Ethics consultation. Medical search

Services provided by an individual ethicist (ETHICISTS) or an ethics team or committee (ETHICS COMMITTEES, CLINICAL) to address the ethical issues involved in a specific clinical case. The central purpose is to improve the process and outcomes of patients' care by helping to identify, analyze, and resolve ethical problems.

Persons trained in philosophical or theological ethics who work in clinical, research, public policy, or other settings where they bring their expertise to bear on the analysis of ethical dilemmas in policies or cases. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

The identification, analysis, and resolution of moral problems that arise in the care of patients. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

Committees established by professional societies, health facilities, or other institutions to consider decisions that have bioethical implications. The role of these committees may include consultation, education, mediation, and/or review of policies and practices. Committees that consider the ethical dimensions of patient care are ETHICS COMMITTEES, CLINICAL; committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects are ETHICS COMMITTEES, RESEARCH.

Hospital or other institutional ethics committees established to consider the ethical dimensions of patient care. Distinguish from ETHICS COMMITTEES, RESEARCH, which are established to monitor the welfare of patients or healthy volunteers participating in research studies.

The principles of professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the physician in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families.

The moral obligations governing the conduct of research. Used for discussions of research ethics as a general topic.

The absence of a useful purpose or useful result in a diagnostic procedure or therapeutic intervention. The situation of a patient whose condition will not be improved by treatment or instances in which treatment preserves permanent unconsciousness or cannot end dependence on intensive medical care. (From Ann Intern Med 1990 Jun 15;112(12):949)

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

Withholding or withdrawal of a particular treatment or treatments, often (but not necessarily) life-prolonging treatment, from a patient or from a research subject as part of a research protocol. The concept is differentiated from REFUSAL TO TREAT, where the emphasis is on the health professional's or health facility's refusal to treat a patient or group of patients when the patient or the patient's representative requests treatment. Withholding of life-prolonging treatment is usually indexed only with EUTHANASIA, PASSIVE, unless the distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment, or the issue of withholding palliative rather than curative treatment, is discussed.

Programs in which participation is required.

Systematic statements of principles or rules of appropriate professional conduct, usually established by professional societies.

The philosophy or code pertaining to what is ideal in human character and conduct. Also, the field of study dealing with the principles of morality.

The internal individual struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, or external and internal demands. In group interactions, competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interests, or persons). (from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)

Individuals referred to for expert or professional advice or services.

The principles of proper professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of nurses themselves, their patients, and their fellow practitioners, as well as their actions in the care of patients and in relations with their families.

A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organ systems of adults.

Hospital or other institutional committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects. Federal regulations (the "Common Rule" (45 CFR 46)) mandate the use of these committees to monitor federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.

The principles of proper conduct concerning the rights and duties of the professional, relations with patients or consumers and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the professional and interpersonal relations with patient or consumer families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality.

The moral and ethical obligations or responsibilities of institutions.

A course or method of action selected, usually by an organization, institution, university, society, etc., from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions and positions on matters of public interest or social concern. It does not include internal policy relating to organization and administration within the corporate body, for which ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION is available.

An approach to ethics that focuses on theories of the importance of general principles such as respect for autonomy, beneficence/nonmaleficence, and justice.

Medical and nursing care of patients in the terminal stage of an illness.

Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility.

A philosophically coherent set of propositions (for example, utilitarianism) which attempts to provide general norms for the guidance and evaluation of moral conduct. (from Beauchamp and Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 4th ed)

Individuals licensed to practice medicine.

Consultation via remote telecommunications, generally for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment of a patient at a site remote from the patient or primary physician.

Clusters of topics that fall within the domain of BIOETHICS, the field of study concerned with value questions that arise in biomedicine and health care delivery.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

The principles of proper professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the dentist, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the dentist in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The use of systematic methods of ethical examination, such as CASUISTRY or ETHICAL THEORY, in reasoning about moral problems.

Ethics consultation on demand: concepts, practical experiences and a case study. (1/42)

Despite the increasing interest in clinical ethics, ethics consultation as a professional service is still rare in Europe. In this paper I refer to examples in the United States. In Germany, university hospitals and medical faculties are still hesitant about establishing yet another "committee". One of the reasons for this hesitation lies in the ignorance that exists here about how to provide medical ethics services; another reason is that medical ethics itself is not yet institutionalised at many German universities. The most important obstacle, however, may be that medical ethics has not yet demonstrated its relevance to the needs of those caring for patients. The Centre for Ethics and Law, Freiburg, has therefore taken a different approach from that offered elsewhere: clinical ethics consultation is offered on demand, the consultation being available to clinician(s) in different forms. This paper describes our experiences with this approach; practical issues are illustrated by a case study. (+info)

Clinical ethics support services in the UK: an investigation of the current provision of ethics support to health professionals in the UK. (2/42)

OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe the current state of clinical ethics support services in the UK. DESIGN: A series of questionnaire surveys of key individuals in National Health Service (NHS) trusts, health authorities, health boards, local research ethics committees and health professional organisations. Interviews with chairmen/women of clinical ethics committees identified in the surveys. SETTING: The UK National Health Service. RESULTS: Responses to the questionnaires were received from all but one NHS trust and all but one health authority/board. A variety of models of clinical ethics support were identified including twenty formal clinical ethics committees (CECs). A further twenty NHS trusts expressed an intention to establish a CEC within the next twelve months. Most CECs in the UK have been in existence less than five years and are still defining their role. The chairmen identified education of committee members and contact with other ethics committees as important requirements for committee development. Problems were identified around lack of support for the committee and with raising the profile of the committee within the institution. There has been little evaluation of clinical ethics support services either in the UK or in other countries with longer established services. What evaluation has occurred has focused on process rather than outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical ethics support services are developing in the UK. A number of issues have been identified that need to be addressed if such support services are to develop effectively. (+info)

The Freiburg approach to ethics consultation: process, outcome and competencies. (3/42)

The paper describes how ethics consultation can be valuable to health professionals, patients and their families in understanding and evaluating ethical values and their consequences in a particular situation. Ethics consultation as it is practised at the university hospital of Freiburg is a special professional service offered by members of an academic institution. The practical approach and the goals are illustrated by a case study showing the difficulties of deciding about the limitation of intensive care medicine after heart surgery in the setting of maximum treatment. Here, the ethics consultation was initiated by the relatives of the patient who wanted a decision to withhold further life-sustaining treatment. Following the experiences in Freiburg, it is concluded that clinical ethicists have to cover a variety of relevant fields of knowledge, need special analytical skills, and should have professional competence in counselling, including conflict mediation or crisis intervention. (+info)

What triggers requests for ethics consultations? (4/42)

OBJECTIVES: While clinical practice is complicated by many ethical dilemmas, clinicians do not often request ethics consultations. We therefore investigated what triggers clinicians' requests for ethics consultation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone survey. SETTING: Internal medicine practices throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected physicians practising in internal medicine, oncology and critical care. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Socio-demographic characteristics, training in medicine and ethics, and practice characteristics; types of ethical problems that prompt requests for consultation, and factors triggering consultation requests. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety of 344 responding physicians (55%) reported requesting ethics consultations. Physicians most commonly reported requesting ethics consultations for ethical dilemmas related to end-of-life decision making, patient autonomy issues, and conflict. The most common triggers that led to consultation requests were: 1) wanting help resolving a conflict; 2) wanting assistance interacting with a difficult family, patient, or surrogate; 3) wanting help making a decision or planning care, and 4) emotional triggers. Physicians who were ethnically in the minority, practised in communities under 500,000 population, or who were trained in the US were more likely to request consultations prompted by conflict. CONCLUSIONS: Conflicts and other emotionally charged concerns triggers consultation requests more commonly than other cognitively based concerns. Ethicists need to be prepared to mediate conflicts and handle sometimes difficult emotional situations when consulting. The data suggest that ethics consultants might serve clinicians well by consulting on a more proactive basis to avoid conflicts and by educating clinicians to develop mediation skills. (+info)

Electronic communication in ethics committees: experience and challenges. (5/42)

Experience with electronic communication in ethics committees at two hospitals is reviewed and discussed. A listserver of ethics committee members transmitted a synopsis of the ethics consultation shortly after the consultation was initiated. Committee comments were sometimes incorporated into the recommendations. This input proved to be most useful in unusual cases where additional, diverse inputs were informative. Efforts to ensure confidentiality are vital to this approach. They include not naming the patient in the e-mail, requiring a password for access to the listserver, and possibly encryption. How this electronic communication process alters group interactions in ethics committees is a fruitful area for future investigation. (+info)

Snapshots of five clinical ethics committees in the UK. (6/42)

Each of the following papers gives an account of a different UK clinical ethics committee. The committees vary in the length of time they have been established, and also in the main focus of their work. The accounts discuss the development of the committees and some of the ethical problems that have been brought to them. The issues raised will be relevant for other National Health Service (NHS) trusts in the UK that wish to set up such a committee. (+info)

Clinical ethics revisited. (7/42)

A decade ago, we reviewed the field of clinical ethics; assessed its progress in research, education, and ethics committees and consultation; and made predictions about the future of the field. In this article, we revisit clinical ethics to examine our earlier observations, highlight key developments, and discuss remaining challenges for clinical ethics, including the need to develop a global perspective on clinical ethics problems. (+info)

A national survey of U.S. internists' experiences with ethical dilemmas and ethics consultation. (8/42)

OBJECTIVE: To identify the ethical dilemmas that internists encounter, the strategies they use to address them, and the usefulness of ethics consultation. DESIGN: National telephone survey. SETTING: Doctors' offices. PARTICIPANTS: General internists, oncologists, and critical care/pulmonologists (N = 344, 64% response rate). MEASUREMENTS: Types of ethical dilemmas recently encountered and likelihood of requesting ethics consultation; satisfaction with resolution of ethical dilemmas with and without ethics consultation. RESULTS: Internists most commonly reported dilemmas regarding end-of-life decision making, patient autonomy, justice, and conflict resolution. General internists, oncologists, and critical care specialists reported participating in an average of 1.4, 1.3, and 4.1 consultations in the preceding 2 years, respectively (P <.0001). Physicians with the least ethics training had the least access to and participated in the fewest ethics consultations; 19% reported consultation was unavailable at their predominant practice site. Dilemmas about end-of-life decisions and patient autonomy were often referred for consultation, while dilemmas about justice, such as lack of insurance or limited resources, were rarely referred. While most physicians thought consultations yielded information that would be useful in dealing with future ethical dilemmas (72%), some hesitated to seek ethics consultation because they believed it was too time consuming (29%), might make the situation worse (15%), or that consultants were unqualified (11%). CONCLUSIONS: While most internists recall recent ethical dilemmas in their practices, those with the least preparation and experience have the least access to ethics consultation. Health care organizations should emphasize ethics educational activities to prepare physicians for handling ethical dilemmas on their own and should improve the accessibility and responsiveness of ethics consultation when needed. (+info)

An ethics consultation is a process in which healthcare professionals seek guidance and advice on ethical issues related to patient care from an expert panel or individual with specialized knowledge and training in medical ethics. The consultation may be requested by any member of the healthcare team, as well as patients and their families, when there are concerns about moral values, principles, and duties that arise during clinical decision-making.

The primary goal of an ethics consultation is to identify and analyze ethical dilemmas, clarify relevant ethical considerations, and provide recommendations for a course of action that respects the autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice for all parties involved. The process typically involves gathering information about the case, identifying key ethical issues, consulting with relevant stakeholders, and formulating a plan to address the concerns raised.

Ethics consultations can be helpful in situations where there is disagreement among healthcare providers or between patients and their caregivers regarding treatment options, goals of care, end-of-life decisions, informed consent, confidentiality, resource allocation, and other ethical challenges that arise in clinical practice. The recommendations provided by an ethics consultation are advisory in nature and do not replace the legal or professional responsibilities of healthcare providers.

An ethicist is a person who specializes in the study of ethics, which involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. In medical context, an ethicist is a person who applies ethical theories and principles to address complex issues in healthcare, medicine, and research involving clinical ethics, research ethics, and public health ethics. Medical ethicists may serve as consultants, educators, or researchers to help patients, families, healthcare professionals, and institutions analyze, clarify, and resolve ethical dilemmas related to medical care, treatment decisions, resource allocation, and policy development. They may hold various academic degrees in philosophy, theology, law, medicine, or other relevant fields, and have expertise in bioethics, moral theory, applied ethics, and clinical ethics consultation.

Clinical ethics refers to the branch of applied ethics that deals with ethical issues in clinical settings, such as hospitals and other healthcare facilities. It involves the application of moral principles and values to decision-making in clinical practice, with the aim of promoting patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

Clinical ethics often involves addressing complex ethical dilemmas that arise in the context of patient care, such as end-of-life decisions, informed consent, confidentiality, resource allocation, and research involving human subjects. Clinical ethicists may work as part of an institutional ethics committee or provide consultation services to healthcare providers, patients, and families facing ethical challenges.

The principles of clinical ethics are grounded in respect for patient autonomy, which includes the right to make informed decisions about their own care. Beneficence refers to the obligation to act in the best interests of the patient, while non-maleficence involves avoiding harm to the patient. Justice requires fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources and respect for the rights and dignity of all patients.

Effective clinical ethics decision-making also involves careful consideration of contextual factors, such as cultural differences, religious beliefs, and social values, that may influence ethical judgments in particular cases. Clinical ethicists use a variety of methods to analyze ethical issues, including case consultation, ethical analysis frameworks, and moral deliberation processes that involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process.

Ethics committees, also known as institutional review boards (IRBs), are groups responsible for reviewing and approving research studies involving human subjects. The primary goal of these committees is to ensure that the rights and welfare of study participants are protected, and that the research is conducted in an ethical manner.

Ethics committees typically consist of a diverse group of individuals with expertise in various fields, such as medicine, law, ethics, and community representation. They review the proposed research protocol, informed consent documents, and other relevant materials to ensure that they meet ethical standards and regulations.

The committee assesses several key factors when reviewing a study, including:

1. Risks vs. benefits: The potential risks of the study must be minimized and reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits.
2. Informed consent: Participants must be adequately informed about the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits, and provide their voluntary consent.
3. Selection and recruitment: Participants should be selected fairly and without discrimination, and recruitment methods should be unbiased.
4. Confidentiality: The privacy and confidentiality of participants' information must be protected throughout the study.
5. Monitoring and reporting: There should be mechanisms in place for monitoring the study's progress and ensuring that any adverse events are reported and addressed promptly.

Ethics committees play a critical role in protecting human subjects and upholding ethical standards in research. They provide oversight and guidance to researchers, helping to ensure that studies are conducted with integrity and respect for participants' rights and welfare.

An Ethics Committee in a clinical setting, also known as an Institutional Review Board (IRB), is a group that reviews and monitors biomedical and behavioral research involving humans to ensure that it is conducted ethically. The committee's role is to protect the rights and welfare of human subjects by ensuring that the risks of participation in research are minimized and that the potential benefits of the research are maximized.

The committee reviews the proposed research protocol, informed consent documents, and other study-related materials to ensure that they meet ethical standards and comply with federal regulations. The committee also monitors the conduct of the research to ensure that it is being carried out in accordance with the approved protocol and that any adverse events are reported and addressed promptly.

The members of an Ethics Committee typically include physicians, nurses, scientists, ethicists, and community members, and they may also seek input from other experts as needed. The committee operates independently of the researcher and has the authority to approve, require modifications to, or disapprove the research.

Medical ethics is a branch of ethics that deals with moral issues in medical care, research, and practice. It provides a framework for addressing questions related to patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, distributive justice, beneficentia (doing good), and non-maleficence (not doing harm). Medical ethics also involves the application of ethical principles such as respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to specific medical cases and situations. It is a crucial component of medical education and practice, helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions that promote patient well-being while respecting their rights and dignity.

Research ethics refers to the principles and guidelines that govern the conduct of research involving human participants or animals. The overarching goal of research ethics is to ensure that research is conducted in a way that respects the autonomy, dignity, and well-being of all those involved. Research ethics are designed to prevent harm, promote fairness, and maintain trust between researchers and study participants.

Some key principles of research ethics include:

1. Respect for Persons: This means treating all individuals with respect and dignity, and recognizing their autonomy and right to make informed decisions about participating in research.
2. Beneficence: Researchers have a duty to maximize the benefits of research while minimizing potential harms.
3. Justice: Research should be conducted fairly, without discrimination or bias, and should benefit all those who are affected by it.
4. Confidentiality: Researchers must protect the privacy and confidentiality of study participants, including their personal information and data.
5. Informed Consent: Participants must give their voluntary and informed consent to participate in research, after being fully informed about the nature of the study, its risks and benefits, and their rights as a participant.

Research ethics are typically overseen by institutional review boards (IRBs) or research ethics committees (RECs), which review research proposals and monitor ongoing studies to ensure that they comply with ethical guidelines. Researchers who violate these guidelines may face sanctions, including loss of funding, suspension or revocation of their research privileges, or legal action.

Medical futility is a controversial and complex concept that refers to medical treatments or interventions that are highly unlikely to result in achieving a meaningful clinical benefit for the patient. The determination of medical futility often involves a consideration of various factors, including the patient's current medical condition, prognosis, values, and goals of care.

There is no universally accepted definition of medical futility, and its interpretation can vary widely among healthcare providers, patients, and families. In general, medical treatments are considered futile when they have a very low probability of success or when they only prolong the process of dying without improving the patient's quality of life.

The concept of medical futility is important in end-of-life care discussions and decision-making, as it can help healthcare providers and patients make informed decisions about whether to pursue certain treatments or interventions. However, determining medical futility can be challenging, and it requires careful consideration of the patient's individual circumstances and values. Ultimately, the goal of medical futility is to ensure that patients receive care that is both medically appropriate and aligned with their goals and values.

**Referral:**
A referral in the medical context is the process where a healthcare professional (such as a general practitioner or primary care physician) sends or refers a patient to another healthcare professional who has specialized knowledge and skills to address the patient's specific health condition or concern. This could be a specialist, a consultant, or a facility that provides specialized care. The referral may involve transferring the patient's care entirely to the other professional or may simply be for a consultation and advice.

**Consultation:**
A consultation in healthcare is a process where a healthcare professional seeks the opinion or advice of another professional regarding a patient's medical condition. This can be done in various ways, such as face-to-face meetings, phone calls, or written correspondence. The consulting professional provides their expert opinion to assist in the diagnosis, treatment plan, or management of the patient's condition. The ultimate decision and responsibility for the patient's care typically remain with the referring or primary healthcare provider.

"Withholding treatment" in a medical context refers to the deliberate decision not to provide or initiate certain medical treatments, interventions, or procedures for a patient. This decision is typically made after considering various factors such as the patient's wishes, their overall prognosis, the potential benefits and burdens of the treatment, and the patient's quality of life.

The reasons for withholding treatment can vary widely, but some common reasons include:

* The treatment is unlikely to be effective in improving the patient's condition or extending their life.
* The treatment may cause unnecessary discomfort, pain, or suffering for the patient.
* The patient has expressed a desire not to receive certain treatments, particularly if they are deemed to be burdensome or of little benefit.
* The cost of the treatment is prohibitive and not covered by insurance, and the patient cannot afford to pay out-of-pocket.

It's important to note that withholding treatment does not mean abandoning the patient or providing substandard care. Rather, it involves making thoughtful and informed decisions about the most appropriate course of action for a given situation, taking into account the patient's individual needs and preferences.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mandatory Programs" is not a medical term or concept. It is a more general term that can be used in various contexts, including computer science, law, and policy-making. In the context of medicine or healthcare, it might refer to programs or initiatives that are required by law or regulation, but there is no specific medical definition for this term. If you have a specific context in mind, I'd be happy to help further clarify if I can!

A Code of Ethics is a set of principles and guidelines that outline appropriate behavior and conduct for individuals within a particular profession or organization. In the medical field, Codes of Ethics are designed to uphold the values of respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice, which are fundamental to the practice of ethical medicine.

The Code of Ethics for medical professionals may include guidelines on issues such as patient confidentiality, informed consent, conflicts of interest, and professional competence. These codes serve as a framework for decision-making and help to ensure that healthcare providers maintain high standards of conduct and behavior in their interactions with patients, colleagues, and the broader community.

The American Medical Association (AMA) and other medical organizations have developed Codes of Ethics that provide specific guidance for medical professionals on ethical issues that may arise in the course of their work. These codes are regularly reviewed and updated to reflect changes in medical practice and societal values.

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. In the medical field, ethics refers to the principles that guide doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals in making decisions about patient care. These principles often include respect for autonomy (the right of patients to make their own decisions), non-maleficence (doing no harm), beneficence (acting in the best interests of the patient), and justice (fairness in the distribution of resources). Medical ethics may also involve considerations of confidentiality, informed consent, and end-of-life decision making.

In the context of medical field, a consultant is a physician who has completed specialty training and offers expert advice to general practitioners and other healthcare professionals. They typically work in hospitals or private practice and provide specialized services for specific medical conditions or diseases. Consultants play a crucial role in diagnosing complex medical cases, developing treatment plans, and managing patient care. They may also conduct research, teach medical students and residents, and write articles for professional publications. Some consultants are also involved in administrative tasks such as hospital management and policy-making.

Nursing ethics refers to the principles that guide the behavior and decision-making of nurses in their practice. These principles are based on values such as respect for autonomy, non-maleficence (do no harm), beneficence (do good), justice, and veracity (truthfulness). Nursing ethics provides a framework for nurses to make decisions that promote the health and well-being of their patients while also respecting their rights and dignity.

Nurses may encounter ethical dilemmas in their practice, such as when there is conflict between the interests of different patients or between the interests of the patient and those of the nurse or healthcare organization. In these situations, nurses are expected to engage in a process of ethical reasoning and decision-making that involves identifying the ethical issues involved, considering the relevant ethical principles and values, and seeking input from colleagues and other stakeholders as appropriate.

Nursing ethics is an essential component of nursing practice and education, and it is closely linked to broader bioethical considerations related to healthcare and medical research. Nurses are expected to be familiar with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations, such as those established by professional organizations and regulatory bodies, and to engage in ongoing reflection and learning to maintain and develop their ethical competence.

Internal Medicine is a medical specialty that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of internal diseases affecting adults. It encompasses a wide range of medical conditions, including those related to the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hematological, endocrine, infectious, and immune systems. Internists, or general internists, are trained to provide comprehensive care for adult patients, managing both simple and complex diseases, and often serving as primary care physicians. They may also subspecialize in various fields such as cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology, or infectious disease, among others.

An Ethics Committee for Research, also known as an Institutional Review Board (IRB), is a group that has been formally designated to review, approve, monitor, and revise biomedical and behavioral research involving humans. The purpose of the committee is to ensure that the rights and welfare of the participants are protected and that the risks involved in the research are minimized and reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits.

The committee typically includes members with various backgrounds, including scientists, non-scientists, and community members. They review the research protocol, informed consent documents, and any other relevant materials to ensure that they meet ethical standards and regulations. The committee also monitors the progress of the research to ensure that it continues to be conducted in an ethical manner.

The role of ethics committees for research is critical in protecting human subjects from harm and ensuring that research is conducted with integrity, respect, and transparency.

Professional ethics in the medical field are a set of principles that guide physicians and other healthcare professionals in their interactions with patients, colleagues, and society. These ethical standards are based on values such as respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. They help to ensure that medical professionals provide high-quality care that is safe, effective, and respectful of patients' rights and dignity.

Some key principles of professional ethics in medicine include:

1. Respect for autonomy: Healthcare professionals should respect patients' right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, including the right to refuse treatment.
2. Non-maleficence: Medical professionals have a duty to avoid causing harm to their patients. This includes avoiding unnecessary tests or treatments that may cause harm or waste resources.
3. Beneficence: Healthcare professionals have a duty to act in the best interests of their patients and to promote their well-being.
4. Justice: Medical professionals should treat all patients fairly and without discrimination, and should work to ensure that healthcare resources are distributed equitably.
5. Confidentiality: Medical professionals have a duty to keep patient information confidential, unless the patient gives permission to share it or there is a legal or ethical obligation to disclose it.
6. Professional competence: Medical professionals have a duty to maintain their knowledge and skills, and to provide care that meets accepted standards of practice.
7. Honesty and integrity: Medical professionals should be honest and truthful in their interactions with patients, colleagues, and other stakeholders. They should avoid conflicts of interest and should disclose any potential conflicts to patients and others.
8. Responsibility to society: Medical professionals have a responsibility to contribute to the health and well-being of society as a whole, including advocating for policies that promote public health and addressing health disparities.

Professional competence, in the context of medicine, refers to the possession of the necessary skills, knowledge, and behaviors required for the provision of high-quality healthcare services. It involves the ability to apply medical knowledge and clinical skills effectively in practice, make informed and evidence-based decisions, communicate clearly and effectively with patients and colleagues, demonstrate professionalism and ethical behavior, and engage in continuous learning and improvement.

Professional competence is evaluated through various means, including assessments of clinical skills, knowledge tests, patient feedback, and peer reviews. It is an ongoing process that requires healthcare professionals to continually update their knowledge and skills, adapt to changes in medical practice, and strive for excellence in patient care. Maintaining professional competence is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of healthcare services and is a key component of medical regulation and licensure.

Institutional ethics refers to the ethical principles, guidelines, and practices that are established and implemented within organizations or institutions, particularly those involved in healthcare, research, and other fields where ethical considerations are paramount. Institutional ethics committees (IECs) or institutional review boards (IRBs) are often established to oversee and ensure the ethical conduct of research, clinical trials, and other activities within the institution.

Institutional ethics committees typically consist of a multidisciplinary group of individuals who represent various stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, researchers, community members, and ethicists. The committee's role is to review and approve proposed research studies, ensure that they adhere to ethical guidelines and regulations, protect the rights and welfare of study participants, and monitor ongoing research to identify and address any ethical concerns that may arise during the course of the study.

Institutional ethics also encompasses broader organizational values, policies, and practices that promote ethical behavior and decision-making within the institution. This includes developing and implementing codes of conduct, providing education and training on ethical issues, fostering a culture of transparency and accountability, and promoting open communication and dialogue around ethical concerns.

Overall, institutional ethics plays a critical role in ensuring that organizations and institutions operate in an ethically responsible manner, promote the well-being of their stakeholders, and maintain public trust and confidence.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "organizational policy" is not a medical term. It falls under the broader category of management or administrative terminology.

An organizational policy generally refers to a formal statement or set of guidelines that outline an organization's approved course of action or conduct regarding various matters. These policies guide decision-making and help ensure consistent action across the organization. They can cover a wide range of topics, including (but not limited to) employee behavior, data security, patient care standards, and operational procedures.

In a healthcare setting, organizational policies play a crucial role in maintaining quality of care, ensuring patient safety, and complying with relevant laws and regulations.

Principle-Based Ethics is a framework for moral decision-making that involves the application of several fundamental ethical principles. These principles include:

1. Respect for Autonomy: This principle recognizes and respects an individual's right to make their own decisions, as long as they do not harm others or infringe upon their rights.
2. Nonmaleficence: This principle requires that healthcare providers should not cause harm to their patients. They should avoid doing anything that could potentially harm their patients, unless the potential benefits of an action outweigh its risks.
3. Beneficence: This principle requires healthcare providers to act in the best interests of their patients and promote their well-being. Healthcare providers should take positive actions to benefit their patients and prevent harm.
4. Justice: This principle requires that healthcare resources be distributed fairly and equitably among all members of society, regardless of their social status or ability to pay.

These principles serve as a foundation for ethical decision-making in healthcare and provide guidance for making difficult moral choices. They are often used in conjunction with other ethical theories and frameworks, such as consequentialism and virtue ethics, to help healthcare providers make informed and responsible decisions that promote the well-being of their patients while also respecting their autonomy and rights.

Terminal care, also known as end-of-life care or palliative care, is a type of medical care provided to patients who are in the final stages of a terminal illness or condition. The primary goal of terminal care is to provide comfort, dignity, and quality of life for the patient, rather than attempting to cure the disease or prolong life.

Terminal care may involve managing pain and other symptoms, providing emotional and psychological support to both the patient and their family, and helping the patient plan for the end of their life. This can include discussing advance directives, hospice care options, and other important decisions related to end-of-life care.

The focus of terminal care is on ensuring that the patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs are met in a compassionate and supportive manner. It is an essential component of high-quality medical care for patients who are facing the end of their lives.

Intensive care is a specialized level of medical care that is provided to critically ill patients. It's usually given in a dedicated unit of a hospital called the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or Critical Care Unit (CCU). The goal of intensive care is to closely monitor and manage life-threatening conditions, stabilize vital functions, and support organs until they recover or the patient can be moved to a less acute level of care.

Intensive care involves advanced medical equipment and technologies, such as ventilators to assist with breathing, dialysis machines for kidney support, intravenous lines for medication administration, and continuous monitoring devices for heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and other vital signs.

The ICU team typically includes intensive care specialists (intensivists), critical care nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals who work together to provide comprehensive, round-the-clock care for critically ill patients.

An ethical theory is a structured framework of principles and concepts that helps to guide and inform moral judgments and decisions about right and wrong conduct. It provides a systematic and coherent approach to understanding, analyzing, and resolving ethical issues and dilemmas in various contexts, including healthcare.

There are several types of ethical theories, but some of the most prominent ones include:

1. Deontological theory: This theory emphasizes the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions based on whether they conform to moral rules or duties, regardless of their consequences. It is often associated with the work of Immanuel Kant.
2. Utilitarianism: This theory holds that the morality of an action is determined by its overall usefulness or benefit to society as a whole, measured in terms of the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
3. Virtue ethics: This theory focuses on the character and virtues of the moral agent, rather than on specific rules or consequences. It emphasizes the importance of cultivating good habits, traits, and dispositions that contribute to a flourishing and fulfilling life.
4. Social contract theory: This theory posits that moral norms and rules emerge from mutual agreements or understandings among individuals in society, based on their shared interests and values.
5. Feminist ethics: This theory challenges traditional ethical theories by emphasizing the importance of context, relationships, and power dynamics in moral decision-making, with a focus on promoting justice and equality for marginalized groups.

In healthcare, ethical theories can help guide clinical practice, research, policy, and education, by providing a framework for addressing complex ethical issues such as informed consent, patient autonomy, confidentiality, resource allocation, and end-of-life care.

A physician is a healthcare professional who practices medicine, providing medical care and treatment to patients. Physicians may specialize in various fields of medicine, such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, or radiology, among others. They are responsible for diagnosing and treating illnesses, injuries, and disorders; prescribing medications; ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests; providing counseling and education to patients; and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care. Physicians may work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, private practices, and academic medical centers. To become a physician, one must complete a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree program and pass licensing exams to practice medicine in their state.

A remote consultation, also known as teleconsultation or virtual consultation, is a healthcare service where a patient and a healthcare professional communicate remotely, using various technologies such as telephone, video conferencing, or secure messaging. This type of consultation aims to provide medical advice, diagnosis, treatment plan, or follow-up care without the need for physical presence in a clinical setting. Remote consultations can increase accessibility to healthcare services, reduce travel time and costs, and minimize the risk of infection transmission during pandemics or in situations where in-person visits are not feasible. However, remote consultations may also present challenges related to establishing rapport, conducting physical examinations, ensuring privacy, and managing technology.

Bioethical issues refer to the ethical dilemmas and challenges that arise in biological research, healthcare, and medical technology. These issues often involve conflicts between scientific or medical advancements and moral, social, legal, and cultural values. Examples of bioethical issues include:

1. End-of-life care: Decisions about life-sustaining treatments, such as artificial nutrition and hydration, mechanical ventilation, and do-not-resuscitate orders, can raise ethical questions about the quality of life, patient autonomy, and the role of healthcare providers.
2. Genetic testing and screening: The use of genetic information for medical decision-making, predictive testing, and reproductive choices can have significant implications for individuals, families, and society, raising concerns about privacy, discrimination, and informed consent.
3. Organ transplantation: Issues surrounding organ donation and allocation, such as fairness, scarcity, and the definition of death, can create ethical dilemmas that require careful consideration of medical, legal, and moral principles.
4. Stem cell research: The use of embryonic stem cells for research and therapy raises questions about the moral status of embryos, potential therapeutic benefits, and the role of government in regulating scientific research.
5. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART): Techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy, and gamete donation can challenge traditional notions of family, parenthood, and reproduction, leading to debates about the rights and interests of children, parents, and society.
6. Mental health treatment: The use of psychotropic medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and other interventions for mental illness can raise concerns about patient autonomy, informed consent, and the balance between therapeutic benefits and potential risks.
7. Public health emergencies: Responses to infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, and other public health crises can involve difficult decisions about resource allocation, individual rights, and the role of government in protecting population health.
8. Research involving human subjects: The ethical conduct of clinical trials, observational studies, and other research that involves human participants requires careful consideration of issues such as informed consent, risk-benefit analysis, and respect for participant autonomy and privacy.
9. Health care access and financing: Debates about health care reform, insurance coverage, and affordability can raise questions about the role of government in ensuring access to essential medical services, the balance between individual rights and social responsibility, and the ethical implications of rationing limited resources.
10. Global health ethics: Issues such as international cooperation, resource distribution, and cultural sensitivity can challenge traditional notions of global justice, human rights, and the responsibilities of wealthy nations to address health disparities in low- and middle-income countries.

Decision-making is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. In a medical context, decision-making refers to the process by which healthcare professionals and patients make choices about medical tests, treatments, or management options based on a thorough evaluation of available information, including the patient's preferences, values, and circumstances.

The decision-making process in medicine typically involves several steps:

1. Identifying the problem or issue that requires a decision.
2. Gathering relevant information about the patient's medical history, current condition, diagnostic test results, treatment options, and potential outcomes.
3. Considering the benefits, risks, and uncertainties associated with each option.
4. Evaluating the patient's preferences, values, and goals.
5. Selecting the most appropriate course of action based on a careful weighing of the available evidence and the patient's individual needs and circumstances.
6. Communicating the decision to the patient and ensuring that they understand the rationale behind it, as well as any potential risks or benefits.
7. Monitoring the outcomes of the decision and adjusting the course of action as needed based on ongoing evaluation and feedback.

Effective decision-making in medicine requires a thorough understanding of medical evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. It also involves careful consideration of ethical principles, such as respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Ultimately, the goal of decision-making in healthcare is to promote the best possible outcomes for patients while minimizing harm and respecting their individual needs and values.

Dental ethics refers to the principles and rules that guide the conduct of dental professionals in their interactions with patients, colleagues, and society. These ethical standards are designed to promote trust, respect, and fairness in dental care, and they are often based on fundamental ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

Autonomy refers to the patient's right to make informed decisions about their own health care, free from coercion or manipulation. Dental professionals have an obligation to provide patients with accurate information about their dental conditions and treatment options, so that they can make informed choices about their care.

Beneficence means acting in the best interests of the patient, and doing what is medically necessary and appropriate to promote their health and well-being. Dental professionals have a duty to provide high-quality care that meets accepted standards of practice, and to use evidence-based treatments that are likely to be effective.

Non-maleficence means avoiding harm to the patient. Dental professionals must take reasonable precautions to prevent injuries or complications during treatment, and they should avoid providing unnecessary or harmful treatments.

Justice refers to fairness and equity in the distribution of dental resources and services. Dental professionals have an obligation to provide care that is accessible, affordable, and culturally sensitive, and to advocate for policies and practices that promote health equity and social justice.

Dental ethics also encompasses issues related to patient confidentiality, informed consent, research integrity, professional competence, and boundary violations. Dental professionals are expected to adhere to ethical guidelines established by their professional organizations, such as the American Dental Association (ADA) or the British Dental Association (BDA), and to comply with relevant laws and regulations governing dental practice.

Ethical analysis is a process of evaluating and assessing the moral implications and principles surrounding a particular medical situation, treatment, or research. It involves critical thinking and consideration of various ethical theories, principles, and guidelines to determine the right course of action. The steps in an ethical analysis typically include:

1. Identifying the ethical issue: This involves recognizing and defining the problem or dilemma that requires ethical consideration.
2. Gathering relevant information: This includes gathering all necessary medical and contextual information related to the situation, including the patient's values, preferences, and cultural background.
3. Identifying stakeholders: This involves identifying all those who are affected by or have a vested interest in the ethical issue.
4. Applying ethical principles: This involves applying ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to the situation to determine the right course of action.
5. Considering alternative courses of action: This involves exploring different options and their potential consequences for all stakeholders.
6. Making a decision: This involves weighing the various factors and coming to a conclusion about what is the right thing to do.
7. Reflecting on the decision: This involves reflecting on the decision-making process and considering whether the decision was fair, just, and respectful of all parties involved.

Ethical analysis is an essential tool for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to ensure that their actions are guided by moral principles and values.

Most of the senior staff and fellows of the Department of Bioethics organize and staff the Clinical Center's Bioethics Consultation Service. (nih.gov)
The Bioethics Consultation Service occasionally gets requests to consult when a research participant may not be able to personally consent to research. (nih.gov)
ACAT is a joint function of the Bioethics Consultation Service and the Human Subjects Protection Unit of the National Institute of Mental Health. (nih.gov)
ACAT services can be accessed by contacting the Bioethics Consultation Service. (nih.gov)
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) invites scholars with outstanding credentials and experience to apply for the position of Research Faculty and Head of the Bioethics Consultation Service in the Department of Bioethics at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD. (nih.gov)
The selected candidate will also lead important empirical and/or conceptual research on theoretical and applied issues in bioethics and will oversee and guide the planning, management, and implementation of the Bioethics Consultation Service. (nih.gov)
The Bioethics Consultation Service facilitates discussion and provides analysis regarding ethical questions and concerns that arise in caring for patients or research participants, and in planning and conducting clinical research. (nih.gov)
Dr. Marion Danis is head of the Section on Ethics and Health Policy in the Department of Bioethics and also serves as chief of the Clinical Center's Bioethics Consultation Service. (nih.gov)
She led the Bioethics Consultation Service faculty in authoring the book, Research Ethics Consultation: A Casebook, with Oxford University Press. (nih.gov)

The Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics offers biostatistics consultations for researchers who need guidance on research study designs, sample sizes, and data collection and analysis. (sun.ac.za)
Biostatistics and bioinformatics consultations by appointment. (utmb.edu)

Analogous to clinical ethics consultation, Research Ethics Consultation (REC) describes a formal way for researchers to solicit and receive expert ethical guidance related to biomedical research. (wikipedia.org)
Institutional Review Board Ethics Committee (European Union) Human experimentation in the United States IRB: Ethics & Human Research Informed consent Data Monitoring Committees Office for human research protections Ethical problems using children in clinical trials National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Emanuel, EJ (Dec 1998). (wikipedia.org)
See Tom L. Beauchamp & James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics 11 (5th ed., 2001). (americanbar.org)
The "big four" principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice have become foundational values for biomedical ethics. (unibas.ch)
With this in mind, this course will critically reflect on the big four and principlism in general for biomedical ethics. (unibas.ch)
Full attendance, short presentation on the application of one of the four foundational principles of biomedical ethics. (unibas.ch)
The overarching goal of this R25 program is to support educational activities that foster a better understanding of the ethics of biomedical, behavioral and clinical research and its implications. (nih.gov)

The MPA Ethics Committee provides consultation services to MPA member psychologists who have questions related to ethical issues or dilemmas that may arise in clinical, consulting, academic, or other areas of psychological practice. (mnpsych.org)
Please ask a nurse, physician, or advance practice practitioner (PA or APRN) to contact the Ethics Consultation Service via Tiger Text at: "HH Ethics Committee" or they can place an order for a consult in the patient's electronic medical record. (hartfordhospital.org)
The HCPC's Standards of conduct, performance and ethics are integral to ensuring high quality professional practice in the 15 professions we regulate. (hcpc-uk.org)
These revisions have been made based on evidence gathered from desk research on health and care practice and pre-consultation stakeholder engagement. (hcpc-uk.org)
The theory and practice of ethics consultations (ECs) in health care are still characterized by many controversies, including, for example, the practice of giving recommendations. (biomedcentral.com)
The theory and practice of ethics consultations (ECs) in health care are still characterized by many controversies, including, for example, the adequate approach to consultation (such as the clinical vs facilitation model) or which professional group should serve in these models (such as clinicians vs nonclinicians) [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the main arguments in favor of giving recommendations is that this practice is closest to clinical consultation practice and is the best way to promote "excellence in outcome for each and every patient" [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Major topic areas of training include facilitation of learning environments, principles, and characteristics of adult learning (andragogy), development of experience-level didactic presentations, including quantifiable learning objectives, organization of clinical hypnosis training workshops and small group practice sessions, careful selection of faculty, and management of unusual training and consultation situations. (associationdatabase.com)
In OBA Ethics Opinion No. 282 (1974), the Board of Governors concluded it was improper for an attorney to practice law before various municipal boards, commissions, courts and council, etc., when the attorney shares offices and associates on a number of cases with another attorney who is employed by the city in question as an Assistant Manager. (okbar.org)

Forty-five percent of the participants in such committees, however, had no formal ethics training to support their role. (americanbar.org)
Some have suggested that clinical ethics consultations should be carried out only by ethics committees and not by individual ethicists [1]. (ama-assn.org)
McGee et al produced a descriptive study of hospital ethics committees (HECs) in 2001 [4]. (ama-assn.org)
consultation-liaison committees and academics to set guidelines for seminars, training, education programmes and ethical aspects of consultation-liaison psychiatry [2]. (who.int)
serve on ethics committees, and provide consultation and advice on ethical issues. (nih.gov)

When you call or page the Office of Ethics, an ethicist will speak with you to learn more about the nature of the conflict or dilemma and your concerns. (childrenshospital.org)
If you suspect that you have an ethical issue or dilemma and are in need of assistance, the ethicist on call can help in determining whether the Office of Ethics can assist in thinking through or resolving the issue that you are facing. (childrenshospital.org)
The work of bioethics can be classified into 3 broad categories: clinical ethicist, ethics committee member, and policy contributor. (ama-assn.org)

Although many hospitals have long offered a clinical ethics consultation to their physicians, patients, and allied health professionals, formal ethics consultation in the research setting is a relatively new development. (thehastingscenter.org)

The Ethics Committee uses the 2002 APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct , which may be downloaded at http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/principles.pdf , as its reference for consultations. (mnpsych.org)
The Ethics Sub-Committee [1] (EC) of the Public Accountants Oversight Committee (PAOC) is seeking public feedback on proposed amendments to the Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and Accounting Entities (Singapore Code), which sets out the ethical and independence standards for auditors. (acra.gov.sg)
We have drafted revised Standards of conduct performance and ethics, and the guidance on social media that sits alongside them. (hcpc-uk.org)
If you have a malpractice claim against a licensed professional due to their failure to meet professional standards of conduct, an ethics and professional responsibility lawyer can help. (findlaw.com)
While there is much still to be learned to improve the process of clinical research ethics consultation, these tools can advance these efforts, which, in turn, can facilitate the ethical conduct of research. (elsevierpure.com)
Ethics are the rules of conduct recognized by a particular group, such as medical ethics. (ontarioshores.ca)
Canadian Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS-2) Canada: https://ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique_tcps2-eptc2_2022.html Canadian Association of Research Ethics Boards (CAREB): http://careb-accer.org Canadian General Standards Board: Research ethics. (ontarioshores.ca)
As such, EHP ascribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work. (nih.gov)

The simple passage of time has not, however, delivered clear guidance on the most effective structures, methods, and models for implementing clinical ethics processes within hospital settings. (americanbar.org)
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) initiated its Integrated Ethics Initiative in 2007 with the intent to develop guidance to implement effective ethics programs. (americanbar.org)
Because the process of reaching such resolution is often difficult, IMC's Ethics and Reconciliation (EAR) Council offers support and guidance. (insightmeditationcenter.org)
As federal agencies-by law and administration mandate-move to incorporate data and evidence-based decision-making into their missions, the Office of Management and Budget released a second wave of guidance Wednesday focused on maintaining trust, rigor and ethics in the process. (nextgov.com)

The Ethics Consultation Service is available 24/7 to clarify and resolve ethical dilemmas arising in the course of patient care. (hartfordhospital.org)

This lack of consistency in applying the principles and processes of bioethics consultation, coupled with an increasing call for using ethics consultation services, suggests that it is time that disciplined attention should be focused on the delivery of this health care service. (americanbar.org)
Clinical ethics consultation is the attempt by someone trained in principles of bioethics and in facilitating discussion-I argue they also need techniques of mediation-to help patients, families, and staff agree upon a care plan when there's disagreement and conflict. (medscape.com)
The Committee on Standards in Public Life's review of 'Ethics for Regulators' - to explore how regulators live up to the seven principles of public life. (hcpc-uk.org)
Kurlander JE and Danis M . Organizational Ethics in Health Care in Principles of Health Care Ethics. (nih.gov)
Programs should be designed to strengthen the critical competencies needed to provide research ethics education, ethical review leadership and expert consultation to LMIC researchers, their academic or research institutions, governments and international health research organizations to enhance the application of research ethics principles. (nih.gov)

The Office of Ethics is staffed by clinical ethicists and ethics associates - hospital clinicians with advanced training in medical ethics - who are available to provide ethics support and consultation to families and clinicians facing an ethical dilemma or who have ethical concerns. (childrenshospital.org)
Ethics consultation is one of the major ways, along with teaching and making policy recommendations, that ethicists serve health care organizations. (nih.gov)
Second, often clinical ethicists are members of the medical center's or hospital's ethics committee along with other individuals. (ama-assn.org)

Moreover, the article notes that to date no consistent standards of care have been developed for the methods or outcomes of ethics committee consultations. (americanbar.org)
Experimental methods in Methods in Medical Ethics, Second Edition. (nih.gov)

The questionnaire consisted of Likert-type statements related to the reasons for requesting or not requesting ethics consultation and a ranking list of ethical dilemmas according to the physicians' priorities. (tubitak.gov.tr)
What are examples of ethical dilemmas that the Office of Ethics can help with? (childrenshospital.org)
In contrast, our empirical data reveal that strategic decisions about establishing remote consultation services, allocation decisions for appointment type (phone, video, e-, face-to-face), and clinical decisions when consulting remotely are fraught with contradictions and tensions-for example, between demand management and patient choice-leading to both large- and small-scale ethical dilemmas for managers, support staff, and clinicians. (ox.ac.uk)

All research conducted by researchers within Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Ontario Shores) and Abilities Centre requires approval by the Joint Research Ethics Board (JREB). (ontarioshores.ca)
Dr. Resnik conducts interdisciplinary research on ethical, legal, and social issues in environmental health research and provides consultations for researchers and administrators on bioethics issues, problems, and concerns. (nih.gov)

Research Ethics Consultation: A Casebook. (wikipedia.org)

While some authors see it as the main task of ethics consultants to offer "suggestions that improve the process and outcome of patients' care" [ 2 ], others state that this conventional "clinical" approach to ethics consultations, which typically results in a suggestion, recommendation or advice, is outdated and should be replaced by alternative models, such as those proposed in bioethics mediation [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Joint Research Ethics Board (JREB) adopts a proportionate approach to ethics review such that the level of JREB review is determined by the level of risk presented by the research. (ontarioshores.ca)

Physicians' attitudes toward clinical ethics consultation: a research " by FUNDA GÜLAY KADIOĞLU, RANA CAN et al. (tubitak.gov.tr)
To identify the reasons why physicians request or do not request ethics consultation and to determine the priority of ethical issues for those demanding consultation. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Most of the physicians (90%) stated that they wanted to demand ethics consultations. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Physicians, staff, patients and families may request ethics committee consultation. (hartfordhospital.org)
When physicians asked for an EC, the consultation was significantly more likely to result in a recommendation than when the EC was requested by any other party. (biomedcentral.com)
During the period July-October 1994, we assessed the knowledge and attitude of referring physicians (consultees) and referred patients towards psychiatry and consultation at King Fahad Hospital, a large 930-bed general hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. (who.int)

This situation may be caused by the lack of clinical ethics support services that deal with ethics consultation in Turkey. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Although guidelines call for the presence of pediatric ethics consultation services (PECS), their existence in children's hospitals remains unquantified. (nih.gov)
Ethics consultation services in hospitals are delivered by committee members or single consultants who take action in response to requests for assistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Establishing and running remote consultation services is challenging politically (interest groups may gain or lose), organizationally (remote consulting requires implementation work and new roles and workflows), economically (costs and benefits are unevenly distributed across the system), technically (excellent care needs dependable links and high-quality audio and images), relationally (interpersonal interactions are altered), and clinically (patients are unique, some examinations require contact, and clinicians have deeply-held habits, dispositions and norms). (ox.ac.uk)
In this paper, we present a novel framework, Planning and Evaluating Remote Consultation Services (PERCS), built from a literature review and ongoing research. (ox.ac.uk)
Clinical research ethics consultation services have been established across academic health centers over the past decade. (elsevierpure.com)
This competitive two-year fellowship offers the opportunity to train with the center's nationally renowned faculty and staff who lead premier Clinical Ethics Consultation Services at adult, private hospital systems in the Texas Medical Center. (bcm.edu)
Forensic consultation services are provided to all programs at Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Ontario Shores). (ontarioshores.ca)
Consultation services are also offered to jails, detention centres and other forensic programs. (ontarioshores.ca)
In 2014, she was involved in addressing the ethical tensions that have arisen during the Ebola epidemic in West Africa as a member of the World Health Organization Ethics Panel on Use of Investigational Agents during the Ebola Epidemic and as a member of the Interagency Working Group on Ebola in the Department of Health and Human Services. (nih.gov)
While at UNC, she also directed the medical intensive care unit, chaired the UNC Hospitals Ethics Committee, and served as a faculty member of the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program and as a research associate at the Cecil G. Sheps Health Services Research Center. (nih.gov)

Withdrawal of life-support-system decision" was determined to be the main subject for which clinicians requested ethics consultations. (tubitak.gov.tr)
The Office of Ethics provides ethics support for clinicians, patients, and families when ethical issues arise in caring for patients (inpatient and outpatient) at Boston Children's Hospital. (childrenshospital.org)
If such a request is made, a small ethics consultation team (2-4 individuals) meets with those involved (parents, clinicians, and the patient if appropriate) and then makes recommendations regarding ethically acceptable courses of action. (childrenshospital.org)

Watch this pre-recorded webinar to hear about the Clinical Ethics Fellowship Program directly from our faculty and fellows. (bcm.edu)
This webinar is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a substitute for clinical ethics consultation or other medical, legal, or other professional advice on individual cases or for particular institutions. (thehastingscenter.org)

2 National Center for Ethics in Healthcare, Washington, District of Columbia. (nih.gov)
I want to welcome you to Close-Up, an interview program that I host where we talk with leaders in medicine, healthcare, health policy, medical ethics, and health law. (medscape.com)
Bioethics is the application of ethics to the field of medicine and healthcare. (practicalbioethics.org)

Acting on the concern expressed by the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in resolution EUR/RC47/R6 - that the renewed policy for health for all should pay proper attention to intersectoral action - the WHO Regional Office for Europe held a consultation in January 1998. (who.int)

The draft of a revised version of the International Code of Medical Ethics (ICoME) is now open for public consultation and may be downloaded below. (oneofus.eu)
4 Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (nih.gov)
6 Department of Medical Ethics and Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (nih.gov)
If a consultation is requested by or regarding a research participant at the NIH Clinical Center, a report will be placed in the electronic medical record. (nih.gov)
If a research participant wishes to receive a copy of a consultation report, he or she is welcome to contact to Consultation Service to do so or can view the report in his or her medical record. (nih.gov)
An article in the January 28, 2008, American Medical News , excerpting information from the February 2007 edition of the American Journal of Bioethics , indicates that by the year 2000 over 95 percent of community hospitals had established a clinical ethics committee. (americanbar.org)
She won't admit this, but she's sort of part-time now with the New York University (NYU) Medical Ethics Division, and still thinking about how to teach mediation and how to work around clinical ethics consults. (medscape.com)
The Center for Medical Ethics & Health Policy has 14 primary faculty members, three of whom hold endowed positions, and 25 support staff, housed on the main Baylor campus in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas. (bcm.edu)
Our center's faculty teach in the undergraduate and graduate medical education curricula, direct an award-winning ethics pathway and newly-developed health policy pathway for advanced medical students, and have developed a comprehensive College-wide graduate medical education curriculum in ethics, professionalism, and health policy. (bcm.edu)
The fellowship will be part of the New York-Houston Medical Ethics Consortium, which will bring together Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital. (bcm.edu)
A few thoughts on some vexed questions in medical ethics. (nih.gov)
An essay on medical ethics. (nih.gov)

The changes follow a public consultation held between July and September 2021 to get feedback on what should be included. (polfed.org)
The public consultation exercise will run from 29 November 2013 to 10 January 2014. (acra.gov.sg)
In April 2021, the Council of the WMA approved this draft version for public consultation. (oneofus.eu)

Individuals who feel uncomfortable with requesting a consultation may ask for a confidential consultation although such a consult is limited since the consulting staff is hearing only one point of view about the situation at hand. (nih.gov)
TCW is a ten-hour workshop designed for those individuals who have attained ASCH Certification (including completion of Level 1 and Level 2 ASCH-sponsored or ASCH-approved workshops and completion of twenty hours of Individualized Consultation (IC) (individual or workshop format). (associationdatabase.com)
Ethics expert Dr. Christopher Bauer's training as a clinical psychologist gives him a unique perspective on how individuals manage matters of ethics. (expertclick.com)

This series of training experiences provide foundational support for other ASCH educational and training programs including a twenty hours Individualized Consultation (IC) in individual or workshop format, and a ten-hour TCW Workshop. (associationdatabase.com)
This FOA will support innovative LMIC master's level research ethics education programs proposing integrated activities to develop culturally appropriate foundational research ethics curriculum, research ethics career skills development courses, ethics research or practicum experiences, and effective mentoring approaches. (nih.gov)

ECs in cases on wards with ethics rounds resulted in comparably fewer recommendations than those in wards without ethics rounds. (biomedcentral.com)

This article describes the Research Ethics Consulting Service that was launched in March 2005 at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, including the nature of the consultations that have taken place since its inception and the challenges the service faces in the future. (thehastingscenter.org)
Any employee or patient (or their family member or representative) of Hartford Hospital may contact the Ethics Consultation Service for a formal consultation. (hartfordhospital.org)
We analyzed all consultations requested from an EC service working under a facilitation approach at a maximum-care university hospital in Germany over a period of more than 10 years. (biomedcentral.com)
The Consultation Service commits itself to providing an opportunity for people to talk through clinical research and clinical care issues with a supportive group that understands the nature of the practical issues. (nih.gov)
The belief that ethics consultation should provide an open space for deliberation about ethical issues guides the Consultation Service. (nih.gov)
The Service works with and is overseen by the Clinical Center Ethics Committee. (nih.gov)
We have found that both during and beyond the pandemic, policymakers envisaged an efficient, safe and accessible remote consultation service delivered through state-of-the art digital technologies and implemented via rational allocation criteria and quality standards. (ox.ac.uk)
Consultation with social service agency personnel is warranted. (medscape.com)
Legal access service to help you and your family get free consultations and discounted legal fees. (lawyer.com)
We examined the results along with the referral rates to try to identify factors that may affect a consultation-liaison psychiatry service. (who.int)

Hartford Hospital established its Ethics Committee in 1982, one of the first hospitals in the state to do so. (hartfordhospital.org)

Fellows are expected to devise and deliver at least 3 lectures to junior psychiatry residents or other trainees on topics of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry. (rochester.edu)
Upon completion of this fellowship, fellows will have the skills, training, and experience to make them competitive for positions in clinical ethics and academic bioethics. (bcm.edu)

environmental ethics , which focuses on issues pertaining to the relationship between human activities and the environment, and public health ethics , which addresses ethical issues in public health. (nih.gov)

The Consultation Paper summarises the proposed amendments to the Singapore Code as well as the specific questions posed for feedback. (acra.gov.sg)

This is an indication that psychiatrists need to work in collaboration with hospital doctors to integrate psychiatry into medicine at all levels and emphasizes the priority of education of hospital staff, patients and the community in consultation-liaison psychiatry. (who.int)
In this paper we present the differential aspects of consultation-liaison psychiatry in the same setting, namely the attitude and knowledge of referring doctors (consultees) towards psychiatry and the consultation needs in this area, along with the attitude and knowledge of patients towards psychiatry and the consultation. (who.int)

The weekly didactic series topics are wide-ranging and pertinent to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, and are presented by a variety of faculty members from Psychiatry and other URMC specialties. (rochester.edu)
Finally, our faculty are involved in national clinical ethics initiatives and publish on "best practices" for ethics consultation and challenging issues in clinical ethics. (bcm.edu)

You will then be directed to an Ethics Committee member who can provide consultation. (mnpsych.org)

As the first step in our consultation process, we launched a survey to collect the views of the sector on what changes need to be made to the Code of Ethics. (museumsassociation.org)
In addition to these organizational benefits, applying a prescribed ethics process to an essentially idiosyncratic system of patient care enables health providers to address numerous ethical issues that may interfere with effective patient care. (americanbar.org)
In re Quinlan , 355 A.2d 647 (N.J. 1976), was the first case to adopt the notion that a health care facility could establish an ethics committee to act as an alternative to the more traditional probate court process for determining a patient's interests concerning end of life care. (americanbar.org)

The MA is undertaking a review of its Code of Ethics in full consultation with the museum sector and key stakeholders. (museumsassociation.org)
Periodically it is appropriate to review and revise IMC's Ethics and Reconciliation Council procedures and its Teachers' Code of Ethics. (insightmeditationcenter.org)
Finally, there is a review of learning contract responsibilities, case consultation, providing useful and meaningful feedback to those with whom one is consulting, the use and documentation of adjunct consultants, and ethical considerations. (associationdatabase.com)
The NIEHS' bioethicist, David B. Resnik, J.D., Ph.D ., works closely with the NIEHS Ethics Office, the NIEHS Institutional Review Board, the NIEHS Office of Human Research and Community Engagement (OHRCE), and the NIEHS Office of the Scientific Director to develop institutional policies that promote research integrity and compliance with federal research policies and regulations. (nih.gov)
Research protocols have to be adapted to the context and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), which review the ethics of proposed health research at academic centers and public health agencies, have to be capable of rapid response. (cdc.gov)

The recommendations that result from the consultation are non-binding, meaning that the researcher may choose to follow the recommendation, or to pursue a different approach. (wikipedia.org)
It is not clear how often a recommendation is issued in ethics consultations and when and why this step is taken. (biomedcentral.com)
Our aim was to better understand why-and under what circumstances-some consultation requests result in a recommendation, whereas others can be sufficiently addressed solely by facilitated meetings. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite this recommendation, consultations usually involve only 1 or 2 of a set of select members of the ethics committee. (ama-assn.org)

This paper presents the results of collaboration within the CTSA consortium to develop a standard approach to the collection of research ethics consultation information to serve as a foundation for quality improvement, education, and research efforts. (elsevierpure.com)
The Fogarty International Bioethics Training Program aims to increase the number of research intensive institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that can provide advanced education in international research ethics. (nih.gov)

To support the consultation period, we are hosting six workshops. (hcpc-uk.org)
A patient, parent (or other family member or decision-maker), or any health care professional involved in the care of a patient may request ethics support at no charge. (childrenshospital.org)
The Office of Ethics provides both ethics support as well as more formal consultations upon request. (childrenshospital.org)
The Bioethics Program is a part of the NIEHS' Ethics Program that provides educational, scholarly, and administrative support for research integrity at the NIEHS. (nih.gov)

The College of Policing is inviting members of the Police Federation of England and Wales (PFEW) to have their say on its updated Code of Ethics. (polfed.org)
Take a look at the proposed Code of Ethics on the College of Policing website and contribute to the consultation by completing the online questionnaire by 28 April. (polfed.org)
This event is for you if you have an interest in the ethical standards of the museum sector in relation to collections and wish to shape what the MA's revised Code of Ethics should look like. (museumsassociation.org)
It is based on the Code of Ethics issued in 2006 by the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) (2006 IESBA Code). (acra.gov.sg)
The main focus of mental health care code of ethics is to recognize the dignity and worth of an individual seeking assistance. (ontarioshores.ca)

If an acceptable path forward cannot be agreed upon, an ethics consultation can be requested by parents (or other decision-makers), family members, the patient, or any health care provider. (childrenshospital.org)
Ethics consultations and recommendations are advisory only, and final decision-making remains with the patient, parents (or other decision-makers), and the health care team. (childrenshospital.org)

To request an ethics consultation, please call the MPA office at (952) 928-4657. (mnpsych.org)

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Humanities18

Information Science1

Named Groups3

Health Care22

Ethics consultation on demand: concepts, practical experiences and a case study. (1/42)

Clinical ethics support services in the UK: an investigation of the current provision of ethics support to health professionals in the UK. (2/42)

The Freiburg approach to ethics consultation: process, outcome and competencies. (3/42)

What triggers requests for ethics consultations? (4/42)

Electronic communication in ethics committees: experience and challenges. (5/42)

Snapshots of five clinical ethics committees in the UK. (6/42)

Clinical ethics revisited. (7/42)

A national survey of U.S. internists' experiences with ethical dilemmas and ethics consultation. (8/42)

Ethics Consultation

Ethicists

Ethics, Clinical

Ethics Committees

Ethics Committees, Clinical

Ethics, Medical

Ethics, Research

Medical Futility

Referral and Consultation

Withholding Treatment

Mandatory Programs

Codes of Ethics

Ethics

Conflict (Psychology)

Consultants

Ethics, Nursing

Internal Medicine

Ethics Committees, Research

Ethics, Professional

Professional Competence

Ethics, Institutional

Organizational Policy

Principle-Based Ethics

Terminal Care

Intensive Care

Ethical Theory

Physicians

Remote Consultation

Bioethical Issues

Decision Making

Ethics, Dental

Ethical Analysis

Ethics consultation on demand: concepts, practical experiences and a case study. (1/42)

Clinical ethics support services in the UK: an investigation of the current provision of ethics support to health professionals in the UK. (2/42)

The Freiburg approach to ethics consultation: process, outcome and competencies. (3/42)

What triggers requests for ethics consultations? (4/42)

Electronic communication in ethics committees: experience and challenges. (5/42)

Snapshots of five clinical ethics committees in the UK. (6/42)

Clinical ethics revisited. (7/42)

A national survey of U.S. internists' experiences with ethical dilemmas and ethics consultation. (8/42)

Bioethics Consultation Service9

Biostatistics2

Biomedical7

Practice9

Committees5

Ethicist3

Allied health1

Conduct8

Guidance4

Available 241

Principles5

Ethicists3

Methods2

Ethical dilemmas3

Researchers2

Casebook1

Approach to ethics2

Physicians6

Services11

Clinicians3

Webinar2

Healthcare3

19981

Medical12

Public consultation3

Individuals3

Foundational2

Rounds1

Service10

Hospitals1

Fellows2

ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS1

Amendments1

Patients2

Faculty2

Provide consultation1

Process3

Review5

Recommendation4

Education2