Chemokine mRNA expression in gastric mucosa is associated with Helicobacter pylori cagA positivity and severity of gastritis. (1/25659)

AIM: To investigate the association between the quantity of gastric chemokine mRNA expression, severity of gastritis, and cagA positivity in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. METHODS: In 83 dyspeptic patients, antral and corpus biopsies were taken for semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and histological grading of gastritis. Gastritis was evaluated by visual analogue scales. Quantities of chemokine (IL-8, GRO alpha, ENA-78, RANTES, MCP-1) RT-PCR products were compared with G3PDH products. Each sample was also evaluated for the presence of cagA and ureA mRNA by RT-PCR. RESULTS: mRNA expression of all five chemokines was significantly greater in H pylori positive than in H pylori negative mucosa. In H pylori positive patients, in the antrum C-X-C chemokine mRNA expression was significantly greater in cagA positive patients than in cagA negative patients, but there were no significant differences in C-C chemokine mRNA expression. In H pylori positive patients, chemokine mRNA expression in the corpus was less than in the antrum. In contrast to the antrum, only GRO alpha mRNA expression was significantly greater in cagA positive infection. Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was correlated with C-X-C chemokine mRNA expression. Significant correlations were also found between bacterial density and C-X-C chemokine mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: In H pylori infection, C-X-C chemokines may play a primary role in active gastritis. Infection with cagA positive H pylori induces greater gastric chemokine mRNA expression in the antral mucosa, which may be relevant to the increased mucosal damage associated with cagA positive H pylori infection.  (+info)

Evolutionary relationships of pathogenic clones of Vibrio cholerae by sequence analysis of four housekeeping genes. (2/25659)

Studies of the Vibrio cholerae population, using molecular typing techniques, have shown the existence of several pathogenic clones, mainly sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones. However, the relationship of the pathogenic clones to environmental V. cholerae isolates remains unclear. A previous study to determine the phylogeny of V. cholerae by sequencing the asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene of V. cholerae showed that the sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones had very different asd sequences which fell into separate lineages in the V. cholerae population. As gene trees drawn from a single gene may not reflect the true topology of the population, we sequenced the mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and hlyA (hemolysin A) genes from representatives of environmental and clinical isolates of V. cholerae and found that the mdh and hlyA sequences from the three pathogenic clones were identical, except for the previously reported 11-bp deletion in hlyA in the sixth-pandemic clone. Identical sequences were obtained, despite average nucleotide differences in the mdh and hlyA genes of 1.52 and 3.25%, respectively, among all the isolates, suggesting that the three pathogenic clones are closely related. To extend these observations, segments of the recA and dnaE genes were sequenced from a selection of the pathogenic isolates, where the sequences were either identical or substantially different between the clones. The results show that the three pathogenic clones are very closely related and that there has been a high level of recombination in their evolution.  (+info)

A 55-kilodalton immunodominant antigen of Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 has arisen via horizontal gene transfer. (3/25659)

A 55-kDa outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 is a significant target of the serum immunoglobulin G antibody response of periodontal disease patients and hence may play an important role in host-bacterium interactions in periodontal disease. The gene encoding the 55-kDa antigen (ragB, for receptor antigen B) was isolated on a 9.5-kb partial Sau3AI fragment of P. gingivalis W50 chromosomal DNA in pUC18 by immunoscreening with a monoclonal antibody to this antigen. The 1.6-kb open reading frame (ORF) encoding RagB was located via subcloning and nested-deletion analysis. Sequence analysis demonstrated the presence of an upstream 3.1-kb ORF (ragA) which is cotranscribed with ragB. A number of genetic characteristics suggest that the ragAB locus was acquired by a horizontal gene transfer event. These include a significantly reduced G+C content relative to that of the P. gingivalis chromosome (42 versus 48%) and the presence of mobility elements flanking this locus in P. gingivalis W50. Furthermore, Southern blotting and PCR analyses showed a restricted distribution of this locus in laboratory and clinical isolates of this bacterium. The association of ragAB+ P. gingivalis with clinical status was examined by PCR analysis of subgingival samples. ragAB+ was not detected in P. gingivalis-positive shallow pockets from periodontal disease patients but was present in 36% of the P. gingivalis-positive samples from deep pockets. These data suggest that the ragAB locus was acquired by certain P. gingivalis strains via horizontal gene transfer and that the acquisition of this locus may facilitate the survival of these strains at sites of periodontal destruction.  (+info)

Cloning and expression of the dnaK gene of Campylobacter jejuni and antigenicity of heat shock protein 70. (4/25659)

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea throughout the world. In addition, there is growing evidence that Guillain-Barre syndrome, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system, is frequently preceded by C. jejuni infection. In the present study, the hrcA-grpE-dnaK gene cluster of C. jejuni was cloned and sequenced. The dnaK gene consists of an open reading frame of 1,869 bp and encodes a protein with a high degree of homology to other bacterial 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSPs). The overall percentages of identity to the HSP70 proteins of Helicobacter pylori, Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Bacillus subtilis were calculated to be 78.1, 60.5, 57.2, and 53. 8%, respectively. Regions similar to the Escherichia coli sigma70 promoter consensus sequence and to a cis-acting regulatory element (CIRCE) are located upstream of the hrcA gene. Following heat shock, a rapid increase of dnaK mRNA was detectable, which reached its maximum after 20 to 30 min. A 6-His-tagged recombinant DnaK protein (rCjDnaK-His) was generated in E. coli, after cloning of the dnaK coding region into pET-22b(+), and purified by affinity and gel filtration chromatography. Antibody responses to rCjDnaK-His were significantly elevated, compared to those of healthy individuals, in about one-third of the serum specimens obtained from C. jejuni enteritis patients.  (+info)

Yops of Yersinia enterocolitica inhibit receptor-dependent superoxide anion production by human granulocytes. (5/25659)

The virulence plasmid-borne genes encoding Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) and several Yersinia secreted proteins (Yops) are involved in the inhibition of phagocytosis and killing of Yersinia enterocolitica by human granulocytes. One of these Yops, YopH, dephosphorylates multiple tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in eukaryotic cells and is involved in the inhibition of phagocytosis of Y. enterocolitica by human granulocytes. We investigated whether antibody- and complement-opsonized plasmid-bearing (pYV+) Y. enterocolitica inhibits O2- production by human granulocytes in response to various stimuli and whether YopH is involved. Granulocytes were preincubated with mutant strains unable to express YadA or to secrete Yops or YopH. O2- production by granulocytes during stimulation was assessed by measuring the reduction of ferricytochrome c. PYV+ Y. enterocolitica inhibited O2- production by granulocytes incubated with opsonized Y. enterocolitica or N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (f-MLP). This inhibitory effect mediated by pYV did not affect receptor-independent O2- production by granulocytes in response to phorbol myristate acetate, indicating that NADPH activity remained unaffected after activation of protein kinase C. The inhibition of f-MLP-induced O2- production by granulocytes depends on the secretion of Yops and not on the expression of YadA. Insertional inactivation of the yopH gene abrogated the inhibition of phagocytosis of antibody- and complement-opsonized Y. enterocolitica by human granulocytes but not of the f-MLP-induced O2- production by granulocytes or tyrosine phosphorylation of granulocyte proteins. These findings suggest that the specific targets for YopH are not present in f-MLP receptor-linked signal transduction and that other Yop-mediated mechanisms are involved.  (+info)

Complete nucleotide sequence of the 27-kilobase virulence related locus (vrl) of Dichelobacter nodosus: evidence for extrachromosomal origin. (6/25659)

The vrl locus is preferentially associated with virulent isolates of the ovine footrot pathogen, Dichelobacter nodosus. The complete nucleotide sequence of this 27.1-kb region has now been determined. The data reveal that the locus has a G+C content much higher than the rest of the D. nodosus chromosome and contains 22 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding products including a putative adenine-specific methylase, two potential DEAH ATP-dependent helicases, and two products with sequence similarity to a bacteriophage resistance system. These ORFs are all in the same orientation, and most are either overlapping or separated by only a few nucleotides, suggesting that they comprise an operon and are translationally coupled. Expression vector studies have led to the identification of proteins that correspond to many of these ORFs. These data, in combination with evidence of insertion of vrl into the 3' end of an ssrA gene, are consistent with the hypothesis that the vrl locus was derived from the insertion of a bacteriophage or plasmid into the D. nodosus genome.  (+info)

Genetic characterization of a new type IV-A pilus gene cluster found in both classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae. (7/25659)

The Vibrio cholerae genome contains a 5.4-kb pil gene cluster that resembles the Aeromonas hydrophila tap gene cluster and other type IV-A pilus assembly operons. The region consists of five complete open reading frames designated pilABCD and yacE, based on the nomenclature of related genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli K-12. This cluster is present in both classical and El Tor biotypes, and the pilA and pilD genes are 100% conserved. The pilA gene encodes a putative type IV pilus subunit. However, deletion of pilA had no effect on either colonization of infant mice or adherence to HEp-2 cells, demonstrating that pilA does not encode the primary subunit of a pilus essential for these processes. The pilD gene product is similar to other type IV prepilin peptidases, proteins that process type IV signal sequences. Mutational analysis of the pilD gene showed that pilD is essential for secretion of cholera toxin and hemagglutinin-protease, mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (MSHA), production of toxin-coregulated pili, and colonization of infant mice. Defects in these functions are likely due to the lack of processing of N termini of four Eps secretion proteins, four proteins of the MSHA cluster, and TcpB, all of which contain type IV-A leader sequences. Some pilD mutants also showed reduced adherence to HEp-2 cells, but this defect could not be complemented in trans, indicating that the defect may not be directly due to a loss of pilD. Taken together, these data demonstrate the effectiveness of the V. cholerae genome project for rapid identification and characterization of potential virulence factors.  (+info)

Characterization of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis lbpB, lbpA, and lactoferrin receptor orf3 isogenic mutants. (8/25659)

Pathogenic members of the family Neisseriaceae produce specific receptors to acquire iron from their host's lactoferrin and transferrin. Recently, putative Moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes and a third open reading frame (lbpB, lbpA, and orf3) were cloned and sequenced. We describe the preliminary characterization of isogenic mutants deficient in LbpB, LbpA, or Orf3 protein.  (+info)

Bacterial transformation is carried out by numerous interacting bacterial gene products. Evolution in bacteria was previously ... Bacterial DNA is placed into the bacteriophage genome via bacterial transduction. In bacterial conjugation, DNA is transferred ... For example, bacterial recombination has been shown to promote the transfer of multi drug resistance genes via homologous ... Genes. 11 (11): 1239. doi:10.3390/genes11111239. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 7690428. PMID 33105635. "Bacterial Conjugation". Biology ...
Bacterial sRNAs affect how genes are expressed within bacterial cells via interaction with mRNA or protein, and thus can affect ... Several bacterial sRNAs are involved in the regulation of genes that confer antibiotic resistance. For example, the sRNA DsrA ... Biofilm is a type of bacterial growth pattern where multiple layers of bacterial cells adhere to a host surface. This mode of ... It is now known that most bacterial sRNAs are encoded by free-standing genes located in the intergenic regions (IGR) between ...
Certain mutations also lead to o of genes at low temperatures, suggesting IF-1 is involved in gene regulation. IF-1 actively ... Bacterial initiation factor 3 (infC) is not universally found in all bacterial species but in E. coli it is required for the ... Bacterial initiation factor 1 associates with the 30S ribosomal subunit in the A site and prevents an aminoacyl-tRNA from ... A bacterial initiation factor (IF) is a protein that stabilizes the initiation complex for polypeptide translation. Translation ...
This mode is thought to be important for the translation of genes that are clustered in poly-cistronic operons, where the ... Bacterial translation is the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in bacteria. Initiation of translation ... When bacterial cells run out of nutrients, they enter stationary phase and downregulate protein synthesis. Several processes ... Agafonov DE, Kolb VA, Nazimov IV, Spirin AS (October 1999). "A protein residing at the subunit interface of the bacterial ...
The epitope (antibody binding site of antigens) is expressed on the bacterial cell surface by expressing a region of the gene ... Bacterial display systems were first introduced by Freudl et al. and Charbit et al. in 1986, when they used bacterial surface ... Bacterial display (or bacteria display or bacterial surface display) is a protein engineering technique used for in vitro ... OMPs are common scaffolds for bacterial display. Proteins can also be displayed on the bacterial cell surface through the use ...
Gene expression determines how much gene product, such as protein, is made by the gene. Transcription is carried out by RNA ... Bacterial Transcription - animation Video animation summarizing the process (CS1 errors: periodical ignored, Gene expression, ... Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of ... In fact, many prokaryotic genes occur in operons, which are a series of genes that work together to code for the same protein ...
2012). Bacterial Regulatory Networks. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-908230-03-4. Gross R, Beier D, eds. (2012). Two- ... Nodes still represent genes and connections between them regulatory influences on gene expression. Genes in biological systems ... Other work has focused on predicting the gene expression levels in a gene regulatory network. The approaches used to model gene ... In another model of gene regulator networks evolution, the ratio of the frequencies of gene duplication and gene deletion show ...
... or even in the bacterial genome. The tra genes encode proteins which are useful for the propagation of the plasmid from the ... Transfer genes or tra genes (also transfer operons or tra operons), are some genes necessary for non-sexual transfer of genetic ... The transfer genes - Though a functioning set of tra genes is necessary for plasmid transfer, they may be located in a variety ... The tra locus includes the pilin gene and regulatory genes, which together form pili on the cell surface, polymeric proteins ...
4000 bacterial species for predicting essential genes. Although most essential genes encode proteins, many essential proteins ... Guo FB, Ye YN, Ning LW, Wei W (2015). "Three computational tools for predicting bacterial essential genes". Gene Essentiality. ... Essential Genes on Genome Scale) database ePath (Essential genes in pathway) database Essential genes in E. coli (EcoliWiki) ... "Identification of essential genes and synthetic lethal gene combinations in Escherichia coli K-12". Gene Essentiality. Methods ...
"Novel Bacterial Lineages at the (Sub)Division Level as Detected by Signature Nucleotide-Targeted Recovery of 16S rRNA Genes ... Bacterial phyla entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available ... Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is ... When bacterial nomenclature was controlled under the Botanical Code, the term division was used, but now that bacterial ...
HhMAN1 is a gene in the genome of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) that resembles bacterial genes, and is thought ... Citizendium:Horizontal gene transfer Citizendium:Horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes Citizendium:Horizontal gene transfer ... disrupting genes involved in bacterial adhesion, and deleting an entire segment of several genes involved with motility and ... "Hundreds of novel composite genes and chimeric genes with bacterial origins contributed to haloarchaeal evolution". Genome ...
ISBN 978-0-8153-4072-0. Chen I, Dubnau D (March 2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews. ... Gene delivery is a necessary step in gene therapy for the introduction or silencing of a gene to promote a therapeutic outcome ... Gene delivery must reach the genome of the host cell to induce gene expression. Successful gene delivery requires the foreign ... Several of the methods used to facilitate gene delivery have applications for therapeutic purposes. Gene therapy utilizes gene ...
Daubin V, Lerat E, Perrière G (2003). "The source of laterally transferred genes in bacterial genomes". Genome Biology. 4 (9): ... Ochman H, Lawrence JG, Groisman EA (May 2000). "Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation". Nature. 405 ( ... Hao W, Golding GB (May 2008). "Uncovering rate variation of lateral gene transfer during bacterial genome evolution". BMC ... Galtier N (August 2007). "A model of horizontal gene transfer and the bacterial phylogeny problem". Systematic Biology. 56 (4 ...
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... occurs when a bacterial cell carrying the silenced DNA of a bacterial virus in its chromosome transfers the ... In the donor cell, a repressor protein encoded by the prophage (viral DNA) keeps the viral genes turned off so that virus is ... The longer that the Hfr and F− cells were in contact, the more genes that were transferred. They did not believe that the ... Élie Wollman and François Jacob showed that genes were transferred in a certain order from the Hfr donor cell to the F− ...
Mann, Nicholas H.; Cook, Annabel; Millard, Andrew; Bailey, Shaun; Clokie, Martha (2003). "Bacterial photosynthesis genes in a ... Methods and Protocols Phages in nature Marine cyanophages and light Bacterial photosynthesis genes in a virus Clokie is ... They are at risk from Flacherie, a bacterial disease that is caused by larvae eating infected leaves. Alongside working on silk ... She has shown that bacteriophages could be used to treat bacterial disease in pigs. These phages disable the Salmonella ...
For short, I named this F. Later work by others showed that the F factor is a bacterial DNA sequence harboring genes that allow ... was an American microbiologist and a pioneer of bacterial genetics. She discovered the bacterial virus λ and the bacterial ... Schindler, Thomas E. (2021). "Strange Genetics: Bacterial Genes Move Sideways". A Hidden Legacy: The Life and Work of Esther ... Because of her work, she is considered to be a pioneer in bacterial genetics. In 1956, Esther and Joshua Lederberg were honored ...
... is a protein which is a bacterial relative of the intermediate filaments found in eukaryotic cells. Just as tubulins ... Kollmar, M (29 May 2015). "Polyphyly of nuclear lamin genes indicates an early eukaryotic origin of the metazoan-type ... Esue O, Rupprecht L, Sun SX, Wirtz D (January 2010). "Dynamics of the bacterial intermediate filament crescentin in vitro and ... Ausmees N, Kuhn JR, Jacobs-Wagner C (December 2003). "The bacterial cytoskeleton: an intermediate filament-like function in ...
Most of the RcGTA structural genes are encoded in a ~ 15 kb genetic cluster on the bacterial chromosome. However, other genes ... structural genes) and the genes for DNA packaging. The phage genes specifying its regulation and DNA replication have typically ... Unlike prophage genes, the genes encoding GTAs are not excised from the genome and replicated for packaging in GTA particles. ... Redfield RJ, Soucy SM (2018). "Evolution of Bacterial Gene Transfer Agents". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 2527. doi:10.3389/ ...
COLOMBOS: collection of bacterial expression compendia. Many Microbe Microarrays Database: microbial Affymetrix data AlloMap ... A facultative gene is a gene only transcribed when needed as opposed to a constitutive gene. An inducible gene is a gene whose ... Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that ... A constitutive gene is a gene that is transcribed continually as opposed to a facultative gene, which is only transcribed when ...
BACs can also be utilized to detect genes or large sequences of interest and then used to map them onto the human chromosome ... A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for ... The bacterial artificial chromosome's usual insert size is 150-350 kbp. A similar cloning vector called a PAC has also been ... play a crucial role because they contain partition genes that promote the even distribution of plasmids after bacterial cell ...
"Detection of bacteria by transduction of ice nucleation genes". Trends in Biotechnology. 8 (10): 276-9. doi:10.1016/0167-7799( ... Bacterial ice-nucleation proteins is a family of proteins that enable Gram-negative bacteria to promote nucleation of ice at ... Gurian-Sherman D, Lindow SE (November 1993). "Bacterial ice nucleation: significance and molecular basis". FASEB Journal. 7 (14 ...
"Bacterial polysaccharide synthesis and gene nomenclature". Trends in Microbiology. 4 (12): 495-503. doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(97) ... who specialises in molecular microbiology and bacterial infectious diseases. Since 2018, he has been Vice-Chancellor of the ...
Mushegian, A. R.; Koonin, E. V. (1996-09-17). "A minimal gene set for cellular life derived by comparison of complete bacterial ... Scherbakov, D. V.; Garber, M. B. (2000-07-01). "Overlapping genes in bacterial and phage genomes". Molecular Biology. 34 (4): ... An example for this is the deletion of recF, gene required for the function of recA, and its flanking genes. One of the ... Evidence of the deletion of the function of repair and recombination is the loss of the gene recA, gene involved in the ...
Expression of bacterial genes in plant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80, 4803-7. del Vas, M.; Distéfano, A. J.; Vazquez Rovere ... In the common gene pool of cultivated potato and its wild congeners are found a number of genes for immunity, resistance, ... In some pathosystems the hypersensitivity gene needs to be accompanied by recessive genes or polygenes for resistance to be ... which have a dominant gene (called Rx) that can produce local necrotic lesions after infection with PVX. This gene would have ...
"Expression of bacterial genes in plant cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 80 (15): 4803-07. Bibcode: ... By removing the genes in the plasmid that caused the tumor and adding in novel genes researchers were able to infect plants ... The ability to partially reduce gene function has allowed the study of genes that are lethal when completely knocked out. Other ... With the introduction of the gene gun in 1987 it became possible to integrate foreign genes into a chloroplast. Genetic ...
Ng SY, Chaban B, Jarrell KF (2006). "Archaeal flagella, bacterial flagella and type IV pili: a comparison of genes and ... Gophna U, Charlebois RL, Doolittle WF (May 2004). "Have archaeal genes contributed to bacterial virulence?". Trends in ... "Evolutionary relationships of bacterial and archaeal glutamine synthetase genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 38 (6): 566- ... while archaeal flagella appear to have evolved from bacterial type IV pili. In contrast with the bacterial flagellum, which is ...
Bacterial stress response Morimoto RI (March 1993). "Cells in stress: transcriptional activation of heat shock genes". Science ... the transcription factor that regulates heat shock gene expression". Genes & Development. 6 (7): 1153-64. doi:10.1101/gad.6.7. ... "the first known environmental stress acting directly on gene activity" but were not initially widely cited. The significance of ...
Managing Bacterial Leaf Spot in Pepper. "UCONN IPM: Integrated Pest Management:Vegetables:Peppers:Diseases:Bacterial Leaf Spot ... Vesicatoria allowing fishing for virulence genes. Journal of Biotechnology. 106 (2003) 203-214 Agrios, G. N. (2005). Plant ... Bacterial leaf spot affects all above ground parts of the plant: Pepper fruit do not frequently show symptoms, largely due to ... Bacterial leaf spot occurs throughout the world where conditions are relatively warm and moist. Though it can occur across the ...
Toxin-antitoxin database (Prokaryote genes, Bacterial proteins). ... virulence-associated gene) for the toxin and antitoxin genes ... VapBC operons consist of two genes: VapC encodes a toxic PilT N-terminus (PIN) domain, and VapB encodes a matching antitoxin. ... Ogura, T; Hiraga, S (Aug 1983). "Mini-F plasmid genes that couple host cell division to plasmid proliferation". Proceedings of ... In the hyperthermophilic archaean Sulfolobus solfataricus, for example, a vapBC gene cassette is thought to regulate heat shock ...
There are currently over 20,000 bacterial genomes sequenced, and bioinformatics methods can be used to find all BMC shell genes ... Kirst, Henning; Kerfeld, Cheryl A. (2021-06-30). "Clues to the function of bacterial microcompartments from ancillary genes". ... Heinhorst, Sabine; Cannon, Gordon C. (2020), Jendrossek, Dieter (ed.), "Bacterial Microcompartments", Bacterial Organelles and ... the genes encoding for the shell proteins are very similar. Most of the genes (coding for the shell proteins and the ...
... and plant resistance genes gives rise to the virulence of bacterial pathogens. Generally, a single avirulence gene (in the ... giving rise to the concept of a gene-for-gene response. The avirulence gene leads to the pathogen being avirulent, or unable to ... Bacterial blight of soybean is caused by the bacterial agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. This bacterium also causes ... "Bacterial Blight in Soybean". Retrieved 2015-10-21. "Soybean Bacterial Blight and Brown Spot". Pest Management. February 1997 ...
This is done partly through nonorthologous gene displacement. That is, the role of one gene is replaced by another gene that ... and loss of certain genes can speed up the process of bacterial genome compaction. This is not to suggest that all bacterial ... Bacterial species differ widely in overall GC content, although the genes in any one species' genome are roughly identical with ... Finally, these integrated genes must benefit the recipient bacterial organism. The first two steps can be achieved via three ...
The gene used was the 16S ribosomal DNA. The names have been changed to reflect more current nomenclature used by molecular ... Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree ... Branching order of bacterial phyla (Battistuzzi et al.,2004) Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) Branching order ... There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese. The ...
Winkler, Wade C.; Breaker, Ronald R. (2005-10-01). "REGULATION OF BACTERIAL GENE EXPRESSION BY RIBOSWITCHES". Annual Review of ... viable daughter cells to be produced would require an extra replication of the intact RNA gene homologous to any RNA gene that ... If at least one damage-free copy of each RNA gene is present in the transient diploid, viable progeny can be formed. For two, ... A protocell that was haploid (one copy of each RNA gene) would be vulnerable to damage, since a single lesion in any RNA ...
A newly discovered gene may explain why some gonorrheal infections turn even more serious. ... The right bacterial mix could help frogs take the heat By Bethany Brookshire. September 29, 2023. ...
... Researchers can now change DNA in a previously inaccessible ... Bacterial weaponry has an unexpected use in human cells.. A protein secreted by bacteria to kill other microbes has been re- ... Scientists report a new gene-editing tool that can target DNA in mitochondria (red). Previous editors were only effective in ... engineered to tweak DNA inaccessible to other gene editors, scientists report online July 8 in Nature. The advance paves the ...
Genomic-scale Analysis of Bacterial Gene and Protein Expression in the Host John D. Boyce*. , Paul A. Cullen*, and Ben Adler* ... Gene expression during growth in blood of infected chickens. 15. DNA microarray. Gene expression during growth in livers of ... Large-scale measurement of bacterial gene or protein expression during real infections or interactions with host cells ... Genomic-scale Analysis of Bacterial Gene and Protein Expression in the Host. ...
... these genes likely encode proteins in the bacterial membrane. This is a prime location for gene products involved in infection ... Strep genes linked to flesh-eating bacterial infections. September 23, 2017. ScienceBlog.com ... "These genes would be good targets for a vaccine or treatment because the bacteria missing these genes did not flourish in the ... The genes, subcutaneous fitness genes A (scfA) and B (scfB), may prove to be promising clinical targets in the fight against ...
Defensive symbiosis leads to gene loss in bacterial partners. The genome of symbiotic bacteria of beewolves is in the process ... "We wondered whether the long-term association with the host has resulted in changes in the symbionts genome or shaped gene ... Using state-of-the-art gene sequencing techniques, the researchers were able to read out the complete genome of the symbiont. ... Signs of genome erosion in the bacterial partner. The genome of the bacteria Streptomyces philanthi that are associated with ...
... By Nathan Gray 09-Jan-2014. - Last ... Bacterial functionality​. Alkema and her colleagues noted that determining the functionality and performance of a bacterial ... The GENOBOX platform will allow industry to determine specific functional benefits of bacterial species in a fast, cheap, and ... manage and interpret these data the GENOBOX consortium aims to predict the functional properties of bacterial strains based ...
... enhancer-gene maps of 131 human cell types and tissues, use of nanopore sequencing to uncover DNA methylation in bacteria, and ... Nature Papers Present Enhancer-Gene Maps, Bacterial Methylomes Detected from Nanopore Sequencing, More Apr 08, 2021 , staff ... Among their findings are new genes and pathways related to inflammatory bowel disease, hundreds of genes that appear to control ... which predicts which enhancers regulate which genes, to create enhancer-gene maps in 131 human cell types and tissues, then ...
... jumping genes) and mouse retrovirus DNA (HIV is a retrovirus). Thus gene-editing is a potential mechanism for horizontal gene ... Gene-Editing Unintentionally Adds Bovine DNA, Goat DNA, and Bacterial DNA, Mouse Researchers Find. ... Gene-editing versus GMOs. What these recent findings also highlight is a more general, but little-discussed, aspect of gene- ... Each of Recombinetics calves possessed two antibiotic resistance genes, along with other segments of superfluous bacterial DNA ...
I present Bacterial Gene Neighborhood Investigation Environment, or BactoGeNIE, a new comparative gene neighborhood ... comparative bacterial gene neighborhood analysis. This approach demands scalable visualization designs that accommodate ... and application of color tags to genes of interest.,br,,br, 3) BactoGeNIE is the first to employ a dynamic ’gene ... The state of the art competitor visualizations handle no more than 9 gene neighborhoods.,br,,br, 2) BactoGeNIE is the first ...
By analyzing the genes of bacteria, University of Florida researchers have moved a step closer to pinpointing how two brain ... Analysis of bacterial genes may help ID cause of dog brain disease, say UF researchers. Dr. Dan Brown and bioscientist Dina ... Analysis of bacterial genes may help ID cause of dog brain disease, say UF researchers Published On ... Analysis of bacterial genes may help ID cause of dog brain disease, say UF researchers ...
... whereas the opd gene was 99% similar to opd gene of Sphingobium fuliginis and the pytY gene was 99% similar to pytY gene of ... The presence of three genes; methyl parathion- degradation gene (mpd) and Organophosphate-degradation gene (opd) as well as ... Degradation of Profenofos and λ-Cyhalothrin Using Endogenous Bacterial Isolates and Detection of the Responsible Genes Reda R ... The genes encoding organophosphorus hydrolase (mpd and opd) and pyrethroid-degrading esterase gene (pytY) were cloned using a ...
nCounter PlexSet Preselected Pathway Panel Immune Response to Bacterial Infection Human-Mouse Gene List is a part of ... nCounter PlexSet Preselected Pathway Panel Immune Response to Bacterial Infection Human-Mouse Gene List. ...
Pie charts of median values of bacterial genera present in fecal samples of African and European children. Range. Graph - link ... 16S rRNA Gene Surveys Reveal Hierarchical Separation of the Two Pediatric Populations. We further assessed differences in the ... total bacterial community at the single sample level by clustering the EU and BF samples according to their bacterial genera as ... Ratio between number of genes in human gut "metagenome" and human eukaryotic genome. ...
... as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.. ... A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) ...
... a Docker workflow for data mining and visualization of bacterial pan-genomes and biosynthetic gene clusters ... BGDMdocker: a Docker workflow for data mining and visualization of bacterial pan-genomes and biosynthetic gene clusters All ... This work describes a pipeline "BDGMdockter" for analysis and visualization of bacterial pan-genomes and biosynthetic gene ... a Docker workflow for data mining and visualization of bacterial pan-genomes and biosynthetic gene clusters (v0.2). PeerJ ...
Bacterial community structure and denitrifier (nir-gene) abundance in soil water and groundwater beneath agricultural land in ... Bacterial communities in soil water and bore water were distinct (P , 0.05), and a primary factor linked with bacterial ... Wakelin, Steven A., Nelson, Paul N., Armour, John D., Rasiah, Vellupillai, and Colloff, Matthew J. (2011) Bacterial community ... Copy numbers of both genes were greater in soil water samples than groundwater (P = 0.05), with the difference in nirK being ...
Bacterial infections after use of stem cell products - January 28, 2019. mcr-1 Gene. *First mcr-1 Gene in E. coli Bacteria ... Summary: Bacterial contamination of organ preservation solution used in transplant surgery. Potentially contaminated products ...
Bacterial community; Bacterial interactions; Cd contamination; Cd resistant bacteria; Elemental cycling genes ... Shifts in bacterial diversity, interactions and microbial elemental cycling genes under cadmium contamination in paddy soil: ... Shifts in bacterial diversity, interactions and microbial elemental cycling genes under ca ... Bacterial diversity and community structure significantly changed under Cd contamination. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were ...
As central microbiota functions are determined by bacterial community networks, it is important to gain insight into the ... Here, we focused on the growth and metabolic interactions of the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM12) synthetic bacterial community, ... Metabolic network reconstruction in combination with metabolomics analysis of bacterial culture supernatants provided insights ... Quantitative PCR of bacterial 16 S rRNA genes. Quantitative PCR was performed as described previously [23]. 5 ng gDNA was used ...
... three-tiered experimental system successfully spanned the lab-to-field gap and identified beneficial and deleterious bacterial ... Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The 16S rRNA gene Pair-End (PE) amplicon sequencing on V4-V5 regions using the primers 515F ... Improved bacterial 16S rRNA gene (v4 and v4-5) and fungal internal transcribed spacer marker gene primers for microbial ... Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. DNA was quantified and then amplified in 96-well plates with single indexed ...
Bioinformatics and Bacterial Virulence: Identifying Novel Genes Required for the Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. * ... Bioinformatics and Bacterial Virulence: Identifying Novel Genes Required for the Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. ... Variation in bacterial flagellins: from sequence to structure. Beatson, S., Minamino, T. & Pallen, M., 1 Jan 2006, In: Trends ...
We have used multi-species protein-protein comparisons to generate a high-quality set of genes that are persistent in bacterial ... Genes for ribosomal proteins show a very slow rate of evolution. This is consistent with a strong tendency for the genes to ... Persistent genes for non-ribosomal proteins can be separated into two classes according to tendency to participate in operons. ... Genes with a weak tendency for operon participation tend to produce proteins with more interaction partners, but possibly in ...
Investigation of bacterial and fungal communities in indoor and outdoor air of elementary school classrooms by 16s rRNA gene ... Investigation of bacterial and fungal communities in indoor and outdoor air of elementary school classrooms by 16s rRNA gene ... "Investigation of bacterial and fungal communities in indoor and outdoor air of elementary school classrooms by 16s rRNA gene ... "Investigation of bacterial and fungal communities in indoor and outdoor air of elementary school classrooms by 16s rRNA gene ...
... influences the overall gene expression in S. aureus. Deleted and complemented S. aureus strains were analyzed for their ... systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. They express toxic peptides whose overexpression leads to growth ... A wealth of TA gene loci are present on bacterial plasmids, phages, and chromosomes [1]. These modules thrive in many bacterial ... Thus, TA gene pairs act as effectors of dormancy and persistence and contribute to the generation of non-growing bacterial ...
Bacterial transformation is carried out by numerous interacting bacterial gene products. Evolution in bacteria was previously ... Bacterial DNA is placed into the bacteriophage genome via bacterial transduction. In bacterial conjugation, DNA is transferred ... For example, bacterial recombination has been shown to promote the transfer of multi drug resistance genes via homologous ... Genes. 11 (11): 1239. doi:10.3390/genes11111239. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 7690428. PMID 33105635. "Bacterial Conjugation". Biology ...
... through acquired genes located on transposons or conjugative plasmids, is the horizontal transmission of genes required for a ... were used for the identification of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The IncFIB plasmid was detected as the most prevalent ... This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Genomes and Evolution by Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT)). ... Gene Name. n. Gene Name. n. Gene Name. n. Gene Name. n. ... M genes with other genes corresponding to resistance against ...
S. aureus isolated from nasal swabs were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility, spa type and absence of the scn gene. ... Animals; Livestock; Livestock-industry; Bacteria; Bacterial-infections; Agriculture; Agricultural-industry; Antibiotics; Nasal- ...
Aldose-Ketose Isomerases, Base Sequence, Carbohydrate Epimerases, Ethanol, Fermentation, Genes, Bacterial, Molecular Sequence ... Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphoglycerate Kinase; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Thermus ... The Thermus thermophilus xylA gene encoding xylose (glucose) isomerase was cloned and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... article{7abdaa5b-de47-42d6-b033-1a5e1f263eb0, abstract = {{,p,The Thermus thermophilus xylA gene encoding xylose (glucose) ...
... represents a bacterial infection of the prostate gland. CBP causes an associated symptom complex, the hallmark of which is the ... Are All Genes Created Equal in Prostate Cancer Outcomes? 0.25 CME / CE / ABIM MOC Credits Clinical Review ... Bacterial virulence. Bacterial P-fimbriae facilitate colonization of the lower urinary tract by binding to urothelial receptors ... Chronic bacterial prostatitis (leukocytosis in prostatic fluid, positive bacterial cultures, no systemic signs of infection) ...
  • Like group A Streptococcus, many pathogenic bacteria have completely sequenced genomes, but we don't know what most of the genes are doing. (scienceblog.com)
  • By using a specialist bioinformatics infrastructure and expertise to develop, manage and interpret these data the GENOBOX consortium aims to predict the functional properties of bacterial strains based solely on their genomic sequencing and will compare the data with hundreds of genomes of micro-organisms available in the public domain. (nutraingredients.com)
  • For most commercial applications gene-editing's appeal is simplicity and precision: it alters genomes at precise sites and without inserting foreign DNA. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • My high-density genome data visualization approach relies on interactive visual queries to transform large data volumes into high-resolution comparative genomic maps, that use pre-attentive visual cues to address analytic tasks for comparative gene neighborhood investigations across large volumes of complete bacterial genomes. (uic.edu)
  • describes BGDM Docker - a tool specifically designed to evaluate bacterial pan-genomes. (peerj.com)
  • Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. (mdpi.com)
  • The final result of conjugation, transduction, and/or transformation is the production of genetic recombinants, individuals that carry not only the genes they inherited from their parent cells but also the genes introduced to their genomes by conjugation, transduction, and/or transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we analyzed all genes from sequenced plastid genomes to unearth any neglected cases of HGT and to obtain a measure of the overall extent of HGT to the plastid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show evidence for the presence of photosystem I (PSI) genes in the genomes of viruses that infect these marine cyanobacteria, using pre-existing metagenomic data from the global ocean sampling expedition as well as from viral biomes. (nih.gov)
  • The seven cyanobacterial core PSI genes identified in this study, psaA, B, C, D, E, K and a unique J and F fusion, form a cluster in cyanophage genomes, suggestive of selection for a distinct function in the virus life cycle. (nih.gov)
  • A protein secreted by bacteria to kill other microbes has been re-engineered to tweak DNA inaccessible to other gene editors, scientists report online July 8 in Nature . (sciencenews.org)
  • We hypothesized that there must be genes in the bacteria important for invading soft tissues and surviving under the skin. (scienceblog.com)
  • These genes would be good targets for a vaccine or treatment because the bacteria missing these genes did not flourish in the infection site. (scienceblog.com)
  • This is a prime location for gene products involved in infection because many dangerous bacteria secrete toxins or proteins through the membrane to attack the host. (scienceblog.com)
  • By analyzing the genes of bacteria, University of Florida researchers have moved a step closer to pinpointing how two brain disorders common in small-breed dogs occur. (ufl.edu)
  • The researchers are continuing to analyze the effects of bacterial infection on immune system cells known as macrophages to determine how the bacteria could breach the blood-brain barrier. (ufl.edu)
  • As central microbiota functions are determined by bacterial community networks, it is important to gain insight into the principles that govern bacteria-bacteria interactions. (nature.com)
  • Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in bacteria characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called donor to another organism as recipient. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, bacteria also import genes in a process called homologous recombination, first discovered by the observation of mosaic genes at loci encoding antibiotic resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • AMR, through acquired genes located on transposons or conjugative plasmids, is the horizontal transmission of genes required for a given bacteria to withstand antibiotics. (mdpi.com)
  • By contrast, metagenomic sequencing was a "single diagnostic test with precise and clear quantitative detection of clinically important species and antibiotic-resistance genes of MDR bacteria relative to the abundance of all other species and antibiotic-resistance genes within the gut microbiota. (genomeweb.com)
  • Because sea ice has only been extensive on Earth since the mid-Eocene, it has been hypothesized that bacteria highly adapted to inhabit sea ice have traits that have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). (edu.au)
  • XDR Shigella strains can spread antimicrobial resistance genes to other enteric bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacterial meningitis can be caused by several types of bacteria including Streptococcus pneumonia or Neisseria meningitidis ( N.meningitidis ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Each of Recombinetics' calves possessed two antibiotic resistance genes, along with other segments of superfluous bacterial DNA. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • For example, bacterial recombination has been shown to promote the transfer of multi drug resistance genes via homologous recombination that goes beyond levels purely obtained by mutation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Agrilife24.com: Researchers from the International Rice Research Institute and Oklahoma State University reported a gene (B5) that could provide cotton plants with broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight. (agrilife24.com)
  • An analysis of the results indicated that there was little overlap between the three groups, "indicating distinct species and antibiotic resistance gene composition between all groups," the authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • Looking at antibiotic resistance genes, they identified 60 that best classified the samples, although there was no difference in the abundance of drug-resistance genes between groups. (genomeweb.com)
  • The inpatient and outpatient cohorts had a somewhat surprisingly similar proportion of antibiotic-resistance genes. (genomeweb.com)
  • In particular, the authors were "surprised to find a relatively high prevalence of clinically important bacterial species and antibiotic-resistance genes" in outpatient samples, despite not being on antibiotics at the time. (genomeweb.com)
  • The researchers did identify differences between the inpatient and outpatient groups when looking at specific types of antibiotic-resistance genes. (genomeweb.com)
  • For instance, two inpatient samples, or 24 percent, had the vancomycin regulatory resistance gene, while none had that gene in the outpatient group. (genomeweb.com)
  • Meanwhile, more than half of the outpatient cohort had an AmpC resistance gene, while 24 percent of inpatient samples had that gene. (genomeweb.com)
  • When comparing the sequencing method to culture, the researchers found that the culture missed several drug-resistance genes and was "cumbersome and required additional testing given the growth of isolates not intended to be selected on all types of screening media. (genomeweb.com)
  • The researchers noted that their next step would be to develop prediction models in order to better stratify patients according to their risk of developing a multi-drug resistance bacterial based on their metagenomic sequencing profile. (genomeweb.com)
  • We found that the COR and jasmonate isoleucine (JA-Ile) co-receptor JAZ2 is constitutively expressed in guard cells and modulates stomatal dynamics during bacterial invasion We analyzed tissue expression patterns of AtJAZ genes and measured stomata opening and pathogen resistance in loss- and gain-of-function mutants. (nih.gov)
  • One approach made use of the temperature sensitive gene replacement vector pKO3 that contains genes for chloramphenicol resistance and levansucrase, which is lethal to E. coli in the presence of sucrose. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Here, we report a new strain with chromosomally integrated ethanologenic pathway under the control of a constitutive promoter, without recombinant plasmids and resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in all six genes cause resistance to the bacterial pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum, and most of these mutations also affect bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation by Yersinia species, demonstrating that both infection and biofilm formation depend on interaction with complex surface carbohydrates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • data are preliminary and based on broth microdilution susceptibility testing and/or presence of resistance genes and mutations found in whole genome sequences of bacterial DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • Only one position, 91 (83 in E.coli gyrA gene), was linked to CIP resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The evolution of gyrA gene of CC4821 N.meningitidis strains is not dependent on CC4821 evolution or on CIP resistance phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analyzing the evolution of gyrA gene within CC4821 strains is critical to monitor the CIP resistance phenotype and the acquisition of new resistance markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cefoxitin (30g) was used as surrogate to determine phenotypic methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates, and the methicillin resistance ( mec A) gene was detected by conventional PCR assay. (who.int)
  • 24. Yet another alarming signal was China's detection last year, in animal and human samples, of a mechanism of drug resistance, involving the mcr-1 gene, that is easily transferred from one bacterial strain to others, including some with epidemic potential. (who.int)
  • The GENOBOX platform will allow industry to determine specific functional benefits of bacterial species in a fast, cheap, and reproducible way, according to NIZO Food Research - who coordinate the consortium behind the platform. (nutraingredients.com)
  • To enable nanopore sequencing for broad methylation discovery, they generated a training dataset from an assortment of bacterial species and develop a technique that combines the identification and fine mapping of the three forms of methylation into a multi-label classification framework. (genomeweb.com)
  • Cd resistant genera Massilia, Burkholderia , Streptomyces and Methylobacterium were essential to bacterial interactions via building connections with non-resistant species. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ability to undergo natural transformation is present in at least 67 bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural transformation is common among pathogenic bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metagenomic profiling revealed 8302 bacterial, 395 archaeal, 744 fungal, 524 protist and 1103 viral species in classroom dust. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most, if not all of these transfers seem to be the result of a gene being transferred from the mitochondrial genome of one species to that of another. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While they identified over 2,000 distinct bacterial species, further analysis revealed that 79 species tended to classify samples into their respective cohorts. (genomeweb.com)
  • The complete sequence of gyrA gene from 77 strains are reported in this study and analyzed in the context of publicly available sequences from N. meningitidis of other CCs as well as other Neisseria species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, RP2 aims to develop host-directed therapeutics that harness innate intracellular defense mechanisms through induction of autophagy for the treatment of bacterial pathogens including S. Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, multiple-drug-resistant strains thereof, and additional priority pathogens with RP1, RP3, and RP4. (grantome.com)
  • The isolation of bacterial pathogens resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics from pregnant women symptomatic and asymptomatic for UTI calls for early screening of all pregnant women for UTI during antenatal care service delivery. (who.int)
  • In conclusion, a three-tiered experimental system successfully spanned the lab-to-field gap and identified beneficial and deleterious bacterial strains for sorghum under drought. (nature.com)
  • The current study aimed to use Coagulase gene polymorphism to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. (hindawi.com)
  • The aim of this study was to use coa gene polymorphism to identify MRSA subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Upper Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these typing methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. (hindawi.com)
  • The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the DNA gyrase A ( gyrA ) gene from N.meningitidis CC4821 strains collected in China between 1978 and 2016. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the strains that are sharing the sequence of 4 or more genes (identified as a number for convenience) among the 7 genes used to determine STs could be classified into the same clonal complex (CC) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identified isolates were tested by Coagulase gene RFLP typing. (hindawi.com)
  • This study was aimed at determining the urinary bacterial isolates and their susceptibility to selected antibiotics among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of selected Hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria. (who.int)
  • Four of the 9 (44.4%) CoNS isolates were cefoxitin resistant and all the 4 (100%) carried mec A gene. (who.int)
  • Transposons, also known as jumping genes, are short sequences of DNA that physically move within a genome, mutating genes by jumping into them. (scienceblog.com)
  • Based on patterns in their DNA sequences, these genes likely encode proteins in the bacterial membrane. (scienceblog.com)
  • In this thesis, I present Bacterial Gene Neighborhood Investigation Environment, or BactoGeNIE, a new comparative gene neighborhood visualization designed to address large volumes of bacterial genome sequences and explore the design decisions that best take advantage of large, high-resolution environments. (uic.edu)
  • Based on the results of phylogenetic similarity of 16SrDNA gene sequences, strain DB17 was identified to be Pseudomonas putida. (omicsonline.org)
  • 80% of all rRNA gene sequences originated from proteobacteria. (edu.au)
  • A box plot showing the different gene clusters ranked according to average pair-wise bit score of the protein sequences (BitScore) normalised against alignment length (AliLen). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our search relied primarily on phylogenetic analyses, but also involved scrutiny of each potential case (including generation of new gene sequences from phylogenetically relevant taxa) to rule out artifacts and various types of homoplasy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA sequence analysis of the 3′-end of the Coagulase ( coa ) gene revealed heterogeneity in the 81 bp tandem repeats region that encoding repeated 27-amino-acid sequences in the C-terminal region. (hindawi.com)
  • The patterns of 16S rRNA sequences found in phage metagenomes did not follow changes in the total bacterial community. (qub.ac.uk)
  • These frameshift mutations in probably inactivated genes are indicators of an incipient genome erosion in Streptomyces philanthi . (mpg.de)
  • At least 20 RPSA gene mutations have been identified in individuals with isolated congenital asplenia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • RPSA gene mutations are thought to reduce the amount of functional ribosomal protein SA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is unclear why RPSA gene mutations solely affect the development of the spleen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gain-of-function mutations in JAZ2 prevent stomatal reopening by COR and are highly resistant to bacterial penetration. (nih.gov)
  • In some cases, the DNA repair capability provided by recombination during transformation facilitates survival of the infecting bacterial pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this thesis, I present a novel genome data visualization targeting an important area of genomics research: comparative bacterial gene neighborhood analysis. (uic.edu)
  • MLST revisited: the gene-by-gene approach to bacterial genomics. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The researchers identified 273 scf genes as potentially involved in establishing infection under the skin, but two genes stood out: scfA and scfB. (scienceblog.com)
  • However, some patients may have bacterial infection despite negative urine cultures. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, gene expression of AtVPS34 was increased upon infection by Pst DC3000 ( avrRpt2 ), and SA upregulated AtVPS34 gene expression in this process. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results demonstrate the existence of a COI1-JAZ2-MYC2,3,4-ANAC19,55,72 module responsible for the regulation of stomatal aperture that is hijacked by bacterial COR to promote infection. (nih.gov)
  • Shigellosis is an acute enteric infection that is an important cause of domestically acquired and travel-associated bacterial diarrhea in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • In a new study, McIver's laboratory and researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine identified two genes important for invasive group A Streptococcus infections in mice. (scienceblog.com)
  • The genes, subcutaneous fitness genes A (scfA) and B (scfB), may prove to be promising clinical targets in the fight against these infections, as there are no vaccines against group A Streptococcus or effective treatments for invasive infections. (scienceblog.com)
  • Without this organ, affected individuals are highly susceptible to bacterial infections, which can be life-threatening. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of the most common chronic bacterial oral infections, periodontitis, affects the supporting structures of the teeth. (medscape.com)
  • However, because the functional potential of such micro-organisms are largely determined by its genomic sequence that encodes enzymes and proteins, it is theoretically possible to reveal functionalities from sequencing the genes alone. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The RPSA gene provides instructions for making a protein called ribosomal protein SA, which is one of approximately 80 different ribosomal proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recently, core photosystem II (PSII) genes were identified in cyanophages and proposed to function in photosynthesis and in increasing viral fitness by supplementing the host production of these proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Potentially, the seven proteins encoded by the viral genes are sufficient to form an intact monomeric PSI complex. (nih.gov)
  • We show here that six genes (bus-2, bus-4, and bus-12, together with the previously cloned srf-3, bus-8, and bus-17) encode proteins predicted to act in surface glycosylation, thereby affecting disease susceptibility, locomotory competence, and sexual recognition. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genetic features that can be linked to the psychrophilic and sea ice-specific lifestyle of P. torquis include genes for exopolysaccharide (EPS) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis, numerous specific modes of nutrient acquisition, and proteins putatively associated with ice-binding, light-sensing (bacteriophytochromes), and programmed cell death (metacaspases). (edu.au)
  • It is the strongest of the bacterial promoters that we provide and this high level of expression can cause expression problems with some proteins with poor solubility. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • It is the strongest bacterial promoter we sell and this can cause solubility and expression problems with some proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is most often caused by Escherichia coli or other gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, and typically affects men 36 to 50 years of age. (medscape.com)
  • INTRODUCTION broken, which in realistic situations can severly constrain the Transcriptional regulation of effector genes is a highly successful regulatory options. (lu.se)
  • We further assessed differences in the total bacterial community at the single sample level by clustering the EU and BF samples according to their bacterial genera as found by the RDP classifier (Ribosomal Database Project v. 2.1). (harvard.edu)
  • Ribosomal genes are not included. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In serotype 4b, gtcA appears to be the first member of a bicistronic operon which includes a gene with homology to Bacillus subtilis rpmE , encoding ribosomal protein L31. (asm.org)
  • The cells undergo horizontal gene transfer in which the genetic material is transferred. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among their findings are new genes and pathways related to inflammatory bowel disease, hundreds of genes that appear to control different traits through effects in different cell types, and a role for the mitochondrial metabolism-related gene PPIF in tuning mitochondrial function in macrophages. (genomeweb.com)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • Although several genes gave strongly supported conflicting trees under certain conditions, we are confident of HGT in only a single case beyond the rubisco HGT already reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteomic analysis showed that several genes associated with these traits are highly translated, especially those involved with EPS and PUFA production. (edu.au)
  • However, there is still limited research into spatial and temporal variation patterns of bacterial community assemblages in mangrove soils. (frontiersin.org)
  • An increased understanding of the spatial and temporal variation of bacterial communities is critical when assessing delivery of ecosystem services and their role in soil biogeochemical processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Today, in the whole-genome era of microbiology, the need for systematic, standardized descriptions of bacterial genotypic variation remains a priority. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We wondered whether the long-term association with the host has resulted in changes in the symbiont's genome or shaped gene regulation and metabolic interactions between the beewolf and its bacterial partners," explains Mario Sandoval-Calderón, one of the first authors of the study, the motivation for this study. (mpg.de)
  • Here, we focused on the growth and metabolic interactions of the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM 12 ) synthetic bacterial community, which is increasingly used as a model system in gut microbiome research. (nature.com)
  • Metabolic network reconstruction in combination with metabolomics analysis of bacterial culture supernatants provided insights into the metabolic potential and activity of the individual community members. (nature.com)
  • The scientists believe that B5 could be used to develop new varieties of cotton that are resistant to bacterial blight. (agrilife24.com)
  • Expression of genes for the osteoclast markers calcitonin receptor (CTR), cathepsin K (CTSK) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was also increased by B. pseudomallei-infected, but not by B. thailandensis-infected cells. (edu.au)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • If the mutation causes an interesting effect, scientists can identify the mutated gene by locating the transposon, sequencing the DNA surrounding the transposon and mapping its location in the genome. (scienceblog.com)
  • Mutation of lfpA significantly reduced expression of the tested host genes, relative to the response to wild-type B. pseudomallei. (edu.au)
  • Furthermore, heteroplasmic cells plated in the absence of kanamycin resumed WT growth rate and colony morphology indicating that the presence of the disrupted gene was deleterious and/or that the gene product is required in stoichiometric amounts. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Our gene-based typing approach using online platforms such as the Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence Database (BIGSdb) allows the scalable organization and analysis of whole-genome sequence data. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using this assay in concert with other in vitro and in vivo tests, more than 50 native bacterial NTRs of diverse sequence and origin were assessed for their ability to reduce a panel of clinically attractive nitroaromatic prodrugs. (wgtn.ac.nz)
  • An ST is characterized by a different sequence nucleotide for at least one of the 7 reference genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A new bacterial interaction, involving locomotory inhibition by a strain of Bacillus pumilus, reveals diversity in the surface properties of these mutants. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Understanding the presence of plasmid vectors requires an appreciation of the basics of gene-editing, which, confusingly, are considerably distinct from what the word 'editing' means in ordinary English. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • The phylogenetic analysis of CC4821 gyrA gene reveals at least 5 distinct genetic clusters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The plasmid contains a constitutive promoter (OXB20) derived from the region upstream of the E. coli RecA gene. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This plasmid contains a constitutive bacterial promoter that does not require induction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Shifts in bacterial diversity, interactions and microbial elemental cycling genes under cadmium contamination in paddy soil: Implications for altered ecological function. (bvsalud.org)
  • They imply, at the very least, the need for strong measures to prevent contamination by stray DNA, along with thorough scrutiny of gene-edited cells and gene-edited organisms. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Bacterial contamination of organ preservation solution used in transplant surgery. (cdc.gov)
  • This study investigated the response of bacterial community and microbial ecological functions to Cd contamination in paddy soil of East China . (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacterial diversity and community structure significantly changed under Cd contamination . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the case of the lac operon of E. coli, a well-studied system for whether a gene is regulated. (lu.se)
  • The discovery of homologous recombination has made an impact on the understanding of bacterial evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • The importance of evolution in bacterial recombination is its adaptivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial recombination undergoes various different processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the second step of bacterial recombination, branch migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • This suggests that gene replacement somehow occurred by recombination at the very ends of rpl36 , without the level and length of similarity normally expected to support recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These differences in nirK-gene abundance show that there is greater potential for denitrification in soil water under sugarcane, leading to low concentrations of nitrate in the underlying groundwater. (edu.au)
  • The overall elemental cycling genes abundance was negatively correlated to soil Cd content. (bvsalud.org)
  • Actinobacteria (mean relative abundance 49.7%), Gammaproteobacteria (18.4%) and Alphaproteobacteria (10.0%) were the most abundant bacterial classes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • S. aureus isolated from nasal swabs were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility, spa type and absence of the scn gene. (cdc.gov)
  • Further genetic analyses provided hints that the metabolism of the bacterial symbionts is mainly directed towards the production of antibiotic substances necessary for the protection of the beewolves' offspring. (mpg.de)
  • Coagulase gene PCR-RFLPs exhibited 10 patterns that ranged from 1 to 8 fragments with AluI digestion. (hindawi.com)
  • Newly created genome-wide maps of more than 6 million enhancer-gene connections and their use in interpreting the functions of disease-related genetic variants are reported in Nature this week . (genomeweb.com)
  • In the paper, a team led by Broad Institute scientists use their activity-by-contact model, which predicts which enhancers regulate which genes, to create enhancer-gene maps in 131 human cell types and tissues, then apply the maps to analyze fine-mapped genetic variants associated with 72 diseases and complex traits. (genomeweb.com)
  • Today, genetic exchange, or gene transfer is viewed as a major driving force in the evolution of prokaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • validation of novel anti-infective candidates generated by RP1-RP5 as inducers of anti-bacterial autophagy using in vitro and in vivo models. (grantome.com)
  • The results suggest that these two genes are involved in the invasion process and may be potential targets for therapeutics. (scienceblog.com)
  • BGDM Docker integrates a software for genome annotation (Prokka), a software for pan-genome analysis and classification (PanX) and a software dedicated to identify clusters of biosynthetic genes, along with the metabolites that can be produced from such clusters (anti-SMASH). (peerj.com)
  • This knowledge can be used towards development of soil and land-use management practices promoting bacterial denitrification in groundwater to lessen the undesirable ecological consequences where groundwater discharges lower in the GBR catchment zones. (edu.au)
  • Collectively, these results unraveled a novel and broad role of PI3K in plant immunity which promoted stomatal closure and PR gene expression possibly via regulating ROS production. (frontiersin.org)
  • But FDA's findings are potentially trivial besides another recent discovery about gene-editing: that foreign DNA from surprising sources can routinely find its way into the genome of edited animals. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • The genomic islands are rich in pseudogenes, insertional elements, and addiction modules, suggesting that gene acquisition is being followed by a process of genome reduction potentially indicative of evolving ecosystem specialism. (edu.au)
  • Gene reduction analysis revealed that the gene deletion processes are under selective pressure, and many of the inactivations are probably related to the organism's interaction with its host environment. (asm.org)
  • Copy numbers of both genes were greater in soil water samples than groundwater (P = 0.05), with the difference in nirK being greater under sugarcane than banana. (edu.au)
  • 1) BactoGeNIE is a novel visualization design that is the first scalable visualization for comparative analysis of hundreds to thousands of gene neighborhoods. (uic.edu)
  • ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the association of plasma MIF level and -173 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism of the MIF gene with the occurrence, severity and mortality of sepsis patients. (who.int)
  • High MIF levels and MIF -173G/C gene polymorphism are powerful predictors of the severity of sepsis and its outcome. (who.int)