Euthanasia
Euthanasia, Active, Voluntary
Euthanasia, Active
Euthanasia, Animal
Suicide, Assisted
Euthanasia, Passive
Wedge Argument
Right to Die
Attitude to Death
Terminally Ill
Double Effect Principle
Ethics, Medical
Withholding Treatment
Living Wills
Personal Autonomy
Belgium
Ethics, Nursing
Animal Welfare
Ethical Analysis
Ethicists
National Socialism
Electromyography
Decapitation
Assessment of physician-assisted death by members of the public prosecution in The Netherlands. (1/73)
OBJECTIVES: To identify the factors that influence the assessment of reported cases of physician-assisted death by members of the public prosecution. DESIGN/SETTING: At the beginning of 1996, during verbal interviews, 12 short case-descriptions were presented to a representative group of 47 members of the public prosecution in the Netherlands. RESULTS: Assessment varied considerably between respondents. Some respondents made more "lenient" assessments than others. Characteristics of the respondents, such as function, personal-life philosophy and age, were not related to the assessment. Case characteristics, i.e. the presence of an explicit request, life expectancy and the type of suffering, strongly influenced the assessment. Of these characteristics, the presence or absence of an explicit request was the most important determinant of the decision whether or not to hold an inquest. CONCLUSIONS: Although the presence of an explicit request, life expectancy and the type of suffering each influenced the assessment, each individual assessment was dependent on the assessor. The resulting danger of legal inequality and legal uncertainty, particularly in complicated cases, should be kept to a minimum by the introduction of some form of protocol and consultation in doubtful or boundary cases. The notification procedure already promotes a certain degree of uniformity in the prosecution policy. (+info)Voluntary euthanasia under control? Further empirical evidence from The Netherlands. (2/73)
Nineteen ninety-six saw the publication of a major Dutch survey into euthanasia in the Netherlands. This paper outlines the main statistical findings of this survey and considers whether it shows that voluntary euthanasia is under effective control in the Netherlands. The paper concludes that although there has been some improvement in compliance with procedural requirements, the practice of voluntary euthanasia remains beyond effective control. (+info)Slippery slopes in flat countries--a response. (3/73)
In response to the paper by Keown and Jochemsen in which the latest empirical data concerning euthanasia and other end-of-life decisions in the Netherlands is discussed, this paper discusses three points. The use of euthanasia in cases in which palliative care was a viable alternative may be taken as proof of a slippery slope. However, it could also be interpreted as an indication of a shift towards more autonomy-based end-of-life decisions. The cases of non-voluntary euthanasia are a serious problem in the Netherlands and they are only rarely justifiable. However, they do not prove the existence of a slippery slope. Persuading the physician to bring euthanasia cases to the knowledge of the authorities is a problem of any euthanasia policy. The Dutch notification procedure has recently been changed to reduce the underreporting of cases. However, many questions remain. (+info)Conditions required for a law on active voluntary euthanasia: a survey of nurses' opinions in the Australian Capital Territory. (4/73)
OBJECTIVES: To ascertain which conditions nurses believe should be in a law allowing active voluntary euthanasia (AVE). DESIGN: Survey questionnaire posted to registered nurses (RNs). SETTING: Australian Capital Territory (ACT) at the end of 1996, when active voluntary euthanasia was legal in the Northern Territory. SURVEY SAMPLE: A random sample of 2,000 RNs, representing 54 per cent of the RN population in the ACT. MAIN MEASURES: Two methods were used to look at nurses' opinions. The first involved four vignettes which varied in terms of critical characteristics of each patient who was requesting help to die. The respondents were asked if the law should be changed to allow any of these requests. There was also a checklist of conditions, most of which have commonly been included in Australian proposed laws on AVE. The respondents chose those which they believed should apply in a law on AVE. RESULTS: The response rate was 61%. Support for a change in the law to allow AVE was 38% for a young man with AIDS, 39% for an elderly man with early stage Alzheimer's disease, 44% for a young woman who had become quadriplegic and 71% for a middle-aged woman with metastases from breast cancer. The conditions most strongly supported in any future AVE law were: "second doctor's opinion", "cooling off period", "unbearable protracted suffering", "patient fully informed about illness and treatment" and "terminally ill". There was only minority support for "not suffering from treatable depression", "administer the fatal dose themselves" and "over a certain age". CONCLUSION: Given the lack of support for some conditions included in proposed AVE laws, there needs to be further debate about the conditions required in any future AVE bills. (+info)A problem for the idea of voluntary euthanasia. (5/73)
I question whether, in those cases where physician-assisted suicide is invoked to alleviate unbearable pain and suffering, there can be such a thing as voluntary euthanasia. The problem is that when a patient asks to die under such conditions there is good reason to think that the decision to die is compelled by the pain, and hence not freely chosen. Since the choice to die was not made freely it is inadvisable for physicians to act in accordance with it, for this may be contrary to the patient's genuine wishes. Thus, what were thought to be cases of voluntary euthanasia might actually be instances of involuntary euthanasia. (+info)Advance directives are the solution to Dr Campbell's problem for voluntary euthanasia. (6/73)
Dr Neil Campbell suggests that when patients suffering extremes of protracted pain ask for help to end their lives, their requests should be discounted as made under compulsion. I contend that the doctors concerned should be referred to and then act upon advance directives made by those patients when of sound and calm mind and afflicted by no such intolerable compulsion. (+info)Autonomy, rationality and the wish to die. (7/73)
Although suicide has traditionally carried a negative sanction in Western societies, this is now being challenged, and while there remains substantial public concern surrounding youth and elder suicide, there is a paradoxical push to relax the prohibition under certain circumstances. Central to the arguments behind this are the principles of respect for autonomy and the importance of rationality. It is argued here that the concepts of rationality and autonomy, while valuable, are not strong enough to substantiate a categorical "right to suicide" and that the concepts of "understandability" and "respect" are more useful and able to provide the foundation for responding to a person expressing a wish to die. Roman suicide, sometimes held as an example of "rational suicide", illustrates the effects of culture, tradition and values on the attitudes to, and the practice of, suicide. (+info)Death--whose decision? Euthanasia and the terminally ill. (8/73)
In Australia and Oregon, USA, legislation to permit statutory sanctioned physician-assisted dying was enacted. However, opponents, many of whom held strong religious views, were successful with repeal in Australia. Similar opposition in Oregon was formidable, but ultimately lost in a 60-40% vote reaffirming physician-assisted dying. This paper examines the human dilemma which arises when technological advances in end-of-life medicine conflict with traditional and religious sanctity-of-life values. Society places high value on personal autonomy, particularly in the United States. We compare the potential for inherent contradictions and arbitrary decisions where patient autonomy is either permitted or forbidden. The broader implications for human experience resulting from new legislation in both Australia and Oregon are discussed. We conclude that allowing autonomy for the terminally ill, within circumscribed options, results in fewer ethical contradictions and greater preservation of dignity. (+info)Euthanasia is the act of intentionally ending a person's life to relieve suffering, typically carried out at the request of the person who is suffering and wants to die. This practice is also known as "assisted suicide" or "physician-assisted dying." It is a controversial issue that raises ethical, legal, and medical concerns.
Euthanasia can be classified into two main types: active and passive. Active euthanasia involves taking direct action to end a person's life, such as administering a lethal injection. Passive euthanasia, on the other hand, involves allowing a person to die by withholding or withdrawing medical treatment that is necessary to sustain their life.
Euthanasia is illegal in many countries and jurisdictions, while some have laws that allow it under certain circumstances. In recent years, there has been growing debate about whether euthanasia should be legalized and regulated to ensure that it is carried out in a humane and compassionate manner. Supporters argue that individuals have the right to choose how they die, especially if they are suffering from a terminal illness or chronic pain. Opponents, however, argue that legalizing euthanasia could lead to abuse and coercion, and that there are alternative ways to alleviate suffering, such as palliative care.
Active, voluntary euthanasia is a medical practice in which a patient, who has made a conscious and voluntary decision to end their own life, receives assistance from a healthcare professional to do so. This type of euthanasia involves the deliberate act of causing the patient's death, typically through the administration of a lethal dose of medication, at the patient's explicit request.
Active, voluntary euthanasia is a controversial topic and is illegal in many parts of the world. However, some countries and jurisdictions have laws that allow for medically assisted dying under certain circumstances, such as when a patient is suffering from a terminal illness or has an incurable condition that causes unbearable suffering.
It's important to note that active, voluntary euthanasia should not be confused with palliative sedation, which involves the use of medication to relieve pain and suffering at the end of life, even if it may hasten death as a secondary effect. Palliative sedation is a widely accepted medical practice, while active, voluntary euthanasia remains a contentious issue.
Active euthanasia is the deliberate act of causing the death of a patient, at their voluntary and competent request, in order to relieve them from suffering from an incurable illness or condition. It is also known as physician-assisted suicide or doctor-assisted dying. This practice is regulated and legal in some countries, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Canada, under strict conditions and regulations. In contrast, passive euthanasia refers to the withholding or withdrawing of life-sustaining treatments, allowing the natural course of the disease to take its place, which is generally more accepted and less controversial than active euthanasia.
Euthanasia, when used in the context of animals, refers to the act of intentionally causing the death of an animal in a humane and peaceful manner to alleviate suffering from incurable illness or injury. It is also commonly referred to as "putting an animal to sleep" or "mercy killing." The goal of euthanasia in animals is to minimize pain and distress, and it is typically carried out by a veterinarian using approved medications and techniques. Euthanasia may be considered when an animal's quality of life has become significantly compromised and there are no reasonable treatment options available to alleviate its suffering.
Assisted suicide, also known as physician-assisted dying or voluntary euthanasia, is a practice in which a healthcare professional knowingly and intentionally provides a competent patient, who has requested it, with the means to end their own life. This usually involves prescribing a lethal medication that the patient can self-administer to bring about a peaceful and dignified death. Assisted suicide is a controversial topic and is illegal in many parts of the world, while some countries and states have laws allowing it under certain circumstances. It's important to note that the specific definition and legality may vary depending on the jurisdiction.
Passive euthanasia is the act of withholding or withdrawing medical treatments that are necessary to maintain life, allowing the natural dying process to occur. This can include stopping artificial nutrition and hydration, mechanical ventilation, or other forms of life-sustaining treatment. The goal of passive euthanasia is to allow a person who is suffering from a terminal illness or irreversible condition to die with dignity and in comfort, sparing them from unnecessary pain and suffering. It is important to note that the decision to engage in passive euthanasia should be made carefully, with the full involvement of the patient, their family, and medical team, and in accordance with applicable laws and ethical guidelines.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "wedge argument" is not a term used in medical terminology. It is a concept from logic and rhetoric, often used in debates or arguments to drive a wedge between the opposing sides by introducing a point of disagreement within the group. This can cause one side to weaken or change their position, making it easier for the other side to argue their case.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or healthcare, please don't hesitate to ask!
"Right to Die" is not a medical term per se, but it's a concept that has significant implications in medical ethics and patient care. It generally refers to the right of a competent, terminally ill individual to choose to end their life in a humane and dignified manner, usually through physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. This decision is typically made when the individual experiences unbearable suffering and believes that death is preferable to continued living.
The right to die raises complex ethical, legal, and medical issues related to autonomy, informed consent, palliative care, and end-of-life decision-making. It's important to note that while some jurisdictions have laws allowing physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia under specific circumstances, others do not, reflecting the ongoing debate about this issue in society.
I'm happy to help, but I must clarify that the term "voluntary programs" is not a medical term per se. Instead, it is a more general term used in various fields, including healthcare and medicine, to refer to initiatives or activities that individuals willingly choose to participate in.
In the context of healthcare and medicine, voluntary programs might include wellness initiatives, smoking cessation support groups, or community health education classes. These programs are typically designed to promote healthy behaviors, prevent illnesses, or manage existing medical conditions. Participants engage in these activities voluntarily, without any external pressure or coercion, and can choose to discontinue their involvement at any time.
It is essential to understand that the specifics of a "voluntary program" may vary depending on the context and setting. If you are looking for information about a particular type of voluntary program in healthcare or medicine, please provide more details so I can offer a more precise response.
In medical terms, "volition" refers to the conscious and deliberate process of making decisions and initiating actions based on personal choice. It is the ability to choose or decide on a course of action and then carry it out willfully. Volition involves the integration of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions to achieve a specific goal-oriented behavior.
Volitional processes are often impaired in certain neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression, among others. Assessing volition is important for evaluating an individual's capacity to make informed decisions and take responsibility for their actions.
"Attitude to Death" is not a medical term per se, but it does refer to an individual's perspective, feelings, and beliefs about death and dying. It can encompass various aspects such as fear, acceptance, curiosity, denial, or preparation. While not a medical definition, understanding a person's attitude to death can be relevant in healthcare settings, particularly in palliative and end-of-life care, as it can influence their decisions and experiences around their own mortality.
'Terminally ill' is a medical term used to describe a patient whose illness or condition is unlikely to respond to further treatment and is expected to result in death, often within six months. It's important to note that this timeframe can sometimes be difficult to predict accurately. This diagnosis often leads to discussions about palliative care and end-of-life decisions.
The Double Effect Principle is a doctrine in moral and medical philosophy that allows an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of a human being, as a side effect of promoting some good end. The principle states that an action having two effects -- one good and one bad -- may be morally permissible if the following conditions are met:
1. The action itself must be morally good or neutral.
2. The bad effect must not be the means by which the good effect is achieved.
3. The intention of the person performing the action must be to achieve the good effect, with the bad effect being an unintended side effect.
4. The good effect must be proportionate to the bad effect.
In medical contexts, the Double Effect Principle is often invoked in debates about end-of-life care and the use of potentially life-shortening treatments. For example, a doctor may administer pain-relieving drugs that also have the side effect of shortening the patient's life, if their primary intention is to alleviate the patient's suffering and not to cause their death. The principle is controversial and has been subject to much debate and criticism in bioethics.
Medical ethics is a branch of ethics that deals with moral issues in medical care, research, and practice. It provides a framework for addressing questions related to patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, distributive justice, beneficentia (doing good), and non-maleficence (not doing harm). Medical ethics also involves the application of ethical principles such as respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to specific medical cases and situations. It is a crucial component of medical education and practice, helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions that promote patient well-being while respecting their rights and dignity.
There is no universally accepted medical definition for "Value of Life" as it is a concept that encompasses both medical, ethical, and philosophical considerations. However, in the context of healthcare, the value of life may refer to the benefits, outcomes, or improvements in quality of life that are gained through medical interventions or treatments. This can include extending lifespan, improving functional ability, relieving symptoms, and enhancing overall well-being.
Ultimately, the value of life is subjective and depends on individual and societal values, beliefs, and preferences. Healthcare providers must consider these factors when making treatment decisions and engaging in end-of-life care discussions with patients and their families. It's important to note that the medical community does not assign a monetary value to human life.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "morals" is not a term that has a medical definition. Morals refer to personal or societal beliefs about right and wrong behavior. It is a concept that falls under the realm of ethics, philosophy, and sociology rather than medicine. If you have any questions related to medical terminologies or concepts, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.
"Withholding treatment" in a medical context refers to the deliberate decision not to provide or initiate certain medical treatments, interventions, or procedures for a patient. This decision is typically made after considering various factors such as the patient's wishes, their overall prognosis, the potential benefits and burdens of the treatment, and the patient's quality of life.
The reasons for withholding treatment can vary widely, but some common reasons include:
* The treatment is unlikely to be effective in improving the patient's condition or extending their life.
* The treatment may cause unnecessary discomfort, pain, or suffering for the patient.
* The patient has expressed a desire not to receive certain treatments, particularly if they are deemed to be burdensome or of little benefit.
* The cost of the treatment is prohibitive and not covered by insurance, and the patient cannot afford to pay out-of-pocket.
It's important to note that withholding treatment does not mean abandoning the patient or providing substandard care. Rather, it involves making thoughtful and informed decisions about the most appropriate course of action for a given situation, taking into account the patient's individual needs and preferences.
A Living Will, also known as an Advance Directive or Advanced Health Care Directive, is a legal document that outlines a person's wishes regarding their medical treatment and end-of-life care in the event that they become unable to make decisions for themselves due to incapacitation. It typically includes instructions about whether to use life-sustaining treatments, such as mechanical ventilation or artificial nutrition and hydration, when there is no reasonable hope of recovery.
The purpose of a Living Will is to provide guidance to healthcare providers and family members regarding medical decisions that align with the individual's values, beliefs, and preferences. It is important to note that a Living Will only becomes effective under specific circumstances, such as when a person is diagnosed with a terminal illness or is in a persistent vegetative state.
It is recommended that individuals consult with an attorney or legal expert to ensure their Living Will meets the legal requirements of their state and accurately reflects their wishes. Additionally, it is essential to discuss these decisions with family members and healthcare providers to ensure everyone understands the person's preferences for medical care.
"Personal Autonomy" is not a medical term per se, but it is often used in medical ethics and patient care. It refers to the ability of an individual to make informed decisions about their own health and healthcare, based on their own values, beliefs, and preferences, without undue influence or coercion from others. This includes the right to accept or refuse medical treatment, to maintain confidentiality, and to participate in shared decision-making with healthcare providers. Personal autonomy is recognized as a fundamental principle in medical ethics and patient rights, and is protected by laws and regulations in many countries.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Belgium" is a country located in Western Europe and not a medical term or condition. It is one of the founding members of the European Union and is known for its rich history, culture, and diverse landscape, which includes coastal plains in the northwest, flat agricultural lands in the central region, and the rolling hills and forests in the southeast. It has a highly industrialized economy, with major industries including engineering and manufacturing, transport, and chemical and pharmaceutical production.
Religion and medicine are two distinct fields that can intersect in various ways. While religion can be defined as a set of beliefs, practices, and rituals related to the divine or supernatural, medicine is concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure of disease, illness, and other physical and mental impairments in humans.
A medical definition of "Religion and Medicine" might refer to the study of the relationship between religious beliefs, practices, and experiences, and health outcomes, healthcare delivery, and medical decision-making. This can include exploring how religious beliefs and practices influence health behaviors, coping mechanisms, social support networks, and access to care, as well as how they shape attitudes towards medical interventions, end-of-life decisions, and bioethical issues.
Religion can also play a role in the provision of healthcare services, such as through faith-based organizations that operate hospitals, clinics, and other health facilities. Additionally, religious leaders and communities may provide spiritual care and support to patients and their families, complementing the medical care provided by healthcare professionals.
Overall, the intersection of religion and medicine is a complex and multifaceted area of study that requires an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on insights from fields such as anthropology, sociology, psychology, theology, and public health.
Nursing ethics refers to the principles that guide the behavior and decision-making of nurses in their practice. These principles are based on values such as respect for autonomy, non-maleficence (do no harm), beneficence (do good), justice, and veracity (truthfulness). Nursing ethics provides a framework for nurses to make decisions that promote the health and well-being of their patients while also respecting their rights and dignity.
Nurses may encounter ethical dilemmas in their practice, such as when there is conflict between the interests of different patients or between the interests of the patient and those of the nurse or healthcare organization. In these situations, nurses are expected to engage in a process of ethical reasoning and decision-making that involves identifying the ethical issues involved, considering the relevant ethical principles and values, and seeking input from colleagues and other stakeholders as appropriate.
Nursing ethics is an essential component of nursing practice and education, and it is closely linked to broader bioethical considerations related to healthcare and medical research. Nurses are expected to be familiar with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations, such as those established by professional organizations and regulatory bodies, and to engage in ongoing reflection and learning to maintain and develop their ethical competence.
Terminal care, also known as end-of-life care or palliative care, is a type of medical care provided to patients who are in the final stages of a terminal illness or condition. The primary goal of terminal care is to provide comfort, dignity, and quality of life for the patient, rather than attempting to cure the disease or prolong life.
Terminal care may involve managing pain and other symptoms, providing emotional and psychological support to both the patient and their family, and helping the patient plan for the end of their life. This can include discussing advance directives, hospice care options, and other important decisions related to end-of-life care.
The focus of terminal care is on ensuring that the patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs are met in a compassionate and supportive manner. It is an essential component of high-quality medical care for patients who are facing the end of their lives.
Acepromazine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called phenothiazine derivatives. It acts as a tranquilizer and is commonly used in veterinary medicine to control anxiety, aggression, and excitable behavior in animals. It also has antiemetic properties and is sometimes used to prevent vomiting. In addition, it can be used as a pre-anesthetic medication to help calm and relax animals before surgery.
Acepromazine works by blocking the action of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps regulate movement, emotion, and cognition. This leads to sedation, muscle relaxation, and reduced anxiety. It is available in various forms, including tablets, injectable solutions, and transdermal gels, and is typically given to dogs, cats, and horses.
As with any medication, acepromazine can have side effects, including drowsiness, low blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and respiratory depression. It should be used with caution in animals with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease or liver disease, and should not be given to animals that are pregnant or lactating. It is important to follow the dosing instructions provided by a veterinarian carefully and to monitor the animal for any signs of adverse reactions.
Animal welfare is a concept that refers to the state of an animal's physical and mental health, comfort, and ability to express normal behaviors. It encompasses factors such as proper nutrition, housing, handling, care, treatment, and protection from harm and distress. The goal of animal welfare is to ensure that animals are treated with respect and consideration, and that their needs and interests are met in a responsible and ethical manner.
The concept of animal welfare is based on the recognition that animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and emotions, and that they have intrinsic value beyond their usefulness to humans. It is guided by principles such as the "Five Freedoms," which include freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury or disease, freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress.
Animal welfare is an important consideration in various fields, including agriculture, research, conservation, entertainment, and companionship. It involves a multidisciplinary approach that draws on knowledge from biology, ethology, veterinary medicine, psychology, philosophy, and law. Ultimately, animal welfare aims to promote the humane treatment of animals and to ensure their well-being in all aspects of their lives.
Ethical analysis is a process of evaluating and assessing the moral implications and principles surrounding a particular medical situation, treatment, or research. It involves critical thinking and consideration of various ethical theories, principles, and guidelines to determine the right course of action. The steps in an ethical analysis typically include:
1. Identifying the ethical issue: This involves recognizing and defining the problem or dilemma that requires ethical consideration.
2. Gathering relevant information: This includes gathering all necessary medical and contextual information related to the situation, including the patient's values, preferences, and cultural background.
3. Identifying stakeholders: This involves identifying all those who are affected by or have a vested interest in the ethical issue.
4. Applying ethical principles: This involves applying ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to the situation to determine the right course of action.
5. Considering alternative courses of action: This involves exploring different options and their potential consequences for all stakeholders.
6. Making a decision: This involves weighing the various factors and coming to a conclusion about what is the right thing to do.
7. Reflecting on the decision: This involves reflecting on the decision-making process and considering whether the decision was fair, just, and respectful of all parties involved.
Ethical analysis is an essential tool for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to ensure that their actions are guided by moral principles and values.
An ethicist is a person who specializes in the study of ethics, which involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. In medical context, an ethicist is a person who applies ethical theories and principles to address complex issues in healthcare, medicine, and research involving clinical ethics, research ethics, and public health ethics. Medical ethicists may serve as consultants, educators, or researchers to help patients, families, healthcare professionals, and institutions analyze, clarify, and resolve ethical dilemmas related to medical care, treatment decisions, resource allocation, and policy development. They may hold various academic degrees in philosophy, theology, law, medicine, or other relevant fields, and have expertise in bioethics, moral theory, applied ethics, and clinical ethics consultation.
National Socialism, also known as Nazism, is not a medical term. It is a political ideology that originated in Germany in the early 20th century and was associated with the Nazi Party and its leader, Adolf Hitler. The ideology was characterized by extreme nationalism, racism, anti-Semitism, and totalitarianism.
While National Socialism is not a medical term, it has had significant impacts on the history of medicine, particularly during World War II when the Nazi regime implemented policies that led to the systematic persecution and murder of millions of people, including six million Jews in the Holocaust. The Nazi regime also conducted unethical medical experiments on prisoners in concentration camps, which have been widely condemned.
Therefore, while National Socialism is not a medical term, it is important for medical professionals to be aware of its historical context and the ways in which political ideologies can impact medical ethics and practice.
Electromyography (EMG) is a medical diagnostic procedure that measures the electrical activity of skeletal muscles during contraction and at rest. It involves inserting a thin needle electrode into the muscle to record the electrical signals generated by the muscle fibers. These signals are then displayed on an oscilloscope and may be heard through a speaker.
EMG can help diagnose various neuromuscular disorders, such as muscle weakness, numbness, or pain, and can distinguish between muscle and nerve disorders. It is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests, such as nerve conduction studies, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the nervous system.
EMG is typically performed by a neurologist or a physiatrist, and the procedure may cause some discomfort or pain, although this is usually minimal. The results of an EMG can help guide treatment decisions and monitor the progression of neuromuscular conditions over time.
Decapitation is the surgical separation or removal of the head from the body. It is also used to describe the traumatic separation of the head from the body, such as in a severe accident or a violent act. In a medical context, decapitation may be performed during an autopsy or as part of a surgical procedure for certain conditions like cancer or severe trauma.
Medical legislation refers to laws and regulations that govern the practice of medicine and related healthcare fields. These laws are established by federal, state, or local governments to ensure that medical professionals provide safe, ethical, and effective care to their patients. They cover a wide range of issues including:
1. Licensing and certification of healthcare providers
2. Standards of care and professional conduct
3. Patient rights and privacy (e.g., HIPAA)
4. Prescription medication use and abuse
5. Medical malpractice and liability
6. Healthcare facility accreditation and safety
7. Public health and prevention measures
8. Research involving human subjects
9. Reimbursement for medical services (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid)
10. Telemedicine and telehealth practices
Medical legislation aims to protect both patients and healthcare providers while maintaining a high standard of care and promoting the overall health of the population.
Non-voluntary euthanasia
Voluntary euthanasia
Child euthanasia
Euthanasia and the slippery slope
Euthanasia
Declaration on Euthanasia
Legality of euthanasia
Religious views on euthanasia
Groningen Protocol
Humanists UK
Glanville Williams
Union, Progress and Democracy
Michael Irwin
Euthanasia in Switzerland
David Goodall (botanist)
Charles John Bond
Applied philosophy
Bridget Gilling
My Death, My Decision
Fiona Stewart (author)
List of MeSH codes (E02)
Index of philosophy articles (R-Z)
Barbara Smoker
Assisted suicide
Religious philosophy
List of MeSH codes (N02)
Elizabeth Wilson (doctor)
Party of Humanists
Pieter Hintjens
Consequentialism
Non-voluntary euthanasia - Wikipedia
Active, Voluntary Euthanasia | Bestessaywriters.org
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Passive35
- 2]. Non-voluntary euthanasia can be divided into passive or active variants. (wikipedia.org)
- Passive euthanasia entails the withholding of common treatments, such as antibiotics, necessary for the continuance of life. (wikipedia.org)
- Passive non-voluntary euthanasia (withholding life support) is legal in various countries, such as India, Albania, and many parts of the United States and is practiced in English hospitals. (wikipedia.org)
- Otherwise, they will be confused and ineffective in their efforts to save lives.Before reviewing the types of euthanasia, we must define the mode, or status - namely, whether it is active or passive. (hli.org)
- Passive (negative, indirect) euthanasia is action withheld for the purpose of causing or hastening death. (hli.org)
- Another example of passive euthanasia is the withholding of food and water from a person in a so-called "persistent vegetative state," or from someone whose health is not improving rapidly enough in the opinions of the attending health care workers. (hli.org)
- The critical differences between active/passive and voluntary/non-voluntary/involuntary euthanasia and natural death must be defined precisely before any intelligent discussion on the various "shades" of euthanasia may proceed. (hli.org)
- Active or passive euthanasia can apply to any and all of the following types of euthanasia, which we will now review. (hli.org)
- Debates have been raised to focus on the appropriateness of euthanasia and pan physician-assisted suicide (PAS) for the individual, or whether the passive is the same as the active euthanasia. (bestwritingservice.com)
- There are several classifications of euthanasia with their distinctive definitions which include passive euthanasia, active euthanasia, PAS, and involuntary euthanasia. (bestwritingservice.com)
- Passive euthanasia is the hastening of death through the alteration of some form of life support, and letting the nature take its course through the methods of ceasing life supporting medical procedures and medications. (bestwritingservice.com)
- This option is called passive euthanasia since it brings on death through nonintervention. (referat.ru)
- In medieval times, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim philosophers opposed active euthanasia, although the Christian Church has always accepted passive euthanasia. (referat.ru)
- passive euthanasia (euthanasia by omission) is euthanasia by not providing necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water. (mccl.org)
- The second view is sometimes called the "broad construal of euthanasia" and includes within its definition of "euthanasia" both killing ( active euthanasia) and allowing to die ( passive euthanasia). (equip.org)
- The active/passive distinction amounts to this: Passive euthanasia (also called negative euthanasia) refers to the withholding or withdrawing of a life-sustaining treatment when certain justifiable conditions exist ( see below) and allowing the patient to die. (equip.org)
- This distinction combines with the active/passive distinction to form six different types of euthanasia: voluntary active, voluntary passive, nonvoluntary active, nonvoluntary passive, involuntary active, and involuntary passive. (equip.org)
- Euthanasia is defined as the intentional ending of a person's life , through direct action (called active euthanasia) or by omission (called passive euthanasia) usually motivated by a mercy for those in great pain or suffering from a terminal illness [1]. (studentsforlife.org)
- Additionally, in most countries - including the US - passive euthanasia is also legal, in the form of rejecting or withdrawing treatment. (myend.com)
- Most of the rest of Europe is legally allowing for passive euthanasia. (myend.com)
- In most countries, passive euthanasia is either not regulated or also illegal. (myend.com)
- South African regulations seem to allow for passive euthanasia. (myend.com)
- Although it has no official laws on euthanasia, there have been some precedents set in favor of both passive and active euthanasia. (myend.com)
- In addition to these, passive euthanasia is legal under certain circumstances in India and South Korea. (myend.com)
- There is also a small number of countries where passive euthanasia is not regulated. (myend.com)
- In the majority of countries, both active and passive euthanasia are illegal. (myend.com)
- However, for countries such as Kiribati or the States of Micronesia, the exact legal framework towards passive euthanasia is unclear. (myend.com)
- There have been many arguments that there is no moral distinction between active and passive euthanasia-between "mercy killing" and "letting die. (medicalopedia.org)
- In other words, active euthanasia is not legally or ethically permissible, but passive euthanasia is both permissible and ethical for medical professionals. (medicalopedia.org)
- Euthanasia (passive) is "good death. (medicalopedia.org)
- Explain the difference between active and passive euthanasia, and provide examples for each. (paperwriter.co)
- Which type of euthanasia was John Kevorkian convicted for murder-involuntary active, involuntary passive, voluntary active, or voluntary passive? (paperwriter.co)
- Passive Euthanasia - In passive euthanasia, a person for euthanasia left to die by removing the life-supporting machines such as Ventilators. (bnblegal.com)
- In India Active Euthanasia is still illegal above-mentioned Legislation is based on Passive Euthanasia. (sociallawstoday.com)
- Passive Euthanasia means the abolition of necessary medical treatment of a person who is a vegetative state with an intention to give him death which releases him from severe pain. (sociallawstoday.com)
Types of euthanasia5
- 6 Types of Euthanasia: Is It Ever Justified? (hli.org)
- There are various types of euthanasia as well as interchangeable terminology. (hli.org)
- Here, we will describe the different types of euthanasia and their morality. (hli.org)
- So, what are the types of euthanasia? (hli.org)
- Depending on your location you may have access to legal types of euthanasia. (myend.com)
Right to euthanasia3
- However, patients have no right to euthanasia, and physicians have no obligation to provide it. (nih.gov)
- A Right to Euthanasia? (thepublicdiscourse.com)
- Fortunately, in Washington vs. Glucksberg, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a First Amendment right to euthanasia. (jewishworldreview.com)
Ignored in the euthanasia debate1
- While this should be obvious, somehow this problem is frequently ignored in the euthanasia debate. (inplainsite.org)
Legalise voluntary euthanasia2
- Both before and after World War II a number of attempts were made to legalise voluntary euthanasia for adult patients suffering from fatal, incurable illness characterised by severe pain. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- When Holland passed a law in December 2000 that would allow it to legalise voluntary euthanasia, many greeted this as a welcome development. (spiked-online.com)
20025
- Permitted euthanasia in the Netherlands has been regulated by law since 2002. (wikipedia.org)
- Euthanasia has been legally performed in the Netherlands since 2002. (nih.gov)
- Since 2002, euthanasia and assisted suicide have been depenalised in the Netherlands, albeit with very strict requirements. (sib-groningen.nl)
- This includes Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - the first country to legalize active euthanasia in 2002. (myend.com)
- Since 1981 Netherland recognizes both Voluntary Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide but it was legally acknowledged in the year 2002 and patient need not be terminally-ill. (sociallawstoday.com)
Forms of euthanasia2
- This argument basically states that all forms of Euthanasia should be accepted. (markedbyteachers.com)
- As physician assisted dying has obtained greater legal support, some liberal Protestant denominations have offered religious arguments and support for limited forms of euthanasia. (slife.org)
Favor of euthanasia3
- The main argument in favor of euthanasia in Holland has always been the need for more patient autonomy - that patients have the right to make their own end-of-life decisions. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- Autonomy is the overriding principle that is used to buttress arguments in favor of euthanasia. (web.app)
- Muslims are not in favor of Euthanasia. (bnblegal.com)
Declaration on Euthanasia2
- The Vatican's Declaration on Euthanasia states, "By euthanasia is understood an action or an omission which of itself or by intention causes death, in order that all suffering may in this way be eliminated" [¶II]. (hli.org)
- The Declaration on Euthanasia is the Church's official document on the topic of euthanasia, a statement that was issued by the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in 1980. (slife.org)
Arguments for and against legalizing1
- In order to do so, the essay will need to explore the arguments for and against legalizing euthanasia, specifically active euthanasia and subsequently provide a stand on whether or not it should be an accepted practice. (ipl.org)
Strongly opposed euthanasia2
Supporters of euthanasia2
- The supporters of euthanasia (23.4%) stated reasons such as preventing the suffering of patients and respecting their autonomy and dignity. (who.int)
- On the other hand both he and his friend were active supporters of euthanasia and were campaigners for a change in the law - Irwin is a former chairman of the Voluntary Euthanasia Society - and both men knew and had publicly expressed their feelings about it. (minettemarrin.com)
Intentional5
- Euthanasia is the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. (mccl.org)
- Euthanasia and assisted suicide are unethical because they are the intentional killing of an innocent human being. (mccl.org)
- Active euthanasia (also called mercy killing or positive euthanasia) refers to the intentional and/or direct killing of an innocent human life either by that person (suicide) or by another (assisted suicide). (equip.org)
- For the sake of clarity in this fact sheet, the direct and intentional termination of a patient's life, performed without the patient's consent, will be termed "involuntary euthanasia. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- But they remain opposed to active and intentional killing. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
Type of euthanasia2
- However, physician-assisted suicide is a very specific type of euthanasia, and it must be understood as such. (hli.org)
- Examples of this type of euthanasia are the many infanticides committed each year in the United States by withholding food and water from handicapped newborn babies who would otherwise have lived. (hli.org)
Topic of euthanasia2
- Although, worldwide, the popular media and medical literature have been actively debating the topic of euthanasia, this is not the case in Sudan. (who.int)
- 26 medical schools in Sudan, the Khartoum debating the topic of euthanasia, this is not school is the largest and oldest (established the case in Sudan. (who.int)
Issue of euthanasia3
- The Applied Ethical Issue Of Euthanasia Essay, Research Paper The applied ethical issue of euthanasia, or mercy killing, concerns whether it is morally permissible for a third party, such as a physician, to end the life of a terminally ill patient who is in intense pain. (referat.ru)
- Seven years after the Cruzan case, the Supreme Court had occasion to rule again on the issue of euthanasia. (inplainsite.org)
- There are many views among Buddhists on the issue of euthanasia , but many are critical of the procedure. (slife.org)
Approach to euthanasia2
- We already briefly discussed euthanasia in the USA, but here is a detailed list of American states and districts where physician-assisted suicide is legal: States of California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Vermont and Washington and also in Washington D.C. Finally, the State of Montana has a legally ambiguous approach to euthanasia. (myend.com)
- Protestant denominations vary widely on their approach to euthanasia and physician assisted death. (slife.org)
Toward euthanasia1
- The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of the final year medical students of a Sudanese university toward euthanasia, and to determine factors that influence these attitudes in order to initiate a regional and national debate on this highly controversial issue. (who.int)
Patient's death2
- practice is called active euthanasia since the health care worker's action is the direct cause of the patient's death. (referat.ru)
- Some physicians use this distinction between "euthanasia" and "life-terminating treatment" to avoid having a patient's death classified as "euthanasia," thus freeing doctors from following the established euthanasia guidelines and reporting the death to local authorities. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
Legalization5
- Non-voluntary euthanasia is cited as one of the possible outcomes of the slippery slope argument against euthanasia, in which it is claimed that permitting voluntary euthanasia to occur will lead to the support and legalization of non-voluntary and involuntary euthanasia, although other ethicists have contested this idea. (wikipedia.org)
- Active, voluntary euthanasia should be decriminalized since the legalization of physician-assisted deaths is a step towards the minimization of suicide and intended murder in society. (bestessaywriters.org)
- The ethical question is the legalization of these practices of euthanasia and PAS in the promotion or thwarting the good death to those suffering from terminal illness (Emanuel). (bestwritingservice.com)
- The acknowledging of the benefits and harms of permitted practices will become clear in analysing the type of judgment that is ethical regarding the decision to balance legalization of euthanasia and PAS or not. (bestwritingservice.com)
- With the realization of euthanasia and PAS, there are some proponents which have been identified to the benefits of legalization that include the realization of the individual's autonomy, the reduction of the needless pain and suffering of the patient, and the provision of psychological reassurance by the patients about to die. (bestwritingservice.com)
Mercy9
- Euthanasia is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "mercy killing. (hli.org)
- Mercy Killing is an act of direct euthanasia usually committed for the alleged purpose of ending the suffering of an unproductive or terminally ill person. (hli.org)
- Assisted suicide, mercy-killing, and euthanasia are used interchangeably, though they vary greatly in definition. (hli.org)
- First, voluntary euthanasia refers to mercy killing that takes place with the explicit and voluntary consent of the patient, either verbally or in a written document such as a living will. (referat.ru)
- Second, nonvoluntary euthanasia refers to the mercy killing of a patient who is unconscious, comatose, or otherwise unable to explicitly make his intentions known. (referat.ru)
- As involuntary mercy-killing is so obviously repugnant to most people, the most controversial form of euthanasia is non-voluntary -that is, when the individual is not able to give or deny consent. (studentsforlife.org)
- Euthanasia also known as mercy killing is a way of painlessly terminating ones life with the humane. (web.app)
- Websters definition of euthanasia is, the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals such as persons or domestic animals in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy. (web.app)
- To define Euthanasia in law terms, it means death at will or mercy killing. (bnblegal.com)
Legalisation5
- In this context, two distinctions, between killing and allowing to die and between foreseeing and intending that measures to relieve pain and suffering may lead to death sooner rather than later, are important moral considerations for many doctors opposed to the legalisation of euthanasia or physician assisted dying. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- Those involved with the hospice movement - in general, fierce opponents of legalisation of euthanasia - point out that no study to date in any country has shown that pain plays a major role in requests for assisted suicide. (spiked-online.com)
- A far more disturbing feature of the euthanasia discussion today is that, according to surveys carried out in the USA, those most strongly in favour of legalisation of assisted suicide are males aged between 18 and 44. (spiked-online.com)
- Anybody wishing to see the case for legalisation forcefully put needs only to type 'voluntary euthanasia' as a search term on the internet. (spiked-online.com)
- The moral case for the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia. (colorado.edu)
Controversial9
- Active euthanasia entails the use of lethal substances or forces, such as administering a lethal injection, to kill and is the most controversial means. (wikipedia.org)
- Even though most families treat their animals as part of their family members, animal euthanasia is still a controversial issue nowadays. (ipl.org)
- This implies that animal euthanasia is a controversial issue nowadays. (ipl.org)
- The debate around whether or not euthanasia or assisted suicide should be depenalised or even legalised is still a very controversial one. (sib-groningen.nl)
- The problem with this type of thinking is that it doesn't consider all the various and controversial parts of Euthanasia. (markedbyteachers.com)
- Active euthanasia is the most controversial of the four options and is currently illegal in the United States. (referat.ru)
- voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia, however, are far more controversial. (mccl.org)
- Controversial decisions in UK courts, and UK citizens travelling abroad for euthanasia for terminal and non-terminal illness, have had confusing and sometimes contradictory influences on public opinion. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- The subject of euthanasia has been highly controversial in society for hundreds of years. (medicalopedia.org)
Towards euthanasia2
- ABSTRACT To investigate the attitudes of final-year medical students at Khartoum University towards euthanasia an anonymous questionnaire was answered by 141 students. (who.int)
- Additionally, there are interesting approaches towards euthanasia in the other countries of North and South America. (myend.com)
Request euthanasia2
- To explore the decision-making process in cases where patients request euthanasia and understand the different themes relevant to optimise this decision-making process. (nih.gov)
- This action requires the patient to request euthanasia to be administered due to the pain and suffering from his illness. (bestwritingservice.com)
Patients with terminal illnesses2
- In Holland, where it has been decriminalised since 1986, only two or three percent of all patients with terminal illnesses choose voluntary euthanasia. (spiked-online.com)
- Euthanasia usually takes place in patients with terminal illnesses, that ask to be euthanized. (cram.com)
Terminal illnesses1
- James torr defines euthanasia as the process of putting an individual to death so as to relieve him or her from terminal illnesses 8. (web.app)
Practice7
- Since 2004, the Netherlands, also has a protocol to be followed in cases of euthanasia on children under the age of 12 (see also below), which was ratified by the Dutch National Association of Pediatricians, although the practice remains technically illegal. (wikipedia.org)
- Despite the increasing importance of ethical reasoning and decision-making in clinical practice [4-8], teaching about end-of-life decisions such as palliative care and euthanasia is almost absent in Sudanese medical schools. (who.int)
- Yet, over the past 20 years, Dutch euthanasia practice has ultimately given doctors, not patients , more and more power. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- The Remmelink Report - On September 10, 1991, the results of the first, official government study of the practice of Dutch euthanasia were released. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- Myend doesn't offer legal advice regarding euthanasia and the above is just a general overview of the practice. (myend.com)
- Basically, Euthanasia is a practice in which life can be put to an end intentionally to relieve the person from suffering and pain. (bnblegal.com)
- As defined by Susan M. Wolf, "euthanasia is the practice of intentionally and directly ending the life of a person who has a severe and incurable disease or medical condition" (Wolf). (cram.com)
America2
- Williams' proposal initiated extensive debates about the ethics of euthanasia in America and Britain [2]. (who.int)
- A few years later the Euthanasia Society of America was formed with essentially the same goals. (inplainsite.org)
Patient18
- citation needed] It contrasts with involuntary euthanasia, when euthanasia is performed against the will of the patient. (wikipedia.org)
- The different possible situations considered non-voluntary euthanasia are when the decision to end the life of the patient is 1) based on what the incapacitated individual would have wanted if they could be asked, 2) based on what the decision maker would want if he or she were in the patient's place, and 3) made by a doctor based on their own criteria and reasoning. (wikipedia.org)
- In a 1994 study, of the studied 5000 requests in the Netherlands, in about 1000 of the cases, doctors prescribed drugs with the explicit goal of shortening the patient's life without the explicit request of the patient, which can be considered cases of non-voluntary euthanasia. (wikipedia.org)
- Euthanasia is the deliberate ending of life of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease. (who.int)
- The debate about euthanasia continues, and in some areas in the world euthanasia is not a punishable act if performed according to the voluntary request of a suffering patient [3]. (who.int)
- The active euthanasia is the causation of death through the direct action, which is in response to the desire and request form the particular patient. (bestwritingservice.com)
- The physician assisted suicide (PAS) is a process by which the physical voluntary supplies information and the means of committing suicide to a patient so that his/her life can be terminated easily (Goel). (bestwritingservice.com)
- Euthanasia can be voluntary, involuntary (against the expressed wishes of the patient), or non-voluntary (when the person who is killed makes no request and gives no consent, such as in cases when the patient is incompetent and unable to express his or her wishes). (mccl.org)
- The difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide is which person performs the final act that kills the patient. (mccl.org)
- Dutch law requires, before active euthanasia (or assisted suicide) can be performed, that a patient make a "voluntary and carefully considered" request for death, and that the patient be experiencing "unbearable suffering with no prospect of improvement. (mccl.org)
- Thus, if a physician injects a patient with a drug with the intent to kill the patient, that would be an act of euthanasia, but if the physician allows the patient to die by withholding some excessively burdensome treatment, that does not count as an example of euthanasia. (equip.org)
- Voluntary euthanasia occurs whenever a competent, informed patient autonomously requests it. (equip.org)
- The patient must have been given alternatives to euthanasia and time to consider these alternatives. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- This definition applies only to voluntary euthanasia and excludes what the rest of the world refers to as non-voluntary or involuntary euthanasia, the killing of a patient without the patient's knowledge or consent. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- Incorporating the philosophical idea of "double effect," the inviolability of life draws a bright line between, on the one hand, intentionally administering a lethal drug to end the life of a patient (euthanasia) and, on the other, intentionally administering a drug such as morphine to alleviate pain, merely foreseeing that, as a side effect, life will be shortened. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
- Students should research their state's law and then describe the following topics: Living Will, DNR, Power of Attorney, Spouse/Partner Rights, Euthanasia, Patient Self-Determination. (writemypapertoday.com)
- This is a bad thing to do, and those involved in the euthanasia will take on the remaining karma of the patient Death is a natural process, and will come in time. (slife.org)
- In this, some injections or tablets are given to the severely ill patient to give him death which is not voluntary. (sociallawstoday.com)
Death30
- Euthanasia is an act putting the animal's death painlessly and do not show any signs of distress. (ipl.org)
- In contrast, a recent judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court justifies assisted suicide-but not euthanasia-on the basis of autonomy and declares that assisted suicide is an expression of the right to a self-determined death. (bmj.com)
- The term "euthanasia" means any action committed or omitted for the purpose of causing or hastening the death of a human being after birth. (hli.org)
- Active (positive, direct) euthanasia is action taken for the purpose of causing or hastening death. (hli.org)
- On October 27, 1997 Oregon enacted the Death with Dignity Act which allows terminally-ill Oregonians to end their lives through the voluntary self-administration of lethal medications, expressly prescribed by a physician for that purpose. (123helpme.com)
- Euthanasia comes from the Greek word meaning easy death. (markedbyteachers.com)
- Euthanasia is a classical Greek term meaning 'easy, happy death' (Wilson, 9). (markedbyteachers.com)
- The debate has also been furthered on whether to use morphine for the relieving the pain which has the respiratory depression risks and whether the premature death is the same as euthanasia. (bestwritingservice.com)
- This paper will focus on the administration of euthanasia and PAS that help to have a good death. (bestwritingservice.com)
- Therefore, it is argued that euthanasia or PAS should be prudently legalized as this would minimize agony death resulting in peaceful and dignified deaths (J). (bestwritingservice.com)
- Exit Action believes that a peaceful death, and access to the best euthanasia drugs, is a right of all competent adults, regardless of sickness or permission from the medical profession. (bioedge.org)
- The death request must be voluntary. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- Euthanasia and physician-assisted death present a major ethical and legal challenge. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- Euthanasia, previously implying a peaceful death, is now associated with doctor-assisted death. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- Hippocratic tradition, adopted by Jewish, Christian and Islamic doctors forbids euthanasia, but accepts that treatment applied to relieve suffering and not to kill may hasten death. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- Euthanasia or physician-assisted death is illegal in the UK, but available in Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the state of Oregon in the US. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- Not all British doctors are opposed to euthanasia or physician-assisted death, but many doctors, and their professional bodies, do not favour a change in the law. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- The word 'euthanasia', hitherto meaning a calm and peaceful death, was first used to advocate physician-assisted suicide in the late 19th century, when developments in pain relief meant not only that suffering could be managed much more effectively, but also that death could be accelerated by administering sufficiently large doses of chloroform. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- In 1935 the Euthanasia Society of England was formed to promote the notion of a painless death for patients with incurable diseases. (inplainsite.org)
- His book Prescription Medicide: The Goodness of Planned Death promotes his views of euthanasia and describes his patented suicide machine which he calls 'the Mercitron. (inplainsite.org)
- Arguments for euthanasia death at the hands of humans. (web.app)
- From a utilitarian viewpoint, justifying euthanasia is a question of showing that allowing people to have a good death, at a time of their own choosing, will. (web.app)
- The word euthanasia is greek in origin and means good death. (web.app)
- Christians who believe that, as a demonstration of love and compassion, those with a terminal or hopeless illness should have the option of a pain-free, peaceful and dignified death with legal voluntary assisted dying or legal voluntary euthanasia. (christiansforvad.org.au)
- So, Euthanasia literally means good death. (bnblegal.com)
- Active Euthanasia - In active euthanasia, a person directly and knowingly cause the death of the person for euthanasia. (bnblegal.com)
- Voluntary Euthanasia - In Voluntary euthanasia, the person seeking euthanasia request for death. (bnblegal.com)
- The teaching of the Catholic Church on euthanasia rests on several core principles of Catholic ethics, including the sanctity of human life, the dignity of the human person, concomitant human rights, due proportionality in casuistic remedies, the inevitability of death, and the importance of charity. (slife.org)
- Jainism recommends voluntary death or sallekhana for both ascetics and srāvaka (householders) at the end of their life. (slife.org)
- Firstly, let us discuss the emergence of euthanasia the word "Euthanasia" derived from Greek which resembles "Eu" as "good" and "Thanatos" as "death" means good death. (sociallawstoday.com)
Competent4
- Some states have legalized active, voluntary euthanasia due to a rise in the need for the service amongst the mentally competent adults. (bestessaywriters.org)
- In exploring these questions, she considers the possible effects of legalizing voluntary, active, physician-performed euthanasia & physician-assisted suicide, in cases where help is requested by competent, terminally ill patients with less than 6 months to live. (suicideinfo.ca)
- Right-to-die advocates often point to Holland as the model for how well physician-assisted, voluntary euthanasia for terminally-ill, competent patients can work without abuse. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- Other secular views argue that as modern medicine may prolong dying, euthanasia should be available to competent terminally ill patients. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
Palliative1
- The imperative was not to legalise euthanasia, but to make more widely available in hospital wards and patients' homes the standards of palliative care pioneered in hospices. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
Distinction1
- As a nurse, I find this distinction quite helpful as I am frequently asked to educate patients and their caregivers about legality and euthanasia. (medicalopedia.org)
Debate13
- Furthermore, the court rulings on the cases concerning physician-assisted deaths render the idea of voluntary euthanasia subject to debate. (bestessaywriters.org)
- The author investigates the issue of abuse in the debate over volunatry active euthanasia. (suicideinfo.ca)
- Euthanasia has constantly been a heated debate amongst commentators, such as the likes of legal academics, medical practitioners and legislators for many years. (ipl.org)
- Historically, scientific and legal debate about the ethics of euthanasia dates back to at least ancient Greece and Rome [1,2]. (who.int)
- The debate around themes such as euthanasia is very active (Mercadante et al. (researchgate.net)
- Debate over euthanasia is not a modern phenomenon. (inplainsite.org)
- In the last few years debate about euthanasia has been advanced by two individuals: Derek Humphry and Dr. Jack Kevorkian. (inplainsite.org)
- Instead, the justices rejected the concept of finding a constitutional 'right to die' and chose not to interrupt the political debate (as Roe v. Wade did), and instead urged that the debate on euthanasia continue 'as it should in a democratic society. (inplainsite.org)
- One of the facts lost in this often-heated debate is that there is very little demand for voluntary euthanasia. (spiked-online.com)
- With well over 200 footnotes, it is a comprehensive and welldocumented examination of all the issues involved in the euthanasia debate. (web.app)
- However, the debate on PSA and active euthanasia is raging in the country for decades. (myend.com)
- Finally, if you would like to read more on euthanasia, we highly recommend our articles on the basics of euthanasia , its eligibility criteria , as well as the euthanasia debate . (myend.com)
- Euthanasia: Perspectives on the Issue The debate over euthanasia and physician assisted suicide is a multifaceted issue that surges throughout political, religious, and social circles. (studymode.com)
Terminally6
- The word 'euthanasia' is a board term in veterinary area which applies to healthy animals and terminally ill animals. (ipl.org)
- During the 1960s, the emergence of the hospice movement provided greatly improved pain relief and care for terminally ill patients, and this, it was argued by many doctors, rendered calls for legalised euthanasia redundant. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- This was the figure suggested by Dr Hazel Biggs, director of medical law at the University of Kent and an authority on euthanasia, when in September last year she gave evidence to a select committee examining Lord Joffe's private member's bill on assisted dying for the terminally ill. (minettemarrin.com)
- Euthanasia is administering a lethal dosage of a certain medication, or ending all life support means, and letting a person who is terminally ill pass away at. (web.app)
- Regression analysis has shown the respondents' educational level (p = 0.005) and experience in the care of terminally ill persons (p = 0.001) to be factors that are positively associated with the rejection of neonatal euthanasia, whereas a higher age was associated with a lower degree of rejection (p = 0.021). (biomedcentral.com)
- The bill on euthanasia titled as "Treatment of Terminally Ill Patients Bill, 2016" and it is yet to be declared as law. (bnblegal.com)
Moral4
- Like the moral issues surrounding suicide, the problem of euthanasia has a long history of philosophical discussion. (referat.ru)
- Euthanasia is a moral question not amenable to an uncontroversial legal solution. (behindthemedicalheadlines.com)
- There are many religious views on euthanasia , although many moral theologians are critical of the procedure. (slife.org)
- By helping to end a painful life a person is performing a good deed and so fulfilling their moral obligations.Euthanasia may also be acceptable if it is used for selfless motives. (slife.org)
Deaths3
- Thousands of euthanasia deaths occur in the Netherlands and Belgium each year. (mccl.org)
- The Cancer Institute physician then stated that these deaths were not considered "euthanasia" because they were not voluntary , and that to have discussed the plan to end these patients' lives with the patients would have been "rude" since they all knew they had incurable conditions. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- In this country, about 3% of deaths occurred due to voluntary euthanasia and these are reported. (sociallawstoday.com)
Deliberate1
- Euthanasia is the deliberate ending of life future behaviour towards patients and peers. (who.int)
Entails1
- A patient's request for euthanasia entails a complex process that demands emotional work by all participants. (nih.gov)
Physicians4
- Active non-voluntary euthanasia is illegal in all countries in the world, although it is practised in the Netherlands on infants (see below) under an agreement between physicians and district attorneys. (wikipedia.org)
- We hypothesise that making decisions about euthanasia demands a proactive approach towards participants' preferences and values regarding end of life, towards the needs of relatives, towards the burden placed on physicians and a careful attention to shared decision-making. (nih.gov)
- Hence, the task of this essay is to discuss the different faces minted on both sides of the coin - should physicians and/or loved ones have the right to participate in active euthanasia? (ipl.org)
- Physicians are told to be sure the patient's decision is voluntary and well-considered. (jewishworldreview.com)
Nonvoluntary1
- Nonvoluntary euthanasia occurs whenever a person is incapable of forming a judgment or expressing a wish in the matter (e.g., a defective newborn or a comatose adult). (equip.org)
Derek Humphry3
- Derek Humphry has used his prominence as head of the Hemlock Society to promote euthanasia in this country. (inplainsite.org)
- In his 1998 book, "Freedom to Die," Hemlock Society founder Derek Humphry muses, "Is there in fact a duty to die -- a responsibility within the family unit -- that should remain voluntary but expected nonetheless. (jewishworldreview.com)
- Derek Humphry: Journalist, Author and Euthanasia Campaigner. (studymode.com)
20211
- Spain has also legalized active euthanasia in June of 2021. (myend.com)
Life9
- Euthanasia is commonly defined as the active termination of life at a patient's voluntary and well-informed request. (sib-groningen.nl)
- Finally, the health care worker can take active measures to end the patient's life, such as by directly administering a lethal dose of a drug. (referat.ru)
- The termination of life support is not the same as euthanasia or assisted suicide. (mccl.org)
- A 62-year-old South Australian man chose euthanasia because he found navigating the bureaucracy for end-of-life care too complicated and stressful. (bioedge.org)
- The two volume report (6)-popularly referred to as the Remmelink Report (after Professor J. Remmelink, M.J., attorney general of the High Council of the Netherlands, who headed the study committee)-documents the prevalence of involuntary euthanasia in Holland, as well as the fact that, to a large degree, doctors have taken over end-of-life decision making regarding euthanasia. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- Many arguments opposing euthanasia are based on the premise that the patients life should be preserved because of the possibility of their recovery. (web.app)
- A euthanasia statement is also part of Myend's end-of-life planning services. (myend.com)
- This legislation, however, requires specific conditions to be fulfilled before a patient's life can be ended: the request for euthanasia must be voluntary and carefully considered, the suffering must be unbearable, there must not be any other reasonable alternatives, an independent physician must have been consulted, and the request must be properly reported. (biomedcentral.com)
- Involuntary Euthanasia - In Involuntary Euthanasia, the person for euthanasia choose life. (bnblegal.com)
Slippery1
- The slippery slope toward willful euthanasia is a genuine and dismal concern. (cram.com)
Willful1
- Rationale, law, and history invalidate the contention that permitting helped suicide won 't prompt automatic willful euthanasia. (cram.com)
Rests1
- And, as we shall see in our consideration of the next flaw, the case even for voluntary euthanasia rests heavily on the judgment that there are certain lives that are not "worth living," that certain people would be "better off dead. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
Widely1
- Euthanasia is widely regarded with horror. (minettemarrin.com)
Christians3
- Rev. Bensch, together with fellow Christian Ian Wood, decided to establish a group to allow Christians to voice their support, and Christians Supporting Choice for Voluntary Euthanasia was born in February 2009. (christiansforvad.org.au)
- To reflect terminology currently used, our group is now known as Christians Supporting Choice for Voluntary Assisted Dying . (christiansforvad.org.au)
- The group's principal activity is sending letters to Members of State Parliaments when a Bill relating to Voluntary Euthanasia or Assisted Dying is being debated and generally making it known that many Christians support choice for voluntary assisted dying and voluntary euthanasia, holding it to be consistent with Jesus' message of love and compassion. (christiansforvad.org.au)
Unethical2
- The majority, 108 (76.6%) opposed euthanasia and their reasons included religious beliefs, belief that euthanasia was unethical and fear of misuse. (who.int)
- The majority, 108 (76.6%) opposed euthanasia and their reasons included re- ligious beliefs, belief that euthanasia was unethical and fear of misuse. (who.int)
Respondents2
- The aim of this study was to present the general attitude towards neonatal euthanasia (NE) among the Austrian population and the factors associated with the respondents' opinion. (biomedcentral.com)
- Binary logistic regression was performed in order to determine factors that are independently associated with the respondents' opinion about neonatal euthanasia. (biomedcentral.com)
Activists4
- Pro-euthanasia activists often speak approvingly of rational suicide , which means that a person has carefully contemplated his actions, as opposed to a person who acts impulsively, under duress, or under severe psychological or emotional stress. (hli.org)
- Pro-euthanasia activists sometimes refer to this as physician aid-in-dying or self-delivery . (hli.org)
- Anti-euthanasia activists must be intimately familiar with the terms relating to euthanasia. (hli.org)
- While liberal Protestant denominations have largely eschewed euthanasia, many individual advocates (such as Joseph Fletcher) and euthanasia society activists have been Protestant clergy and laity. (slife.org)
Essay Example1
- Argumentative essay against euthanasia essay example. (web.app)
Dutch4
- Before, Dr Jonquière was the Executive Director of the Dutch Right to Die Society (NVVE - Nederlandse Vereiniging voor een Vrijwillig Levenseinde), and worked as a chair of the education and registration commission at the organisation for Support and Consultation on Euthanasia in the Netherlands. (sib-groningen.nl)
- For information and events, including the current law regarding Dutch euthanasia and assisted suicide since 1994, see Holland . (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- Dutch Penal Code Articles 293 and 294 make both euthanasia and assisted suicide illegal, even today. (patientsrightscouncil.org)
- The Dutch euthanasia law has formalized impressive-sounding safeguards, which were in effect for 20 years. (jewishworldreview.com)
Greek2
- Euthanasia has been in society since ancient Greek times, if not before then. (markedbyteachers.com)
- On the whole, ancient Greek thinkers seem to have favored euthanasia, even though they opposed suicide. (referat.ru)
Defines1
- Euthanasia is often linked up with 306 of IPC which defines Abetment to Suicide. (bnblegal.com)
Punishable2
- It states that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are not punishable if the attending physician acts in accordance with criteria of due care. (wikipedia.org)
- The study was done among the final-year is not a punishable act if performed accord- students of the Faculty of Medicine, Uni- ing to the voluntary request of a suffering versity of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. (who.int)
Autonomously1
- An autonomy-based approach to assisted suicide regards the provision of assisted suicide (but not euthanasia) as justified when it is autonomously requested by a person, irrespective of whether this is in her best interests. (bmj.com)
