Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic
Fibroma, Ossifying
Frontal Sinusitis
Ethmoid Sinusitis
GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs
Jaw Neoplasms
Facial Bones
Sphenoid Bone
Bone Diseases, Developmental
Mandibular Diseases
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Leg Bones
Frontal Bone
Cafe-au-Lait Spots
Ectodermal Dysplasia
Maxillary Diseases
Sphenoid Sinus
Ribs
Bone Cysts
A comparative study of fibrous dysplasia and osteofibrous dysplasia with regard to Gsalpha mutation at the Arg201 codon: polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues. (1/20)
Fibrous dysplasia and osteofibrous dysplasia are both benign fibro-osseous lesions of the bone and are generally seen during childhood or adolescence. Histologically, the features of these bone lesions sometimes look quite similar, but their precise nature remains controversial. Mutation of the alpha subunit of signal-transducing G proteins (Gsalpha), with an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation, has been implicated in the development of multiple endocrinopathies of the Albright-McCune syndrome and in the development of fibrous dysplasia. We studied Gsalpha mutation at the Arg201. codon in seven cases of fibrous dysplasia (six monostotic lesions and one polyostotic lesion) and seven cases of osteofibrous dysplasia using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing analysis. All of the seven cases of fibrous dysplasia showed missense point mutations in Gsalpha at the Arg201 codon that resulted in Arg-to-His substitution in three cases and Arg-to-Cys substitution in four cases. On the other hand, the seven cases of osteofibrous dysplasia and the normal bone used as a control showed no such mutation. These data suggest that fibrous dysplasia and osteofibrous dysplasia have different pathogeneses and that the detection of Gsalpha mutation at the Arg201 codon is quite useful for distinguishing between these lesions. (+info)Monostotic fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia with convulsion--case report. (2/20)
A 28-year-old man presented with monostotic fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia associated with convulsions. Signs of meningeal irritation were observed. Computed tomography (CT) showed right frontal sinusitis, and destruction from the inner to outer table with expansion of the diploic space. T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed an abnormal low-intensity mass, with heterogeneous gadolinium enhancement. Although the meningitis resolved, signs of infection continued for 2 months due to sinusitis. Treatment of the right frontal sinusitis was undertaken, accompanied by open biopsy. The histological diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia. Once the infection had completely resolved, orbitofrontal reconstruction was undertaken. Cranioplasty was carried out using cranial bone cement. Three-dimensional CT was valuable to show the likely postoperative result. (+info)Acromegaly with fibrous dysplasia: McCune-Albright Syndrome -- clinical studies in 3 cases and brief review of literature--. (3/20)
The McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is characterized by a triad of poly/monostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait macules and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies including growth hormone (GH) excess. Polyostotic bone lesions and cafe-au-lait macules are common while monostotic bone lesions are rare. Similarly, acromegaly as a manifestation of endocrine hyperfunction with MAS is uncommon and in most of the instances somatotropinoma has not been documented. We report 3 patients, two of them had monostotic lesion, none had cafe-au-lait macules and all had GH secreting pituitary macroadenoma. All of them underwent transfrontal pituitary adenomectomy and had histopathological confirmation of GH secreting pituitary adenoma. A brief review of literature is also presented. (+info)Clinical and radiographic features of chronic monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the mandible. (4/20)
Chronic untreated fibrous dysplasia of the mandible in a 40-year-old man is described, with emphasis on the radiographic findings. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such case to be reported in the literature. Within this mature mandibular lesion, a large radiolucency was noticed, with the appearance of a simple bone cyst. The patient did not have any symptoms directly related to the mandibular lesion. Various aspects of the diagnosis, radiographic appearance and differential diagnosis are discussed. The information presented here will be useful for all dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, physicians and other health care providers in identifying the appearance of chronic fibro-osseous lesions. (+info)Central giant cell granuloma and fibrous dysplasia occurring in the same jaw. (5/20)
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a developmental tumor like condition that is characterized by replacement of normal bone by an excessive proliferation of cellular fibrous connective tissue intermixed with irregular bony trabeculae. Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is described as a benign lesion affecting the mandible and maxilla that consists of a massive fibrohistiocytic proliferation with numerous heavily hemosiderin-laden multinucleate-giant cells. A 20 year old woman present at the Department of Oral Medicine, Dentistry School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences with a slowly growing non painful swelling of the right mandible for one year. Our differential diagnosis was osteoma, osteoid osteoma and Fd. The histological feature reveal Central giant cell granuloma fibrous dysplasia. Central giant cell granuloma and fibrous dysplasia occurring in the same jaw is rarely reported in the literatures. (+info)Mazabraud's syndrome coexisting with a uterine tumor resembling an ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT): a case report. (6/20)
The association of intramuscular myxoma and fibrous dysplasia is a rare disease known as Mazabraud's syndrome. We present a case of Mazabraud's syndrome coexisting with a uterine tumor and resembling an ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT). This uterine tumor showed a high mitotic index and cytological atypia. To the best of our knowledge, the coexistence of the two different entities has not been reported in the literature. (+info)Mazabraud's syndrome: a new case and review of the literature. (7/20)
(+info)Ilizarov technique for correction of the Shepherd's crook deformity: a report of two cases. (8/20)
We report 2 patients with fibrous dysplasia who underwent correction, using the Ilizarov technique, of Shepherd's crook deformities and pathological fractures of the left femurs. A 12-year-old boy underwent an opening wedge osteotomy and a 48-degree gradual correction, whereas a 43-year-old woman underwent a 34-degree acute correction without osteotomy at the fracture site. Both patients could initiate early weight bearing. Final leg function was excellent and alignment was maintained. No complications were encountered. Both patients had no difficulty sleeping and no major complaints about the Ilizarov technique. It is more important to achieve accurate alignment than resection of the lesion. The Ilizarov technique is effective for treating the Shepherd's crook deformity in patients with fibrous dysplasia. (+info)Fibrous dysplasia, monostotic is a benign bone disorder that affects a single bone (monostotic) and is characterized by the replacement of normal bone tissue with fibrous (scar-like) tissue. This results in the formation of abnormal bone that is weakened and more susceptible to fractures. The lesions can cause deformities, pain, and decreased mobility, depending on their size and location. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia is the most common form of fibrous dysplasia, accounting for approximately 70-80% of all cases. It typically manifests during childhood or adolescence and may stabilize or progress slowly over time. In some cases, it can be associated with endocrine disorders such as precocious puberty, hyperthyroidism, or growth hormone excess.
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone is a rare, benign bone disorder that is characterized by the replacement of normal bone tissue with fibrous (scar-like) and immature bone tissue. This results in weakened bones that are prone to fractures, deformities, and pain. The condition can affect any bone in the body but most commonly involves the long bones of the legs, arms, and skull. It can occur as an isolated finding or as part of a genetic disorder called McCune-Albright syndrome. The exact cause of fibrous dysplasia is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a genetic mutation that occurs during early bone development. There is no cure for fibrous dysplasia, and treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic is a rare genetic disorder that affects the bone tissue. It is characterized by the replacement of normal bone tissue with fibrous (scar-like) tissue, leading to weak and fragile bones that are prone to fractures and deformities. The term "polyostotic" refers to the involvement of multiple bones in the body.
In this condition, there is an abnormal development of the bone during fetal growth or early childhood due to a mutation in the GNAS gene. This results in the formation of fibrous tissue instead of normal bone tissue, leading to the characteristic features of Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic.
The symptoms of this condition can vary widely depending on the severity and location of the affected bones. Common symptoms include:
* Bone pain and tenderness
* Bone deformities (such as bowing of the legs)
* Increased risk of fractures
* Skin pigmentation changes (cafe-au-lait spots)
* Hearing loss or other hearing problems (if the skull is affected)
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic can also be associated with endocrine disorders such as precocious puberty and hyperthyroidism. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications to manage pain and prevent fractures, as well as surgical intervention to correct bone deformities or stabilize fractures.
A fibroma, ossifying is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that typically develops in the periodontal ligament, which is the tissue that connects the tooth to the jawbone. This type of fibroma is characterized by the formation of bone-like tissue within the tumor. It usually appears as a firm, slow-growing nodule or mass that can cause pain or discomfort, particularly when biting down on the affected tooth.
The exact cause of ossifying fibromas is not well understood, but they are thought to arise from an overgrowth of cells in the periodontal ligament. They are more common in women than men and typically occur in people between the ages of 20 and 40. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with any affected tissue or teeth. In some cases, recurrence may occur, so regular follow-up appointments with a dental professional are recommended.
Frontal sinusitis is a type of sinus infection that specifically involves the frontal sinuses, which are located in the forehead region above the eyes. The condition is characterized by inflammation and infection of the mucous membrane lining the frontal sinuses, leading to symptoms such as headaches, facial pain or pressure, nasal congestion, and thick nasal discharge.
Frontal sinusitis can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, as well as structural issues like nasal polyps or deviated septum that obstruct the sinus drainage pathways. Treatment options for frontal sinitis may include antibiotics, nasal decongestants, corticosteroids, saline nasal irrigation, and in some cases, endoscopic sinus surgery to alleviate obstructions and improve sinus drainage.
Ethmoid sinusitis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation or infection of the ethmoid sinuses. The ethmoid sinuses are a pair of small, air-filled cavities located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, near the eyes. They are surrounded by delicate bone structures and are connected to the nasal cavity by narrow channels.
Ethmoid sinusitis can occur as a result of a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection, or it may be caused by allergies, environmental factors, or structural abnormalities in the nasal passages. When the ethmoid sinuses become inflamed or infected, they can cause symptoms such as:
* Nasal congestion or stuffiness
* Pain or pressure in the forehead, between the eyes, or in the cheeks
* Headaches or facial pain
* Thick, discolored nasal discharge
* Postnasal drip
* Coughing or sneezing
* Fever
* Fatigue
Ethmoid sinusitis can be acute (lasting for a short period of time) or chronic (persisting for several weeks or months). If left untreated, ethmoid sinusitis can lead to complications such as the spread of infection to other parts of the body, including the eyes and brain. Treatment for ethmoid sinusitis may include antibiotics, decongestants, nasal sprays, or surgery in severe cases.
GTP-binding protein alpha subunits, Gs, are a type of heterotrimeric G proteins that play a crucial role in the transmission of signals within cells. These proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha subunit of Gs proteins (Gs-alpha) is responsible for activating adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), a secondary messenger involved in various cellular processes.
When a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is activated by an extracellular signal, it interacts with and activates the Gs protein. This activation causes the exchange of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) bound to the alpha subunit with guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The GTP-bound Gs-alpha then dissociates from the beta-gamma subunits and interacts with adenylyl cyclase, activating it and leading to an increase in cAMP levels. This signaling cascade ultimately results in various cellular responses, such as changes in gene expression, metabolism, or cell growth and differentiation.
It is important to note that mutations in the GNAS gene, which encodes the Gs-alpha subunit, can lead to several endocrine and non-endocrine disorders, such as McCune-Albright syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, and various hormone-related diseases.
Jaw neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the jawbone (mandible) or maxilla (upper jaw). These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are not considered life-threatening, but they can still cause problems by invading nearby tissues and causing damage. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can spread to other parts of the body and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and effectively.
Jaw neoplasms can present with various symptoms such as swelling, pain, loose teeth, numbness or tingling in the lips or tongue, difficulty chewing or swallowing, and jaw stiffness or limited movement. The diagnosis of jaw neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, and sometimes a biopsy to determine the type and extent of the tumor.
Treatment options for jaw neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and medical history. Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis (spread) of the neoplasm.
The facial bones, also known as the facial skeleton, are a series of bones that make up the framework of the face. They include:
1. Frontal bone: This bone forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets.
2. Nasal bones: These two thin bones form the bridge of the nose.
3. Maxilla bones: These are the largest bones in the facial skeleton, forming the upper jaw, the bottom of the eye sockets, and the sides of the nose. They also contain the upper teeth.
4. Zygomatic bones (cheekbones): These bones form the cheekbones and the outer part of the eye sockets.
5. Palatine bones: These bones form the back part of the roof of the mouth, the side walls of the nasal cavity, and contribute to the formation of the eye socket.
6. Inferior nasal conchae: These are thin, curved bones that form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and help to filter and humidify air as it passes through the nose.
7. Lacrimal bones: These are the smallest bones in the skull, located at the inner corner of the eye socket, and help to form the tear duct.
8. Mandible (lower jaw): This is the only bone in the facial skeleton that can move. It holds the lower teeth and forms the chin.
These bones work together to protect vital structures such as the eyes, brain, and nasal passages, while also providing attachment points for muscles that control chewing, expression, and other facial movements.
The sphenoid bone is a complex, irregularly shaped bone located in the middle cranial fossa and forms part of the base of the skull. It articulates with several other bones, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones. The sphenoid bone has two main parts: the body and the wings.
The body of the sphenoid bone is roughly cuboid in shape and contains several important structures, such as the sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland, and the sphenoid sinuses, which are air-filled cavities within the bone. The greater wings of the sphenoid bone extend laterally from the body and form part of the skull's lateral walls. They contain the superior orbital fissure, through which important nerves and blood vessels pass between the cranial cavity and the orbit of the eye.
The lesser wings of the sphenoid bone are thin, blade-like structures that extend anteriorly from the body and form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. They contain the optic canal, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery between the brain and the orbit of the eye.
Overall, the sphenoid bone plays a crucial role in protecting several important structures within the skull, including the pituitary gland, optic nerves, and ophthalmic arteries.
Developmental bone diseases are a group of medical conditions that affect the growth and development of bones. These diseases are present at birth or develop during childhood and adolescence, when bones are growing rapidly. They can result from genetic mutations, hormonal imbalances, or environmental factors such as poor nutrition.
Some examples of developmental bone diseases include:
1. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI): Also known as brittle bone disease, OI is a genetic disorder that affects the body's production of collagen, a protein necessary for healthy bones. People with OI have fragile bones that break easily and may also experience other symptoms such as blue sclerae (whites of the eyes), hearing loss, and joint laxity.
2. Achondroplasia: This is the most common form of dwarfism, caused by a genetic mutation that affects bone growth. People with achondroplasia have short limbs and a large head relative to their body size.
3. Rickets: A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency or an inability to absorb or use vitamin D properly. This leads to weak, soft bones that can bow or bend easily, particularly in children.
4. Fibrous dysplasia: A rare bone disorder where normal bone is replaced with fibrous tissue, leading to weakened bones and deformities.
5. Scoliosis: An abnormal curvature of the spine that can develop during childhood or adolescence. While not strictly a developmental bone disease, scoliosis can be caused by various underlying conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spina bifida.
Treatment for developmental bone diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment may include medication, physical therapy, bracing, or surgery to correct deformities and improve function. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor growth, manage symptoms, and prevent complications.
The skull is the bony structure that encloses and protects the brain, the eyes, and the ears. It is composed of two main parts: the cranium, which contains the brain, and the facial bones. The cranium is made up of several fused flat bones, while the facial bones include the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), cheekbones, nose bones, and eye sockets (orbits).
The skull also provides attachment points for various muscles that control chewing, moving the head, and facial expressions. Additionally, it contains openings for blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord to pass through. The skull's primary function is to protect the delicate and vital structures within it from injury and trauma.
Mandibular diseases refer to conditions that affect the mandible, or lower jawbone. These diseases can be classified as congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developing after birth). They can also be categorized based on the tissues involved, such as bone, muscle, or cartilage. Some examples of mandibular diseases include:
1. Mandibular fractures: These are breaks in the lower jawbone that can result from trauma or injury.
2. Osteomyelitis: This is an infection of the bone and surrounding tissues, which can affect the mandible.
3. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders: These are conditions that affect the joint that connects the jawbone to the skull, causing pain and limited movement.
4. Mandibular tumors: These are abnormal growths that can be benign or malignant, and can develop in any of the tissues of the mandible.
5. Osteonecrosis: This is a condition where the bone tissue dies due to lack of blood supply, which can affect the mandible.
6. Cleft lip and palate: This is a congenital deformity that affects the development of the face and mouth, including the lower jawbone.
7. Mandibular hypoplasia: This is a condition where the lower jawbone does not develop properly, leading to a small or recessed chin.
8. Developmental disorders: These are conditions that affect the growth and development of the mandible, such as condylar hyperplasia or hemifacial microsomia.
X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.
The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.
CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.
In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.
CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.
In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.
'Leg bones' is a general term that refers to the bones in the leg portion of the lower extremity. In humans, this would specifically include:
1. Femur: This is the thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It connects the hip bone to the knee.
2. Patella: This is the kneecap, a small triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint.
3. Tibia and Fibula: These are the bones of the lower leg. The tibia, or shin bone, is the larger of the two and bears most of the body's weight. It connects the knee to the ankle. The fibula, a slender bone, runs parallel to the tibia on its outside.
Please note that in medical terminology, 'leg bones' doesn't include the bones of the foot (tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges), which are often collectively referred to as the 'foot bones'.
The frontal bone is the bone that forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets (orbits) in the skull. It is a single, flat bone that has a prominent ridge in the middle called the superior sagittal sinus, which contains venous blood. The frontal bone articulates with several other bones, including the parietal bones at the sides and back, the nasal bones in the center of the face, and the zygomatic (cheek) bones at the lower sides of the orbits.
Café-au-lait spots are light to dark brown, flat patches on the skin that are benign and usually harmless. The term "café-au-lait" means "coffee with milk," which describes the color of these spots. They can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter and can appear anywhere on the body, although they are most commonly found on the trunk and buttocks.
While café-au-lait spots are common and can occur in up to 20% of the general population, having multiple (more than six) such spots, especially if they are large or present at birth, may be a sign of an underlying medical condition, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder that affects the growth and development of nerve tissue.
Therefore, it is essential to monitor café-au-lait spots and report any changes or concerns to a healthcare provider.
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of genetic disorders that affect the development and formation of ectodermal tissues, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. The condition is usually present at birth or appears in early infancy.
The symptoms of ED can vary widely depending on the specific type and severity of the disorder. Common features may include:
* Sparse or absent hair
* Thin, wrinkled, or rough skin
* Abnormal or missing teeth
* Nail abnormalities
* Absent or reduced sweat glands, leading to heat intolerance and problems regulating body temperature
* Ear abnormalities, which can result in hearing loss
* Eye abnormalities
ED is caused by mutations in genes that are involved in the development of ectodermal tissues. Most cases of ED are inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that a child can inherit the disorder even if only one parent (dominant) or both parents (recessive) carry the mutated gene.
There is no cure for ED, but treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include measures to maintain body temperature, such as cooling vests or frequent cool baths; dental treatments to replace missing teeth; hearing aids for hearing loss; and skin care regimens to prevent dryness and irritation.
Maxillary diseases refer to conditions that affect the maxilla, which is the upper bone of the jaw. This bone plays an essential role in functions such as biting, chewing, and speaking, and also forms the upper part of the oral cavity, houses the upper teeth, and supports the nose and the eyes.
Maxillary diseases can be caused by various factors, including infections, trauma, tumors, congenital abnormalities, or systemic conditions. Some common maxillary diseases include:
1. Maxillary sinusitis: Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the maxilla, can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and headaches.
2. Periodontal disease: Infection and inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth, including the gums and the alveolar bone (which is part of the maxilla), can lead to tooth loss and other complications.
3. Maxillary fractures: Trauma to the face can result in fractures of the maxilla, which can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty breathing or speaking.
4. Maxillary cysts and tumors: Abnormal growths in the maxilla can be benign or malignant and may require surgical intervention.
5. Oral cancer: Cancerous lesions in the oral cavity, including the maxilla, can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing or speaking.
Treatment for maxillary diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include antibiotics, surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices can help prevent many maxillary diseases.
The sphenoid sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the sphenoid bone, which is one of the bones that make up the skull base. These sinuses are located deep inside the skull, behind the eyes and nasal cavity. They are paired and separated by a thin bony septum, and each one opens into the corresponding nasal cavity through a small opening called the sphenoethmoidal recess. The sphenoid sinuses vary greatly in size and shape between individuals. They develop during childhood and continue to grow until early adulthood. The function of the sphenoid sinuses, like other paranasal sinuses, is not entirely clear, but they may contribute to reducing the weight of the skull, resonating voice during speech, and insulating the brain from trauma.
In medical terms, ribs are the long, curved bones that make up the ribcage in the human body. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and connect to the sternum anteriorly via costal cartilages. There are 12 pairs of ribs in total, and they play a crucial role in protecting the lungs and heart, allowing room for expansion and contraction during breathing. Ribs also provide attachment points for various muscles involved in respiration and posture.
Orbital diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the orbit, which is the bony cavity in the skull that contains the eye, muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as eyelid swelling, protrusion or displacement of the eyeball, double vision, pain, and limited extraocular muscle movement.
Orbital diseases can be broadly classified into inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic (benign or malignant), vascular, traumatic, and congenital categories. Some examples of orbital diseases include:
* Orbital cellulitis: a bacterial or fungal infection that causes swelling and inflammation in the orbit
* Graves' disease: an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland and can cause protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos)
* Orbital tumors: benign or malignant growths that develop in the orbit, such as optic nerve gliomas, lacrimal gland tumors, and lymphomas
* Carotid-cavernous fistulas: abnormal connections between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus, leading to pulsatile proptosis and other symptoms
* Orbital fractures: breaks in the bones surrounding the orbit, often caused by trauma
* Congenital anomalies: structural abnormalities present at birth, such as craniofacial syndromes or dermoid cysts.
Proper diagnosis and management of orbital diseases require a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, neurologists, radiologists, and other specialists.
A bone cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops within a bone. It can be classified as either simple (unicameral) or aneurysmal. Simple bone cysts are more common in children and adolescents, and they typically affect the long bones of the arms or legs. These cysts are usually asymptomatic unless they become large enough to weaken the bone and cause a fracture. Aneurysmal bone cysts, on the other hand, can occur at any age and can affect any bone, but they are most common in the leg bones and spine. They are characterized by rapidly growing blood-filled sacs that can cause pain, swelling, and fractures.
Both types of bone cysts may be treated with observation, medication, or surgery depending on their size, location, and symptoms. It is important to note that while these cysts can be benign, they should still be evaluated and monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure proper treatment and prevention of complications.
Osteoma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor that is made up of mature bone tissue. It usually grows slowly over a period of years and is most commonly found in the skull or jaw, although it can occur in other bones of the body as well. Osteomas are typically small, but they can grow to be several centimeters in size. They may cause symptoms if they press on nearby tissues or structures, such as nerves or blood vessels. In some cases, osteomas may not cause any symptoms and may only be discovered during routine imaging studies. Treatment for osteoma is typically not necessary unless it is causing problems or growing rapidly. If treatment is needed, it may involve surgical removal of the tumor.
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Fibrous dysplasia of bone associated with soft-tissue myxomas as well as an intra-osseous myxoma in a woman with Mazabraud's...
Lesions13
- Monostotic fibrous dysplasia occurs with equal frequency in both sexes and normally develops early in life, with lesions frequently identified late in the first and early second decades. (wikipedia.org)
- McCune-Albright syndrome features polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, often unilateral, with skin pigmentation lesions and endocrine dysfunction. (medscape.com)
- Fibroblastic dysplasia accounts for 7% of benign bone tumors and 2.5% of all bone lesions. (ijssurgery.com)
- 4 , 5 The spine is involved in 1.4% to 5.5% of fibrous dysplasia lesions. (ijssurgery.com)
- The polyostotic form is occasionally associated with precocious puberty, fibrous dysplasia, and cafe-au-lait skin lesions (McCune-Albright syndrome, Albright syndrome) or with myxomas of skeletal muscle (Mazabraud syndrome). (medscape.com)
- In fibrous dysplasia, lesions are characterized by woven ossified tissue and extensive marrow fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- In head and neck area monostotic or polyostotic lesions cause a progressively expanding destructive bone swelling producing cosmetic deformities and functional impairments. (mattioli1885journals.com)
- 2. Eversole LR, Sabes WB, Povin S. Fibrous dysplasia, a nosologic problem in the diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. (mattioli1885journals.com)
- FD can be monostotic with lesions localized in only one bone, (70-80% of all cases), or it can be polyostotic in which it involves many bones. (mjdrdypu.org)
- Approximately 30% of monostotic FD lesions are found in the cranial or facial bones. (dentalreach.today)
- dysplasia evident through this study is essential in the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment planning of such lesions. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- 4] Fibrous dysplasia produces radiographic patterns that are virtually indistinguishable from other lesions impacting the bones, such as for example Paget's Rabbit Polyclonal to Galectin 3 disease and cemento-osseous fibroma. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- Displastic lesions usually characterized as unilateral monostotic or polyostotic fibrous osteodysplasia and osteosementic dysplasia as well as three forms of dysplasia: pseudocystic, pseudosclerotic and mixed. (rejr.ru)
Bone26
- Monostotic fibrous dysplasia is a form of fibrous dysplasia where only one bone is involved. (wikipedia.org)
- It is a rare bone disease characterized by the replacement of normal elements of the bone by fibrous connective tissue, which can cause very painful swellings and bone deformities, and make bone abnormally fragile and prone to fracture. (wikipedia.org)
- A congenital, noninherited, benign anomaly of bone development in a single bone, it consists of the replacement of normal marrow and cancellous bone by immature bone with fibrous stroma. (wikipedia.org)
- Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous developmental anomaly where only one bone is involved. (bvsalud.org)
- Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a skeletal developmental anomaly of the bone-forming mesenchyme that manifests as a defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. (medscape.com)
- Osseous changes are characterized by normal bone being replaced and distorted by poorly organized, structurally unsound, fibrous tissue. (medscape.com)
- In fibrous dysplasia, the features on a bone scan are nonspecific for diagnostic purposes. (medscape.com)
- The usual appearance of fibrous dysplasia includes a lucent lesion in the diaphysis or metaphysis, with endosteal scalloping and with or without bone expansion and the absence of periosteal reaction. (medscape.com)
- Fibrous dysplasia of bone may involve one bone (monostotic) or more than one (polyostotic). (aao.org)
- As a result of arrest in the maturation of bone, trabeculae are composed not of lamellar bone but of woven bone with a fibrous stroma that is highly vascularized. (aao.org)
- Fibro-osseous dysplasia (juvenile ossifying fibroma), a variant of fibrous dysplasia, is characterized histologically by spicules of bone rimmed by osteoblasts (Fig 14-19). (aao.org)
- Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of the bone, characterized by the replacement of the medullary component of one (monostotic) or, less commonly, several bones (polyostotic) with fibroblastic tissue. (ijssurgery.com)
- [ 9 ] Consequently, the osteoblastic cells will elaborate a fibrous tissue in the bone marrow instead of normal bone. (medscape.com)
- Fibrous dysplasia accounts for about 5% of all benign bone tumors. (medscape.com)
- Cancellous bone maintenance is perturbed, and bone undergoing physiologic remodeling is replaced by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue. (medscape.com)
- Fibrous dysplasia is a fibro-osseous osteopathy in which the normal bone architecture is replaced by fibrous tissue and non-functional trabeculae-like osseous structures. (mattioli1885journals.com)
- The in vitro metabolism of osteoclasts obtained from involved disease areas of two patients with idiopathic monostotic fibrous dysplasia and one patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia were compared with osteoclasts isolated from noninvolved bone in the same individuals and normal controls. (northwestern.edu)
- Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is an abnormal bone growth where normal bone is replaced with fibrous tissue. (mjdrdypu.org)
- It is characterized by fibrous dysplasia, which can develop in a single bone (monostotic) or in multiple bones (polyostotic), associated with one or more soft-tissue myxomas. (biomedcentral.com)
- Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bony disorder in which normal bone is replaced by abnormal fibro-osseous tissue. (dentalreach.today)
- The fibrous bone was removed in chunks, and Dr. Andrade was able to remove the section blocking Mr. Espino's mouth and nose. (dentalreach.today)
- Keywords: Cotton wool, fibrous dysplasia, ground glass, orange peel, thumb print INTRODUCTION Fibrous dysplasia is a non-neoplastic hamartomatous developmental lesion of the bone of unknown origin. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- 1] There are two primary categories of the disease: Monostotic fibrous dysplasia that involves only one bone and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, that involves many bone fragments. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- Another category defined as the craniofacial kind of fibrous dysplasia is certainly confined to the facial skin and jaws concerning several bone fragments. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- It is evident from the literature that most frequently (in almost 80% of the cases) FD affects only one bone [ 17 - 20 ] and this form is called monostotic FD while in case multiple bones are involved, it is called as polyostotic FD [ 2 , 10 , 11 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
- it is characterized by an accelerated rate of bone remodeling, resulting in overgrowth of bone at single (monostotic PDB) or multiple (polyostotic PDB) sites and impaired integrity of affected bone. (medilib.ir)
Femur9
- The most common locations of monostotic FD are the rib, the skull, and the femur. (medscape.com)
- T1-weighted axial MR scan showing low signal within the shaft of right femur in a patient with fibrous dysplasia. (medscape.com)
- In this report, we describe the case of a 49-year-old Caucasian woman known for years to have fibrous dysplasia in the left femur and tibia who presented with progressive pain in her left leg and soft swelling in the left quadriceps region. (biomedcentral.com)
- She was known for years to have fibrous dysplasia in the left femur and tibia. (biomedcentral.com)
- When she was 49 years old, an attempt was made to excise the fibrous dysplasia from the proximal femur. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conventional X-rays of the left leg showed typical features of fibrous dysplasia in the proximal femur (Figure 1 ) and the proximal tibia (Figure 2 ) with ground glass appearance and a shepherd's crook deformity. (biomedcentral.com)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her left leg showed extensive fibrous dysplasia in the entire femur with expansive growth in the greater trochanter. (biomedcentral.com)
- A 37-year-old woman with a fibrous polyostotic dysplasia (FPD) of the left femur, tibia and foot was diagnosed at 11 years of age. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
- Monostotic FD has a different skeletal distribution from polyostotic disease and occurs most commonly in the femur followed by tibia, craniofacial bones, and ribs [ 14 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
Consistent with fibrous dysplasia2
- this finding is consistent with fibrous dysplasia. (medscape.com)
- Anteroposterior plain film of the upper left leg with typical osseous changes consistent with fibrous dysplasia and shepherd's crook deformity. (biomedcentral.com)
Cafe-au-l1
- The Jaffe - Lichtenstein symptoms is certainly a variant of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with cafe'-au-lait pigmentation of your skin. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Replaced by fibrous tissue1
- Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a slow growing benign noninherited disorder in which normal bones are replaced by fibrous tissue and immature woven bones. (mjdrdypu.org)
Tissue5
- Mazabraud's syndrome is a rare but well-described disorder characterized by fibrous dysplasia in single or multiple bones associated with one or more soft-tissue myxomas. (biomedcentral.com)
- A pattern of association between fibrous dysplasia and soft-tissue myxomas was described by Mazabraud et al . (biomedcentral.com)
- Occasionally acute osteomyelitis may be contained to a localized area and walled off by fibrous and granulation tissue . (mdwiki.org)
- A mutation in the GNAS1 gene has been detected, 1 producing alterations in osteoplastic maturation and abnormal fibrous tissue deposit. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
- It presents with replacement of the osseous structures with cellular fibrous tissue containing foci of ossification [ 1 - 4 , 17 - 20 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
Mandible5
- Chronic untreated fibrous dysplasia of the mandible in a 40-year-old man is described, with emphasis on the radiographic findings. (researchwithrutgers.com)
- Singer, SR , Mupparapu, M & Rinaggio, J 2004, ' Clinical and radiographic features of chronic monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the mandible ', Journal of the Canadian Dental Association , vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 548-552. (researchwithrutgers.com)
- Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) is one of the subtypes of FD that can affect the bones of the craniofacial complex, including the mandible and maxilla. (opendentistryjournal.com)
- Craniofacial involvement occurs in about 30% of monostotic fibrous dysplasia and typically affects the maxilla, mandible, and rarely the calvarium. (opendentistryjournal.com)
- It should be noted that literature highlights the term monostotic to be applied to those cases of FD which involved the mandible alone [ 2 , 25 , 26 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
Radiographic2
- Clinical presentation and radiographic features of fibrous dysplasia affecting the jawbone skeletal area, surgical procedures performed including the reconstructive methods employed and clinical outcomes were analysed for each patient. (mattioli1885journals.com)
- Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and radiographic presentation of fibrous dysplasia through an 8-year retrospective study in patients who reported to the outpatient unit of the Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Fibro-osseous1
- Fibrous dysplasia is a benign, intra-medullary, fibro-osseous lesion and usually develops in childhood or early adult life. (biomedcentral.com)
Lesion1
- Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a fibroosseous lesion of the osseous structures of the body. (opendentistryjournal.com)
Bones2
- In Mazabraud's syndrome, they usually occur (1) when the patient is at a more advanced age and (2) in close vicinity of the bones most severely affected by fibrous dysplasia. (biomedcentral.com)
- Bilateral dysplasia of the facial bones occurs relatively rare. (rejr.ru)
Bony1
- Children with fibrous dysplasia have specific areas of local bony overgrowth. (northwestern.edu)
Myxomas2
- This finding supports, and could provide new insight into, the pathological association between fibrous dysplasia and myxomas. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2] Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with soft tissues myxomas is named Mazabraud symptoms. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Osteoclasts1
- Pensler, JM & Langman, CB 1993, ' Metabolic Changes in Osteoclasts Isolated from Children with Fibrous Dysplasia ', DNA and Cell Biology , vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 411-414. (northwestern.edu)
Retrospective1
- The aim of this article is to present a retrospective review of a clinical case series with pathologically confirmed jawbone fibrous dysplasia for over an 8-year-period. (mattioli1885journals.com)
Diagnosis3
- Investigations revealed a diagnosis of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the thoracolumbar spine in isolation. (ijssurgery.com)
- Most of TAK-375 them highlighted myriad radiology that provided versatile medical diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia verified by histopathological reviews. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- Components AND Strategies An assessment from the radiology information from the Section of Mouth Medication Radiology and Medical diagnosis, Kothiwal Oral University and Analysis Center, Moradabad between TAK-375 2005 and 2012 revealed 14 patients with fibrous dysplasia where the diagnosis had been histopathologically confirmed. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Radiographs1
- Thus, abdominal radiographs tend to capture the proximal femurs, pelvis, and lumbar spine (common sites of Paget disease) but miss patients with monostotic disease of the skull, upper spine, or distal extremity. (medilib.ir)
Polyostotic type2
- Monostotic fibrous dysplasia does not convert into the polyostotic type. (wikipedia.org)
- A monostotic type does not improvement right into a polyostotic type of the condition. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Jaws1
- The literature review was used to establish diagnostic criteria, planning and treatment in order to guide the monostotic fibrous dysplasia exeresis in the jaws. (bvsalud.org)
Tibia2
- Anteroposterior plain film of the left tibia showing fibrous dysplasia. (biomedcentral.com)
- The left proximal tibia also showed signs of fibrous dysplasia extending 20 cm distally from the tibial plateau. (biomedcentral.com)
Variant1
- The monostotic variant is more prevalent, diagnosed during the patient's youth and less symptomatic. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
Humerus1
- Image shows homogeneous loss of the normal trabecular pattern in the shaft of the humerus, with a ground-glass appearance caused by fibrous dysplasia. (medscape.com)
Endocrine1
- A more serious type of the polyostotic kind of fibrous dysplasia followed by endocrine disruptions of differing types furthermore to epidermis pigmentation is named the McCune-Albright symptoms. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Asymptomatic1
- Most patients with fibroblastic dysplasia are asymptomatic, but some may present with a pain or swelling on the back. (ijssurgery.com)
Case7
- Fibrous dysplasia of the spine in a polyostotic form is very rare, with fewer than 36 cases discussed in the literature and there is no such case in Indonesia that has been reported. (ijssurgery.com)
- The aim of this report is to present a case from Indonesia of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia isolated in the spine. (ijssurgery.com)
- A case of the polyostotic form of fibrous dysplasia of the spine in isolation has never been reported in Indonesia. (ijssurgery.com)
- 6 - 8 Fibrous dysplasia of the spine in a polyostotic form is very rare, with fewer than 36 cases discussed in the literature, and no such case has previously been reported in Indonesia. (ijssurgery.com)
- HASAN, C. Y. Inferior alveolar nerve preservation for hemimandibulectomy and bridging plate reconstruction in monostotic fibrous dysplasia case. (jdmfs.org)
- To our knowledge, the present case report is the first to describe the combination of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and intra-muscular as well as intra-osseous myxoma. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2] Within the last few decades, you can find considerable amount of case reviews published on the many radiological top features of fibrous dysplasia. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Form3
- [ 8 ] The monostotic form is more common than the polyostotic form. (medscape.com)
- Seven cases were classified as having monostotic fibrous dysplasia while the others four cases were classified as having polyostotic form. (mattioli1885journals.com)
- In the 67 cases of Mazabraud's syndrome described so far, most patients had the polyostotic form of fibrous dysplasia. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients3
- Pain is a common symptom of patients with fibrous dysplasia. (medscape.com)
- Pain is a common sign of fibrous dysplasia in symptomatic patients. (medscape.com)
- However, a study of a population-based cohort from the Netherlands suggested that although sAP is a marker for PDB, the sAP level is normal in the majority of patients with Paget disease, particularly those with monostotic disease [ 26 ]. (medilib.ir)
Cases1
- Monostotic FD accounts for about 80% of cases. (medscape.com)