Cypriniformes
Optic Nerve
The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Retina
The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.
Tectum Mesencephali
Superior Colliculi
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
The 8th cranial nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve has a cochlear part (COCHLEAR NERVE) which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part (VESTIBULAR NERVE) which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS). The fibers of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI.
Saccule and Utricle
Two membranous sacs within the vestibular labyrinth of the INNER EAR. The saccule communicates with COCHLEAR DUCT through the ductus reuniens, and communicates with utricle through the utriculosaccular duct from which the ENDOLYMPHATIC DUCT arises. The utricle and saccule have sensory areas (acoustic maculae) which are innervated by the VESTIBULAR NERVE.
Gills
Plasticity of first-order sensory synapses: interactions between homosynaptic long-term potentiation and heterosynaptically evoked dopaminergic potentiation. (1/760)
Persistent potentiations of the chemical and electrotonic components of the eighth nerve (NVIII) EPSP recorded in vivo in the goldfish reticulospinal neuron, the Mauthner cell, can be evoked by afferent tetanization or local dendritic application of an endogenous transmitter, dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine). These modifications are attributable to the activation of distinct intracellular kinase cascades. Although dopamine-evoked potentiation (DEP) is mediated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), tetanization most likely activates a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase via an increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration. We present evidence that the eighth nerve tetanus that induces LTP does not act by triggering dopamine release, because it is evoked in the presence of a broad spectrum of dopamine antagonists. To test for interactions between these pathways, we applied the potentiating paradigms sequentially. When dopamine was applied first, tetanization produced additional potentiation of the mixed synaptic response, but when the sequence was reversed, DEP was occluded, indicating that the synapses potentiated by the two procedures belong to the same or overlapping populations. Experiments were conducted to determine interactions between the underlying regulatory mechanisms and the level of their convergence. Inhibiting PKA does not impede tetanus-induced LTP, and chelating postsynaptic Ca2+ with BAPTA does not block DEP, indicating that the initial steps of the induction processes are independent. Pharmacological and voltage-clamp analyses indicate that the two pathways converge on functional AMPA/kainate receptors for the chemically mediated EPSP and gap junctions for the electrotonic component or at intermediaries common to both pathways. A cellular model incorporating these interactions is proposed on the basis of differential modulation of synaptic responses via receptor-protein phosphorylation. (+info)Two gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor subtypes with distinct ligand selectivity and differential distribution in brain and pituitary in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). (2/760)
In the goldfish (Carassius auratus) the two endogenous forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), namely chicken GnRH II ([His5, Trp7,Tyr8]GnRH) and salmon GnRH ([Trp7,Leu8]GnRH), stimulate the release of both gonadotropins and growth hormone from the pituitary. This control is thought to occur by means of the stimulation of distinct GnRH receptors. These receptors can be distinguished on the basis of differential gonadotropin and growth hormone releasing activities of naturally occurring GnRHs and GnRHs with variant amino acids in position 8. We have cloned the cDNAs of two GnRH receptors, GfA and GfB, from goldfish brain and pituitary. Although the receptors share 71% identity, there are marked differences in their ligand selectivity. Both receptors are expressed in the pituitary but are differentially expressed in the brain, ovary, and liver. Thus we have found and cloned two full-length cDNAs that appear to correspond to different forms of GnRH receptor, with distinct pharmacological characteristics and tissue distribution, in a single species. (+info)Whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of Myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. (3/760)
Scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the first 60 min after their exposure to the triactinomyxon spores of Myxobolus cerebralis. The results demonstrated that as early as 1 min post exposure the whole process, from the attachment of the triactinomyxon spores to the complete penetration of their sporoplasm germs, had occurred. The triactinomyxon spores sought out the secretory openings of mucous cells of the epidermis, the respiratory epithelium and the buccal cavity of trout and used them as portals of entry. Exposure experiments of the triactinomyxon spores of M. cerebralis to non-salmonid fish, such as goldfish Carassius auratus, carp Cyprinus carpio, nose Chondrostoma nasus, medaka Oryzias latipes, guppy Poecilia reticulata and also the amphibian tadpole Rana pipiens as well as to rainbow trout fry indicated a specificity for salmonids. Attempts to activate the triactinomyxon spores by exposure to mucus prepared from cyprinid and salmonid fish showed no significant differences from those conducted in tap water. The results suggest that the simultaneous presence of both mechano- and chemotactic stimuli was required for finding the salmonid fish host. (+info)Fish macrophages express a cyclo-oxygenase-2 homologue after activation. (4/760)
In mammals, the increased generation of prostaglandins (PG) during the onset of inflammatory responses and activation of immune cell types has been attributed to the induction of a novel cyclo-oxygenase (COX) isoform, termed COX-2, which is distinct from the well-characterized constitutive activity (COX-1). Goldfish (Carassius auratus) macrophages exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and leucocyte-derived macrophage-activating factor(s) showed a significant increase in the generation of the major COX product, PGE2, within the first 6 h of stimulation. The selective COX-2 inhibitor, NS398, inhibited this elevated generation of PGE, whereas the basal level of this product synthesized by unstimulated macrophages was unaffected by such exposure. PGE generation by goldfish macrophages was similarly inhibited by the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, and an inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide, suggesting that this stimulation may be due to an inducible enzyme equivalent to mammalian COX-2. The complete coding sequence of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) COX-2 was obtained by PCR. The gene contains a 61 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1821 bp open reading frame and a 771 bp 3'UTR containing multiple copies of an mRNA instability motif (ATTTA). The predicted translation product had high homology to known mammalian and chicken COX-2 (83-84%) and COX-1 (77%) sequences. Reverse-transcriptase PCR with cDNA from control and bacterially challenged fish revealed that trout COX-2 expression was not constitutive but could be induced. Overall, these studies show for the first time that the inducible isoform of COX has a long evolutionary history, probably dating back to the evolution of fish over 500 million years ago. (+info)The safety and longevity of DNA vaccines for fish. (5/760)
A plasmid that contained the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-promoter-driven lacZ reporter gene (pCMV-lacZ) remained in the epaxial muscle of five of eight goldfish as covalently closed circles, the most functional form of plasmid, for at least 70 days at 22 degrees. It was not present in the gills or elsewhere by polymerase chain reaction and was not integrated. Its expressed protein, Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), which was in the injected myofibres, was detected in all the fish at 4-21 days and in about half the fish from 28 days until the end of the experiment at 70 days. The numbers of cells that secreted antibody to beta-gal in the kidney peaked at 14 days. Serum antibody and proliferating kidney cells to beta-gal were in all fish from 14 days with a plateau of the responses from 21 days onwards. The plasmid did not induce autoimmune-like antibodies to itself or to single- or double-stranded salmon testis DNA. Plasmids can therefore induce long-term foreign protein expression whilst inducing humoral and cell-mediated immunity without autoimmunity or integration in goldfish. (+info)Identification of serum GH-binding proteins in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and comparison with mammalian GH-binding proteins. (6/760)
The present study constitutes the characterization of a specific, high-affinity GH-binding protein (GHBP) in the serum of a teleost, the goldfish (Carassius auratus). GH-binding assay and ligand blotting techniques were employed to identify GHBPs in goldfish serum and hepatocyte culture medium. The binding characteristics and apparent molecular weights (Mr) of goldfish GHBPs were also compared with those of rabbit and rat. LIGAND analysis identified a single class of high-affinity and low-capacity binding sites for iodinated recombinant carp GH (rcGH) in the goldfish serum, with an association constant (Ka) of 20.1x10(9) M-1 and a maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of 161 fmol ml-1 serum. A single class of binding sites for iodinated recombinant sea bream GH and bovine GH (bGH) was also found in goldfish serum, but with a much lower affinity than that of rcGH. The binding affinity for iodinated bGH in rabbit and rat sera was found to be similar to that reported previously. Ligand blotting revealed multiple forms of GHBPs in sera of goldfish, rabbit and rat with Mr ranging from 70 kDa to 400 kDa and 27 kDa to 240 kDa under non-reducing and reducing conditions respectively. A prominent band with Mr of 66 kDa and a minor band with Mr of 27 kDa were observed to occur in sera from all three species under reducing conditions. Iodoacetamide promoted the shedding of three GHBPs with Mr of 25, 40 and 45 kDa from the cultured goldfish hepatocytes. The appearance of all bands was completely inhibited by the presence of excess unlabeled rcGH. Our results provide clear evidence that a GHBP exists in the goldfish and indicate that more information on teleost GHBPs is needed if the physiology of growth in teleosts is to be fully understood. (+info)A zinc-dependent Cl- current in neuronal somata. (7/760)
Extracellular Zn2+ modulates current passage through voltage- and neurotransmitter-gated ion channels, at concentrations less than, or near, those produced by release at certain synapses. Electrophysiological effects of cytoplasmic Zn2+ are less well understood, and effects have been observed at concentrations that are orders of magnitude greater than those found in resting and stimulated neurons. To examine whether and how neurons are affected by lower levels of cytoplasmic Zn2+, we tested the effect of Zn2+-selective chelators, Zn2+-preferring ionophores, and exogenous Zn2+ on neuronal somata during whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We report here that cytoplasmic zinc facilitates the downward regulation of a background Cl- conductance by an endogenous protein kinase C (PKC) in fish retinal ganglion cell somata and that this regulation is maintained if nanomolar levels of free Zn2+ are available. This regulation has not been described previously in any tissue, as other Cl- currents have been described as reduced by PKC alone, reduced by Zn2+ alone, or reduced by both independently. Moreover, control of cation currents by a zinc-dependent PKC has not been reported previously. The regulation we have observed thus provides the first electrophysiological measurements consistent with biochemical measurements of zinc-dependent PKC activity in other systems. These results suggest that contributions of background Cl- conductances to electrical properties of neurons are susceptible to modulation. (+info)The feedback pathway from horizontal cells to cones. A mini review with a look ahead. (8/760)
The feedback pathway from HCs to cones forms the basis of the surround responses of the bipolar cells and is essential for the spectral opponency of horizontal cells. The nature of this feedback pathway is an issue of debate. Three hypothesis are presented in literature: (1) a GABAA-ergic feedback pathway; (2) a GABA-independent feedback pathway that modulates the Ca-current in cones; and (3) an electrical feedback pathway. In this review the evidence for the various pathways will be discussed. The conclusion is that the available evidence favors the hypothesis that feedback modulates the Ca-current in the cones in a GABA independent way. An alternative role of GABA in the outer plexiform layer is discussed and finally the functional consequences of the negative feedback pathway from horizontal cells to cones are presented. (+info)A "Goldfish" is not a medical term, but a common name for a type of ornamental fish (Carassius auratus), which shares similarities with other aquatic species in biological structure and care, but does not have specific medical relevance to human health.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Goldfish" is not a term used in medical definitions. Goldfish are small domesticated fish that are often kept as pets. They belong to the family Cyprinidae and the genus Carassius. The most common species of goldfish is Carassius auratus. If you have any questions about goldfish or their care, I might be able to help with some general information, but for specific medical concerns, it would be best to consult a veterinarian.
Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish that includes carps, minnows, and barbs, characterized by the absence of teeth in the upper jaw and having a complex Weberian apparatus for sound transmission (in most species).
Cyprinidae is a family of fish that includes carps, minnows, and barbs. It is the largest family of freshwater fish, with over 2,400 species found worldwide, particularly in Asia and Europe. These fish are characterized by their lack of teeth on the roof of their mouths and have a single dorsal fin. Some members of this family are economically important as food fish or for aquarium trade.
Cypriniformes is a taxonomic order of freshwater fish, including carps, minnows, and loaches, characterized by the absence of maxillary bones and the presence of a Weberian apparatus for sound transmission. (Note: This is a scientific definition from the field of taxonomy and ichthyology.)
Cypriniformes is an order of freshwater fish that includes carps, minnows, and loaches. These fish are characterized by the presence of a single pair of barbels near their mouths and the absence of teeth on their jaws. They are found primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia. Some well-known examples of Cypriniformes include the common carp, goldfish, and zebrafish. These fish are often used as model organisms in scientific research due to their relatively small size, ease of breeding, and genetic similarity to humans.
Fish proteins are nutritional components derived from various fish species, typically consisting of muscle tissue and other edible parts, which have undergone processing to extract the protein fractions for human consumption or industrial applications.
"Fish proteins" are not a recognized medical term or concept. However, fish is a source of protein that is often consumed in the human diet and has been studied in various medical and nutritional contexts. According to the USDA FoodData Central database, a 100-gram serving of cooked Atlantic salmon contains approximately 25 grams of protein.
Proteins from fish, like other animal proteins, are complete proteins, meaning they contain all nine essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. Fish proteins have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their role in muscle growth and repair, immune function, and cardiovascular health.
It's worth noting that some people may have allergies to fish or seafood, which can cause a range of symptoms from mild skin irritation to severe anaphylaxis. If you suspect you have a fish allergy, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.
The optic nerve is the second cranial nerve, which transmits visual information from the retina to the brain, specifically to the visual cortex, where it gets processed into vision.
The optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. It is composed of approximately one million nerve fibers that carry signals related to vision, such as light intensity and color, from the eye's photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) to the visual cortex in the brain. The optic nerve is responsible for carrying this visual information so that it can be processed and interpreted by the brain, allowing us to see and perceive our surroundings. Damage to the optic nerve can result in vision loss or impairment.
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells which convert incoming light into electrical signals, subsequently processed by the nervous system to produce visual perception.
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some cephalopods. It receives light that has been focused by the cornea and lens, converts it into neural signals, and sends these to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina contains several types of photoreceptor cells including rods (which handle vision in low light) and cones (which are active in bright light and are capable of color vision).
In medical terms, any pathological changes or diseases affecting the retinal structure and function can lead to visual impairment or blindness. Examples include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa among others.
The tectum mesencephali, also known as the midbrain tectum or colliculi, is a paired structure located on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain, consisting of the inferior and superior colliculi, involved in auditory and visual processing, respectively, and contributing to sensorimotor integration and reflexive ocular movements.
The "tectum mesencephali" is a term used in anatomy to refer to the roof or dorsal portion of the midbrain, which is a part of the brainstem. It plays a crucial role in visual and auditory processing, as well as motor coordination. The tectum mesencephali contains several important structures, including the superior colliculi and the inferior colliculi, which are involved in the reflexive responses to visual and auditory stimuli, respectively. Additionally, the tectum mesencephali is connected to various other regions of the brain, allowing for the integration of sensory information and the coordination of motor responses.
The superior colliculi are paired structures located on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain, functioning as a part of the visual and auditory pathways, involved in the control of eye movements and spatial attention.
The superior colliculi are a pair of prominent eminences located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain, forming part of the tectum or roof of the midbrain. They play a crucial role in the integration and coordination of visual, auditory, and somatosensory information for the purpose of directing spatial attention and ocular movements. Essentially, they are involved in the reflexive orienting of the head and eyes towards novel or significant stimuli in the environment.
In a more detailed medical definition, the superior colliculi are two rounded, convex mounds of gray matter that are situated on the roof of the midbrain, specifically at the level of the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. Each superior colliculus has a stratified laminated structure, consisting of several layers that process different types of sensory information and control specific motor outputs.
The superficial layers of the superior colliculi primarily receive and process visual input from the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus, and other visual areas in the brain. These layers are responsible for generating spatial maps of the visual field, which allow for the localization and identification of visual stimuli.
The intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculi receive and process auditory and somatosensory information from various sources, including the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus, and ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. These layers are involved in the localization and identification of auditory and tactile stimuli, as well as the coordination of head and eye movements towards these stimuli.
The superior colliculi also contain a population of neurons called "motor command neurons" that directly control the muscles responsible for orienting the eyes, head, and body towards novel or significant sensory events. These motor command neurons are activated in response to specific patterns of activity in the sensory layers of the superior colliculus, allowing for the rapid and automatic orientation of attention and gaze towards salient stimuli.
In summary, the superior colliculi are a pair of structures located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain that play a critical role in the integration and coordination of visual, auditory, and somatosensory information for the purpose of orienting attention and gaze towards salient stimuli. They contain sensory layers that generate spatial maps of the environment, as well as motor command neurons that directly control the muscles responsible for orienting the eyes, head, and body.
Nerve regeneration is the process of regrowth and restoration of functional connections between nerves, their cells, and targets, following damage or injury to the nervous system.
Nerve regeneration is the process of regrowth and restoration of functional nerve connections following damage or injury to the nervous system. This complex process involves various cellular and molecular events, such as the activation of support cells called glia, the sprouting of surviving nerve fibers (axons), and the reformation of neural circuits. The goal of nerve regeneration is to enable the restoration of normal sensory, motor, and autonomic functions impaired due to nerve damage or injury.
The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII), is a paired afferent sensory nerve responsible for transmitting both auditory information from the cochlea and vestibular information related to balance and spatial orientation from the inner ear to the brain.
The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the auditory-vestibular nerve or cranial nerve VIII, is a paired peripheral nerve that transmits sensory information from the inner ear to the brain. It has two distinct parts: the cochlear part and the vestibular part.
The cochlear part is responsible for hearing and transmits sound signals from the cochlea to the brain. The vestibular part, on the other hand, is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation by transmitting information about head movement and position from the vestibular apparatus (utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals) in the inner ear to the brain.
Together, these two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve play a crucial role in our ability to hear and maintain balance. Damage to this nerve can result in hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (dizziness), or balance problems.
The saccule and utricle are otolith organs within the inner ear's vestibular system, responsible for detecting linear acceleration and head tilt through the deflection of otoconia on their sensory hair cells.
The saccule and utricle are components of the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation within the inner ear. Here are the medical definitions:
1. Saccule: A small sac-like structure located in the vestibular labyrinth of the inner ear. It is one of the two otolith organs (the other being the utricle) that detect linear acceleration and gravity. The saccule contains hair cells with stereocilia, which are embedded in a gelatinous matrix containing calcium carbonate crystals called otoconia. When the head changes position or moves linearly, the movement of these otoconia stimulates the hair cells, sending signals to the brain about the direction and speed of the motion.
2. Utricle: Another sac-like structure in the vestibular labyrinth, similar to the saccule but slightly larger. The utricle is also an otolith organ that detects linear acceleration and head tilts. It contains hair cells with stereocilia embedded in a gelatinous matrix filled with otoconia. When the head tilts or moves linearly, the movement of the otoconia stimulates the hair cells, providing information about the position and motion of the head to the brain.
In summary, both the saccule and utricle are essential for maintaining balance and spatial orientation by detecting linear acceleration and gravity through the movement of otoconia on their hair cell receptors.
'Gills' are specialized respiratory organs, typically found in aquatic organisms such as fish and amphibians, that allow them to extract dissolved oxygen from water and excrete waste products like carbon dioxide.
Gills are specialized respiratory organs found in many aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and some mollusks. They are typically thin, feathery structures that increase the surface area for gas exchange between the water and the animal's bloodstream. Gills extract oxygen from water while simultaneously expelling carbon dioxide.
In fish, gills are located in the gill chamber, which is covered by opercula or protective bony flaps. Water enters through the mouth, flows over the gills, and exits through the opercular openings. The movement of water over the gills allows for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the gill filaments and lamellae, which are the thin plates where gas exchange occurs.
Gills contain a rich supply of blood vessels, allowing for efficient transport of oxygen to the body's tissues and removal of carbon dioxide. The counter-current flow of water and blood in the gills ensures that the concentration gradient between the water and the blood is maximized, enhancing the efficiency of gas exchange.
'Carps' is a common name that refers to various species of freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, characterized by barbels around their mouth and a stout body, but it does not have a specific medical definition.
I cannot provide a medical definition for "carps" as it is not a term used in medicine. The term "carp" refers to a type of freshwater fish that belongs to the family Cyprinidae. If you meant to ask about something else, please provide more context or clarify your question.
Goldfish - Wikipedia
Goldfish Types - Description of 50 plus varieties of goldfish with pictures Bristol Aquarists Society: Goldfish - Photographs ... These include the common goldfish, comet goldfish and Shubunkin. Wen - Goldfish having a tail, e.g., Fantails and Veiltails (" ... The lifespan of goldfish in captivity can extend beyond 10 years. If left in the dark for a period of time, goldfish gradually ... Goldfish released into the wild have become an invasive pest in parts of North America. Native to China, the goldfish is a ...
drowning goldfish | FanFiction
Goldfish food - Everything2.com
... flakes are not the best food for your goldfish. Tropical flakes contain the wrong proportions of nutrients and can kill them... ... To keep your goldfish healthy (aside from not keeping em in a bowl and keeping their water clean), they need variety. How ... In the wild they would have eaten all sorts of things! Goldfish are herbivores and thus really get a kick out of:. *Peas ( ... Contrary to popular belief, flakes are not the best food for your goldfish. Tropical flakes contain the wrong proportions of ...
Goldfish : Target
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Goldfish. Find Objects » Games » Surfnetkids
Gold Fish - Fred Meyer
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Goldfish - New World Encyclopedia
Goldfish, like all fish that are kept as pets, do not like to be petted. In fact, touching a goldfish can be quite dangerous to ... A Troubling of Goldfish. Retrieved March 30, 2017.. *Pearce, L. 2001. The "Common" Goldfish. Federation of British Aquatic ... Goldfish may also lose their "golden" color, or rather any goldfish color, by being kept in a dark room. There are also ... Goldfish Information. Retrieved March 30, 2017.. *Winter, T. J. 2005. Population size, growth, and control of exotic goldfish ( ...
Goldfish - Collections
Goldfish - Collections
If You Want To Achieve Extreme Productivity, Don't Be A Goldfish
My answer is always the same: Dont be a goldfish. ... 1) Dont be a goldfish. Now, Im not sure if its biologically ... The larger the tank, the larger the goldfish.. The same principle applies to our lives. The more room we allow ourselves for ... Now, if you want to avoid becoming a goldfish, you must embrace some form of essentialism. The concept of essentialism can be ... The key to not becoming a goldfish is to impose strict deadlines and requirements on yourself for every task you undertake. You ...
Goldfish Bully - agression | Ask MetaFilter
Goldfish Bully. April 20, 2005 9:37 AM Subscribe. How do I keep one goldfish from terrorizing another? I have two goldfish in a ... Resetting a goldfish tank February 11, 2014. How does one care for fancy goldfish? April 18, 2008. Moving a goldfish into a new ... A five gallon tank for two goldfish is too small. Goldfish need more space than you think; ten gallons, minimum, per goldfish. ... Goldfish Paradise is a pretty good forum for goldfish questions. But beware, they will flame you for keeping fish in anything ...
Goldfish
Goldfish Ceramic Pet Bowl Suck UK
Fool your pets into thinking a real goldfish is swimming in their water bowl. The 3-dimensional, hand-painted ceramic goldfish ... Fool your pets into thinking a real goldfish is swimming in their water bowl. The 3-dimensional, hand-painted ceramic goldfish ... The 3-dimensional, hand-painted ceramic goldfish sitting at the bottom of the dish will convince even the canniest cat that ... " : "Goldfish Ceramic Pet Bowl", "item_author" : [" "], "item_description" : "Fool your pets into thinking a real goldfish is ...
Goldfish crackers launches two new flavors
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goldfish - The Reykjavik Grapevine
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Goldfish × Crucian Carp - Collections
McCormick's latest Old Bay mashup: Goldfish crackers - WTOP News
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10-year old goldfish undergoes surgery to remove a tumor | ScienceBlogs
George (the goldfish) had developed a rather large tumor over the past year and the owners loved the fish so much, they spent $ ... George (the goldfish) had developed a rather large tumor over the past year and the owners loved the fish so much, they spent $ ... Owners of the gold fish are going to be very happy. There is a chance of buying more fishes as pets.. ... The down side is that parents no longer get to flush the goldfish because nothing could be done. The kids are going to Google ...
PHOTOS: Massive goldfish found in Burnsville lake | kare11.com
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Necklace with Goldfish pendant | Lanvin Official Website
The Octonauts and The Growing Goldfish - HarperCollins
The Octonauts and The Growing Goldfish. Wed love you to buy this book, and hope you find this page convenient in locating a ... The Octonauts meet Dunkie, a goldfish who cant stop growing. Finding an ocean big enough for him seems to be an impossible ... The Octonauts meet Dunkie, a goldfish who cant stop growing. Finding an ocean big enough for him seems to be an impossible ...
Giant goldfish, possible 20-pounder, stuns fisherman
His sister posted a photo of Anderson holding the massive goldfish on social media, with a caption jokingly wondering whether ... Avid fisherman Hunter Anderson believes the huge goldfish he caught weighed at least 20 pounds, according to WKYT-TV. ... Its unclear whether the fish is actually a giant goldfish or more likely a large carp or koi. ... it was a pet goldfish that was flushed down a toilet years ago. ...
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SXSW 2015 Event Schedule
Their genre-defying mix of live instruments, House beats and searing live performances has seen Goldfish go from impromtu jams ... Their genre-defying mix of live instruments, House beats and searing live performances has seen Goldfish go from impromtu jams ... that garnered millions of online views for its hilarious and ground breaking animation work that has become a Goldfish ...
Skateboarding Blog | Gold Fish | Crailtap
Best goldfish food | CIProud.com
Picking the right goldfish food is an important part of creating a long, healthy life for your fish. ... Goldfish food FAQ. How often should you feed a goldfish? A. You should feed your goldfish small meals two to three times a day ... What to know before you buy goldfish food. Types of goldfish food. Youll find three main types of goldfish food: *Flakes: This ... Fat: Since goldfish get a lot of energy from fat, fats and other lipids should make up about 5%-10% of a decent goldfish food. ...
Whos Next Stock Photo - Download Image Now - Glass - Material, Fish, Goldfish - iStock
Videos: The Von Tramps: "Goldfish Memories" | Punknews.org
Tetra Fin Goldfish Food 1 ounce
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Trained goldfishes - Snotr
Goldfishes obeying the commands of a creepy Japanese guy. ... Trained goldfishes. Goldfishes obeying the commands of a creepy ... if you can train a goldfish with only three seconds of memory. Thats actually been proven to be incorrect.. Its us humans ... if you can train a goldfish with only three seconds of memory.....what cant you train? ... This looks to be fake.Goldfish cant be trained to do anything. ...
CarassiusCrackersVarietiesCarpAquariumAquariumsMassive goldfishQuality goldfishFlakesPelletsPondsCaught 28DiggersColorsPellet foodPondSpeciesNegativelyFishPoundsSnacksGallonsCarnivalSearchBowlFancyLargeBurnsvilleSizeShrimpSmallGrowIngredientsTimeFoodOptimalLiveEggsVariationsAccommodateInvasiveTypesWaterTankPageGoodPopularBeneficialVideoLatestNaturalImportantStatusDiet
Carassius7
- The Goldfish (Carassius auratus) is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. (wikipedia.org)
- Previously, the goldfish was believed to be either a subspecies of the crucian carp (Carassius carassius), or of the Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio). (wikipedia.org)
- Goldfish can hybridize with some other Carassius species of carp. (wikipedia.org)
- Goldfish is the common name for a freshwater fish , Carassius auratus, of the carp or minnow family, Cyprinidae, that is native to East Asia and has been domesticated and developed into many ornamental breeds for aquariums and water gardens. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Particularly well-known species include the common carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and zebra danio or zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), the latter used extensively in genetic research (Nelson 1994). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- In order to determine their preference for dark or bright environments, goldfishes ( Carassius auratus) were tested in an aquarium, in which they could swim out of a start compartment either into a black or into a white compartment. (bvsalud.org)
- Myxobolus lentisuturalis is a myxozoan parasite of piscine muscle that has been described in goldfish Carassius auratus and Prussian carp Carassius gibelio. (bvsalud.org)
Crackers10
- Campbell, which owns the popular snack brand, is launching a line of veggie Goldfish crackers in two flavors: sweet carrot and cheesy tomato. (wtvr.com)
- The crackers include ingredients sourced from real carrots and tomatoes, in addition to wheat, oil, salt and other ingredients found in Goldfish snacks. (wtvr.com)
- The veggie crackers mark a first for Goldfish in the United States. (wtvr.com)
- Update: This story has been updated to reflect new information provided by Campbell about the availability of its veggie Goldfish crackers. (wtvr.com)
- Hunt Valley, Maryland-based McCormick & Co. and Pepperidge Farm have partnered for a limited edition Old Bay-seasoned Goldfish crackers. (wtop.com)
- Hunt Valley, Maryland-based McCormick & Co. and snack-maker Pepperidge Farm have partnered for a limited edition Old Bay-seasoned Goldfish crackers. (wtop.com)
- We know our passionate fans often sprinkle Old Bay on their favorite recipes and snacks, including Goldfish crackers," said Jill Pratt, chief marketing officer at McCormick. (wtop.com)
- Pepperidge Farm introduced Goldfish crackers in 1962. (wtop.com)
- Last year, they released Frank's Red Hot-flavored Goldfish crackers. (wtop.com)
- This time, it's Goldfish crackers from Pepperidge Farms that are being pulled from supermarket shelves, USA Today reports. (mentalfloss.com)
Varieties7
- However, modern genetic sequencing has suggested otherwise, and that modern goldfish are domesticated varieties of C. auratus that are native to Southern China. (wikipedia.org)
- Beyond the aesthetic pleasure from such varieties, goldfish have also offered practical value in control of mosquitoes . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- With the right care, goldfish can live up to 10 to 15 years, with some varieties reaching 30 years old. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- Common Goldfish come in several color varieties including orange, red, white, black, brown and combinations of any of these colors. (liveaquaria.com)
- All Goldfish varieties have been domesticated from wild carp. (liveaquaria.com)
- The four Goldfish cracker varieties affected by the recall include Flavor Blasted Xtra Cheddar, Flavor Blasted Sour Cream and Onion, Goldfish Baked with Whole Grain Xtra Cheddar, Goldfish Mix Xtra Cheddar + Pretzel [ PDF ]. (mentalfloss.com)
- A curved backbone, a fat belly, long feathery fins, a pointed mouth, and a triangular body shape are other features that differentiate the Ryukin from other goldfish varieties. (liveaquaria.com)
Carp8
- Native to China, the goldfish is a relatively small member of the carp family (which also includes the Prussian carp and the crucian carp). (wikipedia.org)
- Koi and common carp may also interbreed with goldfish to produce sterile hybrids. (wikipedia.org)
- A relatively small member of the Cyprinidae family, the goldfish is a domesticated version of a dark-gray/brown carp native to East Asia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- It's unclear whether the fish is actually a giant goldfish or more likely a large carp or koi . (journal-news.com)
- Goldfish are members of the carp group and are generally quite hardy. (liveaquaria.com)
- Carp Solutions owner, Przemek Bajer, a research assistant professor at the University of Minnesota, says that goldfish excavate the bottoms of lakes and ponds in their search for food. (fieldandstream.com)
- So if you have a lot of goldfish and carp in the lake, usually the first thing that happens is all the aquatic plants disappear. (fieldandstream.com)
- PCR and sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal DNA of infected muscle samples from 2 goldfish confirmed the parasite to have 99-100% nucleotide identity to M. lentisuturalis sequences recovered from similar cases of this parasite infecting goldfish in China and Italy and Prussian carp in China. (bvsalud.org)
Aquarium6
- Cats can hunt and dogs often snag table scraps, but fish are totally dependent on what you drop into the aquarium (you do have your goldfish in an aquarium , right? (everything2.com)
- One of the earliest fish to be domesticated-in China over 1,000 years ago (BAS 2007)-the goldfish remains one of the most popular aquarium fish. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- I have two goldfish in a 5 gallon aquarium. (metafilter.com)
- Large pellets are better for medium and large aquarium goldfish. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- Smaller goldfish do well in an aquarium of 30 gallons of water or more while young. (liveaquaria.com)
- If you're a new goldfish owner, purchase a 2- to 5-gallon plastic aquarium kit with a filter, air pump, and chlorine remover. (readersdigest.ca)
Aquariums3
- When kept in small indoor aquariums, goldfish tend to stay about 1 inch (2.5 cm) to 2 inches (5.1 cm) long. (wikipedia.org)
- However, goldfish can grow to 12+" and will eventually outgrow aquariums less than 100 gallons. (liveaquaria.com)
- Goldfish aquariums should have a fine gravel bottom and hardy, cold water plants. (liveaquaria.com)
Massive goldfish2
- Burnsville's Natural Resources Specialist Caleb Ashling got a chance to hold some of these massive goldfish during the last two times contractors made their way out to survey Keller Lake. (kare11.com)
- His sister posted a photo of Anderson holding the massive goldfish on social media, with a caption jokingly wondering whether it was a pet goldfish that was flushed down a toilet years ago. (journal-news.com)
Quality goldfish1
- Advanced daily nutrition for gorgeous show quality goldfish. (liveaquaria.com)
Flakes4
- Contrary to popular belief, flakes are not the best food for your goldfish. (everything2.com)
- goldfish flakes, while healthier (if you buy a good brand like Wardley or Hikari ), are still dangerous in that if your fish gulp them down dry from the surface, they can ingest air and develop crippling swim-bladder problems. (everything2.com)
- It's easy to overfeed goldfish with flakes, plus they can create digestive issues when fish gulp air while they eat from the surface of the water. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- But don't forget to treat your goldfish to flakes or pellets every day. (readersdigest.ca)
Pellets3
- If you choose pellet food, most standard-size pellets work for small and medium goldfish. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- And you'll need extra-large pellets for pond goldfish. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- Top quality Saki-Hikari™ Fancy Goldfish pellets are the breeder preferred diet for all types of fancy, ornamental goldfish. (liveaquaria.com)
Ponds4
- citation needed] During the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), goldfish also began to be raised indoors, which permitted selection for mutations that would not be able to survive in ponds. (wikipedia.org)
- Please don't release your pet goldfish into ponds and lakes! (kare11.com)
- Because they're part of the minnow family, goldfish can easily work their way through city storm water ponds and into lakes and streams, according to the DNR. (kare11.com)
- Goldfish will also fare well in ponds with Koi and other Fancy Goldfish with similar water parameters. (liveaquaria.com)
Caught 282
- Between our two rounds of surveys we've caught 28 of these very large goldfish," Ashling added. (kare11.com)
- Authorities caught 28 goldfish total and experts say the illegally introduced fish harm the lake's habitat. (fieldandstream.com)
Diggers2
- Goldfish are diggers and can be messy so a capable filtration system is a must. (liveaquaria.com)
- Keep in mind that goldfish are diggers and will scatter the fine sand onto leaves, injuring thin and less hardy plants. (liveaquaria.com)
Colors1
- Fish food with significant quantities of carotenoids will enhance the colors of your goldfish. (centralillinoisproud.com)
Pellet food1
- A Goldfish flake or pellet food will provide these fish with the proper nutrition. (liveaquaria.com)
Pond6
- In July 2010, a goldfish measuring 16 inches (41 cm) and 5 pounds (2.3 kg) was caught in a pond in Poole, England, thought to have been abandoned there after outgrowing a tank. (wikipedia.org)
- Most goldfish can and will breed if left to themselves, particularly in pond settings. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- BURNSVILLE, Minn. - You'll want to think twice before dumping that county fair goldfish you won into a nearby stream or pond. (kare11.com)
- No, it's just that in 2019, that state managed to eradicate a population of illegally introduced goldfish from a pond near Anchorage. (fieldandstream.com)
- Feed your young pond fish a diet formulated for growth with Tetra Pond Koi Growth High Protein Koi & Goldfish Food. (yahoo.com)
- Tetra Pond Koi Growth High Protein Koi & Goldfish Food is formulated to promote growth and fortified with vitamin C, a valuable antioxidant that fights disease. (yahoo.com)
Species2
- Goldfish are a regulated invasive species in Minnesota, meaning you can buy, sell and transport them, but can't release them in public waters. (kare11.com)
- According to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources , goldfish are considered a regulated invasive species, meaning you can buy, sell and transport them, but you can't release them in public waters. (kare11.com)
Negatively1
- There is no practical way to condition your goldfish, negatively or otherwise. (metafilter.com)
Fish8
- citation needed] Goldfish may grow larger if moved to bigger fish tanks, but they usually do not grow longer than 6 inches (15 cm). (wikipedia.org)
- At the time, a goldfish named "Goldie", kept as a pet in a tank in Folkestone, England, was measured as 15 inches (38 cm) and over 2 pounds (0.91 kg), and named as the second largest in the world behind the Netherlands fish. (wikipedia.org)
- In their first weeks of existence, the fry grow remarkably fast-an adaptation born of the high risk of getting devoured by the adult goldfish (or other fish and insects) in their environment. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The biggest problem is that goldfish are bottom feeders, so they like to muck around in the bottom and that uproots a lot of the aquatic plants which help provide a lot of habitat for other fish and animals," Ashling said. (kare11.com)
- Picking the right goldfish food is an important part of creating a long, healthy life for your fish. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- If you're looking for quality fish food that suits most goldfish, Ultra Fresh Sinking Goldfish Food is an excellent choice. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- Goldfish are also known to be social fish and should be keep in groups if possible. (liveaquaria.com)
- My dad likes to tell the story of a favorite teacher who told students that goldfish don't mind living in small fish bowls because their brains are very small, and every time they swim around the bowl, it's a new experience. (southdakotamagazine.com)
Pounds2
- Avid fisherman Hunter Anderson believes the huge goldfish he caught weighed at least 20 pounds, according to WKYT-TV . (journal-news.com)
- Some of the goldfish caught in Minnesota's Keller Lake went 15 inches and 4 pounds. (fieldandstream.com)
Snacks1
- Snacks like Goldfish are important to Campbell, which is working to improve its soup sales. (wtvr.com)
Gallons3
- I think 5 gallons might be too small for them, though, even for two small goldfish. (metafilter.com)
- the petshop told me 5 gallons was too small for two goldfish. (metafilter.com)
- ten gallons , minimum, per goldfish . (metafilter.com)
Carnival2
- It's a summertime rite of passage for many families: You take your child to the local carnival, he wins a game, and then you're stuck with a sickly-looking goldfish in a plastic bag. (readersdigest.ca)
- Luckily, there are steps you can take to keep that carnival goldfish alive. (readersdigest.ca)
Search1
- These allow goldfish to engage in natural foraging behaviors as they search for food on the tank floor. (centralillinoisproud.com)
Bowl4
- To keep your goldfish healthy (aside from not keeping 'em in a bowl and keeping their water clean), they need variety. (everything2.com)
- item_title" : "Goldfish Ceramic Pet Bowl", "item_author" : [" "], "item_description" : "Fool your pets into thinking a real goldfish is swimming in their water bowl. (booksamillion.com)
- So, if you're wondering how big that pet goldfish might grow in a bigger bowl, go with the bathtub or the pool. (fieldandstream.com)
- And therefore, we are preventing our human experience from being as mundane and pointless as a goldfish in a bowl. (southdakotamagazine.com)
Fancy1
- Saki-Hikari™ Fancy Goldfish Color Enhancing Formula is rich in highly purified astaxanthin and pure cultured spirulina. (liveaquaria.com)
Large2
- Groups of these large goldfish were recently found in Keller Lake. (kare11.com)
- A. You should feed your goldfish small meals two to three times a day, rather than one large meal. (centralillinoisproud.com)
Burnsville1
- The City of Burnsville tweeted out some pretty shocking photos Friday morning, of massive, overgrown goldfish found in Keller Lake. (kare11.com)
Size3
- few goldfish reach even half this size. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Now, I'm not sure if it's biologically accurate, but there's an old saying that goldfish grow to the size of the tank it lives in. (forbes.com)
- Goldfish have more complex care requirements than many people think - choosing the right food is important, but you also need the correct tank size and the right setup. (centralillinoisproud.com)
Shrimp1
- Goldfish need a good amount of high-quality protein in their diets, predominantly from seafood sources, such as shrimp and krill. (centralillinoisproud.com)
Small1
- A five gallon tank for two goldfish is too small. (metafilter.com)
Grow2
- Wild goldfish typically grow to between 4.7 inches (12 cm) and 8.7 inches (22 cm) but can reach 16 inches (41 cm). (wikipedia.org)
- Some scientists believe goldfish can only grow to sexual maturity if given enough water and the right nutrition. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Ingredients1
- Look for color-enhancing goldfish foods with carotenoid-rich ingredients, such as krill meal and certain types of algae. (centralillinoisproud.com)
Time4
- Have a great time playing Goldfish. (surfnetkids.com)
- If left in the dark for a period of time, a goldfish will turn lighter in color. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- So if a goldfish is kept in the dark it will appear lighter in the morning, and over a long period of time will lose its color. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- We will be adding Goldfish RTC device to the QEMU RISC-V virt machine for providing real date-time to Guest Linux. (gnu.org)
Food6
- This type of food is affordable and readily available, but it isn't the best for most goldfish. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- Since goldfish get a lot of energy from fat, fats and other lipids should make up about 5%-10% of a decent goldfish food. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- Goldfish require food that contains around 10% of fiber and carbohydrates. (centralillinoisproud.com)
- That's why goldfish can be perfectly fed with koi food during their whole life. (jbl.de)
- The food is however, challenging to eat, since the goldfish "forgets" where it is, and every three seconds, finds itself in another position in the fishbowl. (gameawards.se)
- The goldfish also "forgets" where the food is and every three seconds the food changes position. (gameawards.se)
Optimal1
- In optimal conditions, goldfish may live more than 20 years, but most household goldfish generally live only six to eight years, due to being kept in bowls. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Live5
- Their genre-defying mix of live instruments, House beats and searing live performances has seen Goldfish go from impromtu jams at a tiny beach club in Cape Town to headlining Amsterdam's Olympic Stadium, cracking a top 10 on the US iTunes Dance chart, a residency at Pacha Ibiza with David Guetta and DJ's like Fedde le Grand knocking at their door to do remix their tracks. (sxsw.com)
- Goldfish are omnivorous and will eat all types of dried and live foods. (liveaquaria.com)
- Before reading, consider this: Goldfish can live more than 20 years-long after your child has gone off to college! (readersdigest.ca)
- Hikari's most advanced goldfish diet, which includes live (viable) beneficial microorganisms (Hikari Germ™) which help improve enzymatic activity and allow your pet to more fully digest the nutrient offering. (liveaquaria.com)
- Goldfish are omnivores and will eat all types of dried and live foods. (liveaquaria.com)
Eggs1
- Goldfish, like all cyprinids , lay eggs . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Variations1
- Today, you can buy about 30 variations of original Goldfish, including whole grain versions, ones made with organic wheat, indulgent flavors like fudge brownie Goldfish grahams and mixes with two types of Goldfish in one bag. (wtvr.com)
Accommodate1
- Start trying to accommodate for goldfish, you won't be able to stop. (metafilter.com)
Invasive2
- Goldfish released into the wild have become an invasive pest in parts of North America. (wikipedia.org)
- If you really want to dispose of your goldfish or other animals that are invasive in Minnesota, the DNR recommends finding another owner or reaching out to a veterinarian or pet retailer for guidance on humane disposal. (kare11.com)
Types1
- Due to the strange shapes of some extreme modern bred goldfish, certain types can no longer breed among themselves. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Water2
- And we've been doing a lot of water quality improvement projects at the lake and we wanted to try to protect those investments by getting a good assessment of what was going on with the goldfish that were here and being reported. (kare11.com)
- Chlorinated tap water, bottled or distilled water, or water that is too acidic or alkaline can kill a goldfish. (readersdigest.ca)
Tank1
- The larger the tank, the larger the goldfish. (forbes.com)
Page1
- It was considered to be educational for children who, according to author Charles Nash Page in his 1898 book Aquaria , could learn more in a few hours of observing the goldfish than in "many days spent with books. (bust.com)
Good2
- During the 1620s, goldfish were highly regarded in southern Europe because of their metallic scales, and symbolized good luck and fortune. (wikipedia.org)
- It's a good idea to learn more about the nutritional requirements of your goldfish. (centralillinoisproud.com)
Popular2
- Goldfish were first introduced to North America around 1850 and quickly became popular in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
- By the middle of the 19th century, goldfish globes had become so popular that an entire class of street-sellers had risen up to fill the demand. (bust.com)
Beneficial1
- It was also believed to be beneficial for invalids since watching the goldfish swim was "health restoring" and "restful to the mind. (bust.com)
Video2
- Following that up with the SAMA award-winning album Get Busy Living featuring the smash Youtube hit video We come together that garnered millions of online views for it's hilarious and ground breaking animation work that has become a Goldfish trademark. (sxsw.com)
- Supercrush pays homage to our 1993 classic "Goldfish" in their new music video. (crailtap.com)
Latest2
- Goldfish is the latest brand trying to capitalize on the buzz around plant-based foods. (wtvr.com)
- I thought of the goldfish story when I heard about the latest plans from Washington to cut funding for the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Endowment for the Arts. (southdakotamagazine.com)
Natural1
- And hopefully learning that releasing goldfish or any type of pet into the natural environment can cause a lot of unintended consequences. (kare11.com)
Important1
- Unfortunately, we have more important decisions to make than goldfish. (blackberry.com)
Status1
- This tradition quickly died, as goldfish became more available, losing their status. (wikipedia.org)
Diet1
- The orange, red and yellow hues of goldfish all come from a carotenoids-rich diet. (centralillinoisproud.com)