Graphite
Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Electrodes
Bioelectric Energy Sources
Electrochemistry
Electrochemical Techniques
Meteoroids
Astronomical Phenomena
Thermal Conductivity
Astronomy
Lead
Diamond
Geobacter
Aluminum
Potentiometry
Electrolysis
Carbon
In situ atomic force microscopy study of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide on different substrates: new insights into mechanism of beta-sheet formation. (1/386)
We have applied in situ atomic force microscopy to directly observe the aggregation of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in contact with two model solid surfaces: hydrophilic mica and hydrophobic graphite. The time course of aggregation was followed by continuous imaging of surfaces remaining in contact with 10-500 microM solutions of Abeta in PBS (pH 7.4). Visualization of fragile nanoscale aggregates of Abeta was made possible by the application of a tapping mode of imaging, which minimizes the lateral forces between the probe tip and the sample. The size and the shape of Abeta aggregates, as well as the kinetics of their formation, exhibited pronounced dependence on the physicochemical nature of the surface. On hydrophilic mica, Abeta formed particulate, pseudomicellar aggregates, which at higher Abeta concentration had the tendency to form linear assemblies, reminiscent of protofibrillar species described recently in the literature. In contrast, on hydrophobic graphite Abeta formed uniform, elongated sheets. The dimensions of those sheets were consistent with the dimensions of beta-sheets with extended peptide chains perpendicular to the long axis of the aggregate. The sheets of Abeta were oriented along three directions at 120 degrees to each other, resembling the crystallographic symmetry of a graphite surface. Such substrate-templated self-assembly may be the distinguishing feature of beta-sheets in comparison with alpha-helices. These studies show that in situ atomic force microscopy enables direct assessment of amyloid aggregation in physiological fluids and suggest that Abeta fibril formation may be driven by interactions at the interface of aqueous solutions and hydrophobic substrates, as occurs in membranes and lipoprotein particles in vivo. (+info)99mTc technegas ventilation and perfusion lung scintigraphy for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolus. (2/386)
Lung scintigraphy is used widely for diagnosis of pulmonary embolus (PE). Technegas ventilation imaging has many advantages over other methods, but little outcome data exists on this technique. The aims of this study were to better define the role of lung scintigraphy in the management of patients with suspected PE and to evaluate technegas ventilation imaging by following patient outcomes. METHODS: A group of 717 out of 834 consecutive patients, referred to a university teaching hospital for lung scintigraphy to confirm or refute the diagnosis of PE, was followed for 18-30 mo to determine clinical outcome. The follow-up endpoints were death as a result of PE, death as a result of hemorrhage after treatment for PE, uncomplicated survival, survival with subsequent PE, nonfatal hemorrhage after treatment for PE and recurrence of PE in treated patients. Ventilation imaging was performed using technegas, and perfusion imaging was performed using intravenous 99mTc macroaggregated albumin. The modified PIOPED (Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis) diagnostic criterion was used for interpretation of lung scintigraphy. RESULTS: Diagnostic results included 3.5% normal studies, 67.4% assessed as low probability for PE, 10% as moderate probability for PE and 19.1% as high probability for PE. A total of 231 patents received therapy with heparin, followed by warfarin, including those receiving anticoagulation therapy for other conditions. Ninety-six percent of patients with normal and low probability studies (n = 508) had good outcomes, 6 patients died as a result of PE and 12 subsequently developed PE. The odds ratio for death by PE in this group was 0.2. Of the 72 moderate probability studies, 39 patients were untreated. In this group there was 1 death due to PE, and PE subsequently developed in 2 patients. None of the remaining 33 treated patients died, but 4 patients experienced bleeding complications. The odds ratio for death by PE in the moderate probability group was 0.7. In those patients with high-probability studies, there were 8 deaths by PE, 6 deaths by hemorrhage, 11 nonfatal hemorrhages and 7 patients who experienced recurrences of PE. The odds ratios in this group were 6 and 10 for death by PE, or death by PE and the treatment of PE, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of the modified PIOPED diagnostic classification is valid for technegas lung scintigraphy. Using technegas, normal/low-probability and high-probability results are highly predictive of respective outcomes. Technegas lung scintigraphy reduces the number of indeterminate studies. (+info)Origin of graphitic carbon and pentlandite in matrix olivines in the Allende meteorite. (3/386)
Matrix olivines in the Allende carbonaceous chondrite are believed to have formed by condensation processes in the primitive solar nebula. However, transmission electron microscope observations of numerous matrix olivines show that they contain abundant, previously unrecognized, nanometer-sized inclusions of pentlandite and poorly graphitized carbon. Neither of these phases would have been stable at the high-temperature conditions required to condense iron-rich olivine in the solar nebula. The presence of these inclusions is consistent with formation of the olivines by parent body processes that involved overgrowth of fine-grained organic materials and sulfides in the precursor matrix materials. (+info)Interlaboratory comparison of ultrasonic backscatter, attenuation, and speed measurements. (4/386)
In a study involving 10 different sites, independent results of measurements of ultrasonic properties on equivalent tissue-mimicking samples are reported and compared. The properties measured were propagation speed, attenuation coefficients, and backscatter coefficients. Reasonably good agreement exists for attenuation coefficients, but less satisfactory results were found for propagation speeds. As anticipated, agreement was not impressive in the case of backscatter coefficients. Results for four sites agreed rather well in both absolute values and frequency dependence, and results from other sites were lower by as much as an order of magnitude. The study is valuable for laboratories doing quantitative studies. (+info)Quantitative analysis of technegas SPECT: evaluation of regional severity of emphysema. (5/386)
The purpose of this study was to quantify the regional severity of emphysema by 3-dimensional fractal analysis of technegas (99mTc-carbon particle radioaerosol) SPECT images. METHODS: Technegas SPECT was performed on 22 patients with emphysema. The lungs were delineated using 4 cutoff levels (15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the maximal pixel radioactivity), and the total number of pixels was measured in the areas surrounded by the contours obtained with each cutoff level. We calculated fractal dimensions from the relationship between the total number of pixels and cutoff levels transformed into logarithms. Fractal dimension for total or regional lung was defined as the severity of emphysema. RESULTS: Total lung fractal dimension (T-FD), upper lung fractal dimension (U-FD), and lower lung fractal dimension (L-FD) for patients with emphysema were 1.84 +/- 0.46 (mean +/-SD), 2.22 +/- 0.61, and 1.77 +/- 0.49, respectively. U-FD was significantly greater than was L-FD. Patients with the ratio of U-FD to L-FD of <1.16 had a significantly greater percentage forced vital capacity (FVC) than did patients with the ratio of >1.16. Patients with an L-FD of <1.8 had a significantly greater forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC than did patients with that of >1.8. No significant difference was found between patient groups stratified by U-FD. CONCLUSION: The regional severity of emphysema was well shown by these fractal dimensions. (+info)Tunable resistance of a carbon nanotube-graphite interface. (6/386)
The transfer of electrons from one material to another is usually described in terms of energy conservation, with no attention being paid to momentum conservation. Here we present results on the junction resistance between a carbon nanotube and a graphite substrate and show that details of momentum conservation also can change the contact resistance. By changing the angular alignment of the atomic lattices, we found that contact resistance varied by more than an order of magnitude in a controlled and reproducible fashion, indicating that momentum conservation, in addition to energy conservation, can dictate the junction resistance in graphene systems such as carbon nanotube junctions and devices. (+info)Micromethod for lead determination in whole blood by atomic absorption, with use of the graphite furnace. (7/386)
I describe a micro-scale method for determining lead in whole blood by utilizing a graphite furnace. Sample pretreatment consists of fivefold dilution with a dilute surfactant. The method is directly calibrated with lead standards prepared in dilute HNO3. To eliminate a small, nonspecific absorption signal from the blood matrix, simultaneous background correction is used. Interlaboratory comparison with a flame atomic absorption technique that requires extraction yielded high correlation (r equal to 0.98). Within-run precision (coefficient of variation) ranged from 2 to 4 percent. Lead in blood can be accurately measured in as little as 20 mul of blood, hence the method is suitable for routine laboratory use and for pediatric screening. (+info)Technique for determining nickel in blood by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. (8/386)
We describe a technique for determining nickel in serum by flameless atomic absorption, with use of dimethylglyoxime. The procedure permits a greater number of analyses per technician at a relatively low cost, yet provides acceptable accuracy and reliability. After the sample is evaporated and dry ashed in a muffle furnace at 560 degrees C for 5 h, the residual salts are dissolved in hydrochloric acid (1 mol/liter). Sodium citrate and dimethylglyoxime are then added for complexation of iron and nickel, respectively. The pH is adjusted to 9 with ammonia and the nickel dimethylglyoxime is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone. The determination is carried out by injecting 50 mul of the organic phase into the graphite furnace, where the sample is dried at 120 degrees C and ashed at 1200 degrees C, respectively. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "graphite" is not a medical term. It is a mineral form of carbon that is used in various applications, such as pencils, lubricants, and batteries. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) is not strictly a medical definition, but it is a type of microscopy used in some areas of scientific research including biophysics and nanotechnology. However, I can provide a general definition:
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) is a type of microscopy that uses quantum tunneling to form an image of a sample surface at the atomic level. In this process, a sharp conductive tip is brought very close to the surface of the sample, and a voltage bias is applied between the two. Electrons can tunnel through the vacuum gap between the tip and the sample, and the resulting current is measured and used to form an image of the surface topography with atomic resolution. It's worth noting that STM is not commonly used in medical diagnosis or treatment, but it has been used in some research applications related to medicine, such as studying the structure of individual molecules or investigating the properties of biomaterials at the nanoscale.
Atomic spectrophotometry is a type of analytical technique used to determine the concentration of specific atoms or ions in a sample by measuring the intensity of light absorbed or emitted at wavelengths characteristic of those atoms or ions. This technique involves the use of an atomic spectrometer, which uses a source of energy (such as a flame, plasma, or electrode) to excite the atoms or ions in the sample, causing them to emit light at specific wavelengths. The intensity of this emitted light is then measured and used to calculate the concentration of the element of interest.
Atomic spectrophotometry can be further divided into two main categories: atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and atomic emission spectrophotometry (AES). In AAS, the sample is atomized in a flame or graphite furnace and the light from a lamp that emits light at the same wavelength as one of the elements in the sample is passed through the atoms. The amount of light absorbed by the atoms is then measured and used to determine the concentration of the element. In AES, the sample is atomized and excited to emit its own light, which is then measured and analyzed to determine the concentration of the element.
Atomic spectrophotometry is widely used in various fields such as environmental monitoring, clinical chemistry, forensic science, and industrial quality control for the determination of trace elements in a variety of sample types including liquids, solids, and gases.
An electrode is a medical device that can conduct electrical currents and is used to transmit or receive electrical signals, often in the context of medical procedures or treatments. In a medical setting, electrodes may be used for a variety of purposes, such as:
1. Recording electrical activity in the body: Electrodes can be attached to the skin or inserted into body tissues to measure electrical signals produced by the heart, brain, muscles, or nerves. This information can be used to diagnose medical conditions, monitor the effectiveness of treatments, or guide medical procedures.
2. Stimulating nerve or muscle activity: Electrodes can be used to deliver electrical impulses to nerves or muscles, which can help to restore function or alleviate symptoms in people with certain medical conditions. For example, electrodes may be used to stimulate the nerves that control bladder function in people with spinal cord injuries, or to stimulate muscles in people with muscle weakness or paralysis.
3. Administering treatments: Electrodes can also be used to deliver therapeutic treatments, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for depression or deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders like Parkinson's disease. In these procedures, electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a device that generates electrical impulses, which can help to regulate abnormal brain activity and improve symptoms.
Overall, electrodes play an important role in many medical procedures and treatments, allowing healthcare professionals to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions that affect the body's electrical systems.
Bioelectric energy sources refer to the electrical energy generated through biological processes within living organisms. This energy is produced by the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, typically through the use of cell membranes and ions. A common example of a bioelectric energy source is the action potential generated by nerve cells, or neurons, in order to communicate signals throughout the body. Another example is the electrical energy generated by cardiac muscle cells during each heartbeat. These endogenous electrical signals can be harnessed and used for various medical and therapeutic purposes, such as in the use of pacemakers and cochlear implants. Additionally, there is ongoing research into developing bioelectric devices that can interface with living tissues to monitor or manipulate biological processes, such as tissue regeneration and cancer treatment.
Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the interconversion of electrical energy and chemical energy. It involves the study of chemical processes that cause electrons to move, resulting in the transfer of electrical charge, and the reverse processes by which electrical energy can be used to drive chemical reactions. This field encompasses various phenomena such as the generation of electricity from chemical sources (as in batteries), the electrolysis of substances, and corrosion. Electrochemical reactions are fundamental to many technologies, including energy storage and conversion, environmental protection, and medical diagnostics.
Electrochemical techniques are a group of analytical methods used in chemistry and biochemistry that involve the study of chemical processes that cause electrons to move. These techniques use an electrochemical cell, which consists of two electrodes (a working electrode and a counter electrode) immersed in an electrolyte solution. An electrical potential is applied between the electrodes, which drives redox reactions to occur at the electrode surfaces. The resulting current that flows through the cell can be measured and related to the concentration of analytes in the solution.
There are several types of electrochemical techniques, including:
1. Voltammetry: This technique measures the current that flows through the cell as a function of the applied potential. There are several types of voltammetry, including cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry.
2. Amperometry: This technique measures the current that flows through the cell at a constant potential.
3. Potentiometry: This technique measures the potential difference between the working electrode and a reference electrode at zero current flow.
4. Impedance spectroscopy: This technique measures the impedance of the electrical circuit formed by the electrochemical cell as a function of frequency.
Electrochemical techniques are widely used in various fields, such as environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, food analysis, and biomedical research. They offer several advantages, including high sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity, making them a powerful tool for chemical analysis.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "meteoroids" is not a term used in medical definitions. It is a term from the field of astronomy. Meteoroids are small particles or bits of rock that are traveling in space. When they enter the Earth's atmosphere, they can become meteors (also known as "shooting stars") and can sometimes make it to the ground as meteorites.
Astronomical phenomena are observable events that occur in the universe beyond our planet Earth. These can include a wide range of occurrences such as:
1. The movement and positions of celestial bodies like stars, planets, asteroids, comets, and galaxies.
2. Changes in the brightness or appearance of celestial objects, such as eclipses, transits, novae, and supernovae.
3. Phenomena related to the life cycles of stars, like stellar evolution, neutron star formation, black hole creation, etc.
4. Natural phenomena that occur in the interstellar medium or intergalactic space, such as nebulae, pulsars, quasars, and active galactic nuclei.
5. Gravitational effects on light, such as gravitational lensing and gravitational waves.
6. Phenomena related to the structure and evolution of the universe, like cosmic microwave background radiation and dark matter.
These phenomena are studied by astronomers using various observational techniques and instruments, including telescopes that detect different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as space-based observatories and astrophysical experiments.
Thermal conductivity is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a physical property of materials that refers to their ability to conduct heat. However, in the context of medicine, thermal conductivity may be relevant when discussing certain medical treatments or devices that involve heating or cooling tissues. For example, some ablation techniques used to destroy cancerous tissue use probes with high thermal conductivity to deliver radiofrequency energy and generate heat.
Here is a general definition of thermal conductivity:
Thermal conductivity (k) is the measure of a material's ability to transfer heat energy conducted through it due to a temperature difference. It is expressed as the amount of heat energy (in watts, W) transferred per unit of time (second, s) through a unit area (square meter, m²) with a given temperature difference (kelvin, K) between the two faces. The formula for thermal conductivity is:
k = Q x L / (A x ΔT)
Where:
* k is the thermal conductivity (in W/mK)
* Q is the heat transfer rate (in watts, W)
* L is the length of the material through which the heat is transferred (in meters, m)
* A is the cross-sectional area of the material perpendicular to the heat flow (in square meters, m²)
* ΔT is the temperature difference between the two faces of the material (in kelvin, K)
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "phonons" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. Phonons are actually a concept in the field of physics, specifically in solid-state physics and quantum mechanics. They refer to quantized modes of vibration occurring in a rigid crystal lattice, analogous to photons as quantized modes of electromagnetic radiation.
In other words, phonons are not directly related to medical terminology or human health. If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health concerns, I'd be happy to help with those instead!
Astronomy is not a medical term, but rather it is a branch of science that deals with the study of celestial objects, phenomena, and processes outside the Earth's atmosphere. It involves observing stars, planets, galaxies, and other cosmic entities, and using physical laws to understand their properties and behavior.
Therefore, there is no medical definition for astronomy. However, it is worth noting that some areas of astronomy may have applications in medicine, such as the use of medical imaging techniques that were developed based on principles used in radio astronomy.
In the context of medicine, "lead" most commonly refers to lead exposure or lead poisoning. Lead is a heavy metal that can be harmful to the human body, even at low levels. It can enter the body through contaminated air, water, food, or soil, and it can also be absorbed through the skin.
Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body over time, causing damage to the brain, nervous system, red blood cells, and kidneys. Symptoms of lead poisoning may include abdominal pain, constipation, fatigue, headache, irritability, memory problems, and in severe cases, seizures, coma, or even death.
Lead exposure is particularly dangerous for children, as their developing bodies are more sensitive to the harmful effects of lead. Even low levels of lead exposure can cause learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and developmental delays in children. Therefore, it's important to minimize lead exposure and seek medical attention if lead poisoning is suspected.
Electricity is not a medical term, but rather a fundamental aspect of physics and science. It refers to the form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles such as electrons or protons, either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.
However, in the context of medical procedures and treatments, electricity is often used to stimulate nerves or muscles, destroy tissue through processes like electrocoagulation, or generate images of internal structures using methods like electrocardiography (ECG) or electroencephalography (EEG). In these cases, a clear medical definition would be:
The use of electric currents or fields in medical procedures for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
Dynamin III is a protein that belongs to the dynamin family, which are large GTPases involved in various cellular processes such as membrane trafficking and cytokinesis. Dynamin III is primarily expressed in the testis and has been suggested to play a role in spermatogenesis. It is also known as DNM3 or dyn3.
The dynamin family of proteins consists of three main members: dynamin I, II, and III. These proteins share structural and functional similarities but have distinct tissue distributions and functions. Dynamin I and II are widely expressed in various tissues and play important roles in endocytosis and intracellular vesicle trafficking. In contrast, dynamin III is primarily found in the testis and has been implicated in sperm development and function.
Dynamin III is a large protein that consists of several functional domains, including an N-terminal GTPase domain, a middle domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a GTPase effector domain (GED), and a C-terminal proline-rich domain. These domains enable dynamin III to interact with various cellular components and participate in diverse cellular processes.
While the precise function of dynamin III remains to be fully elucidated, studies have suggested that it may play a role in sperm maturation, motility, and fertilization. Dynamin III has been shown to localize to the acrosomal region of spermatozoa, which is involved in sperm-egg recognition and fusion during fertilization. Additionally, dynamin III knockout mice exhibit impaired spermatogenesis and reduced fertility, further supporting its role in male reproduction.
Overall, dynamin III is a testis-specific protein that belongs to the dynamin family of GTPases and has been implicated in various aspects of sperm development and function. However, more research is needed to fully understand its molecular mechanisms and physiological significance.
I believe you are asking for a medical explanation or definition of the term "diamond" in a medical context. However, I should clarify that "diamond" is not a commonly used medical term for a specific disease, condition, or diagnostic feature. It's essential to provide more information if it relates to a particular medical concept or usage.
In general, the term "diamond" refers to a clear and colorless form of carbon with a crystalline structure in which each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming a tetrahedral shape. It's widely known for its use as a valuable gemstone due to its exceptional hardness, brilliance, and fire.
However, there are some tangential medical connections to the term "diamond." For example:
1. Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA): A rare congenital bone marrow failure disorder characterized by a decrease in red blood cell production. It is named after Drs. Louis Diamond and Kenneth Blackfan, who first described it.
2. Turner syndrome with XY sex chromosomes: A rare genetic condition where an individual has only one functional X chromosome instead of the typical pair (XX) found in females. Occasionally, these individuals may have a Y chromosome fragment, often referred to as "mosaic Turner syndrome with XY cells" or "XY gonadal dysgenesis." In this context, the term "XY" is sometimes metaphorically described as a "genetic male's 'diamond in the rough'" due to its rarity and unique characteristics.
If you have more information about how the term "diamond" is being used in your specific medical context, I would be happy to help further clarify or provide additional details.
Geobacter is not a medical term, but a genus of delta-proteobacteria that are capable of metal reduction and play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycling of metals in the environment. They are commonly found in soil, freshwater sediments, and groundwater, where they can facilitate the remediation of contaminants such as uranium, technetium, and petroleum products. While Geobacter species have no direct relevance to human medical conditions, understanding their metabolic capabilities and ecological roles can contribute to broader knowledge in microbiology, environmental science, and bioremediation.
The chemical element aluminum (or aluminium in British English) is a silvery-white, soft, non-magnetic, ductile metal. The atomic number of aluminum is 13 and its symbol on the periodic table is Al. It is the most abundant metallic element in the Earth's crust and is found in a variety of minerals such as bauxite.
Aluminum is resistant to corrosion due to the formation of a thin layer of aluminum oxide on its surface that protects it from further oxidation. It is lightweight, has good thermal and electrical conductivity, and can be easily formed and machined. These properties make aluminum a widely used metal in various industries such as construction, packaging, transportation, and electronics.
In the medical field, aluminum is used in some medications and medical devices. For example, aluminum hydroxide is commonly used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and treat heartburn, while aluminum salts are used as adjuvants in vaccines to enhance the immune response. However, excessive exposure to aluminum can be harmful and has been linked to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, although the exact relationship between aluminum and these conditions is not fully understood.
Potentiometry is a method used in analytical chemistry to measure the potential (or voltage) difference between two electrodes, which reflects the concentration of an ion or a particular molecule in a solution. It involves setting up an electrochemical cell with two electrodes: a working electrode and a reference electrode. The working electrode is immersed in the test solution and its potential is measured against the stable potential of the reference electrode.
The Nernst equation can be used to relate the potential difference to the concentration of the analyte, allowing for quantitative analysis. Potentiometry is often used to measure the activity or concentration of ions such as H+, Na+, K+, and Cl-, as well as other redox-active species.
In medical testing, potentiometry can be used to measure the concentration of certain ions in biological fluids such as blood, urine, or sweat. For example, it can be used to measure the pH of a solution (the concentration of H+ ions) or the concentration of glucose in blood using a glucometer.
Electrolysis is a medical procedure that involves the use of electrical current to permanently remove hair growth. It works by passing a thin, solid metal electrode (called a probe) into the natural opening of the hair follicle and applying an electrical charge to destroy the hair root. This process can be used to remove hair from any part of the body, including the face, legs, arms, underarms, and bikini area.
During electrolysis, a trained professional called an electrologist inserts a small needle into the hair follicle and applies a mild electrical current. The current heats up and destroys the hair root, preventing future growth. Multiple treatments are usually necessary to achieve permanent hair removal, as only one or two hairs can be treated at a time.
Electrolysis is considered a safe and effective method for permanent hair removal, but it can cause some discomfort during and after treatment. Common side effects include redness, swelling, and tenderness in the treated area. These side effects typically resolve within a few hours to a few days after treatment.
It's important to note that electrolysis should only be performed by a licensed and trained electrologist. Improper technique can cause scarring, infection, or other complications. Before undergoing electrolysis, it's recommended to consult with a dermatologist or other healthcare provider to discuss the risks and benefits of the procedure.
In the context of medical definitions, 'carbon' is not typically used as a standalone term. Carbon is an element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, which is naturally abundant in the human body and the environment. It is a crucial component of all living organisms, forming the basis of organic compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with various elements, allowing for the creation of complex molecules that are essential to life. In this sense, carbon is a fundamental building block of life on Earth. However, it does not have a specific medical definition as an isolated term.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Moon" is not a commonly used medical term. The moon is a natural satellite that orbits around the Earth and is not related to medical terminology or anatomy. If you have any questions about medical definitions or topics, I would be happy to help!
Graphite
Graphite (disambiguation)
Graphite Capital
Graphite Peak
Graphite bomb
Lanka Graphite
Graphite (software)
Expandable graphite
Nuclear graphite
Graphite (album)
Quantum3D Graphite
AA'-graphite
Graphite oxide
Compacted graphite iron
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets
Graphite-moderated reactor
Graphite intercalation compound
Prince original graphite
Bogala Graphite Mine
Uley graphite project
Graphite lined stamp
Annealed pyrolytic graphite
Graphite-Epoxy Motor
Kahatagaha Graphite Mine
Celtic graphite pottery
Graphite (smart font technology)
X-10 Graphite Reactor
Graphite furnace atomic absorption
Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor
Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
Natural graphite13
- Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on large scale (300 kton/year, in 1989) for uses in pencils, lubricants, and electrodes. (wikipedia.org)
- The principal types of natural graphite, each occurring in different types of ore deposits, are Crystalline small flakes of graphite (or flake graphite) occurs as isolated, flat, plate-like particles with hexagonal edges if unbroken. (wikipedia.org)
- Natural Graphite has a subtle dust quality, making it easy to blend. (dickblick.com)
- Natural graphite also works equally well - if it is supplied in coarse flakes and not ground too finely or into folded, non-flake shapes. (admin.ch)
- The graphite cathode battery constructed from steel production "kish graphite" or raw, natural graphite flakes has the potential to become highly cost-effective. (admin.ch)
- Understanding the difference between synthetic and natural graphite is essential for investors, as industries typically need a specific type of graphite for their applications. (robocup2009.org)
- Synthetic graphite can be significantly more expensive to produce than natural graphite, as the process is relatively energy-intensive. (robocup2009.org)
- The cost can be double or triple the standard price for natural graphite. (robocup2009.org)
- Roskill sees growth opportunities for synthetic and natural graphite in the lithium-ion battery market. (robocup2009.org)
- Natural graphite is the fastest-growing subset of graphite through 2030 - and improvements in purity are helping natural graphite enter the nuclear technology and high-end battery markets, which synthetics have typically owned. (robocup2009.org)
- After more than ten years of development, the company has gradually developed into a diversified product structure with natural graphite, artificial graphite, composite graphite, intermediate phase and other harmful materials (silicon-carbon materials, etc. (robocup2009.org)
- In 2021, there was no natural graphite produced in the United States . (investmentu.com)
- It also has a deal with Tesla (Nasdaq: TSLA) to provide natural graphite active anode material. (investmentu.com)
Pencils7
- When many people think of graphite, the first thing that comes to mind is pencils. (investmentu.com)
- Stock up on graphite and lead pencils for writing and drawing with the range available at Officeworks. (officeworks.com.au)
- Graphite pencils have always produced a shimmering, shiny laydown. (faber-castell.com)
- Faber-Castell 9000 Graphite Pencils- a genuinely classic pencil! (jerrysartarama.com)
- Faber-Castell 9000 graphite pencils also feature a patented SV bonding process, securing the leads inside the casing for less chance of breakage. (jerrysartarama.com)
- All pencils are made of graphite, which is a soft form of carbon. (medlineplus.gov)
- 5 The 5 mg/m3 concentration is sometimes reported on material safety data sheets as a manufacturer's suggested exposure limit for carbon nanotubes and is based on the permissible occupational exposure limit (PEL) for graphite, whose most commonly known use is as a powder for manufacturing pencils. (cdc.gov)
Isostatic Graphite1
- This Report is based on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate of high Grade Isostatic Graphite for each application the "global high Grade Isostatic Graphite market" is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2022. (openpr.com)
Hexagonal4
- The two forms of graphite are called alpha (hexagonal) and beta (rhombohedral). (wikipedia.org)
- Crystalline small flakes of graphite (or flake graphite) occurs as isolated, flat, plate-like particles with hexagonal edges if unbroken. (wikipedia.org)
- But Graphite also has other special properties: Graphite is a naturally occurring modification of carbon (chemical formula: C). Its atoms arrange themselves in the hexagonal pattern, which is typical for carbon, and thus form a hexagonal layered lattice. (mis-asia.com)
- The carbon atoms in Graphite are linked in a hexagonal network which forms one-atom-thick sheets. (mis-asia.com)
Graphene1
- They differ in terms of the stacking of the graphene layers: stacking in alpha graphite is ABA, as opposed to ABC stacking in energetically less stable and less common beta graphite. (wikipedia.org)
Faber-Castell1
- Illustrators and artists ought to add this graphite pencil from Faber-Castell to their art kit. (michaels.com)
Specific type of graphite1
- Graphite For EDM EDM graphite, also known as Electrical Discharge Machining graphite, refers to a specific type of graphite material that is widely used as an electrode in the EDM process. (ecplaza.net)
Flake graphite2
- But NextSource Materials isn't just using graphite in its manufacturing, it also mines and processes flake graphite. (investmentu.com)
- The Molo Graphite Project is one the highest quality and largest-known flake graphite deposits in the world. (investmentu.com)
Forms of graphite1
- These forms of Graphite are occurrences without economic importance. (mis-asia.com)
Made of graphite1
- In conventional Li-ion batteries, the anode (the negative pole) is made of graphite, the layers of which (in a charged state) contain the lithium ions. (admin.ch)
Properties of graphite1
- The acoustic and thermal properties of graphite are highly anisotropic, since phonons propagate quickly along the tightly bound planes, but are slower to travel from one plane to another. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic14
- Synthetic graphite is a material consisting of graphitic carbon which has been obtained by graphitizing of non-graphitic carbon, by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) from hydrocarbons at temperatures above 2500 K, by decomposition of thermally unstable carbides or by crystallizing from metal melts supersaturated with carbon. (wikipedia.org)
- What is Synthetic Graphite Powder? (robocup2009.org)
- Synthetic graphite plays a significant role in a few highly specialized industries. (robocup2009.org)
- Synthetic graphite is a unique material often used in metal manufacturing and energy devices such as batteries and solar panels. (robocup2009.org)
- Synthetic graphite comprises high-purity carbon and is known for its ability to withstand high temperatures and corrosion. (robocup2009.org)
- Here's a look at the synthetic graphite market and what it offers. (robocup2009.org)
- What is synthetic graphite used for? (robocup2009.org)
- Is synthetic graphite terrible for the environment? (robocup2009.org)
- Why is synthetic graphite expensive? (robocup2009.org)
- However, synthetic graphite will still face somewhat of an uphill battle. (robocup2009.org)
- Price will undoubtedly be a determining factor in the competition between natural and synthetic graphite. (robocup2009.org)
- Would you invest in synthetic graphite? (robocup2009.org)
- Synthetic graphite" is made by heating high-carbon materials like petroleum coke and coal-tar pitch to 2500 to 3000 degrees Celsius. (mis-asia.com)
- Synthetic Graphite can have a purity of over 99% carbon, and it is used in manufactured products where extremely pure material is required. (mis-asia.com)
Meteorites2
- In meteorites, graphite occurs with troilite and silicate minerals. (wikipedia.org)
- Some iron meteorites contain small amounts of Graphite. (mis-asia.com)
Flakes1
- The reason: the graphite layers are open at the flakes' edges and the thick anions are thus able to slip into the structure more easily. (admin.ch)
Minerals1
- Minerals associated with graphite include quartz, calcite, micas and tourmaline. (wikipedia.org)
Mineral4
- Graphite may be the second or third oldest mineral in the Universe. (wikipedia.org)
- Benchmark Mineral Intelligence expects to see double-digit growth in the battery sector from 2022 onwards in graphite demand. (robocup2009.org)
- Small amounts of Graphite are known to be a primary mineral in igneous rocks. (mis-asia.com)
- Graphite and diamond are the two mineral forms of carbon-diamond forms in the mantle under extreme heat and pressure. (mis-asia.com)
Crystalline4
- Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/) is a crystalline form of the element carbon. (wikipedia.org)
- Lump graphite (or vein graphite) occurs in fissure veins or fractures and appears as massive platy intergrowths of fibrous or acicular crystalline aggregates, and is probably hydrothermal in origin. (wikipedia.org)
- Graphite ( / ˈ ɡ r æ f aɪ t / ) is a crystalline form of the element carbon . (wikipedia.org)
- The Graphite that remains links into a sheet-like crystalline structure. (mis-asia.com)
Flex1
- Loaded with shoe comfort, the Gaby Ornamented Driver in Graphite Genuine Leather has a diamond flex outsole, a pillow insole, a molded padded footbed and many more incredible shoe comfort features. (aerosoles.com)
Lithium ion batte1
- The fine-ground graphite normally used in lithium ion batteries, however, is ill-suited for Kovalenko's battery: by grinding the graphite particles, the layers become creased like crumpled-up paper. (admin.ch)
Anode1
- It wants to be the first major integrated producer of graphite for anode materials that isn't based in China. (investmentu.com)
Material2
- Kravchyk made a remarkable discovery while searching for the "right" graphite: he found that waste graphite produced in steel pro-duction, referred to as "kish graphite", makes for a great cathode material. (admin.ch)
- While diamond, another carbon modification, is the hardest naturally occurring material in the world, with a value of 10 on the Mohs hardness scale, Graphite is one of the softest, with a value of 1-2. (mis-asia.com)
Womens1
- The Gaby comfortable womens shoe Ornamented Driver in Graphite Genuine Leather can be purchased with free shipping and free returns if your order is over $75. (aerosoles.com)
Furnace3
- Graphite electrode for submerged arc furnace includes large size graphite electrode and carbon (high ink) electrode. (ecplaza.net)
- A sensitive magnetic nanoparticle -based immunoassay of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase using protein cage templated lead phosphate for signal amplification with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry detection. (cdc.gov)
- We developed a new magnetic nanoparticle sandwich-like immunoassay using protein cage nanoparticle s (PCN) for signal amplification together with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for the quantification of an organophosphorylated acetylcholinesterase adduct (OP-AChE), the biomarker of exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and nerve agents. (cdc.gov)
Metrics1
- We use Graphite in Web Development to track metrics on our sites. (mozilla.org)
Hardness2
- This gives Graphite its very low hardness, perfect cleavage, and slippery feel. (mis-asia.com)
- The innovative Pitt Graphite Matt was specially developed to reduce light reflections on the paper and to create maximum depth effect by varying the different degrees of hardness. (faber-castell.com)
Pressures2
- Rapid conversion of graphite to diamond requires pressures well above the equilibrium line: at 2000 K, a pressure of 35 GPa is needed. (wikipedia.org)
- Most Graphite found near Earth's surface was formed within the crust at lower temperatures and pressures. (mis-asia.com)
Atomic1
- The fact that Graphite is electrically conductive results from its atomic structure. (mis-asia.com)
Naturally1
- Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Liquid1
- The pressure changes linearly between 1.7 GPa at 0 K and 12 GPa at 5000 K (the diamond/graphite/liquid triple point). (wikipedia.org)
Compounds1
- Graphite occurs in metamorphic rocks as a result of the reduction of sedimentary carbon compounds during metamorphism. (wikipedia.org)
Products1
- Henan Unitfine Graphite Products Co., Ltd. (ecplaza.net)
Outlook1
- The outlook for the overall graphite market is positive and is tied to the battery industry and energy storage applications. (robocup2009.org)
Fiber1
- The name "graphite fiber" is sometimes used to refer to carbon fibers or carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. (wikipedia.org)
Drawings2
- Pure and simple graphite creates quick, dramatic sketches and atmospheric line drawings. (dickblick.com)
- graphite drawings. (cdc.gov)
Monitoring12
- Get full access to Monitoring with Graphite and 60K+ other titles, with a free 10-day trial of O'Reilly. (oreilly.com)
- Graphite has become one of the most powerful monitoring tools available today, due to its ease of use, rapid graph prototyping abilities, and a friendly rendering API. (oreilly.com)
- Orbitz Worldwide , a leading global online travel company, has open sourced two monitoring tools Extremely Reusable Monitoring API (ERMA) and Graphite, a persistence and visualization component. (infoq.com)
- In the technical session, they demonstrated how ERMA and Graphite tools are being used in the applications at Orbitz, with samples of monitoring statistics and the visualization console. (infoq.com)
- Graphite Monitoring is described as 'Graphite is a highly scalable real-time graphing system. (alternativeto.net)
- There are more than 50 alternatives to Graphite Monitoring for a variety of platforms, including Linux, Web-based, Windows, Mac and Self-Hosted apps. (alternativeto.net)
- The best Graphite Monitoring alternative is Grafana , which is both free and Open Source. (alternativeto.net)
- Other great apps like Graphite Monitoring are Datadog , Kibana , Open Web Analytics and Prometheus . (alternativeto.net)
- Filter by these if you want a narrower list of alternatives or looking for a specific functionality of Graphite Monitoring. (alternativeto.net)
- Grafana is the most popular Windows, Mac, Linux & Self-Hosted alternative to Graphite Monitoring. (alternativeto.net)
- Grafana is the most popular Open Source & free alternative to Graphite Monitoring. (alternativeto.net)
- Datadog is the most popular Web-based alternative to Graphite Monitoring. (alternativeto.net)
Batteries3
- Yes: Empa and ETH Zürich researchers have discovered promising approaches as to how we might produce batteries out of waste graphite and scrap metal. (admin.ch)
- It's used in lithium batteries and as the EV trend continues, these graphite stocks should climb higher. (investmentu.com)
- Graphite demand has climbed thanks to EV batteries, but we use it in many other areas as well. (investmentu.com)
20161
- INGSM presentations are archived within the IAEA Knowledge Base on Nuclear Graphite, and this will continue with presentations for the 2016 conference. (soci.org)
Nuclear1
- The annual conferences continue to explore the entire nuclear graphite life cycle and the technical issues which are presented in the design, operation and decommissioning of graphite-moderated nuclear reactors. (soci.org)
Modernity1
- In its continuation, we discover that graphite is an action of citizenship in which adolescents, in an expression against modernity lifestyle, get to engage themselves. (bvsalud.org)
Materials4
- And it aims to "produce the greatest advanced graphite materials with a carbon neutral footprint for a sustainable world. (investmentu.com)
- The next graphite stock to buy is another Canada-based company, NextSource Materials. (investmentu.com)
- If NextSource Materials can deliver at that level, it should reward shareholders as one of the best graphite stocks on the market. (investmentu.com)
- In this study, four carbon materials (biochar, activated carbon , carbon nanotubes , and expanded graphite ) were introduced to support heptadecane. (bvsalud.org)
High2
- These high-quality, latex-free erasers remove graphite marks cleanly and easily with very little pressure. (dickblick.com)
- The U8806 PM variant is adapted to the Graphite Grey uni colour U961 on the high-quality lacquered surface PM PerfectSense Premium Matt. (egger.com)
Symptoms1
- Below are the main rubriks (i.e strongest indications or symptoms) of Graphites in traditional homeopathic usage , not approved by the FDA. (abchomeopathy.com)
Stable1
- At normal temperature and pressure, 20 °C (293 K) and 1 standard atmosphere (0.10 MPa), the stable phase of carbon is graphite, but diamond is metastable and its rate of conversion to graphite is negligible. (wikipedia.org)
Aluminum1
- The ARCHOS 55 Graphite comes with an aluminum unibody sporting a 5.5-inch 720p screen, 1.5 GHz quad-core processor, 2 GB of RAM, 16 GB of storage (expandable via a microSD card), 13-megapixel main camera with a secondary 2-megapixel unit on the back and a 5-megapixel selfie camera with flash. (phonearena.com)
Specially1
- Thermal stability: According to the quench acute thermal using conditions of graphite crucible, we will specially design the production procedure, so as. (ecplaza.net)
Readily1
- However, in oxygen-containing atmospheres graphite readily oxidizes to form carbon dioxide at temperatures of 700 °C and above. (wikipedia.org)
Electrons1
- Each carbon atom in a graphite crystal has four valence electrons, also called outer electrons, which can form bonds with neighboring atoms. (mis-asia.com)
Page2
- Along the right side of the Kindle DX (Graphite) are the Volume up/down, Home, Menu, Back, Next Page, and Previous Page buttons. (techrepublic.com)
- For information on adding Graphite support to an application you are developing, see our application developer resource page. (sil.org)
Reviews1
- Browse the top-ranked list of graphite computers below along with associated reviews and opinions. (bestbuy.com)
Grey1
- Graphite gets its typical grey color from its opaque grey to black crystals. (mis-asia.com)
Madagascar2
- The principal export sources of mined graphite are in order of tonnage: China, Mexico, Canada, Brazil, and Madagascar. (wikipedia.org)
- It's located in Madagascar and is estimated to contain more than 140 million tons of graphite. (investmentu.com)
Temperatures1
- However, at temperatures above about 4500 K, diamond rapidly converts to graphite. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatives1
- So if the graphite version doesn't sound quite right for you, one of those might fit better - you'll find details in the Alternatives section. (tomsguide.com)
Full5
- Despite our efforts to provide full and correct ARCHOS 55 Graphite specifications, there is always a possibility of admitting a mistake. (phonearena.com)
- The Corsair Graphite Series 780T is a spacious full-tower chassis that offers some welcome refinements to the typical PC case with a tinker-friendly design and highly ventilated interior. (techspot.com)
- Corsair's Graphite Series 780T Full-Tower case is a large, good-looking enclosure with great storage and cooling options! (techspot.com)
- 780T is Corsair's second Graphite Series release this summer and in true Graphite fashion, this full tower chassis remains consistent with the rest of the portfolio.One of the biggest attractions with the Graphite Series is the easy to remove side. (techspot.com)
- Read on for our full Saatva Graphite mattress topper review. (tomsguide.com)