. (growingup.net)
  • Hypothyroidism can cause slow growth because the thyroid gland isn't making enough thyroid hormone, which is needed to support normal growth. (kidshealth.org)
  • Functional disorders are usually related to the gland producing too little thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) or too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). (cdc.gov)
  • Autoimmune thyroiditis is a disorder that may cause hypothyroidism. (cdc.gov)
  • Although genetic profiling can provide useful information that can enhance personalized treatment plans for individuals, Ahn and Perricone (2023) argue that learning more about one's genetic risk for mental disorders can have unintended and potentially negative consequences. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • Besides the advent of online self-management tools for mental disorders enables timely intervention and better adherence to prescribed treatment. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • De Novo Variants in the ATPase Module of MORC2 Cause a Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Growth Retardation and Variable Craniofacial Dysmorphism. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fourth, based on an observation of surely gene-disruptive pzDNM in a known neurodevelopmental disorder gene in BD, we perform a systematic survey of pzDNMs in BD. (nature.com)
  • Andrew Dauber, M.D., MMSc, Chief of Endocrinology at Children's National Hospital, is guiding a five-year, NIH-funded growth consortium study, which allows researchers from four leading pediatric health systems to study genetic clues from DNA samples and electronic health records to identify novel markers of severe growth disorders. (childrensnational.org)
  • Some types of chILD may be diagnosed on the basis of genetic testing, and laboratory studies may provide clues for others, particularly in association with systemic disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Some causes of poor growth are genetic (a problem with a person's genes). (kidshealth.org)
  • Growth disorders​​ noonan syndrome - a rare genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 1,000-2,500 children, both boys and girls. (avtoradio.tj)
  • The described set of morphological, growth , developmental, and neurological findings and medical concerns expands the spectrum of genetic disorders resulting from pathogenic variants in MORC2. (bvsalud.org)
  • They have not undergone the normal puberty that results from these mutations, and no other genetic changes have come along, growth hormone levels with age. (indieheat.tv)
  • To better understand its genetic architecture, we analyze ultra-rare de novo mutations in 354 trios with bipolar disorder. (nature.com)
  • normal variants of growth patterns include genetic short height (familial short stature ) and slow growth/delayed puberty (constitutional growth delay). (emedicinehealth.com)
  • 2 Other relatively rare conditions that also affect growth in children are Turner syndrome (TS), small for gestational age (SGA) (with failure to attain the lower portion of the normal growth curve by age 2), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), Noonan syndrome, and short stature due to short stature homeobox (SHOX) gene haploinsufficiency ( Table 1 ). (ajmc.com)
  • The diagnostic criteria for GHD are initially based on short stature with a height of 2 standard deviations (SDs) less than the normal population mean, and growth failure, regardless of when during development the growth failure initiates. (ajmc.com)
  • If your child is a boy with short stature and delayed puberty, your child's provider may talk about using testosterone injections to jump-start growth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A weekly injectable PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone gives significantly better height outcomes than no treatment in children with idiopathic short stature, shows a phase 2 trial. (medwirenews.com)
  • This lecture provides a basic overview on topics surrounding normal growth from birth to adult, the evaluation of a child with short stature, and treatment options for pediatric patients. (choc.org)
  • Observational data confirm that children born small for gestational age achieve the best growth outcomes if they start treatment with recombinant human growth hormone as young as possible. (medwirenews.com)
  • Years of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone does not increase the cumulative lifetime exposure to insulin-like growth factor-1 above the population average in children born small for gestational age, a study shows. (medwirenews.com)
  • Small-for-gestational age children should undergo regular measurements for the first 2 years after birth to help identify individuals who will benefit from recombinant human growth hormone therapy, German researchers advise. (medwirenews.com)
  • Cardiometabolic risk in people born small for gestational age more than a decade after finishing therapy with recombinant human growth hormone is no higher than in those never given the treatment, a study shows. (medwirenews.com)
  • It is now clearly established that complex interactions between genes and environment are involved in multiple aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders, from determining an individual's vulnerability to onset, to influencing its response to therapeutic intervention. (fsu.edu)
  • Finally, we will discuss and illustrate the role of EGR1 in pathological states with a particular interest in cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders. (fsu.edu)
  • Many of these disorders are relatively common in the pediatric population, and diagnosis is often challenging. (nih.gov)
  • We are involved in several studies at CHOC that are evaluating the use of growth hormone in the pediatric population. (choc.org)
  • Increased cAMP promotes protein kinase A activity, among other effectors, and, in turn, leads to cyst growth by promoting proliferation and fluid secretion of cyst-lining cells through chloride and aquaporin channels in ADPKD kidneys. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • During puberty, both guys and girls go through growth spurts. (kidshealth.org)
  • Mauras N, Ross J, Mericq V. Management of Growth Disorders in Puberty: GH, GnRHa and Aromatase Inhibitors: A Clinical Review. (cmep-endocrinology.com)
  • Timing of Puberty, Pubertal Growth, and Adult Height in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age Treated With Growth Hormone. (cmep-endocrinology.com)
  • So if an athlete has an adrenal condition called adrenal hyperplasia (AH) that has affected his or her physiology, an athlete could go from being born with an Adrenal Fatigue (AF) (also called early puberty), to having a CAH that is very low in cortisol, not requiring corticosteroids to cope with stress, growth hormone steroids.com. (indieheat.tv)
  • We call it 'early puberty syndrome' for this reason, growth hormone disorders. (indieheat.tv)
  • Hybrid growth disorders may be referred to as a growth dysplasia, especially when resulting in overgrowth, although this terminology may be confusing since the term dysplasia is commonly used to imply an impending cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal disorders caused by type 1 mutations include Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) and osteoglophonic dysplasia, and disorders caused by type 2 mutations include Crouzon syndrome (CS), Apert syndrome (AS), and PS. (nih.gov)
  • Disorders caused by type 3 mutations include achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia (TD), severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans, Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome, and Muenke syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • These skeletal disorders can be classified based on which FGFR is affected. (nih.gov)
  • Imaging plays a key role in the evaluation of these skeletal disorders. (nih.gov)
  • When the supply of growth hormone (GH) was limited to extracts from human pituitary tissue, only the most severely affected children received treatment. (ajmc.com)
  • Highly structured health care industry, increased usage of autologous cell therapy for treatment of various autoimmune and neurological disorders, and new product launch are expected to drive the market in North America. (medgadget.com)
  • Most hair disorders are not serious or life threatening, but they are often perceived as major cosmetic issues that require treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for spinal disorders and also represents the largest market for its treatment. (imarcgroup.com)
  • Dr Thaventhiran believes "The ' GrowthMonitor ' app technology could transform our approach to childhood growth monitoring, by empowering carers to identify growth problems early, enabling much earlier diagnosis and treatment of growth disorders. (bioscientifica.com)
  • Willing to bring innovative solutions to our patients, our scientists have applied our long-standing expertise in protein engineering to develop a long-acting growth hormone suitable for once-weekly treatment. (novonordisk.com.hk)
  • If your child has no or low levels of growth hormone , your child's provider may talk about treatment with growth hormone injections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This comprehensive glossary has been created to give parents a quick reference tool that explains, in simple lay language, the terms used in the research, management and treatment of eating disorders. (feast-ed.org)
  • The EATING DISORDERS GLOSSARY is researched, written and maintained by F.E.A.S.T - Families Empowered and Supporting Treatment of Eating Disorders, an international non-profit organization. (feast-ed.org)
  • F.E.A.S.T. -- Families Empowered and Supporting Treatment of Eating disorders -- is an international organization of and for parents and caregivers. (feast-ed.org)
  • A non-profit organization founded in 2008, F.E.A.S.T.'s mission is to help loved ones recover from eating disorders by providing information and mutual support, promoting evidence-based treatment, and advocating for research and education to reduce the suffering associated with eating disorders. (feast-ed.org)
  • Blaming and marginalizing parents in the eating disorder treatment process causes harm and suffering. (feast-ed.org)
  • An endocrinologist is often brought into the treatment process to manage growth issues brought on by the eating disorder. (feast-ed.org)
  • if not, we welcome you to visit the FEAST home page for a wealth of information on evidence-based treatment for eating disorders, support for parents and families, the latest eating disorders research, a forum for parents and caregivers, useful books, etc. (feast-ed.org)
  • If your child is prescribed growth hormone they will need a daily treatment. (growingup.net)
  • Sävendahl L, Polak M, Backeljauw P, Blair JC, Miller BS, Rohrer TR, Hokken-Koelega A, Pietropoli A, Kelepouris N, Ross J. Long-Term Safety of Growth Hormone Treatment in Childhood: Two Large Observational Studies: NordiNet IOS and ANSWER. (cmep-endocrinology.com)
  • Near-Adult Height After Growth Hormone Treatment in Children Born Prematurely-Data From KIGS. (cmep-endocrinology.com)
  • Human growth hormone (somatropin) for the treatment of growth failure in children. (pfizerpro.co.uk)
  • This is the 9th IMAGE programme, which focuses on transgender management, bone health, and the genetics and treatment of growth disorders. (medwirenews.com)
  • The Global Retinal Disorder Treatment Market is segmented based on Type, Dosage Form, Distribution Channel, and Geography. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The report presents a detailed Ansoff matrix analysis for the Global Retinal Disorder Treatment Market. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The analyst analyses the Global Retinal Disorder Treatment Market using the Ansoff Matrix to provide the best approaches a company can take to improve its market position. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the Global Retinal Disorder Treatment Market. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Criteria for evaluating and treating a short statured child, and theability to understand growth hormone resistance and treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are among the topics featured at an upcoming CHOC conference. (choc.org)
  • In addition, we will discuss treatment of patients with growth hormone (GH) therapy. (choc.org)
  • Additionally, rising investments in research and development to create treatment options for blood disorders, and the presence of well-established healthcare infrastructure, are driving the entire industry forward. (sounds-healing.com)
  • the current state of the Hypopigmentation Disorder Treatment industry. (techinbullet.com)
  • In this section, the level of competition in the worldwide Hypopigmentation Disorder Treatment Industry Market is analyzed. (techinbullet.com)
  • end-user and application segments contribute to the overall market for Hypopigmentation Disorder Treatment. (techinbullet.com)
  • Increasing incidences of gastrointestinal disorders that demands treatment by these therapeutics will boost the growth of this market. (emailwire.com)
  • 4. A thorough understanding of the topic is essential to correct diagnosis and treatment of disorders of calcium and phosphate in the newborn. (frontiersin.org)
  • For instance, the use of tricyclic antidepressants has declined over the years owing to the higher incidence of side effects in comparison to other drugs used for the treatment of bipolar disorder. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Besides, governments of several nations are allocating funds for research in the field of bipolar disorder and initiating awareness campaigns to eliminate the stigma associated with bipolar disorder and improve treatment and adherence rates amongst the general population. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • However, many of the drugs used in the treatment of bipolar disorder have associated side effects which include addiction of the body to the drug, diabetes and cholesterol issues, blurred vision, damage to the liver, and thyroid, among others. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Further, a large number of times bipolar disorder may be misdiagnosed as depression or personality disorder which may also lower the diagnosis and treatment rates of this mental disorder. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • The drugs in the bipolar disorder market face intense competition due to the foray of generic drugs as treatment options for bipolar disorder. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Benzodiazepines are generally not prescribed as the primary treatment for bipolar disorder. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • The treatment of thyroid disease depends on many factors, including the type and severity of the thyroid disorder and the age and overall health of the patient. (cdc.gov)
  • The GPR101 gene may be a target for the treatment of growth disorders. (medscape.com)
  • We began pioneering advances in growth hormone therapeutics more than 30 years ago, and three decades later our growth disorder treatments are still benefiting people around the world. (novonordisk.com.hk)
  • The new report by Expert Market Research titled, 'Global Bleeding Disorders Therapeutics Market Size , Report and Forecast 2024-2032', gives an in-depth analysis of the global bleeding disorders therapeutics market, assessing the market based on its segments like disease types, drug classes, and major regions. (sounds-healing.com)
  • In addition, these disorders have low diagnosis rates and therapeutics have high side effects that may restrain the market growth. (emailwire.com)
  • Geographically, North America is considered to be the largest market of gastrointestinal therapeutics due to the large pool of patients of gastrointestinal disorders. (emailwire.com)
  • Europe is considered as second largest market of gastrointestinal disorders therapeutics. (emailwire.com)
  • Various key players contributing to the global gastrointestinal disorder therapeutics market comprises are AstraZeneca, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Johnson & Johnson, Eisai Co., Ltd., Abbott Laboratories, Salix Pharmaceuticals and others. (emailwire.com)
  • Similarly, a study of hybrids between dwarf hamster species Phodopus campbelli and Phodopus sungorus suggests that gene imprinting causes abnormal interactions between growth-promoting and growth-repressing genes which regulate placental and embryonic growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Achondroplasia (a condition that causes abnormal growth of cartilage resulting in dwarfism) · down syndrome · noonan syndrome (a. (avtoradio.tj)
  • Similarly, Great Pyrenees dogs can be predisposed to osteochondrodysplasia , which is another inherited condition that causes an abnormal growth of the bones and cartilage and, ultimately, bone deformities. (petmd.com)
  • Thyroid diseases generally fall into two broad groups of disorders: abnormal function and abnormal growth (nodules) in the gland. (cdc.gov)
  • These nodules occur when the cell growth within the nodule is abnormal. (cdc.gov)
  • This duplication was not evident in patients who began abnormal growth at age 9 or 10, but only in those who started to grow excessively before the age of 3. (medscape.com)
  • Key Companies working in the EGFR-Induced Skin Disorders Market market include AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, and many others. (guwahatimail.in)
  • Parents and caregivers are a powerful tool for a loved one's recovery from eating disorder. (feast-ed.org)
  • Fibroblast growth factors and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play important roles in human axial and craniofacial skeletal development. (nih.gov)
  • Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) has been associated to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and heart failure (HF) severity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a peptide hormone mainly synthetized in the bone, regulating phosphate balance by blocking renal tubular phosphate reabsorption and inhibiting the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another important novel finding was made in 2000, when bone-derived hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23) was found to cause autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets (ADHR), which provided the underlying mechanism for the previously unknown "phosphaturic factor" causing hypophosphataemia ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Levels in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis. (qxmd.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) plays an essential role in neurogenesis, oxidative stress, and emotional behavior. (qxmd.com)
  • A random-effects meta-analysis showed no difference in peripheral blood fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) levels between patients with depression and HC (Hedges' g = - 0.288, 95% CI = - 0.828 to 0.253, P = 0.297), but there was heterogeneity (Q = 55.719, df = 7, I2 = 87.437, P = 0.000). (qxmd.com)
  • This is driving up demand for bleeding disorder treatments, which are essential for people with bleeding disorders to avoid excessive bleeding after surgery. (sounds-healing.com)
  • Scientific bodies and medical institutions are also playing an active role by conducting research studies and developing novel drugs and treatments for bipolar disorder. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • the definitions provided here apply specifically to their meaning within the context of eating disorders. (feast-ed.org)
  • However, we openly solicit comments, corrections or modifications on existing material as well as your suggestions for additional terms on the vast subject of eating disorders. (feast-ed.org)
  • The organization is run by a board of directors, almost all of whom are parents of sufferers, and it is guided by a Professional Advisory Panel of eating disorders experts from the United States, France, United Kingdom and Australia. (feast-ed.org)
  • Eating disorders are biologically based mental illness and fully treatable with a combination of nutritional, medical, and therapeutic supports. (feast-ed.org)
  • Parents do not cause eating disorders, and patients do not choose eating disorders. (feast-ed.org)
  • The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal patterns of growth trajectories in children of women with eating disorders (ED): anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). (123dok.net)
  • Eating disorders (ED), such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are a common cause of psychiatric morbidity in women of childbearing age. (123dok.net)
  • Infant growth in the context of maternal eating disorders and maternal depression: a comparative study. (ox.ac.uk)
  • There is evidence of growth faltering in infants of mothers with eating disorders. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, the infants of mothers with eating disorders were compared with infants of mothers with post-natal depression and a large comparison group. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It was found that the infants of mothers with eating disorders were smaller, both in terms of weight for length and weight for age, than either comparison group infants or infants of mothers with post-natal depression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • There was little evidence, however, that mothers with eating disorders preferred smaller children or were dissatisfied with their children's shape or that they misperceived their children's size. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The mechanism whereby growth disturbance arises in the context of eating disorders does not appear to be by means of a direct extension of the maternal psychopathology to the infant. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Growth retardation: Onset of anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents often slows or halts growth at a time the body is normally growing rapidly. (feast-ed.org)
  • Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes. (nature.com)
  • These data collectively indicate the contributions of both germline and postzygotic mutations to the risk of bipolar disorder, supporting the hypothesis that postzygotic mutations of developmental disorder genes may contribute to bipolar disorder. (nature.com)
  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and severe neuropsychiatric disorder afflicting the patients and their families with depressive/manic episodes. (nature.com)
  • The global bipolar disorder market size was valued at USD 4.9 billion in 2016 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.10% during the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • For instance, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the Johns Hopkins University of Medicine launched an initiative in 2016 worth USD 15.4 million in order to develop new studies and drug screening methods for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Anticonvulsants serve as effective depression mood stabilizer by alleviating the depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder without precipitating mania. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • In terms of application, the global autologous cell therapy market has been classified into branded neurology, orthopedic, cancer, wound healing, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune disorders and others. (medgadget.com)
  • Record your child's height and weight on a growth chart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If the child's height and weight have been plotted on a growth chart, the doctor will evaluate if the child's growth appears to be leveling off or departing from the child's established growth curve. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Acromegaly is the same disorder of IGF-I excess but occurs after the growth plate cartilage fuses in adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • If you do have a CAH your symptoms tend to build and develop slowly, growth hormone for 17-year-old boy. (indieheat.tv)
  • In adults, low or absent growth hormone can also cause emotional symptoms, such as tiredness and lack of motivation. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Bleeding, gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea are some of the common symptoms during gastrointestinal disorder. (emailwire.com)
  • In some sense, it is a type of hybrid dysgenesis when the growth disorder proves deleterious, making it the opposite of heterosis or hybrid vigour. (wikipedia.org)
  • An analysis integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing data identifies a subset of excitatory neurons preferentially expressing the genes hit by deleterious mutations, which are also characterized by high expression of developmental disorder genes. (nature.com)
  • In the analysis of postzygotic mutations, we observe significant enrichment of deleterious ones in developmental disorder genes ( P = 0.00135), including the SRCAP gene mutated in two unrelated probands. (nature.com)
  • Third, we investigate genes recurrently hit by deleterious gDNMs in BD or a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric/developmental disorders (DDs), including BD. (nature.com)
  • Growth disorder can also be connected to illnesses like kidney failure , celiac disease , heart problems , cystic fibrosis , or Crohn's disease . (akronchildrens.org)
  • Growth failure associated with CRI usually begins when the glomerular filtration rate falls to 50% of normal 1 . (pfizerpro.co.uk)
  • The polycystic kidney diseases are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders and a leading cause of kidney failure. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Bone marrow is the hub for most of the stem cells (major products are bone marrow based) and extensive R&D activities for bone marrow derived stem cells boost market growth. (medgadget.com)
  • In adults, growth hormone is needed to maintain the proper amounts of body fat, muscle, and bone. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • When deciphering the cause of bone mineral disorders in newborns, the potential differential diagnosis list is broad and complex, including several extremely rare conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Researchers have identified two naturally occurring, dominant-negative variants in the growth hormone receptor gene that act via the same molecular mechanism and contribute to the nonclassical growth hormone insensitivity phenotype. (medwirenews.com)
  • The CAH are a group of inherited disorders that result from loss-of-function mutations in one of several genes involved in adrenal steroid hormone synthesis. (indieheat.tv)
  • Patients with these disorders are very sensitive to cortisol (a hormone that promotes stress). (indieheat.tv)
  • For patients with functional heartburn or reflux disease linked to esophageal hypervigilance, reflux sensitivity, or behavioral disorders, options include pharmacologic neuromodulation, hypnotherapy provided by a behavioral therapist, cognitive behavioral therapy, and diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation. (medscape.com)
  • These reports are designed to equip decision-makers with an in-depth understanding of prevailing market trends, competitive landscapes, and growth opportunities. (sounds-healing.com)
  • Childhood growth is a strong indicator of health and well-being in children, but delays in the diagnosis of growth disorders are common in the UK. (bioscientifica.com)
  • A reliable and accurate method for parents and carers to monitor growth at home could be a cost-effective and convenient strategy to identify those children in need of medical referral, empowering parents, raising awareness and reducing pressure on primary care services. (bioscientifica.com)
  • For children who need daily growth hormone injections, improvements and advancements in device design have made a big difference. (novonordisk.com.hk)
  • Most children have normal growth hormone levels and will not need growth hormone injections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This website has been produced in collaboration with parents of children with growth disorders to support you and your family. (growingup.net)
  • Decker R, Albertsson-Wikland K, Kriström B, Halldin M, Gustafsson J, Nilsson NÖ, Dahlgren J. GH Dose Reduction Maintains Normal Prepubertal Height Velocity After Initial Catch-Up Growth in Short Children. (cmep-endocrinology.com)
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is associated with growth impairment, mainly due to disturbances in growth hormone (GH) metabolism and its main mediator, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) 2 . (pfizerpro.co.uk)
  • Children with CRI who have growth impairment exhibit a variety of medical and psychological problems in addition to increased mortality. (pfizerpro.co.uk)
  • Growth disorders are problems that prevent children from developing normal height, weight, sexual maturity or other features. (avtoradio.tj)
  • What is the importance of the "Growth and Growth Disorders in Children" conference? (choc.org)
  • The risk for developmental problems in children of parents with psychiatric disorders has been well documented. (123dok.net)
  • BRISTOL, UK/BOSTON, US: The thickness of growth marks in primary teeth may help identify children at risk for depression and other mental health disorders later in life, according to a study led by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston using data from a health study conducted in Bristol. (dental-tribune.com)
  • Not only does the mother's psychosocial stress almost double the risk of a mental disorder, but also it can become biologically embedded in children and lead to lifelong physiological and neurobiological disorders. (dental-tribune.com)
  • Effects of secondary occupational pesticide exposure on childhood growth and neurobehavioral development (also known as the effects of secondary pesticide exposure on infants, children and adolescents (ESPINA) study). (cdc.gov)
  • Objectives: The Effects of Secondary Pesticide Exposure on Infants, Children and Adolescents (ESPINA) study evaluated the effects of secondary pesticide exposure on childhood growth and neurobehavioral development among children living in a county with an active Fresh-cut flower industry. (cdc.gov)
  • The following hypotheses were addressed: compared to children without secondary pesticide exposure (operationalized as flower worker (FW) cohabitation), exposed children will have 1) lower acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration, 2) lower neurobehavioral development scores, 3) slower growth, 4) higher systolic blood pressure, and 5) lower resting heart rate. (cdc.gov)
  • What Are the Peer Interaction Strengths and Difficulties in Children with Developmental Language Disorder? (mdpi.com)
  • The current review gathers together research investigating peer interaction skills in children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) to give an overview of the strengths and challenges experienced by these children when interacting with other children. (mdpi.com)
  • Growth hormone is necessary for normal growth and development in children. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • A growth disorder is any type of problem in infants, children, or teenagers that prevents normal growth. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Did you know that 8 percent of school-aged children have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disability? (cdc.gov)
  • If a child's body doesn't make enough thyroid hormones or growth hormone, doctors will give the child the missing hormone in pills or injections. (akronchildrens.org)
  • Apart from this, the widespread adoption of facet joint injections, nerve blocks, and epidural steroid injections for providing temporary pain relief and reducing inflammation in specific areas of the spine is also bolstering the market growth. (imarcgroup.com)
  • If you look closely at the video, it shows that one test was done to evaluate if you have a CAH, growth hormone injections steroids. (indieheat.tv)
  • The 7 major spinal disorders markets are expected to exhibit a CAGR of 3.22% during 2023-2033. (imarcgroup.com)
  • Do you agree that this website has increased your knowledge and understanding of paediatric endocrinology disorders? (medwirenews.com)
  • The neurology segment dominated the autologous cell therapy market due to high preference for cell therapy products for neurodegenerative diseases, rapid rise of stroke death worldwide, and favorable government support accentuates market growth. (medgadget.com)
  • Many diseases of the endocrine system can affect growth. (kidshealth.org)
  • For athletes with adrenal diseases, especially those in their teens, the diagnosis should be considered immediately, growth hormone levels with age. (indieheat.tv)
  • Gastrointestinal disorders includes irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux diseases and peptic ulcer diseases. (emailwire.com)
  • In addition, increasing stress, unhealthy dietary habits and geriatric population drives the growth of this market. (emailwire.com)
  • In acromegaly, a severe disease that is often diagnosed late, morbidity and mortality rates are high, particularly as a result of associated cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory disorders and malignancies. (medscape.com)
  • A drug called somatropin or growth hormone ( Nutropin , Genotropin , Norditropin , Saizen , Humatrope , Tev-tropin , Omnitrope ) is injected into the fat underneath the skin. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The increasing incidences of congenital or developmental abnormalities of the spine that can cause spinal instability, deformities, or nerve compression are primarily driving the spinal disorders market. (imarcgroup.com)
  • Individuals presented with a similar phenotype consisting of developmental delay, intellectual disability , growth retardation, microcephaly , and variable craniofacial dysmorphism. (bvsalud.org)
  • For the majority of people, growth hormone is produced naturally by the pituitary gland in the brain. (novonordisk.com.hk)
  • The hypothalamus (part of the brain) controls the pituitary gland, which in turn releases some of the hormones that control growth and sexual development. (kidshealth.org)
  • This condition involves the pituitary gland, the small gland at the base of the brain that makes growth hormone along with other hormones. (kidshealth.org)
  • If the pituitary gland doesn't make enough hormones, normal growth slows down or stops. (kidshealth.org)
  • Hypothalamic-Pituitary and Growth Disorders in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. (cmep-endocrinology.com)
  • Increase in incidence of neurological disorders, cancer and autoimmune disorders are helps to drive the growth of this market during forecasted period. (medgadget.com)
  • Human growth hormone (hGH) or growth hormone therapy (GHT) is a biosynthetic hormone replacement therapy. (novonordisk.com.hk)
  • In people with this mutation, they were born with a version of the gene encoding the enzyme that synthesizes cortisol, disorders growth hormone. (indieheat.tv)
  • The immediate early gene and transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) has thus been revealed as a major mediator and regulator of synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity in both physiological and pathological conditions. (fsu.edu)
  • The most critical of these proteins is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), which couples GH binding to the activation of gene expression that leads to the intracellular effects of GH, including synthesis of IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and ALS. (medscape.com)
  • Providers call this "constitutional growth delay. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Teens who have constitutional growth delay grow at a normal rate when they're younger, but they lag behind and don't start their pubertal development and their growth spurt until after most of their peers. (kidshealth.org)
  • People who have constitutional growth delay are often referred to as "late bloomers. (kidshealth.org)
  • If a kid or teen might have constitutional growth delay, a doctor might take X-rays of the wrist and compare them with X-rays of what's considered average for that age. (kidshealth.org)
  • Teens with constitutional growth delay have bones that look younger than what's expected for their age. (kidshealth.org)
  • Why is the growth plate the most important organ for childhood growth: how can it be investigated for clinical diagnosis? (medwirenews.com)
  • The major factors driving the global market growth include the growing patient population base, research and development activities, and increasing focus on recombinant products by pharmaceutical companies. (sounds-healing.com)
  • With age, most people notice some hair loss because hair growth slows. (aad.org)
  • When upper GI endoscopy reveals no erosive findings and esophageal acid exposure time (AET) is less than 4% throughout all days of prolonged wireless pH monitoring, the physician can conclude that the patient has no pathologic gastroesophageal reflux and is likely to have a functional esophageal disorder. (medscape.com)
  • These are the functional disorders in which gastrointestinal bowel doesn t work properly. (emailwire.com)
  • The extensive use of anticonvulsants, as a single drug or as a part of combination therapies, will quickly drive the growth of the market segment over the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)