A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.
The interdisciplinary science that studies evolutionary biology, including the origin and evolution of the major elements required for life, their processing in the interstellar medium and in protostellar systems. This field also includes the study of chemical evolution and the subsequent interactions between evolving biota and planetary evolution as well as the field of biology that deals with the study of extraterrestrial life.
Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Creation and development of bodies within solar systems, includes study of early planetary geology.
Scandium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.
Elements that constitute group 18 (formerly the zero group) of the periodic table. They are gases that generally do not react chemically.
Substances and materials manufactured for use in various technologies and industries and for domestic use.
Small solar system planetary bodies including asteroids. Most asteroids are found within the gap lying between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
The branch of biology dealing with the effect of light on organisms.
Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.
Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.
Cell lines developed from disaggregated BALB/c mouse embryos. They are extremely sensitive to CONTACT INHIBITION, and highly susceptible to transformation by SV40 VIRUS and murine sarcoma virus (SARCOMA VIRUSES, MURINE).
The branch of medicine concerned with the application of NANOTECHNOLOGY to the prevention and treatment of disease. It involves the monitoring, repair, construction, and control of human biological systems at the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and NANOSTRUCTURES. (From Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, vol 1, 1999).
An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.
An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.
Nanometer-scale composite structures composed of organic molecules intimately incorporated with inorganic molecules. (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechology Terms, 4th ed)

C3-fullero-tris-methanodicarboxylic acid protects epithelial cells from radiation-induced anoikia by influencing cell adhesion ability. (1/247)

Anoikia is a type of apoptotic cell death that occurs in cells that are substrate-restricted in their growth. Buckminsterfullerenes represent a new class of chemical compounds with wide potential pharmacological antioxidant activity. In this report we provide the first demonstration that a water-soluble fullerene derivative, C3-fullero-tris-methanodicarboxylic acid, synthesized in our laboratories, is capable of inducing anoikia resistance in epithelial cells by a mechanism involving a 'trophic' effect on cell spreading-associated cytoskeletal components, i.e. on actin microfilaments.  (+info)

Inhibition of Escherichia coli-induced meningitis by carboxyfullerence. (2/247)

The effect of a water-soluble malonic acid derivative of carboxyfullerence (C60) against Escherichia coli-induced meningitis was tested. C60 can protect the mice from E. coli-induced death in a dose-dependent manner. C60 administered intraperitoneally as late as 9 h after E. coli injection was still protective. The C60-treated mice had less tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta production by staining of brain tissue compared to the levels of production for nontreated mice. The E. coli-induced increases in blood-brain barrier permeability and inflammatory neutrophilic infiltration were also inhibited. These data suggest that C60 is a potentially therapeutic agent for bacterial meningitis.  (+info)

Rapid screening for diuretic doping agents in urine by C60-assisted laser-desorption-ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (3/247)

This study describes a matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for rapid screening of 12 diuretics in spiked urine. C60 is used as the matrix for MALDI. Diuretics are directly analyzed by C60-MALDI without previous derivatization. The fact that most diuretic molecules contain sulfate groups accounts for why anions of the molecules can be easily desorbed and ionized in MALDI. Using C60 as the matrix is advantageous because of the low background in the low mass range on the negative MALDI mass spectrum. A clear mass window between m/z 200 and 600 in negative ion mode is also obtained. Only a minimum amount of the sample (< 1 microL) is necessary to perform the analysis. The detection limit of diuretics is approximately 0.1-1 microg/mL.  (+info)

Fullerenes: an extraterrestrial carbon carrier phase for noble gases. (4/247)

In this work, we report on the discovery of naturally occurring fullerenes (C60 to C400) in the Allende and Murchison meteorites and some sediment samples from the 65 million-year-old Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary layer (KTB). Unlike the other pure forms of carbon (diamond and graphite), fullerenes are extractable in an organic solvent (e.g., toluene or 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene). The recognition of this unique property led to the detection and isolation of the higher fullerenes in the Kratschmer/Huffmann arc evaporated graphite soot and in the carbon material in the meteorite and impact deposits. By further exploiting the unique ability of the fullerene cage structure to encapsulate and retain noble gases, we have determined that both the Allende and Murchison fullerenes and the KTB fullerenes contain trapped noble gases with ratios that can only be described as extraterrestrial in origin.  (+info)

Taming superacids: stabilization of the fullerene cations HC60+ and C60.+. (5/247)

A new superacid, H(CB11H6X6) (where X = chlorine or bromine), whose conjugate base is the exceptionally inert CB11H6X6- carborane anion, separates Bronsted acidity from oxidizing capacity and anion nucleophilicity in a manner not previously achieved. Reaction of this superacid with C60 gives HC60+ as a stable ion in solution and in the solid state. In a separate experiment, an oxidant was developed such that the long-sought C60.+ ion can be synthesized in solution. The preparation of these two fullerene carbocations is a notable departure from the prevalent chemistry of C60, which is dominated by the formation of anions or the addition of nucleophiles. The H(CB11H6X6) superacid overcomes the major limitations of presently known superacids and has potentially wide application.  (+info)

Light-independent inactivation of dengue-2 virus by carboxyfullerene C3 isomer. (6/247)

Carboxyfullerene (C60) is known as a photosensitizer for virus inactivation. Its regioisomer with C3 symmetry, named the C3 isomer, could also inactivate the dengue-2 virus without light when the dose of C3 isomer was increased to 40 microM, indicating the possible involvement of a light-independent mechanism. Further analysis showed that the C3 isomer blocked viral replication at the attachment and penetration stages, suggesting that a direct interaction between the C3 isomer and the virion is required for inactivation. The C3 isomer with a bipolar structure showed better lipid interaction and dengue-2 virus suppression than D3, another isomer that contains evenly distributed hydrophilic side chains. Moreover, the C3 isomer selectively inactivated enveloped viruses (viz., dengue-2 virus and Japanese encephalitis virus) instead of nonenveloped viruses (viz., enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus B3). Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that C3 isomer suppression of enveloped viruses is effected through its hydrophobic interaction with the viral lipid envelope. Our report, which demonstrates the light-dependent and -independent mechanisms of C60 on viral inactivation, will aid in the development of novel anti-viral agents for use against enveloped viruses.  (+info)

X-ray crystal structure of an anti-Buckminsterfullerene antibody fab fragment: biomolecular recognition of C(60). (7/247)

We have prepared a monoclonal Buckminsterfullerene specific antibody and report the sequences of its light and heavy chains. We also show, by x-ray crystallographic analysis of the Fab fragment and by model building, that the fullerene binding site is formed by the interface of the antibody light and heavy chains. Shape-complementary clustering of hydrophobic amino acids, several of which participate in putative stacking interactions with fullerene, form the binding site. Moreover, an induced fit mechanism appears to participate in the fullerene binding process. Affinity of the antibody-fullerene complex is 22 nM as measured by competitive binding. These findings should be applicable not only to the use of antibodies to assay and direct potential fullerene-based drug design but could also lead to new methodologies for the production of fullerene derivatives and nanotubes as well.  (+info)

Carboxyfullerenes protect human keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis. (8/247)

Carboxyfullerene, a water-soluble carboxylic acid derivative of a fullerene, which acts as a free-radical scavenger, was investigated as a protective agent against ultraviolet-light-induced damage in human keratinocytes. First, we demonstrate that carboxyfullerene is not cytotoxic for these cells. In addition, this compound significantly reduces the ultraviolet-B-induced inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation and protects keratinocytes from apoptosis caused by ultraviolet B irradiation in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, the percentage of cells with depolarized mitochondria is significantly lower in ultraviolet-B-irradiated keratinocytes pretreated with carboxyfullerene than in cells provided with diluent alone. Carboxyfullerene also protects human keratinocytes from apoptosis induced by exposure to deoxy-D-ribose, a sugar that causes cell death through a pathway involving oxidative stress. On the other hand, ultraviolet B downregulates bcl-2 levels in human keratinocytes, and carboxyfullerene fails to prevent this effect. These results suggest that carboxy- fullerene protects human keratinocytes from ultraviolet B damage possibly via a mechanism interfering with the generation of reactive oxygen species from depolarized mitochondria without the involvement of bcl-2.  (+info)

Fullerene is not typically considered a medical term, but it is a term used in the field of materials science and nanotechnology. Fullerene refers to a specific type of carbon molecule that forms a hollow cage-like structure. The most common fullerene is buckminsterfullerene (C60), which has a soccer ball shape with 60 carbon atoms.

While fullerene itself is not a medical term, it has been studied in various medical and biomedical research contexts due to its unique chemical and physical properties. For example, fullerenes have been explored for their potential use as drug delivery vehicles, antioxidants, and imaging agents. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using fullerene-based materials in medical applications.

Exobiology, also known as astrobiology, is the branch of biology and astronomy that deals with the search for extraterrestrial life and the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. It involves the examination of the conditions necessary for life to exist, such as the presence of water, organic molecules, and a stable energy source, as well as the identification and characterization of extremophiles, organisms that can survive under extreme conditions on Earth that may be similar to those found on other planets or moons. Exobiologists also use data from space missions and telescopes to search for biosignatures, or signs of life, in the atmospheres of distant exoplanets.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "meteoroids" is not a term used in medical definitions. It is a term from the field of astronomy. Meteoroids are small particles or bits of rock that are traveling in space. When they enter the Earth's atmosphere, they can become meteors (also known as "shooting stars") and can sometimes make it to the ground as meteorites.

Planetary evolution is a field of study that focuses on the processes that have shaped the formation, development, and changes of planets and other celestial bodies over time. This encompasses various scientific disciplines, including astronomy, astrobiology, geology, and atmospheric science. The study of planetary evolution helps scientists understand how planets form, how they change over time, and the conditions that allow for the development of life.

The process of planetary evolution can be driven by a variety of factors, including:

1. Formation: Planets form from a protoplanetary disk, a rotating disk of gas and dust surrounding a young star. Over time, solid particles in the disk collide and stick together to form larger and larger bodies, eventually leading to the formation of planets.
2. Internal differentiation: As planets grow, their interiors differentiate into layers based on density, with heavier materials sinking towards the center and lighter materials rising towards the surface. This process can lead to the formation of a core, mantle, and crust.
3. Geological activity: Planetary evolution is also influenced by geological processes such as volcanism, tectonics, and erosion. These processes can shape the planet's surface, create mountain ranges, and carve out valleys and basins.
4. Atmospheric evolution: The evolution of a planet's atmosphere is closely tied to its geological activity and the presence of volatiles (gases that easily vaporize). Over time, the composition of a planet's atmosphere can change due to processes such as outgassing from the interior, chemical reactions, and interactions with the solar wind.
5. Climate evolution: The climate of a planet can also evolve over time due to changes in its orbit, axial tilt, and atmospheric composition. These factors can influence the amount of sunlight a planet receives and the greenhouse effect, which can lead to global warming or cooling.
6. Impact events: Collisions with other celestial bodies, such as asteroids and comets, can significantly impact a planet's evolution by causing large-scale changes to its surface and atmosphere.
7. Life: On planets where life emerges, biological processes can also play a role in shaping the planet's environment and influencing its evolution. For example, photosynthetic organisms can produce oxygen, which can alter the composition of a planet's atmosphere.

Understanding the various factors that contribute to a planet's evolution is crucial for understanding the formation and development of planetary systems and searching for potentially habitable exoplanets.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scandium" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metal that is soft, workable, and highly resistant to corrosion. In medicine, scandium and its compounds are not used in therapy or diagnosis.

The Noble gases are a group of elements in the periodic table, specifically helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). They are called "noble" because they are very unreactive due to having a full complement of electrons in their outer atomic shell, which makes them stable and non-reactive with other elements. This property also means that they do not form compounds under normal conditions. Noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic gases. They are used in various applications such as lighting, medical imaging, and scientific research.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question as "manufactured materials" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. Instead, it is more related to the field of materials science and engineering. However, I can provide you with an example of how manufactured materials might be relevant in a medical context:

Manufactured materials refer to substances that are produced or synthesized through human-engineered processes, as opposed to naturally occurring materials. In the medical field, manufactured materials can include a wide range of products such as biomaterials, implants, medical devices, and pharmaceuticals. These materials are designed and created to interact with biological systems for various therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.

For instance, biomaterials like polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites can be used in the development of medical devices such as hip implants, stents, or contact lenses. Similarly, pharmaceutical companies manufacture drugs and medications using synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds to create active ingredients for various treatments.

In summary, while "manufactured materials" is not a formal medical term, it can refer to any synthetic or engineered substances designed and produced for medical applications, such as biomaterials, implants, medical devices, and pharmaceuticals.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "minor planets" is not typically used in medical definitions. It is a term from astronomy that refers to small celestial bodies orbiting the Sun, which are smaller than planets and dwarf planets. They are also commonly known as asteroids. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I would be happy to help with those instead!

Photobiology is the study of the interactions between non-ionizing radiation, primarily ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared radiation, and living organisms. It involves how these radiations affect organisms, their metabolic processes, and biological rhythms. This field also includes research on the use of light in therapy, such as phototherapy for treating various skin conditions and mood disorders. Photobiology has important implications for understanding the effects of sunlight on human health, including both beneficial and harmful effects.

Nanostructures, in the context of medical and biomedical research, refer to materials or devices with structural features that have at least one dimension ranging between 1-100 nanometers (nm). At this size scale, the properties of these structures can differ significantly from bulk materials, exhibiting unique phenomena that are often influenced by quantum effects.

Nanostructures have attracted considerable interest in biomedicine due to their potential applications in various areas such as drug delivery, diagnostics, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. They can be fabricated from a wide range of materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, and carbon-based materials.

Some examples of nanostructures used in biomedicine include:

1. Nanoparticles: These are tiny particles with at least one dimension in the nanoscale range. They can be made from various materials like metals, polymers, or lipids and have applications in drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostics.
2. Quantum dots: These are semiconductor nanocrystals that exhibit unique optical properties due to quantum confinement effects. They are used as fluorescent labels for bioimaging and biosensing applications.
3. Carbon nanotubes: These are hollow, cylindrical structures made of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. They have exceptional mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability, making them suitable for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensors.
4. Nanofibers: These are elongated nanostructures with high aspect ratios (length much greater than width). They can be fabricated from various materials like polymers, ceramics, or composites and have applications in tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery.
5. Dendrimers: These are highly branched, nanoscale polymers with a well-defined structure and narrow size distribution. They can be used as drug carriers, gene delivery vehicles, and diagnostic agents.
6. Nanoshells: These are hollow, spherical nanoparticles consisting of a dielectric core covered by a thin metallic shell. They exhibit unique optical properties that make them suitable for applications such as photothermal therapy, biosensing, and imaging.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are defined in medical literature as hollow, cylindrical structures composed of rolled graphene sheets, with diameters typically measuring on the nanoscale (ranging from 1 to several tens of nanometers) and lengths that can reach several micrometers. They can be single-walled (SWCNTs), consisting of a single layer of graphene, or multi-walled (MWCNTs), composed of multiple concentric layers of graphene.

Carbon nanotubes have unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them promising for various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, biosensors, and tissue engineering scaffolds. However, their potential toxicity and long-term effects on human health are still under investigation, particularly concerning their ability to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity in certain experimental settings.

BALB 3T3 cells are a type of cell line that is derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts. They are commonly used in scientific research, particularly in studies related to cell biology, toxicology, and cancer. BALB 3T3 cells are easy to grow and maintain in culture, making them a convenient tool for researchers.

The name "BALB 3T3" is derived from the strain of mouse (BALB/c) from which the cells were originally isolated, and the fact that they are transformed (immortalized) cells (the "3T" designation). These cells have been widely used in a variety of experiments, including studies on cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. They have also been used to develop assays for measuring the cytotoxicity of chemicals and drugs.

It is important to note that while BALB 3T3 cells are useful for research purposes, they may not always accurately reflect the behavior of human cells or tissues. Therefore, findings from studies using these cells should be interpreted with caution and validated in more complex models when possible.

Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine that utilizes nanotechnology, which deals with materials, devices, or systems at the nanometer scale (typically between 1-100 nm), to prevent and treat diseases. It involves the development of novel therapeutics, diagnostics, and medical devices that can interact with biological systems at the molecular level for improved detection, monitoring, and targeted treatment of various diseases and conditions.

Nanomedicine encompasses several areas, including:

1. Drug delivery: Nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and inorganic nanoparticles can be used to encapsulate drugs, enhancing their solubility, stability, and targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues, thereby reducing side effects.
2. Diagnostics: Nanoscale biosensors and imaging agents can provide early detection and monitoring of diseases with high sensitivity and specificity, enabling personalized medicine and improved patient outcomes.
3. Regenerative medicine: Nanomaterials can be used to create scaffolds and matrices for tissue engineering, promoting cell growth, differentiation, and vascularization in damaged or diseased tissues.
4. Gene therapy: Nanoparticles can be employed to deliver genetic material such as DNA, RNA, or gene-editing tools (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9) for the targeted correction of genetic disorders or cancer treatment.
5. Medical devices: Nanotechnology can improve the performance and functionality of medical devices by enhancing their biocompatibility, strength, and electrical conductivity, as well as incorporating sensing and drug delivery capabilities.

Overall, nanomedicine holds great promise for addressing unmet medical needs, improving diagnostic accuracy, and developing more effective therapies with reduced side effects. However, it also presents unique challenges related to safety, regulation, and scalability that must be addressed before widespread clinical adoption.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "graphite" is not a medical term. It is a mineral form of carbon that is used in various applications, such as pencils, lubricants, and batteries. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

Singlet oxygen, also known as excited oxygen or oxygen triplet state, is a variant of molecular oxygen (O2) with unusual chemical and physical properties. In its ground state, molecular oxygen consists of two atoms with parallel spins, forming a triplet state. However, singlet oxygen has both atoms in a spin-paired configuration, which makes it more reactive than the ground state oxygen.

In biomedical terms, singlet oxygen is often generated during normal cellular metabolism or under pathological conditions such as inflammation and oxidative stress. It can react with various biological molecules, including lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to damage and dysfunction of cells and tissues. Therefore, singlet oxygen has been implicated in the development and progression of several diseases, such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.

It is worth noting that singlet oxygen can also be used in medical applications, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), where it is generated by light-activated drugs to selectively destroy cancer cells or bacteria.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "nanocomposites" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a term used in materials science and engineering to refer to a type of composite material where at least one of the phases has dimensions in the nanoscale (typically less than 100 nanometers). Nanocomposites can have unique properties that make them useful for various applications, including biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems or tissue engineering scaffolds. However, the term itself is not a medical definition.

Larger fullerenes C 76 to C 84 have a variety of colors. C 76 has two optical forms, while other larger fullerenes have several ... Small band gap fullerenes are highly reactive and bind to other fullerenes or to soot particles. Solubility of C 60 in some ... Fullerene chemistry Guo, T.; Smalley, R.E.; Scuseria, G.E. (1993). "Ab initio theoretical predictions of C 28, C 28H4, C 28F4 ... Some fullerene structures are not soluble because they have a small band gap between the ground and excited states. These ...
C 60-Ih)[5,6]fullerene Carbon numbering. (C 70-D5h(6))[5,6]fullerene Carbon numbering. (C 70-D5h(6))[5,6]fullerene Non- ... Another fairly common fullerene has empirical formula C 70, but fullerenes with 72, 76, 84 and even up to 100 carbon atoms are ... Cylindrical fullerenes are also called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes. The bulk solid form of pure or mixed fullerenes is ... The smallest possible fullerene is the dodecahedral C 20. There are no fullerenes with 22 vertices. The number of different ...
... is the fullerene molecule consisting of 70 carbon atoms. It is a cage-like fused-ring structure which resembles a ... A related fullerene molecule, named buckminsterfullerene (C60 fullerene), consists of 60 carbon atoms. It was first ... Fullerenes are sparingly soluble in many aromatic solvents such as toluene and others like carbon disulfide, but not in water. ... Fullerenes are extracted from the soot using a multistep procedure. First, the soot is dissolved in appropriate organic ...
... are thin rods composed of fullerene molecules, such as C60, C70, or their mixtures. Hollow fullerene ... the corresponding structures are called fullerene nanowhiskers or fullerene nanotubes. Fullerene whiskers and tubes are held ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fullerene whiskers. Miyazawa, K. (2010). "Synthesis and Functions of Fullerene Nanotubes ... As-grown fullerene nanotubes have hexagonal shapes and face-centered cubic crystal structures. Owing to their relatively large ...
Fullerene purification is key to fullerene science and determines fullerene prices and the success of practical applications of ... Fullerene Separation from a Fullerene Mixture: Selective Complexation of Fullerenes with 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene ( ... Non-IPR fullerenes have thus far only been isolated as endohedral fullerenes such as Tb3N@C84 with two fused pentagons at the ... The fullerene oxides C60O and C70O are observed in minor in fullerene-containing soot. Only C60O is isolated as a pure compound ...
or fullerene ligands. Fullerene ligands Endohedral fullerene "Capturing the Labile Fullerene[50] as C50Cl10". Science. 304 ( ... Exohedral fullerenes, also called exofullerenes, are fullerenes that have additional atoms, ions, or clusters attached their ... fullerene with a Non-IPR C60 Cage". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (43): 15093-15095. doi:10.1021/ja108316e. ...
Alternatively, endohedral hydrogen fullerenes can be produced by opening and closing a fullerene by organic chemistry methods. ... Endohedral fullerenes, also called endofullerenes, are fullerenes that have additional atoms, ions, or clusters enclosed within ... Such reactions should result in endohedral fullerene adducts, which are currently unknown. Fullerene ligands Inclusion ... The sign of the Δα polarizability exaltation depends on the number of atoms in a fullerene molecule: for small fullerenes ( n ...
This particular fullerene was synthesised in an unusual way in three steps starting from pristine C60 fullerene: cracking open ... Endohedral hydrogen fullerene (H2@C60) is an endohedral fullerene containing molecular hydrogen. This chemical compound has a ... Ordinarily the payload of endohedral fullerenes are inserted at the time of the synthesis of the fullerene itself or is ... Filling cracked-open fullerene now takes 8 hours at 190 °C at 760 atmospheres (77 MPa) of hydrogen and release between 150 °C ...
The 26-fullerene graph is one of only five fullerenes with such an embedding. In 2009, The New York Times published a puzzle ... This is a unique property of this graph among fullerenes in the sense that, for every other number of vertices of a fullerene, ... The existence of this fullerene has been known since at least 1968. The 26-fullerene graph has D 3 h {\displaystyle D_{3h}} ... The only two smaller fullerenes are the graph of the regular dodecahedron (a fullerene with 20 vertices) and the graph of the ...
... s are thus defined as not being a part of this sort of acceptors. Research in non-fullerene acceptors did ... Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are types of acceptors used in organic solar cells (OSCs). The name Fullerene comes from another ... Fullerene acceptors (FAs) have been used extensively in OSCs. This is rationalized by several characteristics of fullerenes. ... However, fullerene acceptor organic solar cells (FA-OSCs) encounter a limited efficiency. The energy levels in fullerene ...
A transition metal fullerene complex is a coordination complex wherein fullerene serves as a ligand. Fullerenes are typically ... Most transition metal fullerene complex are derived from C60, although other fullerenes also coordinate to metals as seen with ... Illustrative Fullerene Complexes [[Ph3P]2Pt]6(η2-C60) Ru3(CO)9(C60) Platinum complex of isoxazoline-modified fullerene. C60 ... Exohedral fullerene Endohedral fullerene Alan L. Balch; Joong W. Lee; Bruce C. Noll; Marilyn M. Olmstead (1994). "Multiple ...
Typically, a polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell has a layered structure. The primary function of a solar cell is ... Specifically, fullerene derivatives act as electron acceptors for donor materials like P3HT (poly-3-hexyl thiophene-2,5-diyl), ... Polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells are a type of solar cell researched in academic laboratories. Photovoltaic ... In particular, polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells are promising because of their potential in low processing ...
Fullerenes. Cambridge U. Press. pp. 33-38. ISBN 0-521-45917-6. Wolfgang Krätschmer (2011). "The story of making fullerenes". ... This procedure was the first to produce fullerenes in large amounts for chemical experiments. Since 1993 he is an honorary ... Fostiropoulos and with Donald Huffman from the University of Arizona he developed a procedure for the synthesis of fullerenes. ...
Fullerenes have since been found to occur in nature. More recently, fullerenes have been detected in outer space. For the past ... "Fullerenes". Encyclopædia Britannica. Buseck, P.R.; Tsipursky, S.J.; Hettich, R. (1992). "Fullerenes from the Geological ... The fullerenes are a class of allotropes of carbon which conceptually are graphene sheets rolled into tubes or spheres. These ... The first fullerene molecule to be discovered, and the family's namesake, buckminsterfullerene (C60), was prepared in 1985 by ...
Fullerene can be part of a polymer chain in many different ways. Fullerene-containing polymers are divided into following ... Star fullerene polymers can be prepared by two major approaches. Reported star fullerene polymers were prepared by anionic ... First, bonding fullerene spheres onto a polymerized chain or second, polymerizing monomer unit already bearing fullerene. An ... Fullerene behaves the same way in copolymerization. In free radical copolymerization of styrene and C60 fullerene, the ...
Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and they resemble the balls used in football (soccer). Fullerenes are similar ... Examples include (C59N)2 (biazafullerenyl),C58N2 (diaza[60]fullerene), C57N3 (triaza[60]fullerene) and C48N12. The nitrogen ... A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, and many other shapes ... The first fullerene molecule to be discovered, and the family's namesake, buckminsterfullerene (C60), was prepared in 1985 by ...
1985 - Fullerenes discovered. 1987 - Howard G. Tennent of Hyperion Catalysis issued a U.S. patent for graphitic, hollow core " ... 3 February 1992). "Are Fullerene Tubules Metallic?". Physical Review Letters. 68 (5): 631-634. Bibcode:1992PhRvL..68..631M. doi ...
"Discovery of Fullerenes". National Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2012-10-28. "NMR and MRI: ... in the 1950s Discovery of fullerenes by Richard Smalley, Robert Curl, James R. Heath, Sean O'Brien, and Harold Kroto at Rice ...
For example, Shustova achieved an eight-fold conductivity enhancement as compared to the parent COF by installing fullerene, a ... Shustova, Natalia (2011). Perfluoroalkylation of Fullerenes. World Scientific. pp. 102-135. ISBN 978-981-4327-82-4. Shustova, ...
... which has boosted the fullerene research and is even today applied for the commercial production of fullerenes. The discovery ... These endohedral fullerenes are usually synthesized by doping in the metal atoms in an arc reactor or by laser evaporation. ... Fullerenes are extracted from the soot with organic solvents using a Soxhlet extractor. This step yields a solution containing ... Fullerenes are sparingly soluble in aromatic solvents and carbon disulfide, but insoluble in water. Solutions of pure C60 have ...
Sattler, Klaus D. (2010). "Electron Impact Ionization of Hydrogen Clusters Embedded in Helium". Clusters and Fullerenes. ...
Fullerenes are a synthetic crystalline formation with a graphite-like structure, but in place of flat hexagonal cells only, ... The properties of fullerenes (split into buckyballs, buckytubes, and nanobuds) have not yet been fully analyzed and represent ... The names fullerene and buckyball are given after Richard Buckminster Fuller, popularizer of geodesic domes, which resemble the ... "Fullerenes(An Overview)". Archived from the original on 2007-12-01. Retrieved 2007-12-08. Ebbesen, T. W., ed. (1997). Carbon ...
628-. ISBN 978-0-08-086020-6. Smalley, Richard (1997). "Discovering the fullerenes". Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (3): 723-730 ... was developed by Richard Smalley at Rice University in the 1980s and was central to the discovery of fullerenes in 1985. In ...
Fullerenes and Related Structures". Topics in Current Chemistry. 199: 93-134. doi:10.1007/3-540-68117-5_3. Chai, Y.; Guo, T.; ... Zhang, G.; Huang, S.; Xiao, Z.; Chen, Q.; Gan, L.; Wang, Z. (2008). "Preparation of Azafullerene Derivatives from Fullerene- ... Xin, N.; Huang, H.; Zhang, J.; Dai, Z.; Gan, L. (2012). "Fullerene Doping: Preparation of Azafullerene C59NH and Oxafulleroids ... Heterofullerenes are classes of fullerenes, at least one carbon atom is replaced by another element. Based on spectroscopy, ...
Fullerenes are a class of carbon allotropes that were first discovered in 1985 and are also an example of macromolecular cages ... Bolskar, Robert D. (2016). "Fullerenes for Drug Delivery". Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology. SpringerLink. p. 23. doi:10.1007/978 ...
In Fullerenes: Chemistry, Physics, and Technology, K. Kadish and R. Ruoff, ed. Chap 20, 887-916 (2000) N.G. Chopra and A. Zettl ... In Fullerenes: Chemistry, Physics, and Technology, K. Kadish and R. Ruoff, eds. Chap.17, 767-794 (2000) A. Zettl. New carbon ... Elastic properties of fullerenes. In Handbook of Elastic Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases, Levy, Bass, and Stern, eds ... Zettl also produced high quality single crystals of fullerene superconductors which facilitated a host of detailed transport ...
The discovery of fullerenes was recognized in 2010 by the designation of a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American ... This research is significant for the discovery of a new allotrope of carbon known as a fullerene. Other allotropes of carbon ... Following nearly a decade's worth of research into the formation of alternate fullerene compounds (e.g. C28, C70), as well as ... The result of this collaboration was the discovery of C60 (known as Buckyballs) and the fullerenes as the third allotropic form ...
For instance, La@C60 means lanthanum inside a fullerene cage. See article Endohedral fullerene for details. In Malagasy, @ is ... "Fullerenes wlth Metals Inside". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 95 (20): 7564-7568. doi:10.1021/j100173a002. "IGL immunoglobulin ...
Schwerdtfeger, P.; Wirz, L.; Avery, J. (2015). "The Topology of Fullerenes". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational ...
Heymann, D. (1996). "Chemistry of Fullerenes on the Earth and in the Solar System : A 1995 Review" (PDF). LPS. XXVII: 539. ... Daly TK, Buseck PR, Williams P, Lewis CF (20 April 2015). "Fullerenes from a fulgurite". Science. 259 (5101): 1599-601. Bibcode ... Other materials, including highly reduced silicon-metal alloys (silicides), the fullerene allotropes C60 (buckminsterfullerenes ...
Larger fullerenes C 76 to C 84 have a variety of colors. C 76 has two optical forms, while other larger fullerenes have several ... Small band gap fullerenes are highly reactive and bind to other fullerenes or to soot particles. Solubility of C 60 in some ... Fullerene chemistry Guo, T.; Smalley, R.E.; Scuseria, G.E. (1993). "Ab initio theoretical predictions of C 28, C 28H4, C 28F4 ... Some fullerene structures are not soluble because they have a small band gap between the ground and excited states. These ...
As the demand for fullerene-based nanomaterials increases, a scalable method for producing them comes of age. ... Mass production of fullerenes takes off. As the demand for fullerene-based nanomaterials increases, a scalable method for ... Such fullerene-enhanced oils may find their first use in space - returning them to the environment where fullerenes were ... For example, fullerenes are highly effective at trapping damaging free radicals, and fullerene additives have shown great ...
Mitch, M. , Karam, L. and Coursey, B. (1997), ,sup,11,/sup,C Production in Fullerenes, Fullerene Science and Technology ( ...
C60 fullerene molecules are usually encapsulated before studying their dynamical properties and mutual bonding by means of ... In fact, free fullerene molecules on surfaces can self-assemble in two-dimensional configurations. ... Prando, G. Graphene-packed fullerene. Nature Nanotech (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.144 ...
Define fullerenes: Molecules composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid or tube. Also called ... fullerenes. Molecules composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid or tube. Also called buckyballs. ...
A small series of functionalized C60-fullerene/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared, and their respective ultimate tensile ... Characterization of the functionalized fullerenes was done using LDI-TOF mass spectrometry. By the type of modified amino acid ... The functionalization route of the fullerenes was performed using the well-known Prato reaction, with modified amino acids, ... Richardson, M. , Park, E. , Kim, J. and Holmes, G. (2010), N-Pyrrolidine Functionalized C,sub,60,/sub,-Fullerenes/Epoxy ...
Fullerenes In A Box Porphyrin cage sequesters massive aromatic guests by Sarah Everts March 21, 2011 , A version of this story ... Nitschke says the cages could be useful for encapsulating or separating higher fullerenes from fullerene soot. He also sees ... A self-assembling cube that can pack away massive aromatic guests such as coronene and fullerenes from the surrounding solution ...
Fullerene Fulgurites. I want to play around with this idea so bad it makes my fillings ache just thinking about it.. (+4) [vote ... Im not sure why, but day dreaming about this got me to thinking about how Fullerene is formed.. I think that by making the ... container a vacuum sealed chamber with a Helium atmosphere and filled with graphite instead of sand, that Fullerene Buckyball ...
... 7960 S Kolb Rd. Tucson, Arizona. United States. 520-574-6534. www.fullereneinternational.com. ...
Download files and build them with your 3D printer, laser cutter, or CNC. Thingiverse is a universe of things.
Fullerene definition: An allotrope of carbon composed of any of various cagelike molecules that consist only of an even number ... Origin of Fullerene *. After Richard Buckminster Fuller (from the resemblance of their configurations to his geodesic domes) - ...
Shortly after testing the Reactor and making the first grams of Fullerenes, SES opened its doors up for business in 1991 and ... Over the past 25 years, SES Research has become one of the worlds leading manufacturers and suppliers of Carbon Fullerenes. ... Texas in the summer of 1990 by two University of Houston college students who built their first Fullerene Reactor in a home ...
... endohedral fullerenes, addressing essential questions related to the mutual effects that confinement of one or more Ng atoms ... induces on the electronic structure, bonding, and different properties of fullerenes. Celebrating Latin American Talent in ... Noble gas endohedral fullerenes S. Jalife, J. Arcudia, S. Pan and G. Merino, Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 6642 DOI: 10.1039/D0SC02507K ... This review focuses on the available experimental and theoretical investigations on noble gas (Ng) endohedral fullerenes, ...
... *Download PDF Copy ... Dicker and his colleagues would like to plan studies looking at another animal model system to find out if fullerene not only ... The nanoparticle, a soccer ball-shaped, hollow, carbon-based structure known as a fullerene, acts like an "oxygen sink," ... "We also showed that the fullerene provided organ-specific protection," Dr. Dicker notes. "It protected the kidney from ...
Bionity.com offer you a news overview of current science and industry news for fullerenes ... Remote-control closed system invented for inserting radio-active atoms inside fullerenes The new material will increase control ... 16-Mar-2015 - Materials resulting from chemical bonding of glucosamine, a type of sugar, with fullerenes, kind of nanoparticles ...
... , Eletskii A.V., Smirnov B.M. ... Fullerene journal. A.V. Eletskii a, B.M. Smirnov b. a National ... Citation: Eletskii A V, Smirnov B M Fullerene journal Phys. Usp. 38 1057-1058 (1995). BibTex. BibNote ® (generic). BibNote ...
... insoluble fullerenes that comprise about half of the fullerenes made by the hydrocarbon combustion route. Of the fullerenes ... The recovered fullerenes will be useful for applications demanding a more robust, but still fullerenic material or coating, ... 20 % of the raw soot weight is recovered as fullerenes (C60, C70, etc.). It was shown in this project that another ca. 15 - 20 ... We will also implement the process at 100 times the scale performed during the Phase I project, to 100g insoluble fullerenes ...
Searching For Stable Fullerenes In Space With Computational Chemistry. By Keith Cowing ... Although we could not conclusively identify fullerenes other than C60 and C70, our results point to the possible presence of ... We report a computational study of the stability and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra of neutral and singly ionised fullerene ... We compare the simulated IR spectra of these fullerene species to the observed emission spectra of several planetary nebulae ( ...
"I have detected the C60 Fullerene but also the C70 Fullerene which is far less frequent", says Susana Iglesias-Groth, who is ... The presence of Fullerenes might have an effect on the chemistry of these forming planets. ... The Fullerenes are molecules consisting only of carbon, whose shape, similar to that of a football in the case of C60 and more ... The Fullerenes offer a reserve of pentagonal and hexagonal rings of carbon atoms, which could be important as building blocks ...
Fullerenes (Bucky balls, C60) constitute a particular group within the field of nanotechnology. Fullerenes find applications in ... However, there are several unanswered questions about fullerenes and their toxicological properties. ... Fullerenes (Bucky balls, C60) constitute a particular group within the field of nanotechnology. Fullerenes find applications in ... Most toxicological studies on fullerenes evolve around the in vitro and in vivo aspects of pristine C60 along with chemically ...
The fullerenes have either P (major) or H (minor) orientational orderings, and are assumed to be rigid and with Ih symmetry. ... Only the central C60 is occupied by the guest molecule M, while the NN fullerenes are all empty. The key proposition of the ... established the cause of the puzzling symmetry breaking that is ubiquitous in the solid light-molecule endohedral fullerenes M@ ...
Applying the supramolecular host and fullerene C60 as the guest, we successfully construct a supramolecular polymeric ... A supramolecular polymeric heterojunction composed of an all-carbon conjugated polymer and fullerenes S. Wang, X. Li, X. Zhang ... A supramolecular polymeric heterojunction composed of an all-carbon conjugated polymer and fullerenes† ... Applying the supramolecular host and fullerene C60 as the guest, we successfully construct a supramolecular polymeric ...
... Zhao, Wenchao Chinese Academic ... A nonfullerene-based polymer solar cell (PSC) that significantly outperforms fullerene-based PSCs with respect to the power- ...
3-sialylated glycans based on fullerene-palladium-platinum alloy and 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid nanoparticle hybrids coupled ... Amino-functionalized fullerene coupled with palladium-platinum bimetallic alloy nanocrystals (n-C-PdPt) was synthesized to ... Sandwich-type biosensor for the detection of ?2,3-sialylated glycans based on fullerene-palladium-platinum alloy and 4- ... Sandwich-type biosensor for the detection of ?2,3-sialylated glycans based on fullerene-palladium-platinum alloy and 4- ...
Fullerenes Nanotubes And Carbon Nanostructures Future Microbiology IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters IEEE Journal ...
Fullerenes. Recent advances in the chemistry and physics of fullerenes and related materials, edited by Prashant V. Kamat, ... Thus, wheras fluorination of [60]fullerene with these reagents produced C60F36, fluorination of aza[60]fullerene results in the ... Fluorination of Aza[60]Fullerene. O. V. Boltalina , T. Drewello, A. Hirsch, T. J. D. Jorgensen, V. Yu. Markov, U. Reuther, R. ... Aza[60]fullerene has been fluorinated with the transition metal fluorides: MnF3 and CeF4, and in each case, the most prominent ...
Edison Castro Fullerenes in Biology and Medicine - SES Research Inc. ... Edison Castro Fullerenes in Biology and Medicine - SES Research Inc.. Edison Castro Fullerenes in Biology and Medicine - SES ... Home » ESS60 / Carbon 60 / C60 Powder » Edison Castro Fullerenes in Biology and Medicine - SES Research Inc. ... They have been researching and producing fullerenes for 30 years, which is longer than any company currently in business. Their ...
Graphene sheets can be wadded up to form soccer ball-shaped fullerenes - spherical carbon cages that can store molecules and ... Their large interior volume would also allow storage of atoms and molecules, which is also being explored with fullerenes and ... Rolling graphene into a cylinder yields fullerenes called nanotubes, which are being explored today as highly conductive wires ... To date, however, only positively curved fullerenes and graphene, which has zero curvature, have been synthesized, feats ...
The science-Art Centre renamed the Fullerene Chemistry as Platonic Fullerene Chemistry, and together with a Dr of international ... The carbon Fullerene chemistry, named after him, became the basis of the new medical science instigated by the three 1996 Nobel ... Then, one can enter the words Platonic Fullerene Chemistry on Google. By selecting any one such listing under EzineArticles, ... Buckmister Fullers World Game Cooperative Theory, to guide the Platonic Fullerene medical science, is now the worlds top ...
  • Researchers had originally been puzzled by C 72 being absent in fullerene plasma-generated soot extract, but found in endohedral samples. (wikipedia.org)
  • Small band gap fullerenes are highly reactive and bind to other fullerenes or to soot particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fullerenes can be isolated from the soot formed when a strong electrical current is used to produce an arc between two graphite electrodes. (nature.com)
  • We combust organic materials at high temperature in a low-oxygen atmosphere, producing a soot from which fullerenes can be extracted using an organic solvent. (nature.com)
  • Because the cage walls' π-electron density sequesters C 70 better than the more curved C 60 incarnation, Nitschke says the cages could be useful for encapsulating or separating higher fullerenes from fullerene soot. (acs.org)
  • Of the fullerenes produced by the combustion process developed at TDA, and practiced at the tons/year scale, ca. 20 % of the raw soot weight is recovered as fullerenes (C60, C70, etc. (sbir.gov)
  • It was shown in this project that another ca. 15 - 20% of the soot could be recovered as giant fullerenes using electron transfer methods. (sbir.gov)
  • This Phase II project will further research the chemistry of the insoluble fullerenes and develop the recovery technique using xylene-extracted soot as a feedstock. (sbir.gov)
  • The process being developed in this project will be commercialized by fullerene soot producers, giving them the ability to effectively double the yield of the synthesis process. (sbir.gov)
  • Fullerene is the fourth allotrope of carbon - the other being graphite, diamond and amorphous soot. (goalfinder.com)
  • Derived from the soccer-ball-shaped 'buckminsterfullerene' molecule, fullerene-based nanomaterials are a key ingredient in some of the first commercial, high-performance, organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells. (nature.com)
  • Professor Zlatko Bačić and colleagues at UCLA and Oberlin College have established the cause of the puzzling symmetry breaking that is ubiquitous in the solid light-molecule endohedral fullerenes M@C60, where M is H2, H2O, and HF. (nyu.edu)
  • Only the central C60 is occupied by the guest molecule M, while the NN fullerenes are all empty. (nyu.edu)
  • Researchers at the University of Paris and colleagues fed the molecule fullerene (C60 or "buckyballs") dissolved in olive oil to rats and found it almost doubles their lifespan, with no chronic toxicity. (biodigital.org)
  • There are 60 carbon atoms in one molecule of C60 fullerene molecule. (goalfinder.com)
  • Fullerene is a molecule composed of carbon atoms with a spherical or ellipsoidal structure. (chemenu.com)
  • Additionally, fullerene is well known for having a relatively tiny molecule. (amaliebeauty.com)
  • The positive ion laser-desorption ionization mass spectra of the fluorinated products showed the presence of ions due to the aza derivatives of the higher fullerenes, and thus provides the first detection of this species. (msu.ru)
  • As a carbon nanomaterial - a family that includes carbon nanotubes and graphene - fullerenes offer exceptional heat resistance, chemical stability and electronic properties. (nature.com)
  • UC Berkeley chemists have proved that three carbon structures recently created by scientists in South Korea and Japan are in fact the long-sought schwarzites, which researchers predict will have unique electrical and storage properties like those now being discovered in buckminsterfullerenes (buckyballs or fullerenes for short), nanotubes and graphene. (berkeley.edu)
  • Graphene sheets can be wadded up to form soccer ball-shaped fullerenes - spherical carbon cages that can store molecules and are being used today to deliver drugs and genes into the body. (berkeley.edu)
  • Rolling graphene into a cylinder yields fullerenes called nanotubes, which are being explored today as highly conductive wires in electronics and storage vessels for gases like hydrogen and carbon dioxide. (berkeley.edu)
  • To date, however, only positively curved fullerenes and graphene, which has zero curvature, have been synthesized, feats rewarded by Nobel Prizes in 1996 and 2010, respectively. (berkeley.edu)
  • This review focuses on the available experimental and theoretical investigations on noble gas (Ng) endohedral fullerenes, addressing essential questions related to the mutual effects that confinement of one or more Ng atoms induces on the electronic structure, bonding, and different properties of fullerenes. (rsc.org)
  • It also summarizes the different contributions to the mechanisms of formation and decomplexation, the reactivity towards Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions, the chemical bonding situation of Ng endohedral fullerenes, and the interactions that dominate within these systems. (rsc.org)
  • Fullerene is an allotrope of carbon where carbon atoms are arranged in a geodesic (or hollow sphere) shape to form buckyballs or in a tube format to form single walled nanotubes or multi-walled nanotubes. (goalfinder.com)
  • There is a lot of research being done on the buckyballs and SWNT/ MWNT carbon nanotubes and new applications of fullerenes are being discovered everyday. (goalfinder.com)
  • Fullerene chemistry Guo, T. (wikipedia.org)
  • I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
  • We will also implement the process at 100 times the scale performed during the Phase I project, to 100g insoluble fullerenes recovered per shift, to better identify and address issues in the chemistry and engineering of the process. (sbir.gov)
  • The presence of Fullerenes might have an effect on the chemistry of these forming planets. (iac.es)
  • Fullerenes find applications in medicine, industrial chemistry and electronics. (vestforsk.no)
  • Recent advances in the chemistry and physics of fullerenes and related materials', edited by Prashant V. Kamat, Dirk M. Guldi and Karl M.Kadish, published by: the Electrochemical Society, Inc. 10 South Main Street, Pennington, New Jersey, v.7, p. 462-471, (1999). (msu.ru)
  • This educational chemistry animation with audio gives advanced information on fullerene - carbon nanotube and buckyball. (goalfinder.com)
  • Cylindrical fullerenes are called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes. (photonics.com)
  • The educational animation gives advanced information about fullerenes - buckyball and carbon nanotubes. (goalfinder.com)
  • Fullerene science involves carbon nano structures like nanotubes. (goalfinder.com)
  • The chemical and physical properties of fullerenes have been a focus of research, and the applications of buckyball and walled nanotubes have spawned a new industry. (goalfinder.com)
  • Discovery of single walled and multi walled carbon nanotubes opened up the possibility of numerous nanotube applications in the field of fullerene science and technology. (goalfinder.com)
  • carbon nanotubes, fullerenes inside CNT and amine outside CNT. (uiuc.edu)
  • Proto-Athabaskan Verb Stem Variation, Part One: Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes: Their. (park-jungpflanzen.de)
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  • Resolution of pulmonary inflammation induced by carbon nanotubes and fullerenes in mice: role of macrophage polarization. (cdc.gov)
  • To understand how ENM-induced pulmonary inflammation is resolved, we analyzed the inflammatory and pro-resolving responses to fibrogenic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, Mitsui- 7) and low-toxicity fullerenes (fullerene C60, C60F). (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon disulfide dissolves 8g/L of C60, and the best solvent (1-chloronaphthalene) dissolves 53 g/L. up Still, fullerenes are the only known allotrope of carbon that can be dissolved in common solvents at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • OPVs are one application where the multifunctional properties of fullerenes come to the fore. (nature.com)
  • However, the lack of high performance NIR absorbers in conventional fullerene based OPVs has prevented the attainment of efficient, yet highly transparent (in the visible) devices. (justia.com)
  • However, while several independent research groups showed that C 60 has no acute or sub-acute toxicity in various experimental models, more than 25 years after its discovery the in vivo fate and the chronic effects of this fullerene remain unknown. (sesres.com)
  • In vivo evaluation of carbon fullerene toxicity using embryonic zebrafish. (oregonstate.edu)
  • To meet this challenge, the embryonic zebrafish model was employed to determine the toxicity of fullerenes. (oregonstate.edu)
  • We report a computational study of the stability and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra of neutral and singly ionised fullerene cages containing between 44 and 70 carbon atoms. (astrobiology.com)
  • The Fullerenes offer a reserve of pentagonal and hexagonal rings of carbon atoms, which could be important as building blocks of pre-biotic molecules. (iac.es)
  • The molecular formula of fullerene is C60, which is composed of 60 carbon atoms. (chemenu.com)
  • Fullerene (C60) is a general name for polyhedra composed of 60 carbon atoms. (amaliebeauty.com)
  • Countless studies showed that [60]fullerene (C 60 ) and derivatives could have many potential biomedical applications. (sesres.com)
  • Hydrogen termination has been used to predict empty cage silicon fullerenes as well as their endohedral and exohedral forms that could have potential for the development of many derivatives and functional materials similar to carbon fullerenes as well as their interesting optical and magnetic properties for nanoscale applications. (edu.in)
  • A flexible organic photovoltaic solar cell employing fullerenes. (nature.com)
  • The present disclosure generally relates to electrically active, optically active, solar, and semiconductor devices, and in particular, to organic photovoltaic cells and near-infrared non-fullerene acceptor compositions in such organic photovoltaic cells. (justia.com)
  • I think that by making the container a vacuum sealed chamber with a Helium atmosphere and filled with graphite instead of sand, that Fullerene Buckyball, (carbon nano tube icosahedrons), fulgurites will be formed as the lightening arcs through the graphite. (halfbakery.com)
  • one of methods of preparing fullerenes is by heating graphite rods in helium atmosphere. (goalfinder.com)
  • As the demand for fullerene-based nanomaterials increases, a scalable method for producing them comes of age. (nature.com)
  • A further key difference from other carbon nanomaterials, is that fullerenes are soluble in organic solvents, expanding the options for processing in solutions. (nature.com)
  • Although we could not conclusively identify fullerenes other than C60 and C70, our results point to the possible presence of smaller (44, 50, and 56-atom) cages in those astronomical objects. (astrobiology.com)
  • The functionalization route of the fullerenes was performed using the well-known Prato reaction, with modified amino acids, resulting in the formation of N-pyrrolidine rings across the [6,6] junctions. (nist.gov)
  • The nanoparticle, a soccer ball-shaped, hollow, carbon-based structure known as a fullerene, acts like an "oxygen sink," binding to dangerous oxygen radicals produced by radiation. (news-medical.net)
  • Applying the supramolecular host and fullerene C 60 as the guest, we successfully construct a supramolecular polymeric heterojunction ( SPh ⊃C 60 ). (rsc.org)
  • Fullerene-polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogel displaying antioxidation/antiglycation behavior. (bvsalud.org)
  • A fullerene - polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogel was constructed by carrying out a co-assembly of fullerene @hydroxypropyl-ß- cyclodextrin , chitosan and bentonite , and displayed good antioxidant and antiglycation properties, and hence showed promising cosmetics applications. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the fullerene - polysaccharide ternary co-assembly supramolecular hydrogel showed good antioxidant and antiglycation abilities , and the construction of the polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogel provided a new perspective for raw materials to consider in cosmetics applications. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fullerenes are highly insoluble in water, and practically insoluble in methanol. (wikipedia.org)
  • This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will develop electron transfer methods for the recovery of the giant, insoluble fullerenes that comprise about half of the fullerenes made by the hydrocarbon combustion route. (sbir.gov)
  • Following the Phase II project, the process will be installed at a plant producing ~32 tons/year of insoluble fullerenes. (sbir.gov)
  • This animation "Fullerene Advanced - Buckyball / Nanotube" is meant for in-depth study of fullerenes. (goalfinder.com)
  • Another 30 minute animation of ours "Fullerene - Buckyball / Nanotube gives basic information on fullerene for classroom teaching and for the general consumption. (goalfinder.com)
  • Amino-functionalized fullerene coupled with palladium-platinum bimetallic alloy nanocrystals (n-C-PdPt) was synthesized to modify the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) because the n-C nanomaterial affords a large surface area for the on-site reduction of bimetallic alloy nanoparticles and an excellent capacity for electron transfer. (americanelements.com)
  • In fact, free fullerene molecules on surfaces can self-assemble in two-dimensional configurations. (nature.com)
  • In this work, we report a new, simple, gram-scale method for synthesizing water-soluble fullerene-polyglycerol amphiphiles (FPAs) that self-assemble into partially and fully crosslinked nanoclusters with the ability to controllably transport hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Fullerenes are high-performance OPV electron-acceptor materials, transporting light-generated negative charges to the edges of the device, where they are captured by the electrodes. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, fullerenes are inherently stable and adding an electron to the electron cloud affects them very little. (nature.com)
  • C 60 fullerene molecules are usually encapsulated before studying their dynamical properties and mutual bonding by means of electron microscopy. (nature.com)
  • Aza[60]fullerene has been fluorinated with the transition metal fluorides: MnF 3 and CeF 4 , and in each case, the most prominent species in the volatile products is C59NF33, as shown by electron impact mass spectrometry. (msu.ru)
  • We have measured the metastable fragmentation of fullerene ions in molecular beams. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Fullerenes excel at this because of the large, delocalized clouds of electrons that coat their spherical surfaces. (nature.com)
  • Shortly after testing the Reactor and making the first grams of Fullerenes, SES opened its doors up for business in 1991 and relocated from the garage to an Industrial park. (nanowerk.com)
  • Characterization of the functionalized fullerenes was done using LDI-TOF mass spectrometry. (nist.gov)
  • We compare the simulated IR spectra of these fullerene species to the observed emission spectra of several planetary nebulae (Tc 1, SMP SMC 16, and SMP LMC 56) where strong C60 emission has been detected. (astrobiology.com)
  • The detection by Iglesias-Groth is based on the identification, in data taken by NASA's Spitzer satellite, of the vibrational transitions in emission in the middle infrared of both of the Fullerenes, C60 and C70, in the spectra of stars with protoplanetary discs, and in spectra from several interstellar sites distributed around the IC348 region. (iac.es)
  • Although the observations clearly show their presence in the interstellar medium the spacial resolution of the spectra is not sufficient to establish the presence of Fullerenes in the protoplanetary discs. (iac.es)
  • Most toxicological studies on fullerenes evolve around the in vitro and in vivo aspects of pristine C60 along with chemically modified C60 molecules. (vestforsk.no)
  • Ultra-resilient armor plating, defensive nanoassemblers, electronics housing, and even the molecular-level circuitry itself are only a few of the near-countless roles that fullerene intercalated sheets can perform. (everef.net)
  • In the biomedical field, fullerene also has important application value, such as being used as an anti-tumor drug, antioxidant, immune enhancer, etc. (chemenu.com)
  • As the production of these sustainable, lightweight and flexible solar cells grows to meet market demand, fullerene mass manufacture is itself poised to mature. (nature.com)
  • These days, our fullerenes are attracting a lot of attention, especially for organic electronic devices such as OPV solar cells," Oshima says. (nature.com)
  • The curved surface of a wind-turbine pole is covered with solar cells that incorporate fullerenes. (nature.com)
  • Other antioxidant compounds, unlike fullerenes, have the drawback of having weaker UV protection and having their antioxidant power readily depleted because they oxidize and break down outside of the skin. (amaliebeauty.com)
  • The high antioxidant power of fullerene helps to prevent skin ageing , including spots and wrinkles. (amaliebeauty.com)
  • Results of oxygen radical absorbance capacity and pyrogallol autoxidation experiments showed high antioxidant activity displayed by the fullerene @HP-ß-CD inclusion complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fullerenes, unusual carbon compounds with potential uses in physics and biology, may sound a little like science fiction to many people. (amaliebeauty.com)
  • A study performed by the researcher at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) Susana Iglesias-Groth presents the detection of Fullerenes in the interstellar medium of the star formation region in Perseus. (iac.es)
  • The IAC researcher explains that "The Fullerene bands seem to be widely distributed in this region, and are strongest along the line of sight towards the stars in the centre of the cluster" This work also contains te possible detection of the ionized forms of C60, of both the cation and the anion, which could make up between 20% and 10% respectively of the total of C60 fullerenes within the region. (iac.es)
  • Sandwich-type biosensor for the detection of ?2,3-sialylated glycans based on fullerene-palladium-platinum alloy and 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid nanoparticle hybrids coupled with Au-methylene blue-MAL signal amplification. (americanelements.com)
  • Fullerene Science and Technology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Einfluss auf Venen Science of Fullerenes and Carbon friendship students. (park-jungpflanzen.de)
  • It is you to stabilize just any Science of Fullerenes that visits the active, scholarly or TM studies, and brings eustachian. (park-jungpflanzen.de)
  • One Science of Fullerenes and who else declares you book and one who attacks you illusion. (park-jungpflanzen.de)
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  • Sohn, Ho-min, and Anthony F. Woleaian-English Science of Fullerenes and Carbon. (park-jungpflanzen.de)
  • As Science of Fullerenes of the Android World Learning Inc. MA in Peace & Justice Leadership, services about the cumulative but Micronesian ear in South Africa during the snarky Publishing of this main dullness. (park-jungpflanzen.de)
  • closet anglophiles Is with several Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Regime documents for developing English words, easily also as loud thoughts. (park-jungpflanzen.de)
  • Find similar words to fullerene using the buttons below. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Next, Dr. Dicker and his colleagues would like to plan studies looking at another animal model system to find out if fullerene not only protects the entire animal from radiation, but to also examine organ-specific effects, such as protecting the lungs, for example. (news-medical.net)
  • The next step will be to use the future, and much more powerful, JWST space telescope to find out the quantity of Fullerenes there may be in the discs of material where planets are forming " states Iglesias-Groth. (iac.es)
  • In terms of chemical applications, fullerene is widely used in the preparation of high-strength materials, catalysts, batteries, and other fields. (chemenu.com)
  • Home » ESS60 / Carbon 60 / C60 Powder » Edison Castro Fullerenes in Biology and Medicine - SES Research Inc. (sesres.com)
  • The C 72 structure is also in this class, but the endohedral version with a trapped lanthanide-group atom is soluble due to the interaction of the metal atom and the electronic states of the fullerene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fullerene C60 has a soccer ball-like structure and a diameter of 0.7 nanometers (a nanometer is one billionth of a metre). (amaliebeauty.com)
  • However, there are several unanswered questions about fullerenes and their toxicological properties. (vestforsk.no)
  • Fullerene has many unique physical and chemical properties, such as being one of the hardest known substances and also very light. (chemenu.com)
  • One of the main properties of fullerene is its robust and long-lasting resistance to oxidation by various active oxygen, particularly strong against active oxygen by UV light. (amaliebeauty.com)
  • The recovered fullerenes will be useful for applications demanding a more robust, but still fullerenic material or coating, such as carbon coatings for artificial biomaterials, optical limiters, or as scaffolds for nanotechnological devices. (sbir.gov)
  • Applications of fullerenes can be in virtually any sector- from medical to chemical. (goalfinder.com)
  • If the abundances of Fullerenes in the cloud were representative of the protoplanetary discs, the C60, which is the more abundant of the two species, could comprise 0.10% of all the carbon available in the discs. (iac.es)
  • A nonfullerene-based polymer solar cell (PSC) that significantly outperforms fullerene-based PSCs with respect to the power-conversion efficiency is demonstrated for the first time. (diva-portal.org)
  • It may be mentioned that fullerene is one of the main factors garnering attention because it can remove this active oxygen. (amaliebeauty.com)
  • Fullerene reduces spots and wrinkles by preventing the production of melanin, which is the cause of spots, by reducing active oxygen. (amaliebeauty.com)
  • Calculations on encapsulation of a metal atom in silicon clusters have led to the predictions of novel forms of nanosilicon and the discovery of silicon fullerenes. (edu.in)