Gallic Acid
Tannins
Picrates
Plant Extracts
Rutin
Hydroxybenzoates
Ellagic Acid
Catechin
Rosaceae
Biphenyl Compounds
Coumaric Acids
Paeonia
Anacardiaceae
Lagerstroemia
Free Radical Scavengers
Antioxidants
Cistus
Phycomyces
Protocatechuate-3,4-Dioxygenase
Tea
Vanillic Acid
Quercetin
Plant Leaves
Anthocyanins
Honey
Fagopyrum
Medical Staff
Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Refuse Disposal
Luteinizing hormone inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in luteal cells from rats on day 19 of pregnancy. (1/390)
We have previously reported that intrabursal ovarian administration of LH at the end of pregnancy in rats induces a decrease in luteal progesterone (P4) synthesis and an increase in P4 metabolism. However, whether this local luteolytic effect of LH is exerted directly on luteal cells or on other structures, such as follicular or stromal cells, to modify luteal function is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of LH on isolated luteal cells obtained on Day 19 of pregnancy. Incubation of luteal cells with 1, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml of ovine LH (oLH) for 6 h did not modify basal P4 production. The addition to the culture medium of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC, 10 microgram/ml), a membrane-permeable P4 precursor, or pregnenolone (10(-2) microM) induced a significant increase in P4 accumulation in the medium in relation to the control value. When luteal cells were preincubated for 2 h with oLH, a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the 22R-HC- or pregnenolone-stimulated P4 accumulation was observed. Incubation of luteal cells with dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM, a cAMP analogue) plus isobutylmethylxanthine (1 mM, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) also inhibited pregnenolone-stimulated P4 accumulation. Incubation with an inositol triphosphate synthesis inhibitor, neomycin (1 mM), or an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, (8,9-N, N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (1 mM), did not prevent the decrease in pregnenolone-stimulated P4 secretion induced by oLH. It was concluded that the luteolytic action of LH in late pregnancy is due, at least in part, to a direct action on the luteal cells and that an increase in intracellular cAMP level might mediate this effect. (+info)8-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate actions on calcium dynamics in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. (2/390)
AIM: To study 8-(N,N-Diethylamino)n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB), a potent Ca(2+)-antagonist, actions on cellular calcium dynamics in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cultures. METHODS: A7r5 VSMC were cultured with Fura-2 measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i. RESULTS: TMB reduced [Ca2+]i from control levels and blocked [Ca2+]i increase caused by norepinephrine (NE) and 2,5-di (t-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ). [Ca2+]i reduction by TMB was further enhanced by ryanodine. CONCLUSION: TMB is an effective agent for blocking the [Ca2+]i increase caused by NE and BHQ and for enhancing the [Ca2+]i reduction caused by ryanodine. (+info)Actions of 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate in vascular smooth muscle cell cultures. (3/390)
AIM: To study the effects of 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells A7r5. METHODS: The effects of TMB-8 were investigated in A7r5 cell cultures with 45CaCl2. RESULTS: TMB-8 reduced the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i in a Ca(2+)-free medium and blocked Ca2+ entry from the extracellular site in a regular Ca2+ medium. The equilibrated total cellular binding of Ca2+ was increased by TMB-8 whereas 45Ca2+ entry activated by both NE and KCl was inhibited. However, the NE-activated Ca2+ entry was not blocked by TMB-8 if TMB-8 was added together with 45Ca2+ at a later time instead of by pretreatment. Similar to actions of NE and KCl, depletion of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) would also activate Ca2+ entry, which was blocked by TMB-8. When TMB-8 was rinsed out alone or together with NE after pretreatment with NE plus TMB-8 in VSM cells, the inhibitory effect of TMB-8 was not affected. CONCLUSION: TMB-8 not only blocks Ca2+ entry from the extracellular site, but also enhances Ca2+ uptake into SR which, indirectly inhibits Ca2+ entry from the extracellular site. (+info)Glutamate regulates IP3-type and CICR stores in the avian cochlear nucleus. (4/390)
Neurons of the avian cochlear nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), are activated by glutamate released from auditory nerve terminals. If this stimulation is removed, the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) of NM neurons rises and rapid atrophic changes ensue. We have been investigating mechanisms that regulate [Ca2+]i in these neurons based on the hypothesis that loss of Ca2+ homeostasis causes the cascade of cellular changes that results in neuronal atrophy and death. In the present study, video-enhanced fluorometry was used to monitor changes in [Ca2+]i stimulated by agents that mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores and to study the modulation of these responses by glutamate. Homobromoibotenic acid (HBI) was used to stimulate inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive stores, and caffeine was used to mobilize Ca2+ from Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) stores. We provide data indicating that Ca2+ responses attributable to IP3- and CICR-sensitive stores are inhibited by glutamate, acting via a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR). We also show that activation of C-kinase by a phorbol ester will reduce HBI-stimulated calcium responses. Although the protein kinase A accumulator, Sp-cAMPs, did not have an effect on HBI-induced responses. CICR-stimulated responses were not consistently attenuated by either the phorbol ester or the Sp-cAMPs. We have previously shown that glutamate attenuates voltage-dependent changes in [Ca2+]i. Coupled with the present findings, this suggests that in these neurons mGluRs serve to limit fluctuations in intracellular Ca2+ rather than increase [Ca2+]i. This system may play a role in protecting highly active neurons from calcium toxicity resulting in apoptosis. (+info)Suppression of extracellular signals and cell proliferation by the black tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate. (5/390)
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), suppressed autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor induced by EGF in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of black tea polyphenols, including theaflavin (TF-1), a mixture (TF-2) of theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-2a) and theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF-2b), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF-3) and the thearubigin fraction on the autophosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors in A431 cells and mouse NIH3T3 fibroblast cells, respectively. First, we examined the effects of these polyphenols on the proliferation of A431 and NIH3T3 cells. Both EGCG and TF-3 strongly inhibited the proliferation of A431 and NIH3T3 cells more than the other theaflavins did. In cultured cells with pre-treatment of tea polyphenol, TF-3 was stronger than EGCG on the reduction of EGF receptor and PDGF receptor autophosphorylation induced by EGF and PDGF, respectively. Other theaflavins slightly reduced the autophosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors; furthermore, TF-3 could reduce autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor (or PDGF receptor) even with co-treatment with EGF (or PDGF) and TF-3, but EGCG was inactive under these conditions. In addition, TF-3 was stronger than EGCG in blocking EGF binding to its receptor. These results suggest that not only the green tea polyphenol, EGCG, but also the black tea polyphenol, TF-3, have an antiproliferative activity on tumor cells, and the molecular mechanisms of antiproliferation may block the growth factor binding to its receptor and thus suppress mitogenic signal transduction. (+info)Calcium recruitment in renal vasculature: NE effects on blood flow and cytosolic calcium concentration. (6/390)
This study provides new information about the relative importance of Ca2+ mobilization and entry in the renal vascular response to adrenoceptor activation. We measured renal blood flow (RBF) in Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo using electromagnetic flowmetry. We measured intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in isolated afferent arterioles utilizing ratiometric photometry of fura-2 fluorescence. Renal arterial injection of NE produced a transient decrease in RBF. The response was attenuated, in a dose-dependent manner, up to approximately 50% by nifedipine, an antagonist of L-type Ca2+ entry channels. Inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization by 3,4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid-8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB-8) inhibited the renal vascular effects of NE in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal blockade of approximately 80%. No additional attenuation was observed when nifedipine and TMB-8 were administered together. In microdissected afferent arterioles, norepinephrine (NE; 10(-6) M) elicited an immediate square-shaped increase in [Ca2+]i, from 110 to 240 nM. This in vitro response was blocked by nifedipine (10(-6) M) and TMB-8 (10(-5) M) to a degree similar to that of the in vivo experiments. A nominally calcium-free solution blocked 80-90% of the [Ca2+]i response to NE. The increased [Ca2+]i elicited by depolarization with medium containing 50 mM KCl was totally blocked by nifedipine. In contrast, TMB-8 had no effect. Our results indicate that both Ca2+ entry and mobilization play important roles in the renal vascular Ca2+ and contractile response to adrenoceptor activation. The entry and mobilization mechanisms activated by NE may interact. That a calcium-free solution caused a larger inhibition of the NE effects on afferent arterioles than nifedipine suggests more than one Ca2+ entry pathway. (+info)Gallates inhibit cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cells. (7/390)
Gallates (gallic acid esters) belong to the class of phenolic compounds, which are abundant in red wine. In this study, we show that gallates can inhibit cytokine-induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and thereby reduce expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Pretreatment of HUVECs with ethyl gallate (3 to 10 micromol/L) significantly suppressed interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha)- or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)- induced mRNA and cell-surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin, which was associated with reduced adhesion of leukocytes to HUVECs. Gel shift assays with the NF-kappaB consensus sequence showed the decreased densities of the shifted bands in gallate-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, gallate pretreatment inhibited cytokine-induced transcription of a fusion gene, which consisted of 4 repeats of the NF-kappaB consensus sequence and the luciferase reporter gene. Immunoblot analysis of nuclear extracts and whole-cell lysates demonstrated the decreased amounts of NF-kappaB p65 in nuclei but equal amounts of inhibitor-kappaBalpha (I-kappaBalpha) in whole-cell lysates of ethyl gallate-treated HUVECs. Incubation of the nuclear extracts from cytokine-activated HUVECs with ethyl gallate did not affect the NF-kappaB shifted bands induced by cytokines in gel shift assays. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ethyl gallate can inhibit cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 by way of a mechanism independent of I-kappaBalpha degradation and thereby suppress expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin, which was associated with reduced adhesion of leukocytes. These results in vitro demonstrate that gallates can exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by blocking activation of NF-kappaB and suggest that these natural compounds, abundant in red wine, may play important roles in the prevention of atherosclerosis and inflammatory responses in vivo. (+info)8-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate reduced [Ca2+]i elevation induced by histamine, serotonin, and glutamate in cultured calf basilar artery smooth muscle cells. (8/390)
AIM: To study the effects of 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-octyl-3,4,5- trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) on intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in cultured calf basilar artery smooth muscle cells. METHODS: [Ca2+]i was examined by a system of measurement of AR-CM-MIC, using Fura 2-AM as a fluorescent indicator. RESULTS: In the presence of extracellular Ca2+ 1.3 mmol.L-1, histamine (His), serotonin (5-HT), and sodium glutamate (Glu) markedly increased the [Ca2+]i which was attenuated by TMB-8. In Ca2+ free Hanks' solution containing egtazic acid 0.1 mmol.L-1, TMB-8 not only reduced the resting [Ca2+]i, but also inhibited the elevation of [Ca2+]i evoked by His and 5-HT. CONCLUSION: TMB-8 reduced the resting [Ca2+]i and attenuated His-, 5-HT-, and Glu-induced increases of [Ca2+]i in basilar artery smooth muscle cells. (+info)Gallic acid is an organic compound that is widely found in nature. It's a type of phenolic acid, which means it contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic ring. Gallic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol.
In the medical field, gallic acid is known for its antioxidant properties. It has been shown to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Gallic acid also has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.
Gallic acid is found in a variety of plants, including tea leaves, grapes, oak bark, and sumac. It can be extracted from these plants and used in the production of pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics. In some cases, gallic acid may be used as a marker for the identification and authentication of plant-based materials.
It's important to note that while gallic acid has potential health benefits, it should not be taken as a substitute for medical treatment or advice from a healthcare professional.
Tannins, also known as tannic acid or gallotannins, are a type of polyphenolic biomolecule found in plants. They are most commonly known for their ability to bind to proteins and other organic compounds, forming insoluble complexes. This property is what gives tannins their characteristic astringent taste and is also the basis for their use in traditional medicine and industry.
In the context of human health, tannins have been studied for their potential beneficial effects on various physiological processes, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibition of enzymes involved in cancer development. However, excessive consumption of tannins can also have negative health effects, including stomach irritation, nausea, and liver damage.
Tannins are found in a wide variety of plants, including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, bark, leaves, and roots. They are particularly abundant in certain types of food and beverages, such as red wine, tea, coffee, chocolate, and some herbs and spices. In the medical field, tannins have been used topically for their astringent properties to treat wounds, burns, and skin irritations. However, it is important to note that the evidence supporting the health benefits of tannins is still limited and more research is needed to fully understand their effects on human health.
I am not a medical expert, but I can provide some information that may be helpful. "Picrates" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. Instead, it is a term used in chemistry to refer to salts of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol), which was once used as a yellow dye and explosive.
Picric acid has been used historically in some medical applications, such as a component in certain topical antiseptics and in histological staining procedures. However, its use in modern medicine is quite limited due to its high sensitivity to impact, heat, and friction, which makes it potentially dangerous to handle.
Therefore, it's important to note that "picrates" is not a medical term per se but rather a chemical one, and any medical application of picric acid or its salts would be highly specialized and unlikely to be encountered in most healthcare settings.
Hydrolyzable tannins are a type of tannin that can be broken down or hydrolyzed by water or weak acids into simpler components. They are polyphenolic compounds that can be found in various plants, including fruits, nuts, bark, and leaves. Hydrolyzable tannins are made up of a central core of glucose or other sugars, which are esterified with phenolic acids such as gallic acid or ellagic acid.
When hydrolyzable tannins come into contact with water or weak acids, they undergo hydrolysis, breaking down the ester bonds that link the phenolic acids to the sugar core. This results in the formation of various phenolic compounds, including gallic acid and ellagic acid, as well as sugars.
Hydrolyzable tannins have a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. They are also known to have potential health benefits, such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, they can also have negative effects on human health, particularly when consumed in large quantities, as they can interfere with the absorption of nutrients and cause digestive problems.
Phenols, also known as phenolic acids or phenol derivatives, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. In the context of medicine and biology, phenols are often referred to as a type of antioxidant that can be found in various foods and plants.
Phenols have the ability to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Some common examples of phenolic compounds include gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and ellagic acid, among many others.
Phenols can also have various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects. However, some phenolic compounds can also be toxic or irritating to the body in high concentrations, so their use as therapeutic agents must be carefully monitored and controlled.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Pyrogallol is not typically considered a medical term, but it does have relevance to the field of pathology as a chemical reagent. Pyrogallol is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(OH)3. It is a type of phenol and can be used in histological stains to demonstrate the presence of certain enzymes or structures within tissue samples.
In a medical context, pyrogallol may be mentioned in pathology reports related to the use of this chemical in laboratory tests. However, it is not a condition or disease entity itself.
Rutin is a flavonoid, a type of plant pigment that is found in various plants and foods including citrus fruits, buckwheat, and asparagus. It has antioxidant properties and is known to help strengthen blood vessels and reduce inflammation. In medical terms, rutin may be mentioned in the context of discussing treatments for conditions related to these effects, such as varicose veins or hemorrhoids. However, it's important to note that while rutin has potential health benefits, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and proper dosages.
Hydroxybenzoates are the salts or esters of hydroxybenzoic acids. They are commonly used as preservatives in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products due to their antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The most common examples include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. These compounds work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi, thereby increasing the shelf life and safety of various products. However, there has been some concern about their potential health effects, including possible hormonal disruption, and their use in certain applications is being re-evaluated.
Polyphenols are a type of phytochemical, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plant-based foods. They contain multiple phenol units and can be classified into several subgroups, including flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, and lignans. These compounds have been studied for their potential health benefits due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties. They are found in a wide variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, wine, chocolate, and cereals.
"Sanguisorba" is a botanical term that refers to a genus of flowering plants in the Rosaceae family, also known as "great burnet" or "salad burnet." The name "Sanguisorba" comes from the Latin word "sanguis," meaning blood, and "sorbere," meaning to absorb, referring to its historical use in medicine for stopping bleeding.
While "Sanguisorba" itself is not a medical term, some of its species have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating wounds, diarrhea, and menstrual disorders. However, it's important to note that the scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, and further research is needed before any definitive medical claims can be made.
If you are interested in using "Sanguisorba" or any of its species for medicinal purposes, it's recommended that you consult with a healthcare professional first to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Dipterocarpaceae is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in the field of botany. It refers to a family of flowering plants, also known as the dipterocarp family. These trees are primarily found in tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia and Madagascar. They are well-known for their tall stature and valuable timber, which is often used in construction, furniture, and other wood products.
While Dipterocarpaceae may not have a direct medical definition, some species within this family do have medicinal uses. For instance, the resin from certain dipterocarp trees has been traditionally used in Southeast Asia to treat various ailments such as diarrhea, skin diseases, and respiratory infections. However, it is essential to consult with healthcare professionals before using any plant-based remedies, as they can interact with other medications or have potential side effects.
Propyl Gallate is a synthetic antioxidant used in the preservation of fats and oils, as well as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Its chemical formula is C10H12O3, and it is structurally similar to other gallates such as octyl gallate and dodecyl gallate. Propyl Gallate works by scavenging free radicals and preventing the oxidation of lipids, thereby increasing the shelf life of products. It has been approved for use in food by regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), but its use is restricted to certain levels due to potential health concerns. Some studies have suggested that propyl gallate may have hormonal effects, genotoxicity, and carcinogenic potential, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Ellagic acid is a type of polyphenol, which is a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of multiple phenol units. It is found in various fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, pomegranates, and walnuts. Ellagic acid has been studied for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish a clear medical definition of ellagic acid. It is not considered a medication or a treatment for any specific medical condition.
A catechin is a type of plant phenol and antioxidant found in various foods and beverages, such as tea, cocoa, and certain fruits and vegetables. Chemically, catechins are flavan-3-ols, which are a subclass of flavonoids. They have several potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Catechins are known to have anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antidiabetic properties. They can also help improve oral health by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria in the mouth. The most well-known catechin is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is found in high concentrations in green tea and has been extensively studied for its potential health benefits.
In summary, a catechin is a type of antioxidant compound found in various plant-based foods and beverages that may have several health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases and improving oral health.
Rosaceae is not a medical term but a taxonomic category in biology, specifically an family of flowering plants. However, many physicians and dermatologists are familiar with some members of this family because they cause several common skin conditions.
Rosaceae refers to a family of plants that include roses, strawberries, blackberries, and many other ornamental and edible plants. Some genera within this family contain species known to cause various dermatologic conditions in humans, particularly affecting the face.
The most well-known skin disorders associated with Rosaceae are:
1. Acne rosacea (or rosacea): A chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting the central face, characterized by flushing, persistent erythema (redness), telangiectasia (dilated blood vessels), papules, pustules, and sometimes rhinophyma (enlarged, bulbous nose).
2. Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea: A subtype of rosacea characterized by persistent central facial erythema, flushing, and telangiectasia without papules or pustules.
3. Phymatous rosacea: A subtype of rosacea characterized by thickening skin, irregular surface nodularities, and enlargement, particularly of the nose (rhinophyma).
4. Ocular rosacea: Inflammation of the eyes and eyelids associated with rosacea, causing symptoms like dryness, grittiness, foreign body sensation, burning, stinging, itching, watering, redness, and occasional blurry vision.
While not a medical term itself, Rosaceae is an essential concept in dermatology due to the skin conditions it encompasses.
Biphenyl compounds, also known as diphenyls, are a class of organic compounds consisting of two benzene rings linked by a single carbon-carbon bond. The chemical structure of biphenyl compounds can be represented as C6H5-C6H5. These compounds are widely used in the industrial sector, including as intermediates in the synthesis of other chemicals, as solvents, and in the production of plastics and dyes. Some biphenyl compounds also have biological activity and can be found in natural products. For example, some plant-derived compounds that belong to this class have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.
Coumaric acids are a type of phenolic acid that are widely distributed in plants. They are found in various foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. The most common forms of coumaric acids are p-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, and m-coumaric acid.
Coumaric acids have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. They may also play a role in preventing chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health benefits of coumaric acids.
It's worth noting that coumaric acids are not to be confused with warfarin (also known as Coumadin), a medication used as an anticoagulant. While both coumaric acids and warfarin contain a similar chemical structure, they have different effects on the body.
"Paeonia" is the botanical name for a genus of plants that includes peonies. It is not a medical term with a specific definition in the context of medicine. However, some peony species have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating inflammation and menstrual disorders. The roots and bark of Paeonia suffruticosa (also known as moutan cortex) have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
In a medical context, if someone is referring to "Paeonia," they are most likely talking about the plant or its extracts. Always consult with a healthcare professional before using any plant or herbal remedy for medicinal purposes.
Flavonoids are a type of plant compounds with antioxidant properties that are beneficial to health. They are found in various fruits, vegetables, grains, and wine. Flavonoids have been studied for their potential to prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer due to their ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.
There are several subclasses of flavonoids, including:
1. Flavanols: Found in tea, chocolate, grapes, and berries. They have been shown to improve blood flow and lower blood pressure.
2. Flavones: Found in parsley, celery, and citrus fruits. They have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
3. Flavanonols: Found in citrus fruits, onions, and tea. They have been shown to improve blood flow and reduce inflammation.
4. Isoflavones: Found in soybeans and legumes. They have estrogen-like effects and may help prevent hormone-related cancers.
5. Anthocyanidins: Found in berries, grapes, and other fruits. They have antioxidant properties and may help improve vision and memory.
It is important to note that while flavonoids have potential health benefits, they should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment or a healthy lifestyle. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "sulfonic acids" are not a medical term. They are a type of compound in chemistry, specifically strong organic acids that contain the functional group -SO3H. Sulfonic acids are widely used in industry and research, including the production of detergents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, please don't hesitate to ask!
Anacardiaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes a wide variety of trees and shrubs. It is part of the order Sapindales, which also includes plant families such as Rutaceae (the citrus family) and Simaroubaceae.
Plants in Anacardiaceae are characterized by their alternate, simple leaves and their small, usually greenish or whitish flowers. The fruits of these plants can take many different forms, including drupes, samaras, and nuts.
Some well-known members of Anacardiaceae include the sumac family (Rhus spp.), the cashew nut tree (Anacardium occidentale), and the mango tree (Mangifera indica). Many plants in this family contain a variety of chemical compounds that can be irritating or toxic to humans and other animals, including urushiol, which is found in poison ivy and poison oak.
'Lagerstroemia' is not a medical term. It is the botanical name for a genus of plants commonly known as crepe myrtles. These are ornamental shrubs or small trees that are often grown for their attractive and long-flowering characteristics. They have no direct relevance to human health or medicine.
Free radical scavengers, also known as antioxidants, are substances that neutralize or stabilize free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons, capable of causing damage to cells and tissues in the body through a process called oxidative stress. Antioxidants donate an electron to the free radical, thereby neutralizing it and preventing it from causing further damage. They can be found naturally in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts, or they can be synthesized and used as dietary supplements. Examples of antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium.
Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that the body produces as a reaction to environmental and other pressures. Antioxidants are able to neutralize free radicals by donating an electron to them, thus stabilizing them and preventing them from causing further damage to the cells.
Antioxidants can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains. Some common antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium. Antioxidants are also available as dietary supplements.
In addition to their role in protecting cells from damage, antioxidants have been studied for their potential to prevent or treat a number of health conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and age-related macular degeneration. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using antioxidant supplements.
'Cistus' is a term that refers to a genus of plants commonly known as rockroses. These plants are native to the Mediterranean region and have pink, white, or red flowers. They belong to the family Cistaceae. While 'Cistus' is a plant genus and not a medical term, extracts from some species of Cistus have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating skin conditions and wounds. However, it is important to note that the medical efficacy and safety of these uses have not been thoroughly studied or proven by modern scientific research.
"Phycomyces" is not a medical term, but a genus name in the fungal kingdom, specifically within the division Mucoromycota. It belongs to the family Physalacriaceae and includes various species of saprophytic fungi that are commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter. They are known for producing large, quickly growing sporangiophores and sporangia.
In a medical context, certain fungal infections can be caused by related molds in the same division (Mucoromycota), but "Phycomyces" itself is not typically associated with human diseases.
Protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ortho-cleavage of protocatechuate, an aromatic compound, in the meta-cleavage pathway of aerobic bacterial catabolism. The enzyme requires Fe(II) as a cofactor and has two subunits: alpha and beta. The alpha subunit contains the catalytic site and is responsible for binding and cleaving protocatechuate, while the beta subunit serves a regulatory role.
The reaction catalyzed by protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase is as follows:
Protocatechuate + O2 -> 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate
This enzyme plays an important role in the degradation of various aromatic compounds and is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, and plants. It has been studied extensively as a model system for understanding the mechanisms of aromatic ring cleavage and has potential applications in bioremediation and industrial biotechnology.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Meliaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in botany, referring to the Mahogany family of plants, which includes around 50 genera and over 1,300 species of trees and shrubs. Some of these plants have medicinal properties, but "Meliaceae" itself does not have a medical definition.
Benzothiazoles are a class of heterocyclic organic compounds that contain a benzene fused to a thiazole ring. They have the chemical formula C7H5NS. Benzothiazoles and their derivatives have a wide range of applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and materials science.
In the medical field, benzothiazoles have been studied for their potential therapeutic properties. Some benzothiazole derivatives have shown promising results as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer agents. However, more research is needed to fully understand the medical potential of these compounds and to develop safe and effective drugs based on them.
It's important to note that while benzothiazoles themselves have some biological activity, most of the medical applications come from their derivatives, which are modified versions of the basic benzothiazole structure. These modifications can significantly alter the properties of the compound, leading to new therapeutic possibilities.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tea" is not a medical term. It generally refers to a hot beverage made by infusing the leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) in hot water. There are various types of tea including black, green, white, oolong, and herbal teas, but these are not medical terms. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to try to help if I can, but it would be helpful if you could provide more context or clarify what you're asking about.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Plant Bark" is not a term with a specific medical definition. In general, the bark refers to the outermost covering of a tree or other plant, which serves as protection and provides a barrier against external threats. It is composed of layers including the inner bark (phloem), which transports nutrients throughout the plant, and the outer bark (periderm), which is made up of dead cells that form a protective layer.
While some plants or plant parts do have medicinal properties and are used in various forms of traditional or alternative medicine, "Plant Bark" by itself does not have any specific medical connotations. If you're referring to a specific type of plant bark with potential medicinal uses, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate response.
Vanillic Acid is not a medical term, but it is a chemical compound with the name 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid. It is a type of phenolic acid that occurs naturally in some foods and plants, including vanilla beans, pineapples, and certain types of mushrooms.
Vanillic Acid has been studied for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, it is not considered a medication or a medical treatment and does not have a specific medical definition.
Quercetin is a type of flavonoid antioxidant that is found in plant foods, including leafy greens, tomatoes, berries, and broccoli. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, such as reducing inflammation, protecting against damage to cells, and helping to reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer. Quercetin is also known for its ability to stabilize mast cells and prevent the release of histamine, making it a popular natural remedy for allergies. It is available in supplement form, but it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.
Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.
Anthocyanins are a type of plant pigment that belong to the flavonoid group. They are responsible for providing colors ranging from red, purple, and blue to black in various fruits, vegetables, flowers, and leaves. Anthocyanins have been studied extensively due to their potential health benefits, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. They also play a role in protecting plants from environmental stressors such as UV radiation, pathogens, and extreme temperatures. Chemically, anthocyanins are water-soluble compounds that can form complex structures with other molecules, leading to variations in their color expression depending on pH levels.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "honey" is not typically considered a medical term. It is a natural sweet substance produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers. Honey is composed primarily of fructose and glucose, with small amounts of other sugars, water, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and various organic compounds.
While honey does have some potential health benefits, such as its antimicrobial properties and its use in wound healing, it is not a medical treatment or intervention. If you have any questions about the medicinal uses of honey or its role in health, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional.
Aerial parts of plants refer to the above-ground portions of a plant, including leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. These parts are often used in medicine, either in their entirety or as isolated extracts, to take advantage of their medicinal properties. The specific components of aerial parts that are used in medicine can vary depending on the plant species and the desired therapeutic effects. For example, the leaves of some plants may contain active compounds that have anti-inflammatory or analgesic properties, while the flowers of others may be rich in antioxidants or compounds with sedative effects. In general, aerial parts of plants are used in herbal medicine to treat a wide range of conditions, including respiratory, digestive, and nervous system disorders, as well as skin conditions and infections.
'Fagopyrum' is the genus name for buckwheat plants, which belong to the family Polygonaceae. There are several species within this genus, including Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) and Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat). These plants are not related to wheat or grasses, despite their name. They are important crops in some parts of the world, particularly in Asia, and their seeds are used as a source of food and flour. Buckwheat is also valued for its high protein content and unique nutritional profile.
Medical staff, in a hospital or healthcare setting, typically refers to licensed healthcare professionals who are responsible for providing medical care and treatment to patients. This can include physicians (both specialists and general practitioners), surgeons, dentists, podiatrists, and advanced practice nurses (such as nurse practitioners and certified nurse midwives).
The term "medical staff" may also refer to the organized body of such professionals within a healthcare institution, who are responsible for establishing medical policies and procedures, providing clinical leadership, and ensuring quality of care. This group often includes both practicing clinicians and those in administrative or teaching roles. Membership in the medical staff is usually granted through an application and credentialing process, which ensures that each member meets certain professional and educational standards.
Satiety response is a term used in the field of nutrition and physiology to describe the feeling of fullness or satisfaction that follows food consumption. It is a complex process regulated by several factors, including the mechanical and chemical signals generated during digestion, hormonal responses, and psychological factors. The satiety response helps control food intake and energy balance by inhibiting further eating until the body has had enough time to metabolize and absorb the nutrients from the meal.
The satiety response can be influenced by various factors such as the type, volume, and texture of food consumed, as well as individual differences in appetite regulation and metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the satiety response is important for developing strategies to promote healthy eating behaviors and prevent overeating, which can contribute to obesity and other health problems.
Glucose metabolism disorders are a group of conditions that result from abnormalities in the body's ability to produce, store, or use glucose, which is a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for the body's cells. These disorders can be categorized into two main types: those caused by insufficient insulin production (such as type 1 diabetes) and those caused by impaired insulin action (such as type 2 diabetes).
In healthy individuals, glucose is absorbed from food during digestion and enters the bloodstream. The pancreas responds to this increase in blood glucose levels by releasing insulin, a hormone that signals cells throughout the body to take up glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy production or storage.
Glucose metabolism disorders can disrupt this process at various stages, leading to high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) or low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). Some common examples of these disorders include:
1. Diabetes Mellitus: A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production, impaired insulin action, or both. Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells that produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion.
2. Gestational Diabetes: A form of high blood glucose that develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that impair insulin action.
3. Prediabetes: A condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes.
4. Hypoglycemia: Abnormally low blood glucose levels, which can result from certain medications, hormonal deficiencies, or other medical conditions.
5. Glycogen Storage Diseases: A group of rare inherited metabolic disorders that affect the body's ability to store and break down glycogen, a complex carbohydrate that serves as an energy reserve in muscles and the liver.
6. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): A group of monogenic forms of diabetes caused by mutations in specific genes involved in insulin secretion or action.
7. Glucose Galactose Malabsorption: An inherited disorder that impairs the absorption of glucose and galactose, leading to severe diarrhea, dehydration, and high blood glucose levels.
8. Fructose Intolerance: A condition where the body cannot metabolize fructose properly due to a deficiency in the enzyme aldolase B, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, and high blood glucose levels.
A medical definition of 'food' would be:
"Substances consumed by living organisms, usually in the form of meals, which contain necessary nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. These substances are broken down during digestion to provide energy, build and repair tissues, and regulate bodily functions."
It's important to note that while this is a medical definition, it also aligns with common understanding of what food is.
I'm happy to help, but it seems there might be some confusion in your question. "Refuse disposal" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used in waste management and public health. It refers to the process of getting rid of waste materials generated from human activities, such as household trash or clinical waste from hospitals and healthcare facilities.
However, if you are referring to the medical management of patients who refuse treatment or disposal of their remains after death, here are some relevant definitions:
* "Refusal of treatment" is a term used in medical ethics and law to describe a situation where a patient declines medical intervention or care. This can occur for various reasons, including lack of consent, lack of decision-making capacity, or religious or cultural beliefs.
* "Disposition of human remains" refers to the handling, processing, and final placement of a deceased person's body. In the context of patients who refuse treatment and die, this may involve arranging for their bodies to be transported to a funeral home, crematorium, or other designated facility for disposal.
I hope this clarifies any confusion. Let me know if you have any further questions!
Day care, also known as adult day services, is a type of medical or social service provided for adults who need supervision and assistance during the day. These services are designed to help individuals who are unable to be left alone during the day due to physical or mental impairments, chronic illness, or disability. Day care centers typically provide a range of services including nursing care, personal care, meals, social activities, and recreational programs. They offer respite for caregivers who need a break from their caregiving responsibilities and can help individuals maintain their independence and quality of life while receiving the support they need.
Gallic acid
Gallic acid reagent
3-Dehydroshikimic acid
Tannase
Shikimic acid
Profisetinidin
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent
Ethyl gallate
Joseph Bancroft Reade
Hexahydroxydiphenic acid
Hultholia
Polyphenol
Pyrogallol
Rhus trilobata
William Lofland Dudley
Methyl gallate
Flavan-3-ol
Theaceae
Procyanidin
Quinic acid
Naturally occurring phenols
Robinose
Areca nut
Tin-based perovskite solar cell
Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery using stimuli-responsive hydrogels
Myrcia guianensis
Bergenin
Digallic acid
Octyl gallate
Antirrhinum majus
Gallic acid - Wikipedia
Gallic Acid (CAS 149-91-7)
A cellular uptake and cytotoxicity properties study of gallic acid-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles on Caco-2 cells |...
Magiran | Protective effects of crocin and gallic acid on the liver damage induced by methylglyoxal in male mice: role of...
Gallic Acid | pHotential Health
gallic acid Archives - CT
JCM | Free Full-Text | The Role of Antioxidants on Wound Healing: A Review of the Current Evidence
Electrochemical removal of gallic acid from aqueous solutions
Prediction of oxidation parameters of purified Kilka fish oil including gallic acid and methyl
The recovery of Gallic acid with Triphenylphosphine Oxide and modelling with Artificial Intelligence - Authorea
View of Preparation of cellulose-graft-polymethacrylic acid nanocapsule encapsulating gallic acid for cosmetic application
Formic Acid 90%, Tech Grade
Antiobesity effects of Chinese black tea (Pu-erh tea) extract and gallic acid<...
Anti-inflammatory potential of ellagic acid, gallic acid and punicalagin A&B isolated from Punica granatum
Synthesis of molecular imprinting polymers for extraction of gallic acid from urine | BMC Chemistry | Full Text
The apoptotic effect of gallic acid and its derivatives on primary cultured endometriosis cells<...
IL-7 and CCL19 expression in CAR-T cells improves immune cell infiltration and CAR-T cell survival in the tumor | Nature...
Optimization of Convective Tray-Drying Process Parameters for Green Banana Slices Using Response Surface Methodology and Its...
Methyl Gallate - Buy Methyl Gallate, Gallicin, Gallic Acid Methyl Ester Product on Fuzhou Farwell Import & Export Co., Ltd.
Communications Chemistry
Global Gallic Acid Revenue Is Nearly 62.6 M USD And Actual Sales Are About 5800.8 MT In 2018 - iCrowdNewswire
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Why Should Pistachio Be a Regular Food in Our Diet?
An injectable, self-healing, and antioxidant collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel mediated with gallic acid and...
Flavonols and derivatives of gallic acid from young leaves of Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roemer and evaluation of their anti...
Enhancing cellular uptake and membrane permeability of gallic acid for breast cancer therapy via folate-tagged PEGylated iron...
IUCr) Towards crystal structure prediction of complex organic compounds - a report on the fifth blind test
Holzforschung Volume 47 Issue 3
Niacinamide: MedlinePlus Supplements
Phenolic acids3
- Previously, the neuroprotection of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the brain has been indicated. (aaem.pl)
- This study measured anticholinesterase activities of 9 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids, singly or in combination. (aaem.pl)
- Szwajgier D, Borowiec K. Phenolic acids from malt are efficient acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. (aaem.pl)
Extraction of gallic acid1
- This study is the first to investigate the reactive extraction of gallic acid by triphenylphosphine oxide, and include fundamental information for the recovery of gallic acid. (authorea.com)
Concentrations of gallic acid2
- In this study, the effects of intracellular delivery of various concentrations of gallic acid (GA) as a semistable antioxidant, gallic acid-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-GA), and cellular uptake of nanoparticles into Caco-2 cells were investigated. (springer.com)
- CONCLUSION: Sensitivity analysis based on the ANFIS model suggested a high sensitivity of oxidation parameters, particularly the induction period on concentrations of gallic acid and methyl gallate due to their high antioxidant activity to retard oil oxidation and enhanced Kilka oil shelf life. (ac.ir)
Ellagic acid6
- Hydrolyzable tannins break down on hydrolysis to give gallic acid and glucose or ellagic acid and glucose, known as gallotannins and ellagitannins, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Oxidative coupling of gallic acid with arsenic acid, permanganate, persulfate, or iodine yields ellagic acid, as does reaction of methyl gallate with iron(III) chloride. (wikipedia.org)
- The compounds ellagic acid, gallic acid and punicalagin A&B were isolated from EtOAc by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and further identified by mass spectrometry (MS). The inhibitory effect of ellagic acid, gallic acid and punicalagin A&B were evaluated on the production of LPS-induced NO by Griess reagent, PGE-2 and IL-6 by immunoassay kit and prostaglandin E2 competitive ELISA kit, and COX-2 by Western blotting. (nih.gov)
- Ellagic acid, gallic acid and punicalagin A&B potentially inhibited LPS-induced NO, PGE-2 and IL-6 production. (nih.gov)
- The results indicate that ellagic acid, gallic acid and punicalagin may be the compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory potential of P. granatum. (nih.gov)
- The fruits are an excellent source of ellagic acid, gallic acid and rutin that contain both anti-viral and antibacterial properties. (naturalpedia.com)
Tannins1
- The other ingredients present are gallic acid, tannins, pectin, and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). (holisticonline.com)
Gallate6
- Gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase catalyzes the glycosylation (attachment of glucose) of gallic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- BACKGROUND: As a result of concerns regarding possible health hazards of synthetic antioxidants, gallic acid andmethyl gallate may be introduced as natural antioxidants to improve oxidative stability ofmarine oil. (ac.ir)
- In vitro endometriosis cells were treated with three dosages of 25.6 g/ml, 51.2 g/ml and 102.4 g/ml of gallic acid, heptyl gallate, and octyl gallate for 48 hours. (ui.ac.id)
- Gallic acid, heptyl gallate, and octyl gallate showed different inhibition pattern. (ui.ac.id)
- On the contrary, 51.2 g/ml heptyl induce 92.5% apoptosis, while octyl showed most apoptosis at 93.1% Conclusion: This study exhibited apoptotic inductor effect of octyl gallate, followed by heptyl gallate and gallic acid and their potency as treatment for endometriosis. (ui.ac.id)
- Buy Methyl Gallate, Gallicin, Gallic Acid Methyl Ester Product on Fuzhou Farwell Import & Export Co., Ltd. (farwell.cn)
Acetic acid3
- Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) reacts with water (such as water in body fluids) to give salicylic acid and acetic acid, as shown in Figure 5.2. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Is acetic acid in vinegar harmful? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- White vinegar typically consists of 4-7% acetic acid and 93-96% water. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
Tannic acid3
- Its name is derived from oak galls, which were historically used to prepare tannic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Galls (also known as oak apples) from oak trees were crushed and mixed with water, producing tannic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Phytochemical analysis yielded quercetin, gallic acid and tannic acid. (stuartxchange.org)
Quercetin1
- Reverse high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to measure content of gallic acid, quercetin in 8-400 ug/ml has good linear relation, measured over the basic content of gallic acid in fruit wine was 0.82 mg/ml, quercetin is 0.94 ug/ml. (atlantis-press.com)
Antioxidant2
- Gallic acid is main member of the polyphenolic family that provides vital antioxidant properties [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- An injectable, self-healing, and antioxidant collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel mediated with gallic acid and dopamine for wound repair. (bvsalud.org)
Ascorbic acid1
- In the study, radical polymerization of the radical initiator was induced by ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide. (ncl.edu.tw)
Anti-inflammatory1
- Since gallic acid usage as anti-inflammatory agent has been elucidated in cancer cells, this study serves to investigate the potential of gallic acid as an apoptotic inducer in endometriosis cells. (ui.ac.id)
Glucose2
- Normal liver function is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis.Gallic acid and crocincan reduce inflammation. (magiran.com)
- Gallic acid and crocin-receivedgroups significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol,triglyceride levels, and elevatedinsulin sensitivity. (magiran.com)
Flavonoids1
- Aqueous root extract of P. zeylanica (PZRE) was analyzed for the presence of flavonoids, sugars, and organic acids using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), and biochemical methods. (dovepress.com)
Witch hazel1
- Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenolic naturally occurring compound in fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, apples, and bananas or other variety of plants and herbs such as oak bark, tea leaves and witch hazel. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino acids1
- Vegetable is an immense store of active chemical compounds and considered as the cheapest and most easily available sources of carbohydrate, fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals and amino acids. (scialert.net)
Trihydroxybenzoic acid1
- Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C6H2(OH)3CO2H. (wikipedia.org)
Highly selective3
- Triphenylphosphine oxide is an organophosphorus extractant and highly selective towards carboxylic acids. (authorea.com)
- The highly selective imprinted polymer for gallic acid was MIPI1 with a composition (molar ratio) of 1:4:20, template: monomer: cross-linker, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
- The highly selective imprinted polymers have successfully extracted about 80% of gallic acid from spiked urine sample. (biomedcentral.com)
Hydrolysis1
- Gallic acid is easily freed from gallotannins by acidic or alkaline hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Organic1
- Molecularly imprinted polymers are the cross-linked polymeric materials and are able to resist chemical and physical stresses such as organic solvents, heat, acid, bases and others [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Vitro and in vivo2
- The antiobesity effects of Chinese black tea (Pu-erh tea) and of gallic acid (GA) were investigated using in vitro and in vivo assays. (elsevierpure.com)
- Ferulic acid induces neural progenitor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. (aaem.pl)
Derivatives2
Carboxylic2
- Formic Acid, Technical is the simplest carboxylic acid and it is an important reagent in chemical synthesis. (sciencelab.com)
- Formic Acid is a carboxylic acid used in the reduction of aldehydes to alcohols. (sciencelab.com)
Sulfuric acid1
- When heated with concentrated sulfuric acid, gallic acid converts to rufigallol. (wikipedia.org)
Fruit2
- clarification needed] Carob fruit is a rich source of gallic acid (24-165 mg per 100 g). (wikipedia.org)
- Green fruit is exceedingly acid. (holisticonline.com)
Study3
- Hu H, Nie L, Feng S, Suo J (2013a) Preparation, characterization and in vitro release study of gallic acid loaded silica nanoparticles for controlled release. (springer.com)
- This study aims to evaluatewhether biochemical alterations caused by methylglyoxal (MG), improves by the administration of gallic acid (GA), crocin (Cr), and metformin (MT) in the liver. (magiran.com)
- In this study, gallic acid was separated by triphenylphosphine oxide in the presence of conventional solvents. (authorea.com)
Apoptosis1
- Apoptosis after gallic acid treatment decreased from 90.1% to 79.2% as the dose is increased. (ui.ac.id)
Syringic1
- Benzoic acid Catechol Hydrolyzable tannin Pyrogallol Syringol Syringaldehyde Syringic acid Shikimic acid Haslam, E. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic1
- Many esters of gallic acid are known, both synthetic and natural. (wikipedia.org)
Acidic1
- Here, secondary electrospray ionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry is used to obtain real-time measurements of VOCs formed during the heterogeneous reaction of gas phase NO 2 and a solution containing gallic acid as a model for moderately acidic aerosol particles. (nature.com)
Researchers1
- The extensive usage of gallic acid made an emphases on the researchers to design and develop new materials and/or approach for monitoring GA from different real samples. (biomedcentral.com)
Protective1
- Cerebral protective and cognition-improving effects of sinapic acid in rodents. (aaem.pl)
Induces1
- having lowered damage of deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) and in human volunteers induces greater activity of repairing ( Southon, 2000 ). (scialert.net)
Fiber1
- Chuysinuan P, Chimnoi N, Techasakul S, Supaphol P (2009) Gallic acid-loaded electrospun poly( l -lactic acid) fiber mats and their release characteristic. (springer.com)
Substances1
- Gallic acid was one of the substances used by Angelo Mai (1782-1854), among other early investigators of palimpsests, to clear the top layer of text off and reveal hidden manuscripts underneath. (wikipedia.org)
Parameters2
- By adjusting experimental parameters, inulin was conjugated with polyphenols to form short-chain inulin-gallic acid complexes, short-chain inulin-tea polyphenol complexes, long-chain inulin-gallic acid complexes, and long-chain inulin-tea polyphenol complexes. (ncl.edu.tw)
- It was concluded that levels of gallic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were more suitable as parameters for process control than those of dhydrocostus lactoen. (who.int)
Grade2
- The classification of Gallic Acid includes Industrial Grade, Pharmaceutical?Grade and Food Grade. (icrowdnewswire.com)
- Industrial Grade accounted for the largest share, about 70% of the overall Gallic Acid market in 2018. (icrowdnewswire.com)
Iron1
- Gallic acid is an important component of iron gall ink, the standard European writing and drawing ink from the 12th to 19th centuries, with a history extending to the Roman empire and the Dead Sea Scrolls. (wikipedia.org)
Properties1
- Developed antimicrobial chitosan/gallic acid films and determined the antimicrobial, engineering properties and microstructure of these films. (usda.gov)
High1
- Administration of MG exerted a marked increase inthe levels of hepatic enzymes.Treatment with gallic acid, crocin, and metformin significantly decreased them.The altered levels of inflammatory factors in the diabetic group were significantly improved in the diabetic-treated groups.High levels of steatosis and red blood cells(RBCs)accumulation in the MG groupmarkedly recovered in other treated mice. (magiran.com)