Gelatin
Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
Gelatinases
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
Polygeline
Plasma Substitutes
Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Hydrogels
Microspheres
Matrix Metalloproteinases
Fibronectins
Collagen
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2
Cyclosporin exerts a direct fibrogenic effect on human tubulointerstitial cells: roles of insulin-like growth factor I, transforming growth factor beta1, and platelet-derived growth factor. (1/1076)
To assess the direct fibrogenic effects of cyclosporin A (CyA) on the human tubulointerstitium, primary cultures of human renal proximal tubule cells (PTC) and renal cortical fibroblasts (CF) were incubated for 24 h with various concentrations of CyA. Cytotoxicity was confirmed in both cell populations by dose-dependent inhibition of thymidine incorporation, viability, and PTC apical sodium-hydrogen exchange activity (ethylisopropylamiloride-sensitive apical 22Na+ uptake). Compared with controls, both 500 and 1000 ng/ml CyA significantly stimulated CF collagen synthesis (proline incorporation 4.6 +/- 0.4, 6.5 +/- 0.8, and 7.1 +/- 1.0%, respectively; p <.05) and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 (100%, 85.7 +/- 10.0%, and 38.8 +/- 9.2%) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity (100%, 110.6 +/- 19.0%, and 49.9 +/- 12.8%). CyA did not affect CF secretion of transforming growth factor beta1, but markedly stimulated insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) secretion and inhibited secretion of both IGF-I binding protein-(IGFBP)-3 and IGFBP-2. CyA-induced CF collagen synthesis was abrogated by 5 microgram/ml anti-IGF-I receptor antibody, but not by 5 microgram/ml murine nonimmune globulin. Increasing concentrations of CyA progressively augmented PTC secretion of the fibrogenic cytokines transforming growth factor-beta1 and platelet-derived growth factor. These results indicate that clinically relevant concentrations of CyA are directly toxic to PTC and CF, irrespective of hemodynamic effects, and promote interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting matrix degradation and stimulating cortical fibroblast collagen synthesis via induction of autocrine IGF-I action. The latter effect may be further accentuated by the ability of CyA to augment secretion of transforming growth factor beta1 and platelet-derived growth factor by PTCs. (+info)Increased E1AF expression in mouse fibrosarcoma promotes metastasis through induction of MT1-MMP expression. (2/1076)
In this study, we investigated the role of E1AF, a member of ets family transcription factor, in the acquisition of metastatic capacity by non-metastatic mouse fibrosarcoma cell clone, QR-32. The QR-32 cell clone grows progressively after co-implantation with gelatin sponge in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. The cell lines (QRsP) established from arising tumors after the co-implantation exhibited enhanced tumorigenicity and pulmonary metastasis in vivo as compared with parent QR-32 cells. The enhanced pulmonary metastasis of QRsP cells was correlated well with augmented production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and increased expression of membrane-type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP). The QRsP cells also acquired higher chemokinetic activities to fibronectin and higher invasive activities through a reconstituted basement membrane. Furthermore we observed the elevated mRNA expression of E1AF in QRsP cells compared to parent QR-32 cells. Therefore, we transfected QR-32 cells with E1AF cDNA. Overexpression of E1AF in the QR-32 cells resulted in the induction of MT1-MMP expression and converting an exogenously added precursor MMP-2 into active form. E1AF transfectants exhibited more motile and invasive activities, and moderately increased pulmonary metastatic activities than parental QR-32 cells in vivo, although their metastatic activities were lower than those of QRsP cells. These findings suggest that the increased expression of E1AF in fibrosarcoma contributes to invasive phenotypes including MT1-MMP expression and enhanced cell migration, but not sufficient for exhibiting highly metastatic activity in vivo. (+info)Growth of human tumor cells in macroporous microcarriers results in p53-independent, decreased cisplatin sensitivity relative to monolayers. (3/1076)
Multicellular contact has been shown to influence the in vitro sensitivity of cells to drug treatment. We investigated the use of macroporous gelatin microcarriers, CultiSpher-G, as a convenient laboratory system for the molecular analysis of this "contact effect". We determined that human A549 cells can be grown in CultiSphers with growth and cell cycle parameters similar to those of monolayers. In addition, cells in CultiSphers express less p27/kip1, an indicator of cell cycle arrest, than equivalent cells in monolayers. When treated with drugs, A549 cells grown in CultiSphers or monolayers accumulate equivalent amounts of platinum-DNA adducts and similar amounts of doxorubicin. Moreover, A549 and KB-3-1 cells in CultiSphers have significantly decreased sensitivity to cis-platinum(II)diammine dichloride (cisplatin), 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel (taxol) compared with cells in monolayers when assayed by clonogenic survival. Cisplatin treatment in monolayers or CultiSphers did not result in apoptotic cell death. In contrast, paclitaxel caused a significant amount of sub-G1 DNA, an indicator of apoptosis, which was diminished when cells were grown in CultiSphers compared with monolayers. When grown in CultiSphers, cells with abrogated p53 function (A549/16E6 and NCI-H1299) were less sensitive to cisplatin than the corresponding monolayer cells, indicating that the decrease in sensitivity is p53 independent. Taken together, the data suggest that CultiSpher-G microcarriers are a useful in vitro system to examine the effects of three-dimensional cell contact on drug sensitivity of human tumor cells. (+info)Dietary chromic oxide does not affect the utilization of organic compounds but can alter the utilization of mineral salts in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. (4/1076)
This study was conducted to determine whether the level of chromic oxide supplemented to diets containing gelatinized starch as the carbohydrate source affects digestibility, body composition, growth performances, and liver enzyme activities in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata. Gilthead sea bream fingerlings were fed diets containing gelatinized corn starch as the carbohydrate source and several levels of chromic oxide (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) for 6 wk. No effect of dietary chromium level was detected on carbon, nitrogen, or dry matter digestibility. Calcium and phosphorus digestibility were higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with 5 g/kg chromic oxide than in fish fed the other supplemented diets. Dietary chromium did not affect dry matter, carbon, nitrogen, protein, or lipid concentrations in fish. However, fish fed 5 g/kg chromic oxide generally had higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, and ash than fish fed the other Cr-containing diets. Chromium concentration was significantly higher in fish fed the diets with 0.5 and 1% chromic oxide than in fish fed the control diet. Chromium supplementation of the diets did not affect the specific growth rate, the food efficiency ratio, the protein efficiency ratio, or, protein or nitrogen retention of the fish. Blood glucose and the activity of several liver enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were unaffected by dietary chromic oxide. Alanine aminotransferase was lower in the fish fed the diet with 10 g/kg of chromic oxide than in unsupplemented controls. Our results indicate that chromic oxide can be used as a neutral marker in fish nutrition studies involving organic compounds, but not mineral salts. (+info)Reactivity of the immunoglobulin E in bovine gelatin-sensitive children to gelatins from various animals. (5/1076)
It has been reported that most children who showed anaphylaxis to measles, mumps and rubella vaccines containing bovine gelatin as a stabilizer have anti-bovine gelatin IgE. The present study was designed to investigate the reactivity of IgE in bovine gelatin-sensitive children to gelatins from various animals, and the antigenic cross-reactivity between the gelatins. Serum samples taken from 10 children who showed anaphylaxis to vaccines containing bovine gelatin were used in this study. The level of anti-bovine gelatin IgE in these serum samples ranged from 11.0 to 251 Ua/ml. The IgE in most of the children reacted to kangaroo and mouse gelatins, to which they had had little or no exposure as a food or a vaccine stabilizer. The IgE binding to kangaroo and mouse gelatins was completely inhibited by bovine gelatin, whereas reciprocal inhibition was not complete, indicating that antigenic cross-reactivity is present between the mammalian gelatins. Only one child had strong IgE reactivity to fish gelatins, and this reactivity was not inhibited by bovine gelatin, indicating that no antigenic cross-reactivity exists between bovine and fish gelatins. Most of the children who displayed sensitivity to bovine gelatin showed IgE reactivity to other mammalian gelatins. This reactivity may be due primarily to the antigenic cross-reactivity between mammalian gelatins. (+info)Sensory perception is related to the rate of change of volatile concentration in-nose during eating of model gels. (6/1076)
The relationship between perceived aroma and the volatile concentration measured in-nose was investigated during eating of a model food. Sensory ranking and time-intensity analysis (TI) were used to measure perceived aroma, while in-nose volatile concentration was monitored by atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry, which produced time release data. A gelatine-sucrose gel with a range of gelatine concentrations (2-8% w/w) and flavoured with furfuryl acetate was used as the model food. Sensory scaling showed decreased flavour intensities and TI showed a decrease in the flavour perceived over time, as the gelatine concentration increased. Studies in model systems and in people demonstrated that the different rates of release observed for different gelatine concentrations were not due to binding of volatile to protein in the gel, nor to mucous membranes, but were due to different rates of gel breakdown in-mouth. There were no significant differences in the maximum in-nose volatile concentrations for the different gelatine concentrations, so the amount of volatile present did not correlate well with the sensory analysis. However, the rates of volatile release were different for the different gels and showed a good correlation with sensory data. (+info)Pseudo-proteinuria following gelofusine infusion. (7/1076)
Transient massive proteinuria following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery was observed. It was characterized and attributed to post-operative gelofusine infusion. Gelofusine was found to interfere with dye binding but not immunochemical assays of proteinuria. Proteinuria following gelofusine infusion may not reflect underlying glomerular pathology. (+info)Production and inhibition of the gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinases in a human model of vein graft stenosis. (8/1076)
OBJECTIVES: human vein graft stenoses are caused by intimal hyperplasia, a process which is characterised by extensive degradation and accumulation of extracellular matrix. This study investigated the role of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) - the principal physiological mediators of extracellular matrix degradation - in the development of intimal hyperplasia in cultured human long saphenous vein. DESIGN: experimental study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: paired venous segments with the endothelium intact or denuded were cultured in standard conditions for 14 days. At the termination of culture, MMPs were extracted from one half of the tissue, whilst the remainder of the vein was prepared for histological examination. RESULTS: stereologic analysis revealed that the endothelium intact veins developed a significantly thicker neointima when compared to the denuded venous segments (20 micron v. 0 micron, p=0.006). Quantification of MMPs by substrate gel enzymography demonstrated that the development of a neointima was associated with increased production of the gelatinolytic MMP-9 (p=0. 03) in intact veins. Immunocytochemistry showed that the MMP-9 localised to the internal elastic lumina, which suggested a role in facilitating smooth-muscle-cell migration into the intima. The role of MMPs-2 and -9 in intimal hyperplasia was further investigated by culturing intact venous segments with a therapeutic concentration of doxycycline--a potent MMP inhibitor. These experiments demonstrated that a therapeutic dose of doxycycline significantly reduced neointimal thickness (control 21 micron, doxycycline 10 mg/l-5.5 micron), in conjunction with a significant reduction in the production of MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS: these data suggest that elevated levels of MMPs may play a significant role in the development of human intimal hyperplasia and that inhibition of these enzymes may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of hyperplastic lesions. (+info)Gelatin is not strictly a medical term, but it is often used in medical contexts. Medically, gelatin is recognized as a protein-rich substance that is derived from collagen, which is found in the skin, bones, and connective tissue of animals. It is commonly used in the production of various medical and pharmaceutical products such as capsules, wound dressings, and drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility and ability to form gels.
In a broader sense, gelatin is a translucent, colorless, flavorless food ingredient that is derived from collagen through a process called hydrolysis. It is widely used in the food industry as a gelling agent, thickener, stabilizer, and texturizer in various foods such as candies, desserts, marshmallows, and yogurts.
It's worth noting that while gelatin has many uses, it may not be suitable for vegetarians or those with dietary restrictions since it is derived from animal products.
A gelatin sponge, absorbable is a surgical implant material that is derived from animal collagen. It is prepared in the form of a sterile, compressed sponge which can be expanded with the addition of fluids. The sponge is designed to absorb and hold surgical drainage, promote healing by providing a framework for the growth of new tissue, and then gradually break down and be absorbed by the body over time. It is often used in neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and other surgical specialties for its hemostatic (bleeding control) and supportive properties.
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), also known as gelatinase A, is an enzyme that belongs to the matrix metalloproteinase family. MMPs are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix components, and MMP-2 is responsible for degrading type IV collagen, a major component of the basement membrane. This enzyme plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including tissue remodeling, wound healing, and angiogenesis. However, its dysregulation has been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. MMP-2 is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme and requires activation by other proteases or chemical modifications before it can exert its proteolytic activity.
Gelatinases are a group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that have the ability to degrade gelatin, which is denatured collagen. There are two main types of gelatinases: MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B). These enzymes play important roles in various physiological processes such as tissue remodeling and wound healing, but they have also been implicated in several pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.
MMP-2 is produced by a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. It plays a crucial role in angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels) and tumor cell invasion and metastasis. MMP-9 is primarily produced by inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, and it has been associated with the degradation of the extracellular matrix during inflammation and tissue injury.
Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 are synthesized as inactive zymogens and require activation by other proteases or physicochemical factors before they can exert their enzymatic activity. The regulation of gelatinase activity is tightly controlled at multiple levels, including gene expression, protein synthesis, secretion, activation, and inhibition. Dysregulation of gelatinase activity has been linked to various diseases, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
Medical Definition:
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), also known as gelatinase B or 92 kDa type IV collagenase, is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. These enzymes are involved in degrading and remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, playing crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes such as wound healing, tissue repair, and tumor metastasis.
MMP-9 is secreted as an inactive zymogen and activated upon removal of its propeptide domain. It can degrade several ECM proteins, including type IV collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and gelatin. MMP-9 has been implicated in numerous diseases, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Its expression is regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, and its activity can be controlled by endogenous inhibitors called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).
A capsule is a type of solid pharmaceutical dosage form in which the drug is enclosed in a small shell or container, usually composed of gelatin or other suitable material. The shell serves to protect the drug from degradation, improve its stability and shelf life, and facilitate swallowing by making it easier to consume. Capsules come in various sizes and colors and can contain one or more drugs in powder, liquid, or solid form. They are typically administered orally but can also be used for other routes of administration, such as rectal or vaginal.
Polygeline is a colloidal plasma expander, which is a type of intravenous fluid used to increase blood volume in hypovolemia or shock. It is made up of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecules that are cross-linked with divinyl sulfone and then suspended in an electrolyte solution. Polygeline works by drawing water into the circulation, thereby increasing the volume of the plasma.
It is important to note that polygeline has been associated with anaphylactic reactions and therefore should be used with caution. It is also not recommended for use in patients with renal impairment or those who are allergic to PVP. As with any medical treatment, it should only be administered under the direction of a qualified healthcare professional.
Plasma substitutes are fluids that are used to replace the plasma volume in conditions such as hypovolemia (low blood volume) or plasma loss, for example due to severe burns, trauma, or major surgery. They do not contain cells or clotting factors, but they help to maintain intravascular volume and tissue perfusion. Plasma substitutes can be divided into two main categories: crystalloids and colloids.
Crystalloid solutions contain small molecules that can easily move between intracellular and extracellular spaces. Examples include normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) and lactated Ringer's solution. They are less expensive and have a lower risk of allergic reactions compared to colloids, but they may require larger volumes to achieve the same effect due to their rapid distribution in the body.
Colloid solutions contain larger molecules that tend to stay within the intravascular space for longer periods, thus increasing the oncotic pressure and helping to maintain fluid balance. Examples include albumin, fresh frozen plasma, and synthetic colloids such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and gelatin. Colloids may be more effective in restoring intravascular volume, but they carry a higher risk of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, and some types have been associated with adverse effects such as kidney injury and coagulopathy.
The choice of plasma substitute depends on various factors, including the patient's clinical condition, the underlying cause of plasma loss, and any contraindications or potential side effects of the available products. It is important to monitor the patient's hemodynamic status, electrolyte balance, and coagulation profile during and after the administration of plasma substitutes to ensure appropriate resuscitation and avoid complications.
Hydroxyethyl starch derivatives are modified starches that are used as plasma expanders in medicine. They are created by chemically treating corn, potato, or wheat starch with hydroxylethyl groups, which makes the starch more soluble and less likely to be broken down by enzymes in the body. This results in a large molecule that can remain in the bloodstream for an extended period, increasing intravascular volume and improving circulation.
These derivatives are available in different molecular weights and substitution patterns, which affect their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. They are used to treat or prevent hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to various causes such as bleeding, burns, or dehydration. Common brand names include Hetastarch, Pentastarch, and Voluven.
It's important to note that the use of hydroxyethyl starch derivatives has been associated with adverse effects, including kidney injury, coagulopathy, and pruritus (severe itching). Therefore, their use should be carefully monitored and restricted to specific clinical situations.
Metalloendopeptidases are a type of enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins, specifically at interior positions within the polypeptide chain. They require metal ions as cofactors for their catalytic activity, typically zinc (Zn2+) or cobalt (Co2+). These enzymes play important roles in various biological processes such as protein degradation, processing, and signaling. Examples of metalloendopeptidases include thermolysin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and neutrophil elastase.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that work by inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are a family of enzymes involved in the breakdown and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. MMPs play important roles in various physiological processes, including tissue repair, wound healing, and angiogenesis, but they can also contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease.
MMPIs are designed to block the activity of MMPs by binding to their active site or zinc-binding domain, thereby preventing them from degrading ECM proteins. These inhibitors can be broad-spectrum, targeting multiple MMPs, or selective, targeting specific MMP isoforms.
MMPIs have been studied as potential therapeutic agents for various diseases, including cancer, where they have shown promise in reducing tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by inhibiting the activity of MMPs that promote these processes. However, clinical trials with MMPIs have yielded mixed results, and some studies have suggested that broad-spectrum MMPIs may have off-target effects that can lead to adverse side effects. Therefore, there is ongoing research into developing more selective MMPIs that target specific MMP isoforms involved in disease pathogenesis while minimizing off-target effects.
Hydrogels are defined in the medical and biomedical fields as cross-linked, hydrophilic polymer networks that have the ability to swell and retain a significant amount of water or biological fluids while maintaining their structure. They can be synthesized from natural, synthetic, or hybrid polymers.
Hydrogels are known for their biocompatibility, high water content, and soft consistency, which resemble natural tissues, making them suitable for various medical applications such as contact lenses, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, wound dressing, and biosensors. The physical and chemical properties of hydrogels can be tailored to specific uses by adjusting the polymer composition, cross-linking density, and network structure.
Microspheres are tiny, spherical particles that range in size from 1 to 1000 micrometers in diameter. They are made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials such as polymers, glass, or ceramics. In medical terms, microspheres have various applications, including drug delivery systems, medical imaging, and tissue engineering.
In drug delivery, microspheres can be used to encapsulate drugs and release them slowly over time, improving the efficacy of the treatment while reducing side effects. They can also be used for targeted drug delivery, where the microspheres are designed to accumulate in specific tissues or organs.
In medical imaging, microspheres can be labeled with radioactive isotopes or magnetic materials and used as contrast agents to enhance the visibility of tissues or organs during imaging procedures such as X-ray, CT, MRI, or PET scans.
In tissue engineering, microspheres can serve as a scaffold for cell growth and differentiation, promoting the regeneration of damaged tissues or organs. Overall, microspheres have great potential in various medical applications due to their unique properties and versatility.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes responsible for the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, the structural framework of most tissues in the body. These enzymes play crucial roles in various physiological processes such as tissue repair, wound healing, and embryonic development. They also participate in pathological conditions like tumor invasion, metastasis, and inflammatory diseases by breaking down the components of the extracellular matrix, including collagens, elastins, proteoglycans, and gelatins. MMPs are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that require activation from their proenzyme form to become fully functional. Their activity is tightly regulated at various levels, including gene expression, protein synthesis, and enzyme inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Dysregulation of MMPs has been implicated in several diseases, making them potential therapeutic targets for various clinical interventions.
Fibronectin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that is found in many tissues and body fluids, including plasma, connective tissue, and the extracellular matrix. It is composed of two similar subunits that are held together by disulfide bonds. Fibronectin plays an important role in cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation by binding to various cell surface receptors, such as integrins, and other extracellular matrix components, such as collagen and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
Fibronectin has several isoforms that are produced by alternative splicing of a single gene transcript. These isoforms differ in their biological activities and can be found in different tissues and developmental stages. Fibronectin is involved in various physiological processes, such as wound healing, tissue repair, and embryonic development, and has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including fibrosis, tumor metastasis, and thrombosis.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, and it is a major component of connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, skin, and bones. Collagen provides structure and strength to these tissues and helps them to withstand stretching and tension. It is made up of long chains of amino acids, primarily glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which are arranged in a triple helix structure. There are at least 16 different types of collagen found in the body, each with slightly different structures and functions. Collagen is important for maintaining the integrity and health of tissues throughout the body, and it has been studied for its potential therapeutic uses in various medical conditions.
Collagenases are a group of enzymes that have the ability to break down collagen, which is a structural protein found in connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and skin. Collagen is an important component of the extracellular matrix, providing strength and support to tissues throughout the body.
Collagenases are produced by various organisms, including bacteria, animals, and humans. In humans, collagenases play a crucial role in normal tissue remodeling and repair processes, such as wound healing and bone resorption. However, excessive or uncontrolled activity of collagenases can contribute to the development of various diseases, including arthritis, periodontitis, and cancer metastasis.
Bacterial collagenases are often used in research and medical applications for their ability to digest collagen quickly and efficiently. For example, they may be used to study the structure and function of collagen or to isolate cells from tissues. However, the clinical use of bacterial collagenases is limited due to concerns about their potential to cause tissue damage and inflammation.
Overall, collagenases are important enzymes that play a critical role in maintaining the health and integrity of connective tissues throughout the body.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) is a protein that inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are enzymes involved in breaking down and remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) components. TIMP-2 specifically inhibits MMP-2, also known as gelatinase A, by forming a 1:1 complex with it.
TIMP-2 is produced by various cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. It plays important roles in regulating ECM turnover, tissue remodeling, and wound healing. Imbalances between MMPs and TIMPs have been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular diseases.
In the context of cancer, increased MMP-2 activity has been associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. TIMP-2 can counteract this effect by inhibiting MMP-2, thus potentially reducing tumor progression. However, the precise role of TIMP-2 in cancer is complex and may depend on various factors, including the type of cancer and the stage of disease progression.
Gelatin
Ballistic gelatin
Gelatin dessert
Gelatin microparticle
Mosaic gelatin
Gelatin (disambiguation)
Donkey-hide gelatin
Gelatin silver process
Absorbable gelatin sponge
Grayslake Gelatin Factory
Animal products in pharmaceuticals
Feed ban
Brummel & Brown
Marshmallow
Brewing
Beer
Excipient
Chester Gan
Tiny Tim (musician)
Taylorella
Ossein
Conservation and restoration of photographic plates
Ice Breakers candy
Silver chloride
Zymography
Diagnostic microbiology
Baltimore Stock Exchange
Paule Gobillard
Carrageenan
Hannah Collins
Gelatin - Wikipedia
Gelatin Treats Ulcers
gelatin sticks | Tehelka
Gelatin | BigOven
Captain America Shield Gelatin Mold
DailyMed - LUBIPROSTONE capsule, gelatin coated
Stores Stop Selling Donkey Gelatin Following PETA Asia Exposé | PETA
EWG's Food Scores | Gels & Pectins - Fruit Gelatin & Gelatin Cups Products
EWG's Food Scores | Gelatins, Puddings & Pectins Products
Glycerol Gelatin aqueous slide mounting medium
Gelatin Finings - Midwest Supplies
Gelatin: What it is made of, health benefits, nutrition, and more
What Is Gelatin Good For? Benefits, Uses and More
Gelatin maker lays off workers - Radio Iowa
Everything You Need To Know About Gelatin
Jell-O Orange Gelatin Dessert Mix Box - 3 Oz - Safeway
Chrome Alum Gelatin »
Large Gelatin Capsules
Pear Lime Gelatin Recipe: How to Make It
Orange-Cranberry Collagen Gelatin Squares Recipe
Hello Kitty gelatin - Hello Kitty Hell
Gelatin Safety after BSE
Discarded Fish Scales and the Sweet Science of Extracting Gelatin - Sustainable Blue Economy Conference 2018
Knox Gelatin - Smith's Food and Drug
Gelatin Dessert Calories and Nutritional Information
Order Acme - Pudding & Gelatin
Moving Gelatin In A Translucent World - fusetron
Gelatin: A Healthy Protein Powder | Food Renegade
Health benefits of gelatin1
- In this article, learn about the possible health benefits of gelatin and who may want to avoid it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Powder7
- Gelatin for cooking comes as powder, granules, and sheets. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, 100 grams (g) of dry gelatin powder contain more than 85 g of protein . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Both gelatin and collagen hydrolysate are available as supplements in powder or granule form. (healthline.com)
- Using gelatin as a protein powder is like killing two birds with one stone. (foodrenegade.com)
- Once extracted, it's made into a gelatinous powder that dissolves in hot liquid and becomes more solid during the cooling process (think of gelatin desserts and gravies when they congeal). (doctorshealthpress.com)
- Many people take collagen supplements to combat this effect, but why do that when gelatin powder is a more affordable food source of collagen? (doctorshealthpress.com)
- 100% Pure, unflavoured, organic gelatin powder! (gobiofood.com)
Capsules4
- Knox also went on to develop gelatin for use in non-food applications, such as pharmaceuticals, where gelatin is still used today in dissolving pill capsules. (tastingtable.com)
- Our large size gelatin capsules are ideal for storing either delicate or small items. (emsdiasum.com)
- Vegetarian capsules, such as Banner's EcoCaps, are becoming popular alternatives to gelatin capsules. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
- Gelatin is often used in the shell of soft capsules. (micro-epsilon.com)
Desserts3
- From its carnivorous origins to the strange uses people have found for it, gelatin is about to get its just desserts - pun very much intended. (tastingtable.com)
- When gelatin is mentioned, desserts naturally jump to mind. (tastingtable.com)
- Additionally, our gelatin dessert mix is a versatile ingredient for creating delicious desserts like poke cakes, parfaits, pretzel salads, rainbow layer cakes and more. (safeway.com)
Dissolve3
- Polar solvents like hot water, glycerol, and acetic acid can dissolve gelatin, but it is insoluble in organic solvents like alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- Speed-set method: Dissolve gelatin mix in 3/4 cup boiling water. (safeway.com)
- In half a cup of cold water dissolve the 4 envelopes of gelatin and let stand for 8 minutes. (fiestamart.com)
Snacks5
- Add Jell-O Orange Low Calorie Gelatin Snacks, 4 count, 12.5 oz to Favorites. (fairwaymarket.com)
- Add Jell-O Gelatin Snacks, Low Calorie, Strawberry to Favorites. (super1foods.com)
- Kool-Aid Artificially Flavored Gelatin Snacks Variety Pack is a delicious and fun way to snack. (super1foods.com)
- Add Kool-Aid Gelatin Snacks, Strawberry/Lemon-Lime/Grape, 12 Pack to Favorites. (super1foods.com)
- There are 5 calories in 1 snack (92 g) of Kroger Sugar Free Gelatin Snacks. (fatsecret.com)
Hydrolysis4
- Gelatin is a collection of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals such as domesticated cattle, chicken, pigs, and fish. (wikipedia.org)
- After gelatin hydrolysis was performed, the researchers educed and refined about 30 short peptides, also including glyprolines. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Gelatin is derived from the skin and bones of cows, pigs, and even fish through a process called hydrolysis. (tastingtable.com)
- Gelatin is a polypeptide obtained from the hydrolysis of collagen, an element that makes up skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals. (ugm.ac.id)
Contain gelatin2
- Dairy products from mammals, medical devices made from mammalian products, vaccines and medicines that contain gelatin, and even commercial products such as perfumes and cosmetics may be behind an AGS reaction. (medscape.com)
- Jay Lieberman, MD, a pediatric allergist at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, told Medscape Medical News , "There's still a lot of confusion, and hearing from an expert like Dr Commins helps tease out the not-obvious things about patients who are having more mild symptoms," such as from allergy to dairy or medicines or vaccines that contain gelatin. (medscape.com)
Domestic gelatin2
- Three years later, FDA's Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee (TSEAC) held a public meeting to assess the safety of imported and domestic gelatin and gelatin by-products. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
- On the same occasion, Professor Yuny Erwanto delivered a speech about the importance of increasing domestic gelatin products to fulfill the rising demand in the Indonesian market. (ugm.ac.id)
Form of collagen1
- Gelatin is a form of collagen, a key protein in the body. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Colorless4
- Gelatin or gelatine (from Latin: gelatus 'stiff' or 'frozen') is a translucent, colorless, flavorless food ingredient, commonly derived from collagen taken from animal body parts. (wikipedia.org)
- Gelatin is nearly tasteless and odorless with a colorless or slightly yellow appearance. (wikipedia.org)
- Unflavored gelatin is an odorless, tasteless and colorless thickening agent made from the collagen protein found in animal ( veal , beef , pig) bones, cartilage and skin. (bigoven.com)
- The gelatin extracted during this process is flavorless and colorless. (healthline.com)
Mixes1
- Powdered, sweetened gelatin dessert mixes are also available in a wide range of flavors including lemon , strawberry , peach , black cherry , orange and cranberry . (bigoven.com)
Artificially flavored4
- Jell-O Orange Artificially Flavored Gelatin Dessert Mix lets you add some wonder to your day with a convenient snack. (safeway.com)
- Spoon up a smile with our artificially flavored orange Jell-O gelatin that contains 80 calories per serving. (safeway.com)
- Our artificially flavored orange gelatin dessert is easy to prepare. (safeway.com)
- Enjoy these artificially flavored gelatin cups at work or at home, or pack them in a lunch. (super1foods.com)
Calories2
- Sometimes gelatin is employed in reduced-fat foods to improve mouth feel and volume without adding calories . (bigoven.com)
- The fruity lemon lime gelatin is fat free and sugar free, with 10 calories per serving. (fairwaymarket.com)
Protein13
- When dry, gelatin consists of 98-99% protein, but it is not a nutritionally complete protein since it is missing tryptophan and is deficient in isoleucine, threonine, and methionine. (wikipedia.org)
- Is gelatin a protein? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Protein consists of various amino acids, and gelatin contains several of these. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Consuming gelatin-based products as part of a balanced diet may help promote weight loss due to gelatin's high protein and low calorie contents. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Gelatin is rich in protein, with amino acids that may reduce joint and bone pain, increase brain function and help reduce the signs of skin aging. (healthline.com)
- Gelatin is a protein product derived from collagen. (healthline.com)
- Gelatin is 98-99% protein. (healthline.com)
- Yet this is not an issue, because you are unlikely to eat gelatin as your sole source of protein. (healthline.com)
- Globally, we get through as much as 400,000 tonnes of gelatin a year - it's in protein supplements for body-builders, old-school camera film, as a texturiser for processed foods. (ipsnews.net)
- Gelatin is just a processed version of a structural protein called collagen that is found in many animals, including humans. (foodrenegade.com)
- Not only do you get the added protein you need, but you also get the benefits of eating more gelatin (fewer wrinkles, reduced joint pain, less cellulite)! (foodrenegade.com)
- Well for a start, gelatin is good for you because of its protein and amino acid content. (doctorshealthpress.com)
- Gelatin is an excellent way to cut back on meat consumption yet preserve protein intake. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Acetic acid1
- In this work , the ethylcellulose/ gelatin blends at various weight ratios in water / ethanol / acetic acid solution were electrospun to fabricate nanofibers with tunable physical properties . (bvsalud.org)
Collagen hydrolysate1
- Sometimes, gelatin is processed further to produce a substance called collagen hydrolysate, which contains the same amino acids as gelatin and has the same health benefits. (healthline.com)
Sugar Free2
- JELL-O Sugar Free Lemon Lime Gelatin Cups deliver the great taste of JELL-O Gelatin in a low-calorie choice. (fairwaymarket.com)
- Add Jell-o Sugar Free Lemon-Lime Gelatin to Favorites. (super1foods.com)
Knox2
- Kind and Knox makes gelatin that is used fora variety of products worldwide. (radioiowa.com)
- The next time you find yourself captivated by gelatin, give a nod to Rose Knox - who broke the mold while giving us recipes to put in one. (tastingtable.com)
Bovine2
- In 1994, FDA issued a 'no-objections' letter clearing the use of bovine-derived materials from BSE countries for pharmaceutical-grade gelatin. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
- However, the letter cautioned gelatin manufacturers to 'obtain such materials from non-BSE countries whenever practical, and to maintain records as to the sources of the bovine materials used to manufacture pharmaceutical-grade gelatin. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
Boil1
- Don't let a gelatin mixture boil -this destroys its ability to set. (bigoven.com)
World's2
- One of the world's largest gelatin makers in Sergeant Bluff is laying off30 workers due to slower sales. (radioiowa.com)
- As reported by Reportlinker International, the world's gelatin production in 2020 reached 516.8 metric tons and has the potential to get to 696.7 by 2027, an increase of 4.3 percent every year, with the largest are from pigskin (42.9%), cowhide (28.7%), animal bones (24.9%), and others. (ugm.ac.id)
Tissue7
- Hydrolyzed collagen, like gelatin, is made from animal by-products from the meat industry or sometimes animal carcasses removed and cleared by knackers, including skin, bones, and connective tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- A 2017 study suggests that a supplement combining vitamin C and gelatin may help repair body tissues in athletes and prevent tissue damage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Based on the meeting, FDA issued guidance that charged gelatin importers, manufacturers, and suppliers with determining the tissue, species, and country source of all materials. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
- All types of cells attempted grew extremely well in the gelatin balls: skin cells, connecting tissue cells, cartilage cells, early stages of fat cells, and mammary gland cells. (expertsvar.se)
- Gelatin ( 1 ) is a clear, flavorless substance that comes from combining various parts of an animal, including connective tissue and bones. (doctorshealthpress.com)
- In conclusion, the beneficial effects of gelatin may be the combined results of faster healing of the blood brain barrier curtailing leakage of blood borne molecules/cells into brain parenchyma and to a modulation of the microglial population response favoring restitution of the injured tissue. (lu.se)
- Here we report an tissue, and in this connection water-1H MRD profiles from extensive set of water-1H relaxation data from two widely agarose gels have been reported (10,19,20), but without used tissue models: aqueous gels of agarose and gelatin. (lu.se)
Cups5
- One tablespoon of gelatin is generally enough to gel two cups of liquid. (bigoven.com)
- Our delicious on the go gelatin comes in individual snack cups, perfect for putting into a lunchbox or snacking at home. (fairwaymarket.com)
- These ready-to-eat cups deliver the classic flavor of powdered Kool-Aid flavored drinks in a gelatin form for instant enjoyment. (super1foods.com)
- These individually sealed gelatin cups make it easy to enjoy a tasty snack anywhere. (super1foods.com)
- Store this 12 count sleeve of gelatin cups in the fridge, so they're always cold and ready when you're craving a mouthwatering treat on a hot day. (super1foods.com)
Mixture4
- The viscosity of the gelatin-water mixture is greatest when the gelatin concentration is high and the mixture is kept cool at about 4 °C (39 °F). Commercial gelatin will have a gel strength of around 90 to 300 grams Bloom using the Bloom test of gel strength. (wikipedia.org)
- fold into gelatin mixture. (tasteofhome.com)
- Sprinkle gelatin over collagen mixture slowly, one tablespoon at a time, stirring in between. (betternutrition.com)
- Mix gelatin-collagen mixture into cranberry juice, stirring until all lumps are dissolved. (betternutrition.com)
Peptides3
- The stomach ulcer of various origins is well prevented and healed by short peptides, which are part of gelatin . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- It has turned out that gelatin peptides reinforce resistance of the stomach mucous tunic to ethanol and stress action, decreasing the ulcer area by twice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In the researchers' opinion, not only the above-mentioned glyprolines but also short peptides unknown so far participate in the antiulcer action of gelatin peptides. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Vegetarian4
- Is gelatin vegetarian or vegan? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, vegetarian and vegan gelatin substitutes are widely available in some areas. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- You may have once been told that gelatin is not vegetarian because it is made from the bones of cows and horses. (tastingtable.com)
- There are several benefits of gelatin and gelatin uses are ample, so unless you're a vegetarian (because gelatin is derived from animals, typically cattle), why not add it to your diet? (doctorshealthpress.com)
Gummy1
- However, some gelatin-based foods, such as gummy candies, have high sugar contents and so are not suitable for people with type 2 diabetes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Jelly1
- Glycerol Gelatin or glycerine jelly medium is an aqueous slide mounting media, used for mounting samples in microscopy and histology. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Products4
- Gelatin is a common ingredient in both homemade recipes and commercial products because it's useful for so many purposes. (bigoven.com)
- Following a PETA Asia investigation revealing that donkeys in China are bashed in the head with a sledgehammer before they're skinned and their skins are boiled down to make a gelatin called ejiao , a growing number of U.S. stores have agreed to stop selling products containing this cruelly obtained ingredient. (peta.org)
- Kodak must decide whether to make a major investment in a production facility designed around a new technique for producing the gelatin critical to so many film and paper products. (hbs.edu)
- He revealed that most gelatin and collagen products circulating in the market were imports, although the country was capable of producing on its own. (ugm.ac.id)
Lemon2
- Every lemon lime gelatin cup is made without artificial preservatives or high fructose corn syrup and is great for those keeping Kosher. (fairwaymarket.com)
- Enjoy the refreshingly sweet taste of strawberry, lemon lime and grape gelatin. (super1foods.com)
Glycerol2
- Glycerol alters the hygroscopic property of gelatin and its permeability to water vapour. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Prepared with gelatin, glycerol and phenol. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Amino acid glycine3
- Gelatin contains high levels of the amino acid glycine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Interestingly, gelatin is the richest food source of the amino acid glycine, which is particularly important for your health. (healthline.com)
- Gelatin is the richest food source of the amino acid glycine. (healthline.com)
Alters1
- Moreover, gelatin alters microglia phenotypes and modulates gelatinase activity for up to 2. (lu.se)
Gels2
Cartilage1
- Manufacturers produce gelatin by processing animal bones, cartilage, and skin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Substance1
- The best results were attained using porous spheres of micro format (a few hundredths of a millimeter in diameter) consisting of gelatin--a substance that occurs naturally in the human body. (expertsvar.se)
Soak1
- Soak gelatin in cold liquid for 3 to 5 minutes before dissolving it. (bigoven.com)
Magnesium1
- Additionally, research from 2017 found that when rats with a magnesium deficiency consumed gelatin, this had a positive effect on one aspect of bone density. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Beef2
- For example, gelatin derived from fish has a lower melting and gelation point than gelatin derived from beef or pork. (wikipedia.org)
- beef gelatin is the most nutritious type. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Refrigerate1
- To add fruit: Refrigerate dissolved gelatin 1-1/2 hours or until thickened. (safeway.com)
Jello3
- This Doctor Who TARDIS Gelatin Mold Set will make exactly that kind of Jello. (geekalerts.com)
- This Spider-Man Head Silicone Gelatin Mold will let you make a Jello Spidey head. (geekalerts.com)
- Heck, the brand name Jell-O has become a genericized byword for almost any gelatin-forward sweet treat, commonly rendered as Jello. (tastingtable.com)
Substances2
- Substances containing gelatin or functioning in a similar way are called gelatinous substances. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, to produce the most promising protective and medicinal antiulcer drugs, the researchers are planning to investigate the action of all substances that make part of gelatin hydrolysate. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Bones5
- Photographic and pharmaceutical grades of gelatin generally are sourced from cattle bones and pig skin. (wikipedia.org)
- The bones and organs of some animals contain the amino acids in gelatin, and by eating gelatin, a person can obtain these amino acids. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- That's the natural gelatin you've leached from those bones doing its thing. (tastingtable.com)
- It is estimated that Indonesia was actually capable of having a total of up to 7,800 tons of gelatin from both skin and bones in 2019 but opted for importing as many as 4,800 tons instead. (ugm.ac.id)
- Usually, gelatin is gathered from skin and bones and produced for food, pharmaceuticals, or health purposes. (ugm.ac.id)
Made4
- What is gelatin made of, and is it good for you? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- What is gelatin made of? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Gelatin is a product made by cooking collagen. (healthline.com)
- However, it is often made with gelatin which is not vegan-friendly! (onegreenplanet.org)
Supplements2
- The only side effects reported with gelatin supplements are an unpleasant taste, and feelings of fullness. (healthline.com)
- Gelatin supplements can help with joint pain and health by reducing inflammation. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Organic2
- Organic porcine gelatin. (gobiofood.com)
- So glad to find this organic source of Gelatin. (gobiofood.com)
Flavor1
- D´Gari® has the widest line of gelatins, with a great variety of flavors, firm consistency and delicious flavor. (frysfood.com)
Dissolves1
- Moreover, by embedding the dummy probes in a gelatin matrix that dissolves shortly following implantation, neuronal cell death surrounding chronically (6 weeks) implanted electrodes was, for the first time, abolished. (lu.se)
Strawberry1
- How about strawberry gelatin strewn with chopped tomatoes and pickles? (tastingtable.com)
Bone health2
- Gelatin contains lysine , which plays a role in muscle and bone health . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, more research is necessary to confirm whether eating gelatin can improve bone health in humans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Black Cherry2
- Jell-O Black Cherry Instant Gelatin Mix is an easy to make black cherry flavored dessert. (fairwaymarket.com)
- Add Jell-O Black Cherry Gelatin Dessert Mix, 3 oz Box to Favorites. (fairwaymarket.com)
Individually1
- Each Jell-O gelatin dessert mix is individually packaged in a 3-ounce sealed pouch and makes 4, 1/2-cup servings. (safeway.com)
Mold6
- This Captain America Shield Gelatin Mold is the perfect way to make an Avengers dessert that people will never forget. (geekalerts.com)
- The Captain America Shield Gelatin Mold makes a fun gift for Marvel fans. (geekalerts.com)
- This Marvel Deadpool Gelatin Mold lets you make a Deadpool that you can eat! (geekalerts.com)
- This Hulk Gelatin Mold is perfect for your Hulk themed party. (geekalerts.com)
- This Universal Monsters Creature Gelatin Mold will let you make a dessert that's frightfully good. (geekalerts.com)
- This Universal Monsters Frankenstein Gelatin Mold is going to make quite a creepy treat. (geekalerts.com)
Stir1
- Stir into gelatin until slightly thickened. (safeway.com)