Governing Board
Specialty Boards
Ethics Committees, Research
Ships
Educational Measurement
United States
Ethics, Research
Osteopathic Medicine
Naval Medicine
Chief Executive Officers, Hospital
Decision Making, Organizational
Clinical Competence
Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees
Hospitals, Voluntary
Health Planning Councils
Credentialing
Advisory Committees
Ethical Review
Conflict of Interest
Biomedical Research
Organizational Affiliation
Scotland
Social Control, Formal
Multi-Institutional Systems
Accreditation
Hospital Administrators
Financial Management, Hospital
Informed Consent
Osteopathic Physicians
Health Facility Administrators
Internship and Residency
Physician Impairment
Operating Room Information Systems
Education, Medical, Graduate
Consent Forms
Organizational Policy
Research Subjects
Medicine
Foreign Medical Graduates
Moving and Lifting Patients
Organizational Objectives
Social Responsibility
Dental Hygienists
Leadership
Radiology
Community-Based Participatory Research
Fellowships and Scholarships
Canada
Questionnaires
Ethics Committees
Academies and Institutes
Reproducibility of Results
Policy Making
Industry
Community-Institutional Relations
Negotiating
Publishing
Interdisciplinary Communication
Accidents, Aviation
Guidelines as Topic
Biological Psychiatry
Data Collection
Sports Equipment
Editorial Policies
Internet
Models, Organizational
Students, Dental
Test Taking Skills
Internal Medicine
Health Services Research
School Admission Criteria
Northern Ireland
Genetic Research
Organizations, Nonprofit
Professional Staff Committees
Medical Futility
Program Evaluation
Ohio
Committee Membership
Wood
Cooperative Behavior
Workers' Compensation
Research Design
Quality Assurance, Health Care
Health Care Reform
Institute of Medicine (U.S.)
Professional Competence
United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
Sensitivity and Specificity
Fraud
Pilot Projects
College Admission Test
Self-Evaluation Programs
Education, Medical, Continuing
Remedial education: can this doctor be saved? (1/69)
In the first two years of the program 30 physicians have completed the program. A list of the distribution of specialties/practice areas [table: see text] served is provided in Table 1. The data reveal that the distribution of practice areas corresponds approximately to the distribution of physicians practicing in the state. The UF C.A.R.E.S Program provides a great benefit to physicians and their patients. It provides an atmosphere of professional collaboration and encouragement to address specific educational needs and underscores a commitment to providing continuing medical education, meaningful doctor-to-doctor collaboration, better patient care, and reflects a medical model of diagnosis and treatment of specific problems. (+info)Altogether now? Professional differences in the priorities of primary care groups. (2/69)
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the similarities or differences with which Primary Care Group (PCG) Board members view the relative importance of the three functions with which they are charged, or how representative these views are of local primary care teams in general. This project explores the priorities of medical and nursing PCG Board members in relation to those of local General Practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses they represent. METHODS: Postal questionnaires were sent to GPs (n=236) and practice nurses (n= 137); structured telephone interviews were carried out with PCG Board members (n=61) in East Sussex, Brighton and Hove. RESULTS: There are large differences between the views of GPs and those of their nursing colleagues on how PCG Board members should determine priorities in their work. There are also marked differences in the priorities of PCG Boards (of whom the majority are GPs) and non-Board member GPs. Whereas around two-thirds of PCG Board members believe that improving health generally and reducing inequalities in particular are the most important tasks before them, this view is not shared by most GPs in the same localities, who are generally more concerned about commissioning services. There is some doubt among GPs generally about the suitability of PCG Board members as a vehicle for the tasks they have been set, and this doubt is also found among PCG Board members themselves. CONCLUSIONS: The priorities of PCG Board members of different disciplines need to be aligned in order that they have a clear focus on the tasks before them. PCG Boards must also have priorities that are consistent with the local practitioners who elected them. Effective systems of communication will need to be developed between PCG Board members, Health Authorities and individual Primary Care Groups. Local flexibility is essential to the success of Primary Care Groups, but tackling inequalities in health must always be at the forefront of their role. (+info)Uneasy alliances: managed care plans formed by safety-net providers. (3/69)
Health care providers that have traditionally served the poor are forming their own managed care plans, often in alliance with local safety-net peers. These alliances make it easier to raise needed capital, increase the pool of likely enrollees, and enable plans to benefit from efficiencies of scale. At the same time, however, the alliances often are undermined by conflicts of interest among the different sponsors and between the sponsors and the plan. This paper suggests that these plans are most likely to do well when the state makes special efforts to help and when plans have the leadership and financial reserves to take advantage of their supportive state policies. (+info)Community accountability among hospitals affiliated with health care systems. (4/69)
The shift from local, community-based hospitals to more complex, multilevel delivery systems raises questions about the community accountability exercised by hospitals. A national sample of community hospitals is the basis of this study, which examines the ways that community accountability is exercised by the governing boards of hospitals affiliated with health care systems and how such institutions compare with hospitals not affiliated with a health care system. Results indicate that hospitals display community accountability in a variety of ways. Boards of system-affiliated hospitals exercise community accountability most strongly in their information monitoring and reporting activities, whereas free-standing hospitals exercise community accountability through the structural and compositional attributes of their boards. Further, hospitals affiliated with different types of systems vary in the style and degree of accountability they demonstrate. (+info)Devolution to democratic health authorities in Saskatchewan: an interim report. (5/69)
BACKGROUND: In 1995 Saskatchewan adopted a district health board structure in which two-thirds of members are elected and the rest are appointed. This study examines the opinions of board members about health care reform and devolution of authority from the province to the health districts. METHODS: All 357 members of Saskatchewan district health boards were surveyed in 1997; 275 (77%) responded. Analyses included comparisons between elected and appointed members and between members with experience as health care providers and those without such experience, as well as comparisons with hypotheses about how devolution would develop, which were advanced in a 1997 report by another group. RESULTS: Most respondents felt that devolution had resulted in increased local control and better quality of decisions. Ninety-two percent of respondents believed extensive reforms were necessary and 83% that changes made in the previous 5 years had been for the best. However, 56% agreed that there was no clear vision of the reformed system. A small majority (59%) perceived health care reform as having been designed to improve health rather than reduce spending, contrary to a previous hypothesis. Many respondents (76%) thought that boards were legally responsible for things over which they had insufficient control, and 63% perceived that they were too restricted by rules laid down by the provincial government, findings that confirm the expectation of tensions surrounding the division of authority. Respondents with current or former experience as health care providers were less likely than nonprovider respondents to believe that nonphysician health care providers support decisions made by the regional health boards (45% v. 63%, p = 0.02), a result that confirmed the contention that the role of health care providers on the boards would be a source of tension. INTERPRETATION: Members of Saskatchewan district health boards supported the general goals of health care reform and believed that changes already undertaken had been positive. There were few major differences in views between appointed and elected members and between provider and nonprovider members. However, tensions related to authority and representation will require resolution. (+info)Changes in the structure, composition, and activity of hospital governing boards, 1989-1997: evidence from two national surveys. (6/69)
Hospital governance arrangements affect institutional policymaking and strategic decisions and can vary by such organizational attributes as ownership type/control, size, and system membership. A comparison of two national surveys shows how hospital governing boards changed in response to organizational and environmental pressures between 1989 and 1997. The magnitude and direction of changes in (1) board structure, composition, and selection; (2) CEO-board relations; and (3) board activity, evaluation, and compensation are examined for the population of hospitals and for different categories of hospitals. The findings suggest that hospital boards are engaging in selective rather than wholesale change to meet the simultaneous demands of a competitive market and traditional institutional orientations to community, the disenfranchised, and philanthropic service. Results also suggest parallel increases in collaboration between boards and CEOs and in board scrutiny of CEOs. (+info)Can communities and academia work together on public health research? Evaluation results from a community-based participatory research partnership in Detroit. (7/69)
This article reports the results of a formative evaluation of the first 4 years of the Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center (URC), a community-based participatory research partnership that was founded in 1995 with core funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Several organizations are members of this partnership, including a university, six community-based organizations, a city health department, a health care system, and CDC. The Detroit URC is a strong partnership that has accomplished many of its goals, including the receipt of over $11 million in funding for 12 community-based participatory research projects during its initial 4 years. Detroit URC Board members identified a number of facilitating factors for their growth and achievements, such as (1) developing a sound infrastructure and set of processes for making decisions and working together, (2) building trust among partners, (3) garnering committed and active leadership from community partners, and (4) receiving support from CDC. Board members also identified a number of ongoing challenges, including organizational constraints, time pressures, and balancing community interests in interventions and academic research needs. Overall, the Detroit URC represents a partnership approach to identifying community health concerns and implementing potential solutions. (+info)Decentralization of health systems in Ghana, Zambia, Uganda and the Philippines: a comparative analysis of decision space. (8/69)
This study reviews the experience of decentralization in four developing countries: Ghana, Uganda, Zambia and the Philippines. It uses two analytical frameworks to describe and compare the types and degrees of decentralization in each country. The first framework specifies three types of decentralization: deconcentration, delegation and devolution. The second framework uses a principal agent approach and innovative maps of 'decision space' to define the range of choice for different functions that is transferred from the centre to the periphery of the system. The analysis finds a variety of different types and degrees of decentralization, with the Philippines demonstrating the widest range of choice over many functions that were devolved to local government units. The least choice was transferred through delegation to an autonomous health service in Ghana. Uganda and Zambia display variations between these extremes. There was insufficient evidence of the impact of decentralization to assess how these differences in 'decision space' influenced the performance of each health system. The authors suggest that this is a major area for future research. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Governing Board" is not a medical concept or entity. It is a term generally used to describe the group of individuals who make up the board of directors or trustees for an organization, and who are responsible for overseeing its management and decision-making. This could include hospitals, healthcare systems, medical societies, or other health-related organizations. The specific roles and responsibilities of a governing board can vary depending on the organization and its governance structure.
Specialty boards, also known as medical specialty boards or certifying boards, are organizations that grant certification to physicians who have completed specialized training and passed an examination in a particular area of medical practice. In the United States, these boards are responsible for establishing the standards and requirements for specialty training and for evaluating the knowledge, skills, and experience of physicians seeking board certification. The American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) recognizes 24 member boards that cover various medical specialties, including internal medicine, surgery, psychiatry, pediatrics, and radiology, among others. Board certification is a voluntary process that demonstrates a physician's expertise and commitment to maintaining high standards of care in their area of practice.
An Ethics Committee for Research, also known as an Institutional Review Board (IRB), is a group that has been formally designated to review, approve, monitor, and revise biomedical and behavioral research involving humans. The purpose of the committee is to ensure that the rights and welfare of the participants are protected and that the risks involved in the research are minimized and reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits.
The committee typically includes members with various backgrounds, including scientists, non-scientists, and community members. They review the research protocol, informed consent documents, and any other relevant materials to ensure that they meet ethical standards and regulations. The committee also monitors the progress of the research to ensure that it continues to be conducted in an ethical manner.
The role of ethics committees for research is critical in protecting human subjects from harm and ensuring that research is conducted with integrity, respect, and transparency.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "ships" is not a medical term. It is a common noun referring to large vehicles used for transportation on water. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!
Educational measurement is a field of study concerned with the development, administration, and interpretation of tests, questionnaires, and other assessments for the purpose of measuring learning outcomes, abilities, knowledge, skills, and attitudes in an educational context. The goal of educational measurement is to provide valid, reliable, and fair measures of student achievement and growth that can inform instructional decisions, guide curriculum development, and support accountability efforts.
Educational measurement involves a variety of statistical and psychometric methods for analyzing assessment data, including classical test theory, item response theory, and generalizability theory. These methods are used to establish the reliability and validity of assessments, as well as to score and interpret student performance. Additionally, educational measurement is concerned with issues related to test fairness, accessibility, and bias, and seeks to ensure that assessments are equitable and inclusive for all students.
Overall, educational measurement plays a critical role in ensuring the quality and effectiveness of educational programs and policies, and helps to promote student learning and achievement.
Medical licensure is a legal process by which a government agency grants permission to a physician or other healthcare professional to practice medicine within a certain geographical area. In order to obtain a medical license, an individual must typically meet certain educational and training requirements, pass examinations that test their knowledge and skills, and demonstrate good moral character. The specific requirements for licensure vary from one jurisdiction to another, but the overall goal is to ensure that healthcare professionals have the necessary competencies to provide safe and effective care to patients. It's important to note that maintaining a medical license typically requires ongoing professional development and adherence to ethical standards.
Human experimentation is a branch of medical research that involves conducting experiments on human subjects. According to the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki, which sets ethical standards for medical research involving human subjects, human experimentation is defined as "systematic study designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge."
Human experimentation can take many forms, including clinical trials of new drugs or medical devices, observational studies, and interventional studies. In all cases, the principles of informed consent, risk minimization, and respect for the autonomy and dignity of the research subjects must be strictly adhered to.
Human experimentation has a controversial history, with many instances of unethical practices and abuse, such as the notorious Tuskegee syphilis study in which African American men were deliberately left untreated for syphilis without their informed consent. As a result, there are strict regulations and guidelines governing human experimentation to ensure that it is conducted ethically and with the utmost respect for the rights and welfare of research subjects.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
Research ethics refers to the principles and guidelines that govern the conduct of research involving human participants or animals. The overarching goal of research ethics is to ensure that research is conducted in a way that respects the autonomy, dignity, and well-being of all those involved. Research ethics are designed to prevent harm, promote fairness, and maintain trust between researchers and study participants.
Some key principles of research ethics include:
1. Respect for Persons: This means treating all individuals with respect and dignity, and recognizing their autonomy and right to make informed decisions about participating in research.
2. Beneficence: Researchers have a duty to maximize the benefits of research while minimizing potential harms.
3. Justice: Research should be conducted fairly, without discrimination or bias, and should benefit all those who are affected by it.
4. Confidentiality: Researchers must protect the privacy and confidentiality of study participants, including their personal information and data.
5. Informed Consent: Participants must give their voluntary and informed consent to participate in research, after being fully informed about the nature of the study, its risks and benefits, and their rights as a participant.
Research ethics are typically overseen by institutional review boards (IRBs) or research ethics committees (RECs), which review research proposals and monitor ongoing studies to ensure that they comply with ethical guidelines. Researchers who violate these guidelines may face sanctions, including loss of funding, suspension or revocation of their research privileges, or legal action.
Osteopathic medicine is a system of medical care that focuses on the unity of the mind, body, and spirit in the diagnosis and treatment of illness. It was founded in the United States in 1874 by Andrew Taylor Still, MD, who developed a philosophy of medicine based on principles of preventive medicine, holistic patient care, and the interrelationship of all body systems.
Osteopathic physicians (DOs), also known as osteopaths, are trained to diagnose and treat medical conditions using a variety of treatment modalities, including manual manipulation of the musculoskeletal system. They receive the same basic medical education as MDs, but also complete additional training in osteopathic principles and practices.
Osteopathic medicine emphasizes the importance of preventive care, lifestyle modifications, and patient education in maintaining health and preventing illness. DOs are trained to use their hands to diagnose and treat structural and functional problems in the body, with a focus on the musculoskeletal system. They believe that the body has an inherent ability to heal itself, and that manipulation of the bones, muscles, and other tissues can help promote this natural healing process.
DOs are licensed to practice medicine and surgery in all 50 states and are recognized as fully qualified physicians. They may choose to specialize in any area of medicine, including family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, psychiatry, and neurology, among others.
Naval medicine, also known as marine medicine or maritime medicine, is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries that occur in naval or maritime environments. This can include conditions related to sea travel, such as motion sickness, decompression sickness, and infectious diseases spread through contaminated water or food. It also covers occupational health concerns for naval personnel, including hearing loss from exposure to loud noises, respiratory problems from inhaling fumes, and musculoskeletal injuries from heavy lifting. Additionally, naval medicine may address the unique mental health challenges faced by naval personnel, such as those related to isolation, stress, and combat.
Medical societies are professional organizations composed of physicians, surgeons, and other healthcare professionals who share a common purpose of promoting medical research, education, and patient care. These societies can focus on specific medical specialties, such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) for cancer specialists or the American College of Surgeons (ACS) for surgeons. They may also address broader issues related to healthcare policy, advocacy, and ethics. Medical societies often provide resources for continuing medical education, publish scientific journals, establish clinical practice guidelines, and offer networking opportunities for members.
A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in a hospital is a top-level executive who is responsible for the overall management and operation of the hospital. The CEO reports to the hospital's board of directors and is accountable for ensuring that the hospital meets its financial, operational, and quality goals.
The CEO's responsibilities typically include developing and implementing strategic plans, overseeing hospital operations, managing budgets and finances, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements, and building relationships with key stakeholders such as medical staff, employees, patients, and community members. The CEO may also be involved in fundraising efforts and advocating for the hospital's interests with policymakers and other external groups.
In larger healthcare systems, the CEO may oversee multiple hospitals or facilities and work closely with other executives to coordinate operations and ensure alignment with the organization's mission and values.
Organizational decision-making is a management process in which a group or team within an organization makes a judgment or choice among several options or alternatives to achieve specific goals or objectives. This process involves collecting and analyzing information, evaluating alternatives, selecting the best option, and implementing and monitoring the decision. It often requires collaboration, communication, and consensus-building among team members with diverse perspectives and expertise. Effective organizational decision-making can lead to better outcomes, improved performance, and increased innovation, while poor decision-making can result in missed opportunities, wasted resources, and decreased competitiveness.
Clinical competence is the ability of a healthcare professional to provide safe and effective patient care, demonstrating the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for the job. It involves the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical skills, judgment, and decision-making abilities in real-world clinical situations. Clinical competence is typically evaluated through various methods such as direct observation, case studies, simulations, and feedback from peers and supervisors.
A clinically competent healthcare professional should be able to:
1. Demonstrate a solid understanding of the relevant medical knowledge and its application in clinical practice.
2. Perform essential clinical skills proficiently and safely.
3. Communicate effectively with patients, families, and other healthcare professionals.
4. Make informed decisions based on critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
5. Exhibit professionalism, ethical behavior, and cultural sensitivity in patient care.
6. Continuously evaluate and improve their performance through self-reflection and ongoing learning.
Maintaining clinical competence is essential for healthcare professionals to ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients and stay current with advances in medical science and technology.
A Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committee (DTMC), also known as a Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), is a group of independent experts that oversees the safety and efficacy data of a clinical trial. The committee's primary role is to protect the interests of the study participants and ensure the integrity of the trial by regularly reviewing accumulating data during the trial.
The DTMC typically includes clinicians, statisticians, and other experts who are not involved in the design or conduct of the trial. They review unblinded data from the trial to assess whether any safety concerns have arisen, such as unexpected adverse events, or whether there is evidence that the experimental intervention is significantly more effective or harmful than the control group.
Based on their review, the DTMC may recommend changes to the trial protocol, such as modifying the dose of the experimental intervention, adding or removing study sites, or stopping the trial early if there is clear evidence of benefit or harm. The committee's recommendations are typically confidential and only shared with the trial sponsor and regulatory authorities.
Overall, the role of a DTMC is to ensure that clinical trials are conducted ethically and responsibly, with the safety and well-being of study participants as the top priority.
Voluntary hospitals, also known as non-profit or private hospitals, are medical institutions that are privately owned and operated, typically by a charitable organization or community group. They are called "voluntary" because they are not run by the government and rely on donations, grants, and other forms of financial support from the community to operate.
Voluntary hospitals can be religious or secular in nature and often have a mission to serve specific populations or provide care for underserved communities. They may offer a range of medical services, including emergency care, inpatient and outpatient care, diagnostic testing, and specialized treatments.
These hospitals are typically governed by a board of directors made up of community members and are required to operate on a non-profit basis, meaning that any revenue generated must be reinvested into the hospital's operations or mission rather than distributed to shareholders or owners. Voluntary hospitals may also receive funding from government sources such as Medicare and Medicaid, but they are not owned or operated by the government.
Health Planning Councils are regional organizations that are responsible for developing, implementing, and evaluating healthcare plans and services within a specific geographic area. The primary goal of these councils is to improve the overall health of the population they serve by identifying healthcare needs, setting priorities, and coordinating resources to address those needs.
Health Planning Councils typically consist of a diverse group of stakeholders, including healthcare providers, consumers, advocates, and other community members. They may be responsible for a variety of tasks, such as:
1. Conducting needs assessments to identify the health needs and priorities of the population they serve.
2. Developing strategic plans to address those needs and priorities.
3. Allocating resources to support the implementation of healthcare services and programs.
4. Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare services and programs.
5. Advocating for policies and practices that promote health equity and improve access to care.
Health Planning Councils may operate at the state, regional, or local level, depending on the specific structure and organization of the healthcare system in which they are located. They play a critical role in ensuring that healthcare resources are used efficiently and effectively to improve the health outcomes of the populations they serve.
Credentialing is a process used in the healthcare industry to verify and assess the qualifications, training, licensure, and background of healthcare practitioners, such as doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals. The purpose of credentialing is to ensure that healthcare providers meet the necessary standards and requirements to provide safe and competent patient care within a specific healthcare organization or facility.
The credentialing process typically includes primary source verification of the following:
1. Education: Verification of the healthcare provider's completion of an accredited educational program leading to their degree or diploma.
2. Training: Confirmation of any required internships, residencies, fellowships, or other clinical training experiences.
3. Licensure: Validation of current, active, and unrestricted licensure or registration to practice in the healthcare provider's state or jurisdiction.
4. Certification: Verification of any relevant board certifications or specialty credentials held by the healthcare provider.
5. Work history: A review of the healthcare provider's professional work experience, including any gaps in employment or practice.
6. Malpractice and disciplinary history: Investigation of any malpractice claims, lawsuits, or disciplinary actions taken against the healthcare provider by a licensing board, professional organization, or court.
7. References: Solicitation and evaluation of professional references from colleagues and supervisors who can attest to the healthcare provider's clinical skills, character, and ability to provide quality patient care.
8. Clinical privileges: Granting specific clinical privileges based on the healthcare provider's qualifications, training, and experience, allowing them to perform certain procedures or treatments within the organization.
9. Background check: A criminal background check to ensure the healthcare provider has no disqualifying convictions or pending legal issues.
10. Immunization status: Verification of the healthcare provider's immunization status to protect patients and staff from infectious diseases.
Credentialing is usually performed by a dedicated committee within a healthcare organization, often called the Medical Staff Office or Credentials Committee. The process must be repeated periodically (usually every three years) to maintain the healthcare provider's privileges and ensure their continued compliance with the organization's standards and requirements.
Advisory committees, in the context of medicine and healthcare, are groups of experts that provide guidance and recommendations to organizations or governmental bodies on medical and health-related matters. These committees typically consist of physicians, researchers, scientists, and other healthcare professionals who have expertise in a specific area.
Their roles can include:
1. Providing expert advice on clinical guidelines, treatment protocols, and diagnostic criteria.
2. Evaluating the safety and efficacy of medical products, such as drugs and devices.
3. Making recommendations on public health policies and regulations.
4. Assessing the impact of new research findings on clinical practice.
5. Providing education and training to healthcare professionals.
Advisory committees can be found at various levels, including within hospitals and medical institutions, as well as at the state and federal level. Their recommendations are intended to help inform decision-making and improve the quality of care delivered to patients. However, it's important to note that these committees do not have legislative or regulatory authority, and their recommendations are non-binding.
An ethical review is the process of evaluating and assessing a research study or project that involves human participants, medical interventions, or personal data, to ensure that it is conducted in accordance with ethical principles and standards. The purpose of an ethical review is to protect the rights and welfare of the participants and to minimize any potential harm or risks associated with the research.
The ethical review is typically conducted by an independent committee called an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Research Ethics Committee (REC), or Ethics Review Board (ERB). The committee reviews the study protocol, informed consent procedures, recruitment methods, data collection and management plans, and potential conflicts of interest.
The ethical review process is guided by several key principles, including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. These principles require that researchers obtain informed consent from participants, avoid causing harm, minimize risks, maximize benefits, and ensure fairness in the selection and treatment of research participants.
Overall, an ethical review is a critical component of responsible conduct in research and helps to ensure that studies are conducted with integrity, transparency, and respect for the rights and welfare of human participants.
A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization has dual loyalties or is in a position to exploit their professional or personal relationships for personal or institutional gain. In the medical field, COIs can arise when healthcare providers, researchers, or institutions have financial or other interests that may influence their judgment or actions in providing care, conducting research, or making recommendations.
Examples of conflicts of interest in medicine include:
* A physician who has a financial relationship with a pharmaceutical company and receives compensation for promoting the company's products to patients or colleagues.
* A researcher who owns stock in a company that is funding their study and may stand to benefit financially from positive results.
* An institution that accepts funding from industry partners for research or educational programs, which could potentially influence the outcomes of the research or bias the education provided.
COIs can compromise the integrity of medical research, patient care, and professional judgment. Therefore, it is essential to disclose and manage COIs transparently to maintain trust in the healthcare system and ensure that decisions are made in the best interests of patients and society as a whole.
Biomedical research is a branch of scientific research that involves the study of biological processes and diseases in order to develop new treatments and therapies. This type of research often involves the use of laboratory techniques, such as cell culture and genetic engineering, as well as clinical trials in humans. The goal of biomedical research is to advance our understanding of how living organisms function and to find ways to prevent and treat various medical conditions. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including molecular biology, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, and neuroscience, among others. Ultimately, the aim of biomedical research is to improve human health and well-being.
Professional misconduct, in the context of medical law, refers to any behavior or action by a healthcare professional that fails to meet the expected standards of conduct and violates professional regulations and ethical guidelines. This can include various forms of unethical or illegal behavior, such as:
1. Engaging in sexual relationships with patients or engaging in any form of sexual harassment.
2. Practicing medicine while impaired by drugs, alcohol, or mental illness.
3. Failing to maintain accurate and complete medical records.
4. Performing unnecessary medical procedures or treatments for financial gain.
5. Engaging in fraudulent activities related to medical practice, such as billing fraud.
6. Abandoning patients without providing appropriate care or notification.
7. Discriminating against patients based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other protected characteristics.
8. Failing to obtain informed consent from patients before performing medical procedures.
9. Violating patient confidentiality and privacy.
10. Engaging in unprofessional behavior that harms the reputation of the medical profession.
Professional misconduct can result in disciplinary action by a state medical board or licensing authority, including fines, license suspension or revocation, and mandatory education or treatment.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "organizational affiliation" is not a medical term per se. It is a more general term used in various fields, including healthcare, to describe a relationship or connection between an individual and an organization. In the context of healthcare, it might refer to a physician's membership in a specific hospital staff or medical society. However, a precise definition may vary depending on the context.
Institutional ethics refers to the ethical principles, guidelines, and practices that are established and implemented within organizations or institutions, particularly those involved in healthcare, research, and other fields where ethical considerations are paramount. Institutional ethics committees (IECs) or institutional review boards (IRBs) are often established to oversee and ensure the ethical conduct of research, clinical trials, and other activities within the institution.
Institutional ethics committees typically consist of a multidisciplinary group of individuals who represent various stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, researchers, community members, and ethicists. The committee's role is to review and approve proposed research studies, ensure that they adhere to ethical guidelines and regulations, protect the rights and welfare of study participants, and monitor ongoing research to identify and address any ethical concerns that may arise during the course of the study.
Institutional ethics also encompasses broader organizational values, policies, and practices that promote ethical behavior and decision-making within the institution. This includes developing and implementing codes of conduct, providing education and training on ethical issues, fostering a culture of transparency and accountability, and promoting open communication and dialogue around ethical concerns.
Overall, institutional ethics plays a critical role in ensuring that organizations and institutions operate in an ethically responsible manner, promote the well-being of their stakeholders, and maintain public trust and confidence.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scotland" is not a medical term or concept. It is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.
Dental education refers to the process of teaching, training, and learning in the field of dentistry. It involves a curriculum of academic and clinical instruction that prepares students to become licensed dental professionals, such as dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants. Dental education typically takes place in accredited dental schools or programs and includes classroom study, laboratory work, and supervised clinical experience. The goal of dental education is to provide students with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to deliver high-quality oral health care to patients and promote overall health and wellness.
Formal social control, in the context of medical sociology or health sciences, refers to the systematic mechanisms and processes through which society regulates and guides the behavior of its members in accordance with established laws, rules, and norms, particularly in relation to health and healthcare. This can include various formal institutions and agencies such as governmental bodies, regulatory authorities, professional organizations, and healthcare providers that are responsible for enforcing standards, policies, and regulations aimed at ensuring quality, safety, and effectiveness of healthcare services and products.
Examples of formal social control in healthcare may include licensing and accreditation requirements for healthcare professionals and facilities, clinical guidelines and protocols for diagnosis and treatment, quality improvement initiatives, and regulatory oversight of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. These mechanisms help to maintain order, promote compliance with ethical and professional standards, and protect the public's health and well-being.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Multi-Institutional Systems" is not a commonly used medical term or concept. It may refer to systems that involve multiple institutions, such as healthcare networks or electronic health records that are shared among several hospitals or clinics. However, it is not a standardized term with a specific medical definition. If you could provide more context or clarify what you're looking for, I would be happy to help further!
Accreditation is a process in which a healthcare organization, facility, or program is evaluated and certified as meeting certain standards and criteria established by a recognized accrediting body. The purpose of accreditation is to ensure that the organization, facility, or program provides safe, high-quality care and services to its patients or clients.
Accreditation typically involves a thorough review of an organization's policies, procedures, practices, and outcomes, as well as an on-site survey by a team of experts from the accrediting body. The evaluation focuses on various aspects of the organization's operations, such as leadership and management, patient safety, infection control, clinical services, quality improvement, and staff competence.
Accreditation is voluntary, but many healthcare organizations seek it as a way to demonstrate their commitment to excellence and continuous improvement. Accreditation can also be a requirement for licensure, reimbursement, or participation in certain programs or initiatives.
Examples of accrediting bodies in the healthcare field include The Joint Commission, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF), and the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA).
Government regulation in the context of medicine refers to the rules, guidelines, and laws established by government agencies to control, monitor, and standardize various aspects of healthcare. These regulations are designed to protect patients, promote public health, ensure quality of care, and regulate the healthcare industry. Examples of government regulation in medicine include:
1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for drug approval, medical device clearance, and food safety.
2. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) regulations for healthcare reimbursement, quality measures, and program eligibility.
3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations for workplace safety in healthcare settings.
4. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations to minimize environmental impacts from healthcare facilities and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
5. State medical boards' regulations for licensing, disciplining, and monitoring physicians and other healthcare professionals.
6. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations for patient privacy and data security.
7. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) regulations for laboratory testing quality and standards.
8. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulations to prevent deceptive or unfair trade practices in healthcare marketing and advertising.
9. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) guidelines for evidence-based practice and patient safety.
10. Public Health Service Act (PHSA) regulations related to infectious diseases, bioterrorism preparedness, and substance abuse treatment.
Hospital administrators are healthcare professionals who manage and oversee the operations, resources, and services of a hospital or healthcare facility. They play a crucial role in ensuring that the hospital runs smoothly, efficiently, and cost-effectively while maintaining high-quality patient care and safety standards.
Their responsibilities typically include:
1. Developing and implementing policies, procedures, and strategic plans for the hospital.
2. Managing the hospital's budget, finances, and resources, including human resources, equipment, and supplies.
3. Ensuring compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and accreditation standards.
4. Overseeing the quality of patient care and safety programs.
5. Developing and maintaining relationships with medical staff, community partners, and other stakeholders.
6. Managing risk management and emergency preparedness plans.
7. Providing leadership, direction, and support to hospital staff.
8. Representing the hospital in negotiations with insurance companies, government agencies, and other external entities.
Hospital administrators may have varying levels of responsibility, ranging from managing a single department or unit within a hospital to overseeing an entire healthcare system. They typically hold advanced degrees in healthcare administration, public health, business administration, or a related field, and may also be certified by professional organizations such as the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE).
Financial management in a hospital setting refers to the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of financial resources in order to achieve the hospital's mission, vision, and strategic objectives. This includes developing financial strategies, preparing budget plans, managing revenue cycles, controlling costs, ensuring compliance with financial regulations, and making informed decisions about resource allocation. Effective financial management is critical for the sustainability and growth of hospitals, as it enables them to provide high-quality patient care while maintaining fiscal responsibility.
Informed consent is a process in medical care where patients are provided with all relevant information about their health status, proposed treatments, potential risks and benefits, and alternative options. This allows patients to make informed decisions regarding their healthcare and understand the consequences of their choices. The process includes ensuring that the patient has adequate mental capacity to make such decisions, is fully aware of the implications, and gives their voluntary agreement for the proposed treatment or procedure. It's a fundamental principle in medical ethics and is required by law in many jurisdictions to protect patients' rights.
Osteopathic physicians, also known as osteopaths or DOs (Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine), are licensed healthcare professionals who practice a form of medicine that combines the principles of traditional medicine with manual therapy and a focus on the whole-body approach to health and wellness. They are trained to diagnose, treat, and manage a wide range of medical conditions and diseases, using all the conventional medical tools available to other physicians (such as prescription medications, surgery, and lifestyle modifications), but with additional training in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM).
OMM is a hands-on approach that utilizes various techniques, including stretching, gentle pressure, and resistance, to diagnose and treat illnesses and injuries. Osteopathic physicians use OMM to help restore the normal function and balance of the body's interconnected systems, such as the musculoskeletal, nervous, and circulatory systems. This holistic approach allows osteopathic physicians to address the root causes of medical issues, rather than just treating symptoms, and often results in improved overall health and well-being for their patients.
Osteopathic physicians can be found in various medical specialties, including primary care, family medicine, internal medicine, emergency medicine, surgery, psychiatry, and pediatrics, among others. They are trained through a rigorous four-year doctoral program that includes classroom instruction, clinical rotations, and hands-on training in OMM. Upon completion of their education, osteopathic physicians must pass licensing exams and meet state-specific requirements to practice medicine.
A Health Facility Administrator, also known as a healthcare executive or medical and health services manager, is a professional who manages the operations and day-to-day activities of various types of healthcare facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, and mental health centers. Their responsibilities typically include:
1. Developing and implementing policies and procedures to ensure efficient and high-quality patient care.
2. Overseeing budgeting, financial planning, and managing resources to maximize operational efficiency.
3. Hiring, training, and supervising staff, including medical, nursing, and administrative personnel.
4. Ensuring compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and accreditation standards.
5. Coordinating and collaborating with healthcare professionals, such as physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals, to provide optimal patient care.
6. Developing and maintaining relationships with community partners, stakeholders, and regulatory bodies.
7. Planning, directing, and coordinating various services, programs, and departments within the facility.
8. Utilizing data analysis and performance improvement methodologies to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare services and identify opportunities for enhancement.
9. Fostering a positive organizational culture that supports continuous learning, innovation, and collaboration.
10. Managing crisis situations and emergencies effectively to minimize their impact on patients, staff, and operations.
Health Facility Administrators typically hold a master's degree in healthcare administration, health services management, public health, business administration, or a related field. They may also possess professional certifications, such as the Fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives (FACHE) or Certified Medical Practice Executive (CMPE), to demonstrate their expertise and commitment to the profession.
Internship: In medical terms, an internship is a supervised program of hospital-based training for physicians and surgeons who have recently graduated from medical school. The duration of an internship typically ranges from one to three years, during which the intern engages in a variety of clinical rotations in different departments such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, and neurology. The primary aim of an internship is to provide newly graduated doctors with hands-on experience in patient care, diagnosis, treatment planning, and communication skills under the close supervision of experienced physicians.
Residency: A residency is a structured and intensive postgraduate medical training program that typically lasts between three and seven years, depending on the specialty. Residents are licensed physicians who have completed their internship and are now receiving advanced training in a specific area of medicine or surgery. During this period, residents work closely with experienced attending physicians to gain comprehensive knowledge and skills in their chosen field. They are responsible for managing patient care, performing surgical procedures, interpreting diagnostic tests, conducting research, teaching medical students, and participating in continuing education activities. Residency programs aim to prepare physicians for independent practice and board certification in their specialty.
Physician impairment is a state in which a physician's ability to practice medicine safely and effectively is compromised due to a physical or mental condition, substance use disorder, or behavioral issue. This can include conditions such as chronic illness, addiction, cognitive decline, or psychological disorders that may affect the physician's judgment, decision-making, motor skills, or emotional stability.
It is important for regulatory bodies and healthcare organizations to identify and address physician impairment in order to ensure patient safety and maintain the integrity of the medical profession. This can involve providing support and resources for physicians who are struggling with these issues, as well as implementing policies and procedures for monitoring and addressing impaired physicians.
An Operating Room Information System (ORIS) is a specialized type of healthcare information system that is designed to manage and support the various clinical and operational functions of an operating room (OR) department within a hospital or surgical facility. The primary goal of an ORIS is to optimize the efficiency, safety, and quality of care in the perioperative environment by providing real-time access to critical patient information, streamlining workflows, and facilitating communication among members of the surgical team.
An ORIS typically consists of several interconnected modules that address different aspects of OR management, such as:
1. Surgical scheduling and case management: This module helps manage the scheduling of surgeries, track patient progress through the perioperative process, and maintain an up-to-date record of surgical cases, including details about the patient, procedure, surgeons, anesthesia providers, and other relevant information.
2. Patient data management: This module provides secure access to comprehensive patient information, such as medical history, allergies, medications, lab results, and imaging studies, which is essential for making informed clinical decisions during surgery.
3. Anesthesia information management: This module supports the documentation and tracking of anesthesia-related data, including preoperative assessments, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative orders, to ensure the safe and effective administration of anesthesia care.
4. Equipment and inventory management: This module helps track and manage the utilization and maintenance of surgical equipment and supplies, ensuring their availability and optimal performance during surgeries while also facilitating the ordering and restocking of consumables.
5. Perioperative documentation and reporting: This module enables the creation, storage, and retrieval of electronic records related to the perioperative process, such as surgical reports, anesthesia records, nursing notes, and charge capture data, which can be used for quality improvement, research, and regulatory compliance purposes.
6. Communication and collaboration: This module facilitates secure communication and information sharing among members of the surgical team, both within and across departments, to enhance coordination and collaboration during the perioperative process.
By integrating these various functions into a single, centralized system, an ORIS can help improve patient safety, streamline workflows, reduce costs, and support data-driven decision-making in the surgical setting.
Medical education, graduate refers to the post-baccalaureate programs of study leading to a doctoral degree in medicine (MD) or osteopathic medicine (DO). These programs typically include rigorous coursework in the basic medical sciences, clinical training, and research experiences. The goal of medical education at this level is to prepare students to become competent, caring physicians who are able to provide high-quality medical care to patients, conduct research to advance medical knowledge, and contribute to the improvement of health care systems.
Graduate medical education (GME) typically includes residency programs, which are postgraduate training programs that provide specialized clinical training in a particular field of medicine. Residency programs typically last three to seven years, depending on the specialty, and provide hands-on experience in diagnosing and treating patients under the supervision of experienced physicians.
Medical education at the graduate level is designed to build upon the foundational knowledge and skills acquired during undergraduate medical education (UME) and to prepare students for licensure and certification as practicing physicians. Graduates of GME programs are eligible to take licensing exams and apply for certification in their chosen specialty through professional organizations such as the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS).
Consent forms are documents used in medical settings to obtain a patient's voluntary and informed agreement to undergo a specific medical procedure, treatment, or participate in research. These forms typically outline the nature of the proposed intervention, its purpose, risks, benefits, alternatives, and any potential complications or side effects. The patient is provided with sufficient time and opportunity to ask questions, seek clarification, and discuss concerns with their healthcare provider before making a decision. By signing the consent form, the patient acknowledges that they have been fully informed about the proposed intervention and understand its implications. Consent forms serve as legal records of the patient's authorization for the medical procedure or treatment, protecting both the patient and the healthcare provider in case of any disputes or complications.
Anesthesiology is a medical specialty concerned with providing anesthesia, which is the loss of sensation or awareness, to patients undergoing surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures. Anesthesiologists are responsible for administering various types of anesthetics, monitoring the patient's vital signs during the procedure, and managing any complications that may arise. They also play a critical role in pain management before, during, and after surgery, as well as in the treatment of chronic pain conditions.
Anesthesiologists work closely with other medical professionals, including surgeons, anesthetists, nurses, and respiratory therapists, to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. They must have a thorough understanding of human physiology, pharmacology, and anatomy, as well as excellent communication skills and the ability to make quick decisions under high pressure.
The primary goal of anesthesiology is to provide safe and effective anesthesia that minimizes pain and discomfort while maximizing patient safety and comfort. This requires a deep understanding of the risks and benefits associated with different types of anesthetics, as well as the ability to tailor the anesthetic plan to each individual patient's needs and medical history.
In summary, anesthesiology is a critical medical specialty focused on providing safe and effective anesthesia and pain management for patients undergoing surgical or other medical procedures.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "organizational policy" is not a medical term. It falls under the broader category of management or administrative terminology.
An organizational policy generally refers to a formal statement or set of guidelines that outline an organization's approved course of action or conduct regarding various matters. These policies guide decision-making and help ensure consistent action across the organization. They can cover a wide range of topics, including (but not limited to) employee behavior, data security, patient care standards, and operational procedures.
In a healthcare setting, organizational policies play a crucial role in maintaining quality of care, ensuring patient safety, and complying with relevant laws and regulations.
A research subject, also commonly referred to as a "human subject" or "participant," is an individual who takes part in a research study or clinical trial. Research subjects are essential for the advancement of medical and scientific knowledge, as they provide data that can help researchers understand various phenomena, develop new treatments, and improve existing ones.
The term "research subject" emphasizes the ethical considerations involved in conducting research with human participants. It highlights the importance of protecting their rights, dignity, and well-being throughout the study. Researchers must obtain informed consent from subjects before enrolling them in a study, ensuring that they understand the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits associated with the research.
Additionally, researchers are required to follow strict guidelines and regulations to minimize any harm or discomfort to the research subjects during the study. These guidelines may include requirements for data confidentiality, privacy protection, and monitoring of adverse events. Overall, treating research subjects with respect and care is crucial in maintaining the integrity of medical research and ensuring its societal benefits.
Medicine is a branch of healthcare that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and illness. It encompasses a variety of health profession practices, including but not limited to, the services provided by physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dentists, and allied health professionals.
Medicine can also refer to the substances or compounds used in the treatment and prevention of disease, often referred to as medications or drugs. These substances can be administered in various forms, such as oral (pills, liquids), topical (creams, ointments), injectable (shots, IVs), or inhaled (aerosols, nebulizers).
Overall, medicine is a multidisciplinary field that combines scientific research, clinical expertise, and patient values to promote health, prevent disease, and provide treatment for individuals and communities.
"Foreign Medical Graduates" (FMGs) are physicians who have graduated from a medical school outside of the country where they are seeking to practice medicine. These doctors may be required to pass certain examinations and complete additional training in order to meet the licensing requirements of the new country. The specific requirements for FMGs can vary depending on the country and jurisdiction.
A nursing society is a professional organization composed of registered nurses and other healthcare professionals who share a common mission, vision, and goals to advance the nursing profession and improve patient care. These societies provide a platform for members to collaborate, network, and exchange knowledge and ideas related to their practice, research, education, and policy-making. They offer various opportunities for professional development, including conferences, seminars, workshops, publications, and awards. Nursing societies also advocate for the rights and interests of nurses and patients at local, national, and international levels. Examples of nursing societies include the American Nurses Association (ANA), the International Council of Nurses (ICN), and the Society of Pediatric Nurses (SPN).
Medical education is a systematic process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and values necessary for becoming a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, nurse, or allied health professional. It involves a combination of theoretical instruction, practical training, and experiential learning in clinical settings. The goal of medical education is to produce competent, compassionate, and ethical practitioners who can provide high-quality care to patients and contribute to the advancement of medicine. Medical education typically includes undergraduate (pre-medical) studies, graduate (medical) school, residency training, and continuing medical education throughout a healthcare professional's career.
'Moving and lifting patients' is a term used in the medical field to refer to the process of safely transferring patients from one location or position to another. This can include tasks such as:
1. Transfers: Moving patients between surfaces, such as from a bed to a wheelchair, or from a wheelchair to a toilet.
2. Repositioning: Changing a patient's position in bed to prevent pressure sores, promote comfort, and facilitate breathing.
3. Ambulation: Assisting patients with walking or moving about in their environment.
Proper techniques are crucial in moving and lifting patients to prevent injury to both the patient and the caregiver. These techniques often involve the use of mechanical lifting devices, such as hoists or slide boards, and require proper body mechanics and communication between the caregiver and the patient.
An "Employee Performance Appraisal" is a systematic and periodic process in which an organization evaluates the job performance of its employees. The purpose of this process is to provide feedback to employees about their strengths and areas for improvement, as well as to set goals and development plans for their future growth and performance enhancement.
The appraisal typically involves a review of the employee's job responsibilities, objectives, and achievements during a specific period, along with an assessment of their skills, behaviors, and competencies. The evaluation may be based on various factors such as job knowledge, productivity, quality of work, communication skills, teamwork, leadership, and attendance.
The performance appraisal is usually conducted by the employee's supervisor or manager, but it can also involve self-evaluation, peer review, or 360-degree feedback from multiple sources. The results of the appraisal are used to inform decisions about promotions, salary increases, training and development opportunities, and corrective actions when necessary.
Overall, the employee performance appraisal is a critical tool for organizations to manage their workforce effectively, improve productivity, and promote a culture of continuous learning and development.
Early termination of clinical trials refers to the discontinuation of a medical research study before its planned end date. This can occur for several reasons, including:
1. Safety concerns: If the experimental treatment is found to be harmful or poses significant risks to the participants, the trial may be stopped early to protect their well-being.
2. Efficacy demonstrated: If the experimental treatment shows promising results and is significantly better than the current standard of care, an independent data monitoring committee may recommend stopping the trial early so that the treatment can be made available to all patients as soon as possible.
3. Futility: If it becomes clear that the experimental treatment is unlikely to provide any meaningful benefit compared to the current standard of care, the trial may be stopped early to avoid exposing more participants to unnecessary risks and to allocate resources more efficiently.
4. Insufficient recruitment or funding: If there are not enough participants enrolled in the study or if funding for the trial is withdrawn, it may need to be terminated prematurely.
5. Violation of ethical guidelines or regulations: If the trial is found to be non-compliant with regulatory requirements or ethical standards, it may be stopped early by the sponsor, investigator, or regulatory authorities.
When a clinical trial is terminated early, the data collected up until that point are still analyzed and reported, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size and potential biases introduced by the early termination.
"Remedial teaching" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, it is a term commonly used in the field of education to refer to specialized instruction or tutoring designed to help students who are experiencing difficulties in mastering certain skills or concepts. This type of teaching is often provided in addition to regular classroom instruction and may be individualized or small group in nature. The goal of remedial teaching is to bring the student's skill level up to par with their peers, so that they can succeed in the regular education curriculum.
It is important to note that while remedial teaching is not a medical term, it can be used as an intervention for students who have learning difficulties or disabilities, which may be identified through a psychoeducational assessment conducted by a school psychologist or other qualified professional. In some cases, remedial teaching may be recommended as part of a student's Individualized Education Program (IEP) or 504 plan, which are documents that outline the accommodations and services that students with disabilities are entitled to receive in order to ensure their access to a free and appropriate education.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Organizational Objectives" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a general management and business concept. Organizational objectives are the goals or targets that an organization aims to achieve through its operations and functions. These can include financial objectives like profitability and growth, as well as non-financial objectives related to areas like quality, innovation, social responsibility, and employee satisfaction.
In a healthcare setting, organizational objectives might include improving patient outcomes, increasing patient satisfaction, reducing costs, implementing new treatments or technologies, enhancing community health, and maintaining ethical standards.
I'm not able to provide a medical definition of "social responsibility" as it is not a term that has a specific meaning within the field of medicine. However, I can tell you that social responsibility generally refers to the idea that individuals and organizations have a duty to act in the best interests of society and to contribute to its overall well-being. This might involve taking actions to protect the environment, promote social justice, or support the needs of vulnerable populations. In a medical context, this could mean providing care to underserved communities, engaging in public health advocacy, or conducting research that addresses important societal issues.
A dental hygienist is a licensed healthcare professional who works as part of the dental team, providing educational, clinical, and therapeutic services to prevent and control oral diseases. They are trained and authorized to perform various duties such as:
1. Cleaning and polishing teeth (prophylaxis) to remove plaque, calculus, and stains.
2. Applying fluoride and sealants to protect tooth surfaces from decay.
3. Taking dental radiographs (x-rays) to help diagnose dental issues.
4. Providing oral health education, including proper brushing, flossing techniques, and nutrition counseling.
5. Performing screenings for oral cancer and other diseases.
6. Documenting patient care and treatment plans in medical records.
7. Collaborating with dentists to develop individualized treatment plans for patients.
8. Managing infection control protocols and maintaining a safe, clean dental environment.
9. Providing supportive services, such as applying anesthetics or administering nitrous oxide, under the direct supervision of a dentist (depending on state regulations).
Dental hygienists typically work in private dental offices but can also be found in hospitals, clinics, public health settings, educational institutions, and research facilities. They must complete an accredited dental hygiene program and pass written and clinical exams to obtain licensure in their state of practice. Continuing education is required to maintain licensure and stay current with advancements in the field.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "leadership" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Leadership is a concept that relates to the ability of an individual or an organization's management to set and achieve challenging goals, take swift and decisive action, outperform the competition, and inspire others to perform at their best.
In healthcare settings, leadership refers to the skills, behaviors, and attitudes of those in positions of authority within a healthcare organization. Effective healthcare leaders are able to create a positive organizational culture, communicate a clear vision, motivate and engage staff, manage resources effectively, and ensure high-quality patient care. They must also be able to adapt to changing circumstances, make informed decisions based on data and evidence, and work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals and stakeholders.
Radiology is a medical specialty that uses imaging technologies to diagnose and treat diseases. These imaging technologies include X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, positron emission tomography (PET) scans, ultrasound, and mammography. Radiologists are medical doctors who have completed specialized training in interpreting these images to diagnose medical conditions and guide treatment plans. They also perform image-guided procedures such as biopsies and tumor ablations. The goal of radiology is to provide accurate and timely information to help physicians make informed decisions about patient care.
Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a collaborative research approach that involves community members, organizational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process. It is a partnership between researchers and communities that equitably involves all parties in the research to address and respond to community-identified issues. CBPR aims to combine knowledge and action for social change to improve community health and wellbeing. This approach recognizes the strengths and expertise of both community members and researchers, and it integrates scientific research methods with community knowledge and experiential wisdom. CBPR is guided by specific principles, including co-learning, capacity building, and reciprocal sharing of power and resources, to ensure that the research is relevant, accessible, and beneficial to the community.
In medical terms, disclosure generally refers to the act of revealing or sharing confidential or sensitive information with another person or entity. This can include disclosing a patient's medical history, diagnosis, treatment plan, or other personal health information to the patient themselves, their family members, or other healthcare providers involved in their care.
Disclosure is an important aspect of informed consent, as patients have the right to know their medical condition and the risks and benefits of various treatment options. Healthcare providers are required to disclose relevant information to their patients in a clear and understandable manner, so that they can make informed decisions about their healthcare.
In some cases, disclosure may also be required by law or professional ethical standards, such as when there is a legal obligation to report certain types of injuries or illnesses, or when there is a concern for patient safety. It is important for healthcare providers to carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of disclosure in each individual case, and to ensure that they are acting in the best interests of their patients while also protecting their privacy and confidentiality.
Fellowships and scholarships in the medical context are awards given to individuals to support their education, training, or research in a specific medical field. Here are the definitions for each:
1. Fellowship: A fellowship is a competitive award given to a highly qualified individual, usually a physician or researcher, to pursue advanced training, education, or research in a specialized area of medicine. Fellowships can last from one to several years and often involve working in an academic medical center or research institution. They may include a stipend, tuition support, and other benefits.
2. Scholarship: A scholarship is a financial award given to an individual to support their education, typically for undergraduate or graduate studies. In the medical context, scholarships are often granted to students who demonstrate academic excellence, leadership potential, and a commitment to a career in medicine. Scholarships can cover tuition, fees, books, and living expenses and may be awarded by universities, professional organizations, or other entities.
Both fellowships and scholarships can provide valuable opportunities for individuals to advance their knowledge, skills, and careers in the medical field. They are often highly competitive, with selection based on a variety of factors including academic achievement, research experience, leadership potential, and personal qualities.
Research personnel, in the context of medical and scientific research, refers to individuals who are involved in the design, conduct, or reporting of research studies. This can include, but is not limited to, principal investigators, co-investigators, research assistants, research coordinators, data managers, biostatisticians, and laboratory technicians. These individuals may have various levels of education, training, and expertise, and their roles and responsibilities will depend on the specific research study and their individual qualifications. It is important for research personnel to adhere to ethical guidelines and regulations in order to ensure the integrity and validity of research findings.
Consumer participation in the context of healthcare refers to the active involvement and engagement of patients, families, caregivers, and communities in their own healthcare decision-making processes and in the development, implementation, and evaluation of health policies, programs, and services. It emphasizes the importance of patient-centered care, where the unique needs, preferences, values, and experiences of individuals are respected and integrated into their healthcare.
Consumer participation can take many forms, including:
1. Patient-provider communication: Consumers engage in open and honest communication with their healthcare providers to make informed decisions about their health.
2. Shared decision-making: Consumers work together with their healthcare providers to weigh the benefits and risks of different treatment options and make evidence-based decisions that align with their values, preferences, and goals.
3. Patient education: Consumers receive accurate, timely, and understandable information about their health conditions, treatments, and self-management strategies.
4. Patient advocacy: Consumers advocate for their own health needs and rights, as well as those of other patients and communities.
5. Community engagement: Consumers participate in the development, implementation, and evaluation of health policies, programs, and services that affect their communities.
6. Research partnerships: Consumers collaborate with researchers to design, conduct, and disseminate research that is relevant and meaningful to their lives.
Consumer participation aims to improve healthcare quality, safety, and outcomes by empowering individuals to take an active role in their own health and well-being, and by ensuring that healthcare systems are responsive to the needs and preferences of diverse populations.
I apologize, but "Canada" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in North America, known for its vast wilderness, multicultural cities, and significant natural resources. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terms, I would be happy to help answer those!
A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.
Spinal injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur to the vertebral column, which houses and protects the spinal cord. These injuries can be caused by various factors such as trauma from accidents (motor vehicle, sports-related, falls, etc.), violence, or degenerative conditions like arthritis, disc herniation, or spinal stenosis.
Spinal injuries can result in bruising, fractures, dislocations, or compression of the vertebrae, which may then cause damage to the spinal cord and its surrounding tissues, nerves, and blood vessels. The severity of a spinal injury can range from mild, with temporary symptoms, to severe, resulting in permanent impairment or paralysis below the level of injury.
Symptoms of spinal injuries may include:
- Pain or stiffness in the neck or back
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
- Paralysis or loss of sensation below the level of injury
- In severe cases, respiratory problems and difficulty in breathing
Immediate medical attention is crucial for spinal injuries to prevent further damage and ensure proper treatment. Treatment options may include immobilization, surgery, medication, rehabilitation, and physical therapy.
Ethics committees, also known as institutional review boards (IRBs), are groups responsible for reviewing and approving research studies involving human subjects. The primary goal of these committees is to ensure that the rights and welfare of study participants are protected, and that the research is conducted in an ethical manner.
Ethics committees typically consist of a diverse group of individuals with expertise in various fields, such as medicine, law, ethics, and community representation. They review the proposed research protocol, informed consent documents, and other relevant materials to ensure that they meet ethical standards and regulations.
The committee assesses several key factors when reviewing a study, including:
1. Risks vs. benefits: The potential risks of the study must be minimized and reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits.
2. Informed consent: Participants must be adequately informed about the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits, and provide their voluntary consent.
3. Selection and recruitment: Participants should be selected fairly and without discrimination, and recruitment methods should be unbiased.
4. Confidentiality: The privacy and confidentiality of participants' information must be protected throughout the study.
5. Monitoring and reporting: There should be mechanisms in place for monitoring the study's progress and ensuring that any adverse events are reported and addressed promptly.
Ethics committees play a critical role in protecting human subjects and upholding ethical standards in research. They provide oversight and guidance to researchers, helping to ensure that studies are conducted with integrity and respect for participants' rights and welfare.
"Academies and Institutes" in a medical context typically refer to organizations that are dedicated to advancing knowledge, research, and education in a specific field of medicine or healthcare. These organizations often bring together experts and leaders in the field to share knowledge, conduct research, and develop guidelines or policies. They may also provide training and certification for healthcare professionals.
Examples of medical academies and institutes include:
* The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) in the United States, which provides independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation on medical and health issues.
* The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) in the United Kingdom, which is a professional body dedicated to improving the practice of medicine, with a particular focus on physicians.
* The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC), which are two leading organizations focused on cardiovascular disease and healthcare.
* The World Health Organization (WHO) is an international organization that coordinates and directs global health activities, including research, policy-making, and service delivery.
These institutions play a crucial role in shaping medical practice and policy by providing evidence-based recommendations and guidelines, as well as training and certification for healthcare professionals.
A "periodical" in the context of medicine typically refers to a type of publication that is issued regularly, such as on a monthly or quarterly basis. These publications include peer-reviewed journals, magazines, and newsletters that focus on medical research, education, and practice. They may contain original research articles, review articles, case reports, editorials, letters to the editor, and other types of content related to medical science and clinical practice.
As a "Topic," periodicals in medicine encompass various aspects such as their role in disseminating new knowledge, their impact on clinical decision-making, their quality control measures, and their ethical considerations. Medical periodicals serve as a crucial resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, students, and other stakeholders to stay updated on the latest developments in their field and to share their findings with others.
Pharmacy licensure is the process by which a government agency grants permission to an individual pharmacist or a pharmacy facility to practice pharmacy within a specific jurisdiction, according to established legal and regulatory standards. The purpose of licensure is to ensure that pharmacists possess the necessary education, training, and skills to provide safe and effective medication therapy to patients.
In order to obtain a pharmacy license, individuals must typically meet certain requirements, such as completing a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree from an accredited college of pharmacy, passing a series of exams that test their knowledge and skills, and completing a specified number of hours of supervised practice experience. Additionally, pharmacies must also meet certain standards for facilities, equipment, and record-keeping in order to obtain licensure.
Licensure requirements may vary from one jurisdiction to another, so it is important for pharmacists and pharmacy owners to be familiar with the specific regulations in their area. Ongoing compliance with these regulations is necessary to maintain licensure and ensure continued practice privileges.
Reproducibility of results in a medical context refers to the ability to obtain consistent and comparable findings when a particular experiment or study is repeated, either by the same researcher or by different researchers, following the same experimental protocol. It is an essential principle in scientific research that helps to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.
In medical research, reproducibility of results is crucial for establishing the effectiveness and safety of new treatments, interventions, or diagnostic tools. It involves conducting well-designed studies with adequate sample sizes, appropriate statistical analyses, and transparent reporting of methods and findings to allow other researchers to replicate the study and confirm or refute the results.
The lack of reproducibility in medical research has become a significant concern in recent years, as several high-profile studies have failed to produce consistent findings when replicated by other researchers. This has led to increased scrutiny of research practices and a call for greater transparency, rigor, and standardization in the conduct and reporting of medical research.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "policy making" is not a medical term per se. It refers to the process of formulating or establishing official guidelines or rules, such as public policies or organizational policies, that govern decisions and actions. In the context of healthcare, policy making can refer to the development of guidelines, laws, regulations, and procedures that govern the delivery, financing, and accessibility of medical care and health promotion activities.
Examples of policy making in healthcare include:
* Developing clinical practice guidelines for the management of specific medical conditions
* Establishing reimbursement policies for medical procedures or treatments
* Implementing regulations to ensure patient safety and quality of care
* Creating public health policies to address population health issues, such as tobacco control or obesity prevention.
I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Industry" is a general term that refers to a specific branch of economic activity, or a particular way of producing goods or services. It is not a medical term with a defined meaning within the field of medicine.
However, if you are referring to the term "industrious," which can be used to describe someone who is diligent and hard-working, it could be applied in a medical context to describe a patient's level of engagement and effort in their own care. For example, a patient who is conscientious about taking their medications as prescribed, following through with recommended treatments, and making necessary lifestyle changes to manage their condition might be described as "industrious" by their healthcare provider.
Community-institutional relations in a medical context generally refers to the interactions and relationships between healthcare institutions, such as hospitals or clinics, and the communities they serve. This can include initiatives and programs aimed at promoting community health, addressing social determinants of health, and building trust and engagement with community members. It may also involve collaborations and partnerships with other organizations, such as community-based organizations, public health agencies, and local government entities, to address shared health concerns and improve overall community wellbeing. Effective community-institutional relations can help to ensure that healthcare institutions are responsive to the needs of their communities and contribute to positive health outcomes.
In the context of medical education, a curriculum refers to the planned and organized sequence of experiences and learning opportunities designed to achieve specific educational goals and objectives. It outlines the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that medical students or trainees are expected to acquire during their training program. The curriculum may include various components such as lectures, small group discussions, clinical rotations, simulations, and other experiential learning activities. It is typically developed and implemented by medical education experts and faculty members in consultation with stakeholders, including learners, practitioners, and patients.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "negotiating" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Negotiation is a process in which different parties come together to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement on a particular matter. It is often used in various contexts such as business, politics, and law, but it is not typically used in the context of medical terminology.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or healthcare, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "publishing" is not a term that has a medical definition. Publishing typically refers to the process of preparing and disseminating information, such as books, journals, or articles, to the public or a specific audience. It could involve both print and digital media. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Confidentiality is a legal and ethical principle in medicine that refers to the obligation of healthcare professionals to protect the personal and sensitive information of their patients. This information, which can include medical history, diagnosis, treatment plans, and other private details, is shared between the patient and the healthcare provider with the expectation that it will be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties without the patient's consent.
Confidentiality is a fundamental component of the trust relationship between patients and healthcare providers, as it helps to ensure that patients feel safe and comfortable sharing sensitive information with their doctors, nurses, and other members of their healthcare team. It also helps to protect patients' privacy rights and uphold their autonomy in making informed decisions about their healthcare.
There are some limited circumstances in which confidentiality may be breached, such as when there is a legal obligation to report certain types of information (e.g., suspected child abuse or neglect), or when the disclosure is necessary to protect the health and safety of the patient or others. However, these exceptions are typically narrowly defined and subject to strict guidelines and safeguards to ensure that confidentiality is protected as much as possible.
Interdisciplinary communication in a medical context refers to the exchange of information and ideas between professionals from different healthcare disciplines, such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, and therapists. This form of communication is essential for coordinating patient care, making informed treatment decisions, and ensuring that all members of the healthcare team are aware of the patient's needs, goals, and progress. Effective interdisciplinary communication can help to improve patient outcomes, increase patient satisfaction, and reduce medical errors. It typically involves clear, concise, and respectful communication, often through regular meetings, shared documentation, and collaborative decision-making processes.
Aviation accidents are events in which an aircraft is involved in a sudden or unexpected occurrence that results in damage to the aircraft, injury to its occupants or other persons, or death. These accidents can be caused by a variety of factors, including pilot error, mechanical failure, adverse weather conditions, and air traffic control errors. Aviation accidents are typically investigated by government agencies such as the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) in the United States to determine their causes and to develop recommendations for preventing similar occurrences in the future.
'Guidelines' in the medical context are systematically developed statements or sets of recommendations designed to assist healthcare professionals and patients in making informed decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. They are based on a thorough evaluation of the available evidence, including scientific studies, expert opinions, and patient values. Guidelines may cover a wide range of topics, such as diagnosis, treatment, prevention, screening, and management of various diseases and conditions. They aim to standardize care, improve patient outcomes, reduce unnecessary variations in practice, and promote efficient use of healthcare resources.
In the context of medicine, specialization refers to the process or state of a physician, surgeon, or other healthcare professional acquiring and demonstrating expertise in a particular field or area of practice beyond their initial general training. This is usually achieved through additional years of education, training, and clinical experience in a specific medical discipline or subspecialty.
For instance, a doctor who has completed medical school and a general residency program may choose to specialize in cardiology, dermatology, neurology, orthopedics, psychiatry, or any other branch of medicine. After completing a specialized fellowship program and passing the relevant certification exams, they become certified as a specialist in that field, recognized by professional medical organizations such as the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC).
Specialization allows healthcare professionals to provide more focused, expert care for patients with specific conditions or needs. It also contributes to the development and advancement of medical knowledge and practice, as specialists often conduct research and contribute to the evidence base in their respective fields.
Biological psychiatry is a branch of medicine that aims to understand and treat mental disorders by studying the biological mechanisms underlying behavior, cognition, and emotion. This can include the study of genetics, neurochemistry, brain structure and function, and other physiological processes that may contribute to the development and expression of mental illnesses.
Biological psychiatrists use a variety of approaches to understand and treat mental disorders, including psychopharmacology (the use of medications to treat psychiatric symptoms), neurostimulation techniques (such as electroconvulsive therapy or transcranial magnetic stimulation), and behavioral interventions (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy).
The ultimate goal of biological psychiatry is to develop more effective treatments for mental illnesses by gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to their development and expression.
Data collection in the medical context refers to the systematic gathering of information relevant to a specific research question or clinical situation. This process involves identifying and recording data elements, such as demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, and imaging studies, from various sources including patient interviews, medical records, and diagnostic tests. The data collected is used to support clinical decision-making, inform research hypotheses, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. It is essential that data collection is performed in a standardized and unbiased manner to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sports Equipment" is not a term that typically has a medical definition. It generally refers to the physical items or gear used in sports and athletic activities, such as balls, bats, helmets, protective pads, etc. If you're looking for a term related to sports that has a medical definition, I'd be happy to help with that!
Editorial policies refer to a set of guidelines and principles that govern the development, selection, peer-review, production, and publication of manuscripts in a medical journal. These policies aim to ensure the integrity, transparency, and quality of the published research while adhering to ethical standards and best practices in scientific publishing.
Some essential components of editorial policies include:
1. Authorship criteria: Defining who qualifies as an author, their roles, and responsibilities, and specifying the order of authorship based on contribution.
2. Conflict of interest disclosure: Requiring authors, reviewers, and editors to declare any potential conflicts of interest that may influence their judgment or objectivity in the manuscript's evaluation.
3. Peer-review process: Outlining the steps involved in the peer-review process, including the selection of reviewers, the number of required reviews, and the criteria for accepting or rejecting a manuscript.
4. Plagiarism detection: Employing plagiarism detection software to ensure originality and prevent unethical practices such as self-plagiarism or duplicate publication.
5. Data sharing: Encouraging or requiring authors to share their data, code, or materials to promote transparency and reproducibility of the research findings.
6. Corrections and retractions: Establishing procedures for correcting errors, addressing scientific misconduct, and retracting published articles when necessary.
7. Post-publication discussions: Encouraging open dialogue and constructive criticism through post-publication discussions or letters to the editor.
8. Accessibility and copyright: Describing how the journal ensures accessibility of its content, such as through open-access models, and outlining the terms of copyright and licensing agreements.
9. Archiving and preservation: Ensuring long-term preservation and availability of published content by depositing it in appropriate digital archives or repositories.
10. Compliance with international standards: Adhering to guidelines and best practices established by organizations such as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Internet" is a term that pertains to the global network of interconnected computers and servers that enable the transmission and reception of data via the internet protocol (IP). It is not a medical term and does not have a specific medical definition. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try to help answer them for you!
Organizational models in the context of medicine refer to frameworks that are used to describe, analyze, and improve the structure, processes, and outcomes of healthcare organizations. These models provide a systematic way of understanding how different components of an organization interact with each other and how they contribute to the overall performance of the system.
Examples of organizational models in healthcare include:
1. The Donabedian model: This model focuses on the structure, process, and outcome of healthcare as interrelated components that influence the quality of care.
2. The Baldrige Performance Excellence Program: This model provides a framework for organizations to evaluate their performance and identify areas for improvement in seven categories: leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, measurement, analysis, and knowledge management; workforce focus; process management; and results.
3. The Institute of Medicine's (IOM) six aims for improvement: The IOM has identified six aims that should be the focus of healthcare quality improvement efforts: safety, timeliness, patient-centeredness, effectiveness, efficiency, and equity.
4. The Lean management system: This model is a process improvement approach that focuses on eliminating waste and maximizing value for customers through continuous improvement and respect for people.
5. The Six Sigma methodology: This model is a data-driven approach to quality improvement that seeks to reduce variation and defects in processes through the use of statistical tools and techniques.
These are just a few examples of organizational models used in healthcare. Each model has its own strengths and limitations, and organizations may choose to adopt one or more models depending on their specific needs and goals.
I'm happy to help! However, I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Students, Dental" is not a medical term or definition. Instead, it likely refers to individuals who are studying to become dental professionals, such as dentists, dental hygienists, or dental assistants.
If you're looking for information about dental education or the field of dentistry, I would be happy to provide some resources or answer any questions you may have!
"Research Support as Topic" is not a specific medical term or diagnosis. However, in the context of medical literature and research, "research support" refers to the resources, funding, and infrastructure that enable and facilitate the conduct of scientific research. This can include financial support from various sources such as government agencies, private organizations, or institutions; access to laboratory facilities, equipment, and databases; and technical assistance in study design, data collection and analysis, and manuscript preparation.
When "research support" is designated as a topic in medical literature, it typically refers to articles that discuss the various aspects of research funding, ethics, and management, including best practices for grant writing, financial conflict of interest disclosures, and responsible conduct of research. It may also include studies that examine the impact of research support on the quality, quantity, and outcomes of scientific research.
"Test-taking skills" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in an educational or psychological context, test-taking skills refer to the abilities and strategies that a person uses to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding during assessments or exams. These skills can include time management, reading comprehension, note-taking, outlining, summarizing, and answering questions effectively.
Test-taking skills are not only important for academic success but also for professional licensing exams, certifications, and other standardized tests. Developing good test-taking skills can help reduce test anxiety, improve performance, and increase confidence.
While "test-taking skills" may not have a medical definition per se, it is worth noting that some psychological and educational interventions aim to improve these skills in students or test-takers, which can have positive impacts on their mental health and well-being.
Internal Medicine is a medical specialty that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of internal diseases affecting adults. It encompasses a wide range of medical conditions, including those related to the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hematological, endocrine, infectious, and immune systems. Internists, or general internists, are trained to provide comprehensive care for adult patients, managing both simple and complex diseases, and often serving as primary care physicians. They may also subspecialize in various fields such as cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology, or infectious disease, among others.
Health services research (HSR) is a multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and personal behaviors affect access to healthcare, the quality and cost of care, and ultimately, our health and well-being. The goal of HSR is to inform policy and practice, improve system performance, and enhance the health and well-being of individuals and communities. It involves the use of various research methods, including epidemiology, biostatistics, economics, sociology, management science, political science, and psychology, to answer questions about the healthcare system and how it can be improved.
Examples of HSR topics include:
* Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different healthcare interventions and technologies
* Studying patient-centered care and patient experiences with the healthcare system
* Examining healthcare workforce issues, such as shortages of primary care providers or the impact of nurse-to-patient ratios on patient outcomes
* Investigating the impact of health insurance design and financing systems on access to care and health disparities
* Analyzing the organization and delivery of healthcare services in different settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities
* Identifying best practices for improving healthcare quality and safety, reducing medical errors, and eliminating wasteful or unnecessary care.
"Physicians, Women" refers to medical doctors who identify as female. They have completed the required education and training to provide medical diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care to patients. They can specialize in various fields such as cardiology, pediatrics, psychiatry, surgery, etc. Their role is to promote and restore health by providing comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities.
A physician is a healthcare professional who practices medicine, providing medical care and treatment to patients. Physicians may specialize in various fields of medicine, such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, or radiology, among others. They are responsible for diagnosing and treating illnesses, injuries, and disorders; prescribing medications; ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests; providing counseling and education to patients; and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care. Physicians may work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, private practices, and academic medical centers. To become a physician, one must complete a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree program and pass licensing exams to practice medicine in their state.
"School Admission Criteria" is not a medical term. However, I can provide you with a general definition:
School admission criteria are the set of standards and qualifications that a student must meet in order to be considered for acceptance into a particular school or educational program. These criteria may include academic achievements, standardized test scores, behavioral records, extracurricular activities, interviews, and other factors that the school deems relevant to assess a student's potential for success in their learning environment.
While not medical, these criteria can impact a child's educational experience and overall well-being, which may have indirect effects on their health.
Hospital administration is a field of study and profession that deals with the management and leadership of hospitals and other healthcare facilities. It involves overseeing various aspects such as finance, human resources, operations, strategic planning, policy development, patient care services, and quality improvement. The main goal of hospital administration is to ensure that the organization runs smoothly, efficiently, and effectively while meeting its mission, vision, and values. Hospital administrators work closely with medical staff, board members, patients, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions that promote high-quality care, patient safety, and organizational growth. They may hold various titles such as CEO, COO, CFO, Director of Nursing, or Department Manager, depending on the size and structure of the healthcare facility.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Northern Ireland" is a geographical location and political entity, and not a medical term or concept. It is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, located in the north-east of the island of Ireland. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
Genetic research is a branch of biomedical science that involves the study of genes, their functions, and heredity. It aims to understand how genetic variations contribute to human health and disease by using various scientific approaches such as genetics, genomics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and bioinformatics.
Genetic research can be conducted on humans, animals, or plants, and it can focus on a variety of areas including:
1. Identifying genes associated with specific diseases or traits
2. Understanding how genes are regulated and expressed
3. Investigating the role of genetic mutations in disease development
4. Developing new diagnostic tests and treatments based on genetic information
5. Exploring evolutionary relationships between species
6. Examining ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic research.
Genetic research has led to significant advances in our understanding of many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and neurological disorders. It also holds great promise for personalized medicine, which tailors treatments to individual patients based on their genetic makeup.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "History, 20th Century" is a broad and complex topic that refers to the events, developments, and transformations that occurred throughout the world during the 1900s. It is not a medical term or concept. If you're interested in learning more about this historical period, I would recommend consulting a history textbook, reputable online resources, or speaking with a historian. They can provide detailed information about the political, social, economic, and cultural changes that took place during the 20th century.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Organizational Case Studies" is not a medical term. It is a term that is used in various fields including business, management, and social sciences to describe the analysis of a specific organization or a particular aspect of its functioning. An organizational case study typically involves an in-depth examination of an organization, including its structure, culture, processes, and outcomes, with the aim of understanding its performance, challenges, and opportunities for improvement.
In healthcare, case studies are often used to examine specific clinical scenarios or patient cases. However, "Organizational Case Studies" in a medical context might refer to the study of healthcare organizations, such as hospitals or clinics, to analyze their management practices, quality of care, financial performance, and other factors that can impact patient outcomes and overall organizational success.
Nonprofit organizations in the medical context are private entities that operate on a nonprofit basis and are typically dedicated to furthering a particular social, healthcare-related, or advocacy mission. They are usually tax-exempt and rely on donations, grants, and sometimes membership fees to support their work. Examples of nonprofit organizations in the medical field include hospitals, clinics, research institutions, patient advocacy groups, and health-related foundations. Their primary goal is to provide services or conduct activities that benefit the community or a specific group, rather than generating profits for shareholders or owners.
Transportation of patients, in a medical context, refers to the process of moving patients safely and comfortably from one location to another. This can include the movement of patients within a healthcare facility (such as from their hospital room to the radiology department for testing) or between facilities (such as from a hospital to a rehabilitation center). Patient transportation may be required for various reasons, including receiving medical treatment, undergoing diagnostic tests, attending appointments, or being discharged from the hospital.
The process of patient transportation involves careful planning and coordination to ensure the safety, comfort, and well-being of the patient during transit. It may involve the use of specialized equipment, such as stretchers, wheelchairs, or ambulances, depending on the patient's medical needs and mobility status. Trained personnel, such as paramedics, nurses, or patient care technicians, are often involved in the transportation process to monitor the patient's condition, provide medical assistance if needed, and ensure a smooth and uneventful transfer.
It is essential to follow established protocols and guidelines for patient transportation to minimize risks and ensure the best possible outcomes for patients. This includes assessing the patient's medical status, determining the appropriate mode of transportation, providing necessary care and support during transit, and communicating effectively with all parties involved in the process.
Equipment design, in the medical context, refers to the process of creating and developing medical equipment and devices, such as surgical instruments, diagnostic machines, or assistive technologies. This process involves several stages, including:
1. Identifying user needs and requirements
2. Concept development and brainstorming
3. Prototyping and testing
4. Design for manufacturing and assembly
5. Safety and regulatory compliance
6. Verification and validation
7. Training and support
The goal of equipment design is to create safe, effective, and efficient medical devices that meet the needs of healthcare providers and patients while complying with relevant regulations and standards. The design process typically involves a multidisciplinary team of engineers, clinicians, designers, and researchers who work together to develop innovative solutions that improve patient care and outcomes.
A "Professional Role" in the context of medicine typically refers to the specific duties, responsibilities, and expectations associated with a particular healthcare position. It encompasses the legal, ethical, and clinical aspects of the job, and is shaped by education, training, and professional standards. Examples include roles such as a physician, nurse, pharmacist, or therapist, each with their own distinct set of professional responsibilities and obligations to patients, colleagues, and society.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Professional Staff Committees" is not a medical term or concept. Instead, it likely refers to committees made up of professional staff members in a hospital, healthcare organization, or other professional setting. These committees typically consist of department heads, managers, and other experienced professionals who collaborate on various aspects of organizational operations, such as policy-making, quality improvement, patient care standards, and staff development. They serve as platforms for discussion, decision-making, and problem-solving to ensure the smooth functioning and continuous improvement of the organization's services.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "telecommunications" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Telecommunications refers to the transmission of information over long distances through electronic means, such as telephone, television, radio, and internet. It is a broader term used in various fields including engineering, technology, and communications.
However, in the context of healthcare, you might be referring to "telemedicine" or "e-health," which are subsets of telecommunications. Telemedicine involves the use of telecommunication and information technologies to provide healthcare services remotely, allowing patients and providers to interact virtually. E-health is a broader concept that encompasses telemedicine as well as other electronic processes related to health, such as electronic health records and health information systems.
Medical futility is a controversial and complex concept that refers to medical treatments or interventions that are highly unlikely to result in achieving a meaningful clinical benefit for the patient. The determination of medical futility often involves a consideration of various factors, including the patient's current medical condition, prognosis, values, and goals of care.
There is no universally accepted definition of medical futility, and its interpretation can vary widely among healthcare providers, patients, and families. In general, medical treatments are considered futile when they have a very low probability of success or when they only prolong the process of dying without improving the patient's quality of life.
The concept of medical futility is important in end-of-life care discussions and decision-making, as it can help healthcare providers and patients make informed decisions about whether to pursue certain treatments or interventions. However, determining medical futility can be challenging, and it requires careful consideration of the patient's individual circumstances and values. Ultimately, the goal of medical futility is to ensure that patients receive care that is both medically appropriate and aligned with their goals and values.
Program Evaluation is a systematic and objective assessment of a healthcare program's design, implementation, and outcomes. It is a medical term used to describe the process of determining the relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency of a program in achieving its goals and objectives. Program evaluation involves collecting and analyzing data related to various aspects of the program, such as its reach, impact, cost-effectiveness, and quality. The results of program evaluation can be used to improve the design and implementation of existing programs or to inform the development of new ones. It is a critical tool for ensuring that healthcare programs are meeting the needs of their intended audiences and delivering high-quality care in an efficient and effective manner.
Scientific societies are organizations that bring together professionals and researchers in a specific scientific field to promote the advancement of knowledge, research, and application of that science. These societies often engage in activities such as publishing scientific journals, organizing conferences and meetings, providing continuing education and professional development opportunities, and advocating for science policy and funding. Membership may be open to anyone with an interest in the field, or it may be restricted to individuals who meet certain qualifications, such as holding a degree in the relevant scientific discipline. Examples of scientific societies include the American Medical Association (AMA), the American Chemical Society (ACS), and the Royal Society of London.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "teaching" is a general term that refers to the act of imparting knowledge or skills to others and is not a medical term. However, in the context of medical education, teaching refers to the instruction and training of medical students, residents, fellows, and other healthcare professionals to develop their knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for providing high-quality patient care. This can take place in various settings such as classrooms, clinical wards, simulation centers, or online platforms, and can involve a range of teaching methods including lectures, small group discussions, bedside teaching, case-based learning, and hands-on training.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Ohio" is not a medical term or condition. It is the name of a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terms, I would be happy to help answer those!
Committee membership, in a medical context, refers to the role of an individual serving on a committee that is responsible for making decisions or providing guidance related to medical issues or healthcare delivery. This could include committees within a hospital or healthcare organization, professional medical societies, or governmental bodies. Committee members may be involved in developing policies, guidelines, or standards; overseeing research or quality improvement initiatives; or addressing ethical or regulatory concerns. Membership on such committees is often composed of medical professionals with relevant expertise and experience.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wood" is not a medical term. It is a common name for various hard, fibrous tissues that make up the trunks and branches of trees and shrubs, as well as a term used for a wide range of items made from these materials. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.
Cooperative behavior, in a medical or healthcare context, refers to the actions and attitudes displayed by individuals or groups working together to achieve a common goal related to health and well-being. This may involve patients following their healthcare providers' advice, healthcare professionals collaborating to diagnose and treat medical conditions, or communities coming together to promote healthy behaviors and environments. Cooperative behavior is essential for positive health outcomes, as it fosters trust, communication, and shared decision-making between patients and healthcare providers, and helps to ensure that everyone involved in the care process is working towards the same goal.
Workers' compensation is a form of insurance that provides medical benefits, wage replacement, and rehabilitation expenses to employees who are injured or become ill as a direct result of their job. It is designed to compensate the employee for lost wages and cover medical expenses due to work-related injuries or illnesses, while also protecting employers from potential lawsuits. Workers' compensation laws vary by state but generally require employers to carry this insurance and provide coverage for eligible employees. The program is typically funded through employer premiums and is administered by individual states.
A research design in medical or healthcare research is a systematic plan that guides the execution and reporting of research to address a specific research question or objective. It outlines the overall strategy for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to draw valid conclusions. The design includes details about the type of study (e.g., experimental, observational), sampling methods, data collection techniques, data analysis approaches, and any potential sources of bias or confounding that need to be controlled for. A well-defined research design helps ensure that the results are reliable, generalizable, and relevant to the research question, ultimately contributing to evidence-based practice in medicine and healthcare.
Quality Assurance in the context of healthcare refers to a systematic approach and set of activities designed to ensure that health care services and products consistently meet predetermined standards of quality and safety. It includes all the policies, procedures, and processes that are put in place to monitor, assess, and improve the quality of healthcare delivery.
The goal of quality assurance is to minimize variability in clinical practice, reduce medical errors, and ensure that patients receive evidence-based care that is safe, effective, timely, patient-centered, and equitable. Quality assurance activities may include:
1. Establishing standards of care based on best practices and clinical guidelines.
2. Developing and implementing policies and procedures to ensure compliance with these standards.
3. Providing education and training to healthcare professionals to improve their knowledge and skills.
4. Conducting audits, reviews, and evaluations of healthcare services and processes to identify areas for improvement.
5. Implementing corrective actions to address identified issues and prevent their recurrence.
6. Monitoring and measuring outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of quality improvement initiatives.
Quality assurance is an ongoing process that requires continuous evaluation and improvement to ensure that healthcare delivery remains safe, effective, and patient-centered.
Health care reform refers to the legislative efforts, initiatives, and debates aimed at improving the quality, affordability, and accessibility of health care services. These reforms may include changes to health insurance coverage, delivery systems, payment methods, and healthcare regulations. The goals of health care reform are often to increase the number of people with health insurance, reduce healthcare costs, and improve the overall health outcomes of a population. Examples of notable health care reform measures in the United States include the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicare for All proposals.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Science" is a broad field that refers to a systematic and logical process used to discover how things in the universe work. It's not typically used as a medical term. However, within the context of medicine, "science" often refers to evidence-based practices, which are treatments and preventions that have been scientifically researched and proven to be effective. This could include areas like pharmacology (the study of drugs), pathophysiology (the study of changes in the body due to disease), or clinical trials (studies used to test new treatments). If you're looking for a specific medical term, could you please provide more context?
Professional competence, in the context of medicine, refers to the possession of the necessary skills, knowledge, and behaviors required for the provision of high-quality healthcare services. It involves the ability to apply medical knowledge and clinical skills effectively in practice, make informed and evidence-based decisions, communicate clearly and effectively with patients and colleagues, demonstrate professionalism and ethical behavior, and engage in continuous learning and improvement.
Professional competence is evaluated through various means, including assessments of clinical skills, knowledge tests, patient feedback, and peer reviews. It is an ongoing process that requires healthcare professionals to continually update their knowledge and skills, adapt to changes in medical practice, and strive for excellence in patient care. Maintaining professional competence is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of healthcare services and is a key component of medical regulation and licensure.
Medical oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer using systemic medications, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Medical oncologists are specialized physicians who manage cancer patients throughout their illness, from diagnosis to survivorship or end-of-life care. They work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as surgeons, radiation oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and nurses, to provide comprehensive cancer care for their patients. The primary goal of medical oncology is to improve the quality of life and overall survival of cancer patients while minimizing side effects and toxicities associated with cancer treatments.
Public Health Administration refers to the leadership, management, and coordination of public health services and initiatives at the local, state, or national level. It involves overseeing and managing the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies, programs, and services aimed at improving the health and well-being of populations. This may include addressing issues such as infectious disease control, chronic disease prevention, environmental health, emergency preparedness and response, and health promotion and education.
Public Health Administration requires a strong understanding of public health principles, leadership and management skills, and the ability to work collaboratively with a variety of stakeholders, including community members, healthcare providers, policymakers, and other organizations. The ultimate goal of Public Health Administration is to ensure that public health resources are used effectively and efficiently to improve the health outcomes of populations and reduce health disparities.
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is not a medical term per se, but it is a government organization that oversees and provides funding for many public health initiatives, services, and institutions in the United States. Here's a brief definition:
The HHS is a cabinet-level department in the US federal government responsible for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. It achieves this by promoting effective and efficient delivery of high-quality healthcare, conducting critical medical research through its agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and enforcing public health laws and regulations, including those related to food safety, through its agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Additionally, HHS oversees the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which provide healthcare coverage for millions of elderly, disabled, and low-income Americans.
"Schools, Dental" is not a recognized medical term or concept. It seems that there might be some confusion in the terminology used. If you are referring to "Dental Schools," they are educational institutions that offer professional training programs in dentistry, leading to a degree in dental surgery (DDS) or dental medicine (DMD).
If you meant something else, please clarify the term or concept, and I would be happy to provide more information.
Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures used to describe the performance of a diagnostic test or screening tool in identifying true positive and true negative results.
* Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people who have a particular condition (true positives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true positive rate" or "recall." A highly sensitive test will identify most or all of the people with the condition, but may also produce more false positives.
* Specificity refers to the proportion of people who do not have a particular condition (true negatives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true negative rate." A highly specific test will identify most or all of the people without the condition, but may also produce more false negatives.
In medical testing, both sensitivity and specificity are important considerations when evaluating a diagnostic test. High sensitivity is desirable for screening tests that aim to identify as many cases of a condition as possible, while high specificity is desirable for confirmatory tests that aim to rule out the condition in people who do not have it.
It's worth noting that sensitivity and specificity are often influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the condition in the population being tested, the threshold used to define a positive result, and the reliability and validity of the test itself. Therefore, it's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test.
In the context of medical law and ethics, fraud refers to a deliberate and intentional deception or misrepresentation of facts, motivated by personal gain, which is made by a person or entity in a position of trust, such as a healthcare professional or organization. This deception can occur through various means, including the provision of false information, the concealment of important facts, or the manipulation of data.
Medical fraud can take many forms, including:
1. Billing fraud: This occurs when healthcare providers submit false claims to insurance companies or government programs like Medicare and Medicaid for services that were not provided, were unnecessary, or were more expensive than the services actually rendered.
2. Prescription fraud: Healthcare professionals may engage in prescription fraud by writing unnecessary prescriptions for controlled substances, such as opioids, for their own use or to sell on the black market. They may also alter prescriptions or use stolen identities to obtain these drugs.
3. Research fraud: Scientists and researchers can commit fraud by manipulating or falsifying data in clinical trials, experiments, or studies to support predetermined outcomes or to secure funding and recognition.
4. Credentialing fraud: Healthcare professionals may misrepresent their qualifications, licenses, or certifications to gain employment or admitting privileges at healthcare facilities.
5. Identity theft: Stealing someone's personal information to obtain medical services, prescription medications, or insurance benefits is another form of medical fraud.
Medical fraud not only has severe legal consequences for those found guilty but also undermines the trust between patients and healthcare providers, jeopardizes patient safety, and contributes to rising healthcare costs.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pilot projects" is not a medical term per se. Instead, it is a general term used in various fields, including healthcare and medicine, to describe a small-scale initiative that is implemented on a temporary basis to evaluate its feasibility, effectiveness, or impact before deciding whether to expand or continue it.
In the context of healthcare, pilot projects might involve testing new treatment protocols, implementing innovative care models, or introducing technology solutions in a limited setting to assess their potential benefits and drawbacks. The results of these projects can help inform decisions about broader implementation and provide valuable insights for improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare services.
A College Admission Test is a standardized examination used by colleges and universities as part of the admissions process to assess an applicant's academic preparedness for higher education. The most widely used college admission tests in the United States are the SAT and the ACT. These tests measure skills in areas such as reading, writing, mathematics, and science reasoning. Some colleges and universities may also require or accept subject-specific tests, such as SAT Subject Tests or Advanced Placement (AP) exams, to evaluate an applicant's knowledge and expertise in particular academic areas.
In the context of medical field, a consultant is a physician who has completed specialty training and offers expert advice to general practitioners and other healthcare professionals. They typically work in hospitals or private practice and provide specialized services for specific medical conditions or diseases. Consultants play a crucial role in diagnosing complex medical cases, developing treatment plans, and managing patient care. They may also conduct research, teach medical students and residents, and write articles for professional publications. Some consultants are also involved in administrative tasks such as hospital management and policy-making.
I couldn't find a specific medical definition for "Self-Evaluation Programs." However, in the context of healthcare and medical education, self-evaluation programs generally refer to activities or interventions designed to help healthcare professionals assess their own knowledge, skills, and performance. These programs often include tools such as:
1. Knowledge-based tests and quizzes
2. Reflective practice exercises
3. Case discussions and simulations
4. Feedback from peers or supervisors
5. Performance metrics and benchmarking
The primary goal of self-evaluation programs is to promote continuous professional development, identify areas for improvement, and enhance the quality of care provided to patients. They may be used as part of continuing medical education (CME), maintenance of certification (MOC) processes, or quality improvement initiatives.
Continuing medical education (CME) refers to the process of ongoing learning and professional development that healthcare professionals engage in throughout their careers. The goal of CME is to enhance knowledge, skills, and performance in order to provide better patient care and improve health outcomes.
CME activities may include a variety of formats such as conferences, seminars, workshops, online courses, journal clubs, and self-study programs. These activities are designed to address specific learning needs and objectives related to clinical practice, research, or healthcare management.
Healthcare professionals are required to complete a certain number of CME credits on a regular basis in order to maintain their licensure, certification, or membership in professional organizations. The content and quality of CME activities are typically overseen by accreditation bodies such as the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) in the United States.
Overall, continuing medical education is an essential component of maintaining competence and staying up-to-date with the latest developments in healthcare.
"Space flight" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in general, it refers to the act of traveling through space, outside of Earth's atmosphere, aboard a spacecraft. This can include trips to the International Space Station (ISS), lunar missions, or travel to other planets and moons within our solar system.
From a medical perspective, space flight presents unique challenges to the human body, including exposure to microgravity, radiation, and isolation from Earth's biosphere. These factors can have significant impacts on various physiological systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, sensory, and immune systems. As a result, space medicine has emerged as a distinct field of study focused on understanding and mitigating these risks to ensure the health and safety of astronauts during space flight.
Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges
Governing boards of colleges and universities in the United States
List of sports governing bodies in Wales
Governing body
Arlington County, Virginia
Steve Laffey
2018 Rhode Island elections
Eugene, Oregon
2014 New York gubernatorial election
Government of the District of Columbia
Berkshire Regional Transit Authority
2018 New York gubernatorial election
2018 Illinois elections
Jane Oakhill
Geoff Richards (professor)
Patricia A. Gabow
Srini Raju
John L. Hennessy
Secretary of state (U.S. state government)
Sir Herbert Leon Academy
Doug Richard
2018 Maryland gubernatorial election
Suri Sehgal
Emma Teeling
Henry E. Brady
Ian Coldwater
Mark Ratner
Gloria Negrete McLeod
Kabarak University
Pankaj Chandra
Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges - Wikipedia
Board Bylaws & Governing Documents
Governing Board
Governing Documents - Board of Trustees
Governing board | INCF
Governing Board / Governing Board
7th Governing Board Meeting of the Global Biodiversity Information
April 2023 IFLA Governing Board meeting - IFLA
Governing boards are too often only mediocre in their performance (essay)
Governing Board / Governing Board
Ill. Admin. Code tit. 77, § 518.1300 - Governing Board | State Regulations | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
DeSantis, appointees to Disney World governing board ask that Disney lawsuit be dismissed
Consolidated Annual Activity Report 2014 including the Governing Board's Analysis and Assessment | CEDEFOP
The Role and Responsibilities of Governing Boards in Response to Student Action: Education Book Chapter | IGI Global
2021 USA Powerlifting National Governing Board Meeting Announcement - USA Powerlifting
State board approves EOU's independent governing proposal | Eastern Oregon University
OpenJDK 2021 Governing Board Election
Governing Board and Advisory Boards | Arkansas State University | Mountain Home, AR
Decolonizing the Humanitarian Nonprofit Sector: Why Governing Boards Are Key | Center For Global Development | Ideas to Action
Iowa Hospital Association Iowa Hospital Trustee and governing board resources
AGB Announces New Guidance for Higher Education Governing Boards to Address Justice, Equity, and Inclusion - AGB
self-governing, self-propagating, and self-supporting churches | The Puritan Board
ACTA Condemns Gallaudet Board's Failure to Govern - American Council of Trustees and Alumni
ECB statement on Luc Coene, Member of the Supervisory Board and former Member of the Governing Council
2019-2020 Bill 4076: Boards appointed by Governor or governing body of higher ed or commissions - South Carolina Legislature...
Executive Committee and Governing Board Meeting - 3/28/18 - Cape Light Compact
An Open Letter to University Presidents, Provosts, and Governing Boards - The Feminist Wire
Muellners Foundation has appointed fintech influencer Prasanna Lohar from India on its governing Board. - Press Release |...
Real Estate Board of New York to the NYC Department of Buildings concerning Proposed Rules Governing Fire Service Access...
20211
- All current USA Powerlifting members are invited to attend the 2021 National Governing Board (NGB) Meeting. (usapowerlifting.com)
Trustees12
- The National Commission on College and University Board Governance was chaired by Philip N. Bredesen Jr., a former governor of Tennessee, and developed a set of recommendations for college trustees to more effectively govern colleges. (wikipedia.org)
- Deer Valley Unified School District is governed by a five-member board of trustees elected by popular vote to alternating four-year terms. (dvusd.org)
- During numerous board assessments that we've conducted over the years, we've asked trustees to provide a letter grade to their board's overall performance. (insidehighered.com)
- Too often trustees do not bring their A game when it comes to board work. (insidehighered.com)
- And at the end of the day (or board meeting), those trustees are able to put aside their differences and move ahead. (insidehighered.com)
- The Board of Trustees governs the Arkansas State University System, consisting of multiple campuses, sites, and centers located throughout the service area of the university. (asumh.edu)
- Members of the Board of Trustees are appointed by the Governor of Arkansas. (asumh.edu)
- A five-member Board of Trustees appointed by the governor governs the system. (asumh.edu)
- We hope this project provides an entry point to understanding who actually governs the humanitarian nonprofit sector, interrogating the factors that have led to the current make-up, and initiating a debate around where and how the sector can improve, by diversifying governing boards and meaningfully balancing the influence of trustees, donors and senior leadership, with participation from aid recipients. (cgdev.org)
- WASHINGTON, DC-On Sunday, in the face of unlawful protests, the Gallaudet University Board of Trustees rescinded its appointment of Jane K. Fernandes as president. (goacta.org)
- The purpose of this guide is to assist governing board trustees in the execution of their most important task: the selection of a president who will lead the institution in the years ahead. (goacta.org)
- Effective board orientation is valuable for new trustees and veteran board members alike. (intrust.org)
Board's7
- The board's constitution is governed by the AFSA bylaws . (afsa.org)
- The Board may vote to convene an Executive Session pursuant to A.R.S. 38-431.03(A)(3) for discussion or consultation for legal advice with the Governing Board's attorney on any items listed on the Agenda. (dvusd.org)
- One or more Governing Board members and/or the Governing Board's attorney may participate by telephonic, video or internet conferencing. (dvusd.org)
- The norms created from that meeting and listed below articulate the governing board's operating values and behaviors, create an understanding of how to productively conduct governing board business and establish the foundational expectations of each individual member for the benefit of the whole governing board and CCUSD community. (ccusd93.org)
- 7. As board members, we acknowledge the Board's role as a policy-making entity that trusts the role of the district leaders. (ccusd93.org)
- Disney sued DeSantis and the five-member board, asking a federal judge to void the governor's takeover of the theme park district, as well as the oversight board's actions, on the grounds they were violations of the company's free speech rights. (ktar.com)
- Secret ballots were used, per the Governing Board's direction. (openjdk.org)
20234
- The next Regular Governing Board meeting is scheduled for September 26, 2023. (dvusd.org)
- On August 22, 2023, the Superintendent and governing board members participated in small and whole group activities aimed at establishing 3-5 collective norms for the CCUSD governing board. (ccusd93.org)
- NDS has announced the schedule for the 2023 Board Election and Annual General Meeting. (nds.org.au)
- Policy approved by the Board of Governors March 28, 2023. (umanitoba.ca)
Bodies4
- The Governing Board, GB, is one of the governing bodies of INCF. (incf.org)
- The GB is responsible for ensuring the financial sustainability of the INCF network and that the activities of the other governing bodies and national nodes align with the mission of INCF. (incf.org)
- If you would like to know more about the individual governing bodies and functionaries, please tick the relevant box in the organization chart. (mpg.de)
- The Athlos Academy of Utah board will have an active, engaged community because we believe parental involvement, business involvement, and constituent involvement enables students to develop prepared minds, healthy bodies, and performance character. (athlosutah.org)
Governance3
- The State Board of Higher Education's Task Force on Governance heard the university's initial request in early March. (eou.edu)
- It advises the Board of Directors, promotes interchange among caucuses, and provides the overall governance for caucuses (section 7.1. (mlanet.org)
- We will review your governance practice through consultation, reviewing documentation and facilitating a self-review session for the governing board. (cbgovernance.co.uk)
Organization7
- Until the early 1960's the Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges was an affiliation of board members who took turns sharing the leadership and guidance needed to sustain an organization. (wikipedia.org)
- The early organization operated as the Association of Governing Boards of State Universities and Allied Institutions, and membership was open to "any college or university in any state, or other political sub-division, which may be recognized by a state as a state university, and such other allied or tax-supported institutions as may be elected to membership. (wikipedia.org)
- The basic responsibilities of a governing board are to set the mission and purpose of the organization, ensure effective planning, select/support and evaluate the chief executive, monitor and strengthen programs and services, ensure adequate financial resources, protect assets and provide financial oversight, build a competent board, ensure legal and ethical integrity and to enhance the organization's public standing. (afsa.org)
- a) A governing authority or Governing Board, hereinafter called the Board, shall be responsible for the organization, management, control and operation of the FEC, including appointment of the medical staff. (cornell.edu)
- b) The organization, duties, responsibilities, and relationships of the Board shall be established by the owning or controlling hospital. (cornell.edu)
- The fourth element of IT Governance's Cyber Resilience Framework includes activities for the board and senior managers to ensure that cyber resilience is overseen and validated from the top of the organization. (itgovernanceusa.com)
- The organization is thus governed by its founding statutes, but the majority of the board members are admitted through AF. (lu.se)
Meetings5
- Note: The Board Meeting dates indicated above are for regularly scheduled Board Meetings for school year 2024. (dvusd.org)
- One trustee we know remarked, "Our board meetings are dog and pony shows, but the administration only trots out the pretty ponies. (insidehighered.com)
- Before I joined the board I wanted OpenJDK GB meetings to be more transparent but I quickly realized that these meetings are not as exciting as you might think and the published meeting minutes accurately and entirely describe what is being discussed. (openjdk.org)
- Iowa Hospital Association member hospitals have used this as a primer for new board members and a refresher for existing board members by using the questions for sparking discussion, building understanding and creating awareness at board meetings. (ihaonline.org)
- Fitting orientation into already-full board meetings can be difficult, but it is important to take time each year to do so. (intrust.org)
Bylaws2
- The terms "caucus" and "Community Council" are working names that can be used in lieu of "section" and "Section Council," respectively, except when used in formal association documents such as the MLA Bylaws, annual reports, and minutes of the Board of Directors and of the Section Council. (mlanet.org)
- Quick links to all Financial governing documents including policies, procedures and bylaws can be found below. (umanitoba.ca)
Members22
- In 1988, AGB and Independent Sector established the National Center for Nonprofit Boards (now BoardSource) to provide information, tools, training, and leadership development for board members of nonprofit organizations. (wikipedia.org)
- The DVUSD governing board consists of a president, a vice-president and three members. (dvusd.org)
- Board members must reside in the Deer Valley District. (dvusd.org)
- Members of the community are welcome to speak during Call to the Public segment of the Regular Governing Board Meeting or at a specific agenda item if requested in advance. (dvusd.org)
- But before the new board came in, the company made agreements with previous oversight board members who were Disney supporters that stripped the new supervisors of their authority over design and construction. (ktar.com)
- Members of the board have attained prominence in their field and are chosen because of their value in providing sound advice and counsel. (asumh.edu)
- They recruit board members and hire senior officers, address internal crises, and design and approve organizational policy. (cgdev.org)
- Characteristics measure diversity , namely the race / ethnicity and gender of board members and whether they come from an aid recipient country. (cgdev.org)
- Only 2 percent of board members have had lived experience as a refugee or surviving another humanitarian crisis, and none are currently aid recipients. (cgdev.org)
- The skills and knowledge board members bring to deliberations are also important to mission success. (cgdev.org)
- What Boards Should Know About Cybersecurity eBook (1-20 users, free to American Hospital Association members/fee for nonmembers). (ihaonline.org)
- On behalf of the members of the Governing Council and the Supervisory Board and the staff of the ECB, I want to express our deep condolences to his family and friends. (europa.eu)
- Nothing in this section prohibits an entity internally from providing members of its governing board with further information in writing which the entity determines will assist its board members in executing the duties of their office. (scstatehouse.gov)
- The Supervisory Board presently consists of the following members. (fh-joanneum.at)
- What are the top concerns for the future of higher education as identified by board members serving at private, nonprofit colleges and universities across the United States? (intrust.org)
- The General Meeting of the members of the Max Planck Society is the principle governing body of the Society. (mpg.de)
- At the General Meeting, the members adopt amendments to the statutes, elect the Senators, receive the Annual Report, audit and approve the annual accounts, and resolve the dissolution of the Board of the Society. (mpg.de)
- Voters in Holmdel, Middletown, Hazlet, Keyport, Matawan and Aberdeen went to the polls on Nov. 5 and elected members of the governing body in their respective municipalities. (centraljersey.com)
- Two incumbent school board members will be joined by a newcomer when the Lawrence Township Public Schools Board. (centraljersey.com)
- Athlos Academy of Utah is governed by a dedicated board comprised of parents and community members. (athlosutah.org)
- The board consists of 7 members and representatives from staff and students at the IIIEE. (lu.se)
- AF's highest decision-making organ, the Supreme Board (Akademiska Föreningens överstyrelse), is made up of members from nations, unions and special members of the Academic Society. (lu.se)
Governors7
- The press was to serve the governed, not the governors. (consortiumnews.com)
- Today they almost always serve the governors-not the governed. (consortiumnews.com)
- The abdication of the mainstream media of their constitutional responsibility to serve the governed and not the governors has left a void filled for more than a decade by WikiLeaks. (consortiumnews.com)
- Approved by the Board of Governors June 28, 2022. (umanitoba.ca)
- Revisions to Policy approved by the Board of Governors on January 29, 2019. (umanitoba.ca)
- Approved by the Board of Governors on September 24, 2019. (umanitoba.ca)
- Parent Governors bring the views of parents to the governing body, but they speak as individuals. (whistonjunior-infant.co.uk)
Agendas3
- Agendas will be posted not less than 24 hours prior to each Board Meeting. (dvusd.org)
- Board meeting agendas with complete Board packet are available here on Boarddocs.com and are posted in the official posting locations at the district office located at 20402 N. 15th Avenue. (dvusd.org)
- All Governing Board agendas are posted at the District Office and on the CCUSD website. (ccusd93.org)
Responsibilities1
- Brumfield, Randall W. "The Role and Responsibilities of Governing Boards in Response to Student Action. (igi-global.com)
Directors4
- This work resulted in the release of the AGB Board of Directors Statement on Justice, Equity, and Inclusion. (wikipedia.org)
- Governing policies are established by the Medical Library Association (MLA) Board of Directors to define guidance regarding how to enable the work of the association. (mlanet.org)
- These policies were approved by the Board of Directors on July xx, 2019, and will take effect on October 1, 2019. (mlanet.org)
- Designation of a derivatives risk manager who reports directly to the fund's board of directors. (srz.com)
20201
- In 2020, AGB launched its Justice, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (JDE&I) Initiative, recognizing the urgency for governing boards to examine and address systemic barriers in their own work, at all levels of the institution, and beyond the borders of the campus. (wikipedia.org)
Search1
- The Gallaudet board undertook an inclusive search and selected the candidate it believed most capable of leading the institution forward. (goacta.org)
Governor1
- Since 2003, Luc has closely worked with the ECB in various roles-as Vice-Governor and Governor of the National Bank of Belgium and as ECB Representative Member of the Supervisory Board. (europa.eu)
Universities and Colleges2
- The Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges (AGB) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) U.S. higher education association established in 1921. (wikipedia.org)
- The article was written primarily for boards of universities and colleges, but it goes right to the heart of what it will take to lead a seminary through the next 30 or 40 years. (intrust.org)
Oversight1
- To provide oversight and timely updates to the EWRI governing documents. (asce.org)
Supervisory Board2
- Danièle Nouy, Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, added: "Luc was a dedicated and valued member of the Supervisory Board. (europa.eu)
- In May 2002 a Supervisory Board was established, which discharges its duties pursuant to the law on limited liability companies, the stipulations of the shareholders' agreement, and shareholder resolutions. (fh-joanneum.at)
Committees2
Duties1
- One of the most important duties of college governing boards is to select the university president. (goacta.org)
Executive Committee3
- Similarly, too often boards only learn about issues after they have already been decided, either by an overly powerful executive committee or the administration. (insidehighered.com)
- The Cape Light Compact JPE Executive Committee and Governing Board will meet Wednesday, March 28, 2018 in the Martha's Vineyard Conference Room, 261 Whites Path, Unit #4, South Yarmouth, MA 02664 from 12:00-4:30 pm. (capelightcompact.org)
- Both the Secretary General and the Executive Committee make up the Board of the Max Planck Society. (mpg.de)
Administrative board1
- The student estate in Skanör is a foundation that belongs to AF, but runs by an administrative board and special foreman. (lu.se)
Authority1
- and governing within the limits of the delegation of state authority as a non-profit and public school board. (athlosutah.org)
Regulations1
- Operating within the laws of the state legislature, and the rules and regulations of the state Board of Education, the board sets policy for the management of the district. (dvusd.org)
Representatives3
- The AFSA Governing Board is elected by the membership every two years and is composed of representatives from each AFSA constituency. (afsa.org)
- It is composed of representatives from the Governing Node and observers from the CTSI and European Commission. (incf.org)
- Board of FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences, established pursuant to Sec. 10 (2) of the Universities of Applied Sciences Act (FHG) includes the Head of the Board, his/her Deputy, representatives from the heads of degree programmes, representatives from the teaching and research staff and student representatives. (fh-joanneum.at)
Behaviors1
- Many boards believe that behaviors that worked sufficiently in the past will continue to serve the board and the institution today and into the future. (insidehighered.com)
Secretary3
- Anyone who wishes to speak must submit a Public Comment request form and submit to the Governing Board Secretary before the start of the Board meeting at 7:00 p.m. (dvusd.org)
- If you have any difficulty viewing the Board meeting from the website or link provided, please contact Governing Board Secretary at [email protected] . (dvusd.org)
- The Secretary General acts as Secretary of the Governing Board. (ifla.org)
Institution6
- We love this institution, but I'm not sure we really know how to govern well. (insidehighered.com)
- While they may well deserve their negative spotlight, most boards are not dysfunctional -- they simply can do more to add more value and be an asset to the institution they govern. (insidehighered.com)
- Furthermore, if the right people are on the board, the institution is missing a key opportunity for their input. (insidehighered.com)
- The institution needed to increase enrollment and posed that issue to the board. (insidehighered.com)
- Ultimately, the board allowed the institution to be governed by the heckler's veto. (goacta.org)
- It's imperative that the board take time to learn from this pathetic episode, and reestablish credibility in and outside the institution-most particularly with Congress, which appropriates 70 percent of Gallaudet's budget. (goacta.org)
University8
- Recent recipients include the boards of Colorado Mountain College, Holyoke Community College Foundation, Texas Christian University, Utah State University Foundation, and Xavier University of Louisiana. (wikipedia.org)
- His observation was sad, but true -- and one that could easily apply to many college and university governing boards. (insidehighered.com)
- Why do college and university boards underperform? (insidehighered.com)
- The boards in the headlines are often those that are dysfunctional (think Penn State or the University of Virginia). (insidehighered.com)
- This chapter outlines the issues associated with free speech and student activism, and how contemporary practices adopted by college and university governing boards facilitate learning environments that protect and promote First Amendment ideals. (igi-global.com)
- Davies devoted recent months gathering input from university and community groups, which aided his decision in selecting and recommending an appropriate governing structure for EOU. (eou.edu)
- EOU and the other regional and technical universities in Oregon began exploring options following the 2013 passage of Senate Bill 270, which created governing boards for the University of Oregon, Oregon State University and Portland State University. (eou.edu)
- The IIIEE is governed by a Board appointed jointly by Lund University and the Government of Sweden. (lu.se)
Facilitate1
- My goal in the OpenJDK project, not just the Governing Board, is to facilitate the work of every contributor. (openjdk.org)
Colleges3
- The association also published the Principles of Trusteeship, and Policies, Practices, and Composition of Governing Boards of Colleges, Universities, and Institutionally Related Foundations, a report that builds on data that AGB has gathered since 1969. (wikipedia.org)
- AGB's membership includes the governing boards of approximately 2,000 community colleges, public and private institutions, research universities, and liberal arts colleges. (wikipedia.org)
- At a time when colleges and universities face unprecedented challenges, boards are not adding the value that is crucial to institutional success, write Cathy Trower and Peter Eckel. (insidehighered.com)
Documents1
- Our agenda and other board documents are served from Boarddocs.com. (dvusd.org)
Matters2
- These recommendations were published under the name, Consequential Boards: Adding Value Where It Matters Most. (wikipedia.org)
- In some instances, the administration does not involve the board in important and meaty matters. (insidehighered.com)
Body4
- They are voted on at the National Governing Body Meeting which is held in conjunction with Men's National Championships. (usapowerlifting.com)
- The local Board of Visitors serves as an external advisory body to the Chancellor. (asumh.edu)
- They have equal status in the work of the governing body with voting rights. (whistonjunior-infant.co.uk)
- The supreme decision-making body for WHO is the World Health Assembly, supported by the Executive Board. (who.int)
Sessions1
- The sessions can be delivered in-school at a time and date convenient to your governing board or cluster. (cbgovernance.co.uk)
Leadership3
- The award recognizes higher education governing boards that have demonstrated innovation and leadership. (wikipedia.org)
- How does the board ensure strong and effective executive leadership? (ihaonline.org)
- If your school is in transition now, or if you've recently completed a leadership change - or even if you are not even considering one - the issue of leadership transition ought to be a part of regular board discussions. (intrust.org)
Effectively1
- The purpose of a health check is to work with a governing board to determine whether it is operating efficiently and effectively. (cbgovernance.co.uk)
Representation1
- There is no ideal model for representation in governing boards that could apply to the breadth of organizations that deliver humanitarian aid. (cgdev.org)
Legislation1
- As punishment, DeSantis took over the district through legislation passed by Florida lawmakers and appointed a new board of supervisors to oversee municipal services for the sprawling theme parks and hotels. (ktar.com)
Behalf1
- If you are a member of AFSA, we hope you will also consider serving on a future AFSA Governing Board, working on behalf of your colleagues for a two-year term. (afsa.org)
Meeting6
- The agenda will be posted on the DVUSD Website Governing Boardpage & BoardDocs prior to the meeting date. (dvusd.org)
- The Regular Board Meeting will start at 7:00 p.m. with an Awards & Recognition segment at 6:30 p.m. (dvusd.org)
- The Board may take action in open meeting on any item that was the subject of the Executive Session held at this Board Meeting. (dvusd.org)
- LA GRANDE, Ore. (EOU) - The State Board of Higher Education endorsed with conditions Eastern Oregon University's request for an independent governing board today during its meeting in Portland. (eou.edu)
- If the answer is less than half of the meeting time, then your board is like many others. (intrust.org)
- AAU Board Meeting Dates for 23-24 are generally the fourth Wednesday of each month at 4:00 p.m. (athlosutah.org)
Nonprofit1
- Having humanitarian expertise represented on the governing boards, along with administrative and nonprofit management experience, could guide organizations operating in difficult contexts. (cgdev.org)
Policies1
- Policies include local ordinances which are passed by local governing authorities. (cdc.gov)
Independent gover1
- It became very clear that having an independent governing board for Eastern will maximize our ability to manage and fulfill our mission," Davies explained. (eou.edu)
Policy3
- It has been the policy of AFSA boards to seek to be as diverse and representative as possible. (afsa.org)
- Public Comment requests will be accepted from all stakeholders waiting to enter but limited to a max of 3 minutes per comment or 30 minute overall limit total per Governing Policy BEDH. (dvusd.org)
- This is the policy-making governing board. (asumh.edu)
Higher education2
- In 2013, AGB formed a commission of former and current leaders to reexamine how boards and regents govern higher education. (wikipedia.org)
- Today the full State Board of Higher Education voted to endorse Davies' recommendation with conditions, which will be agreed on over the next 45 days. (eou.edu)
Membership2
Association2
- The Iowa Hospital Association offers three events annually that focus on trustee and board education. (ihaonline.org)
- The Board with the president of the Academic Society has the ultimate responsibility for the association. (lu.se)
Community3
- The OpenJDK Governing Board oversees the structure and operation of the OpenJDK Community. (openjdk.org)
- Last year was my first year serving on the OpenJDK Governing Board and it was an honor to represent the community and to some degree my employer Twitter as well. (openjdk.org)
- How does the board build lasting community partnerships? (ihaonline.org)
Found2
Year1
- The DeSantis appointees took over the Disney World governing board earlier this year following a "Don't Say Gay. (ktar.com)