Ethical Review
Ethics Committees, Research
Ethics Committees
Professional Staff Committees
Therapeutic Human Experimentation
Baltic States
Ethics, Professional
Animal Rights
Bioethical Issues
Ethics, Research
Informed Consent
Biomedical Research
Ethics, Medical
Congresses as Topic
International Cooperation
Argentina
Clinical Trials as Topic
Research
Research, ethics and conflicts of interest. (1/94)
In this paper, I have tried to develop a critique of committee procedures and conflict of interest within research advisory committees and ethical review committees (ERCs). There are specific features of conflict of interest in medical research. Scientists, communities and the subjects of research all have legitimate stakeholdings. The interests of medical scientists are particularly complex, since they are justified by the moral and physical welfare of their research subjects, while the reputations and incomes of scientists depend on the success of their science. Tensions of this kind must at times produce conflict of interest. It is important to recognise that conflicts of interest may unwittingly lead to manipulation of research subjects and their lay representatives on research committees. It is equally important to recognise distinctions between the legal and moral aspects of conflict of interest. Some practical suggestions are made which may go some way towards resolving these difficulties. They indicate what might be needed to ensure the validity of ethical discourse, and to reduce the risks associated with conflict of interest. (+info)Performance of research ethics committees in Spain. A prospective study of 100 applications for clinical trial protocols on medicines. (2/94)
OBJECTIVES: To review the characteristics and performance of research ethics committees in Spain in the evaluation of multicentre clinical trial drug protocols. DESIGN: A prospective study of 100 applications. SETTING: Forty-one committees reviewing clinical trial protocols, involving 50 hospitals in 25 cities. MAIN MEASURES: Protocol-related features, characteristics of research ethics committees and evaluation dynamics. RESULTS: The 100 applications involved 15 protocols (of which 12 were multinational) with 12 drugs. Committees met monthly (except one). They had a mean number of 12 members, requested a mean of six complete dossiers and nine additional copies of the protocol with a mean deadline of 14 days before the meeting. All applications were approved except three (two of the three were open-label long-term safety trials rejected by the same committee), which were approved by the other committees involved. The mean time from submission to approval was 64 days. The mean time from submission to arrival of the approval document at our offices was 85 days. Twenty-five committees raised queries for 38 of the 97 finally approved applications. Impact of evaluation fee, number of members, queries raised and experience of committees on timings were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Obtaining ethical approval is time-consuming. There is much diversity in the research ethics committees' performance. A remarkable delay (> 20 days) exists between the decision and the arrival of the written approval, suggesting administrative or organisational problems. (+info)Responses by four Local Research Ethics Committees to submitted proposals. (3/94)
BACKGROUND: There is relatively little research concerning the processes whereby Local Research Ethics Committees discharge their responsibilities towards society, potential participants and investigators. OBJECTIVES: To examine the criteria used by LRECs in arriving at their decisions concerning approval of research protocols through an analysis of letters sent to investigators. DESIGN: Four LRECs each provided copies of 50 letters sent to investigators after their submitted proposals had been considered by the committees. These letters were subjected to a content analysis, in which specific comments and requests for additional information and changes in the protocols were recorded and compared. FINDINGS: Overall 24% of proposals were approved without request for changes or clarifications, but this varied by committee: one committee approved only 6% of proposals without change or clarification while the others ranged from 26% to 32%. The content analyses of responses indicated that they could be placed into four categories: (i) further information for the committee to aid in their deliberations; (ii) requests for changes to the design or justification for the design used; (iii) changes to the information sheets provided to potential participants; and (iv) changes to consent procedures. Of these, alterations to information sheets were the most common type of request. These four types of response could be seen as safeguarding the wellbeing of potential participants (the principle of non-maleficence), of promoting the scientific validity of the research (the principle of beneficence), and of enhancing the rights of potential participants (the principle of autonomy). CONCLUSIONS: The committees were consistent in the types of requests they made of investigators, which can be seen as attempts to protect participants' rights and ensure the scientific validity of studies. Without an analysis of the proposals sent to the committees, however, it is difficult to account for the variation in the requirements set by the committees before approval was given. (+info)Ethical considerations in international HIV vaccine trials: summary of a consultative process conducted by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (4/94)
Research that is initiated, designed or funded by sponsor agencies based in countries with relatively high social and economic development, and conducted in countries that are relatively less developed, gives rise to many important ethical challenges. Although clinical trials of HIV vaccines began ten years ago in the US and Europe, an increasing number of trials are now being conducted or planned in other countries, including several that are considered "developing" countries. Safeguarding the rights and welfare of individuals participating as research subjects in developing countries is a priority. In September, 1997, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) embarked on a process of international consultation; its purpose was further to define the important ethical issues and to formulate guidance that might facilitate the ethical design and conduct of HIV vaccine trials in international contexts. This paper summarises the major outcomes of the UNAIDS consultative process. (+info)The new system of review by multicentre research ethics committees: prospective study. (5/94)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the function of the new system of review by multicentre research ethics committees and to highlight areas where improvement is still needed. DESIGN: Prospectively collected data from a multicentre study was examined with respect to the ethics review process. Administrative, financial, and time elements of the review process were audited. SETTING: A single multicentre research ethics committee and 125 local ethics committees from six regions of England. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time to reply, time to approval, and number of non-local changes to the application requested. RESULTS: Only 40% of local ethics committees considered our study in the manner specified in the 1998 directive. Less than a third of committees replied within the 21 day period stipulated, although committees acting by executive subcommittee replied more quickly than those not acting by executive subcommittee. There was a tendency for executive subcommittees to approve studies in a shorter time. Local ethics committees asked for a large number of non-local changes to the application. The financial cost of applying to multiple ethics committees remains high, mainly because multiple copies of research applications are being requested. CONCLUSIONS: The new system of approval by multicentre research ethics committee for multicentre studies was introduced to reduce administrative costs, speed up the process of reviews by multiple research ethics committees, and standardise the conclusions of the local research ethics committees. Since its introduction an improvement has been seen, but the system is not yet universally functioning as intended. Ethics review still remains a hindrance to the financial resources and commencement of national studies. We strongly support the structure of review by multicentre research ethics committees but suggest that the system has yet to achieve its aims. (+info)Should local research ethics committees monitor research they have approved? (6/94)
The function of local research ethics committees is to consider the ethics of research proposals using human participants. After approval has been given, there is no comprehensive system in place to monitor research and ensure that recommendations are carried out. Some suggest that research ethics committees are ideally placed to fulfil this function by carrying out random monitoring of research they have reviewed. The health service guideline creating local research ethics committees is under review. This paper suggests that increasing the monitoring role of ethics committees in the present climate would be inappropriate. This is due to the large workload of the committees, their voluntary nature and the change a monitoring role might cause to the relationship between researcher and ethics committee, which might herald an increasing recourse to judicial review. A radical overhaul of the system would be necessary in order for ethics committees adequately to fulfil a monitoring function. (+info)The case for a new system for oversight of research on human subjects. (7/94)
The increasing emphasis on evidence-based clinical practice has thrown into sharp focus multiple deficiencies in current systems of ethical review. This paper argues that a complete overhaul of systems for ethical oversight of studies involving human subjects is now required as developments in medical, epidemiological and genetic research have outstripped existing structures for ethical supervision. It shows that many problems are now evident and concludes that sequential and piecemeal amendments to present arrangements are inadequate to address these. At their core present systems of ethical review still rely on the integrity and judgment of individual investigators. One possible alternative is to train and license research investigators, make explicit their responsibilities and have ethics committees devote much more of their time to monitoring research activity in order to detect those infringing the rules. (+info)Ethics review for sale? Conflict of interest and commercial research review boards. (8/94)
Research review boards, established to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects, have to ensure that conflicts of interest do not interfere with the ethical conduct of medical research. Private, commercial review boards, which increasingly review research protocols, are themselves affected by a structural conflict of interest. Within the regulatory setting, procedural conflict-of-interest rules are essential because of the absence of clear substantive rules in research review and the reliance on the fairness and good judgment of institutional review board members. Current guidelines and regulations lack adequate conflict-of-interest rules and provide insufficient details on the substantive rules. Because commercial review boards are similar to administrative courts and tribunals, rules of administrative law on bias are applied to determine when a conflict of interest jeopardizes the purposes of research review; administrative law has always judged financial conflicts of interest severely. The structure of private review tends to breach a core principle of administrative law and procedural justice. Reform of the research review system will reinforce public trust in the process. (+info)An ethical review is the process of evaluating and assessing a research study or project that involves human participants, medical interventions, or personal data, to ensure that it is conducted in accordance with ethical principles and standards. The purpose of an ethical review is to protect the rights and welfare of the participants and to minimize any potential harm or risks associated with the research.
The ethical review is typically conducted by an independent committee called an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Research Ethics Committee (REC), or Ethics Review Board (ERB). The committee reviews the study protocol, informed consent procedures, recruitment methods, data collection and management plans, and potential conflicts of interest.
The ethical review process is guided by several key principles, including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. These principles require that researchers obtain informed consent from participants, avoid causing harm, minimize risks, maximize benefits, and ensure fairness in the selection and treatment of research participants.
Overall, an ethical review is a critical component of responsible conduct in research and helps to ensure that studies are conducted with integrity, transparency, and respect for the rights and welfare of human participants.
An Ethics Committee for Research, also known as an Institutional Review Board (IRB), is a group that has been formally designated to review, approve, monitor, and revise biomedical and behavioral research involving humans. The purpose of the committee is to ensure that the rights and welfare of the participants are protected and that the risks involved in the research are minimized and reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits.
The committee typically includes members with various backgrounds, including scientists, non-scientists, and community members. They review the research protocol, informed consent documents, and any other relevant materials to ensure that they meet ethical standards and regulations. The committee also monitors the progress of the research to ensure that it continues to be conducted in an ethical manner.
The role of ethics committees for research is critical in protecting human subjects from harm and ensuring that research is conducted with integrity, respect, and transparency.
Human experimentation is a branch of medical research that involves conducting experiments on human subjects. According to the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki, which sets ethical standards for medical research involving human subjects, human experimentation is defined as "systematic study designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge."
Human experimentation can take many forms, including clinical trials of new drugs or medical devices, observational studies, and interventional studies. In all cases, the principles of informed consent, risk minimization, and respect for the autonomy and dignity of the research subjects must be strictly adhered to.
Human experimentation has a controversial history, with many instances of unethical practices and abuse, such as the notorious Tuskegee syphilis study in which African American men were deliberately left untreated for syphilis without their informed consent. As a result, there are strict regulations and guidelines governing human experimentation to ensure that it is conducted ethically and with the utmost respect for the rights and welfare of research subjects.
Ethics committees, also known as institutional review boards (IRBs), are groups responsible for reviewing and approving research studies involving human subjects. The primary goal of these committees is to ensure that the rights and welfare of study participants are protected, and that the research is conducted in an ethical manner.
Ethics committees typically consist of a diverse group of individuals with expertise in various fields, such as medicine, law, ethics, and community representation. They review the proposed research protocol, informed consent documents, and other relevant materials to ensure that they meet ethical standards and regulations.
The committee assesses several key factors when reviewing a study, including:
1. Risks vs. benefits: The potential risks of the study must be minimized and reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits.
2. Informed consent: Participants must be adequately informed about the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits, and provide their voluntary consent.
3. Selection and recruitment: Participants should be selected fairly and without discrimination, and recruitment methods should be unbiased.
4. Confidentiality: The privacy and confidentiality of participants' information must be protected throughout the study.
5. Monitoring and reporting: There should be mechanisms in place for monitoring the study's progress and ensuring that any adverse events are reported and addressed promptly.
Ethics committees play a critical role in protecting human subjects and upholding ethical standards in research. They provide oversight and guidance to researchers, helping to ensure that studies are conducted with integrity and respect for participants' rights and welfare.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Professional Staff Committees" is not a medical term or concept. Instead, it likely refers to committees made up of professional staff members in a hospital, healthcare organization, or other professional setting. These committees typically consist of department heads, managers, and other experienced professionals who collaborate on various aspects of organizational operations, such as policy-making, quality improvement, patient care standards, and staff development. They serve as platforms for discussion, decision-making, and problem-solving to ensure the smooth functioning and continuous improvement of the organization's services.
Therapeutic human experimentation, also known as clinical research or clinical trials, is a branch of medical research that involves the testing of new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures on human subjects. The goal of this type of research is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these interventions in order to determine whether they should be approved for use in clinical practice.
The term "therapeutic" is used to distinguish this type of research from non-therapeutic research, which does not involve direct medical benefit to the participant. In therapeutic human experimentation, participants may receive some potential direct medical benefit from their participation, although they may also experience risks or side effects.
Therapeutic human experimentation is subject to strict ethical guidelines and regulations, including informed consent, risk-benefit analysis, and independent review by ethics committees or institutional review boards (IRBs). These safeguards are designed to protect the rights and welfare of research participants and ensure that the research is conducted in a responsible and transparent manner.
The Baltic States, also known as the Baltic countries, refer to a geopolitical region in Northern Europe that comprises three sovereign states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. These nations are located along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, hence their name. The term "Baltic States" became widely used during the 20th century to refer to these countries, which share historical, cultural, and linguistic ties.
It is important to note that the Baltic States should not be confused with the geographical region known as the Baltic region or Balticum, which includes parts of Russia, Poland, Belarus, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark, in addition to the three Baltic States.
The medical relevance of the Baltic States may include:
1. Sharing similar public health issues and challenges due to geographical proximity and historical context.
2. Collaboration in medical research, education, and healthcare policies.
3. Participation in international health organizations and agreements.
4. Exposure to common environmental factors that might impact public health, such as pollution in the Baltic Sea.
Professional ethics in the medical field are a set of principles that guide physicians and other healthcare professionals in their interactions with patients, colleagues, and society. These ethical standards are based on values such as respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. They help to ensure that medical professionals provide high-quality care that is safe, effective, and respectful of patients' rights and dignity.
Some key principles of professional ethics in medicine include:
1. Respect for autonomy: Healthcare professionals should respect patients' right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, including the right to refuse treatment.
2. Non-maleficence: Medical professionals have a duty to avoid causing harm to their patients. This includes avoiding unnecessary tests or treatments that may cause harm or waste resources.
3. Beneficence: Healthcare professionals have a duty to act in the best interests of their patients and to promote their well-being.
4. Justice: Medical professionals should treat all patients fairly and without discrimination, and should work to ensure that healthcare resources are distributed equitably.
5. Confidentiality: Medical professionals have a duty to keep patient information confidential, unless the patient gives permission to share it or there is a legal or ethical obligation to disclose it.
6. Professional competence: Medical professionals have a duty to maintain their knowledge and skills, and to provide care that meets accepted standards of practice.
7. Honesty and integrity: Medical professionals should be honest and truthful in their interactions with patients, colleagues, and other stakeholders. They should avoid conflicts of interest and should disclose any potential conflicts to patients and others.
8. Responsibility to society: Medical professionals have a responsibility to contribute to the health and well-being of society as a whole, including advocating for policies that promote public health and addressing health disparities.
"Animal rights" is a term that refers to the philosophical and moral stance that non-human animals have inherent value and basic rights to live free from exploitation, harm, and unnecessary suffering. This perspective holds that animals are not merely property or resources for human use, but sentient beings capable of experiencing pleasure and pain, just like humans.
The concept of animal rights is often associated with the abolitionist movement, which advocates for an end to all forms of animal exploitation, including farming, hunting, fishing, entertainment, experimentation, and clothing production. Instead, proponents of animal rights argue that animals should be treated with respect and compassion, and that their interests and well-being should be considered on par with those of humans.
It is important to note that the concept of animal rights can vary in scope and specifics, with some advocates focusing on certain species or issues, while others take a more comprehensive approach. Ultimately, the goal of the animal rights movement is to promote a more just and equitable relationship between humans and animals, based on respect for their inherent worth and dignity.
Bioethical issues refer to the ethical dilemmas and challenges that arise in biological research, healthcare, and medical technology. These issues often involve conflicts between scientific or medical advancements and moral, social, legal, and cultural values. Examples of bioethical issues include:
1. End-of-life care: Decisions about life-sustaining treatments, such as artificial nutrition and hydration, mechanical ventilation, and do-not-resuscitate orders, can raise ethical questions about the quality of life, patient autonomy, and the role of healthcare providers.
2. Genetic testing and screening: The use of genetic information for medical decision-making, predictive testing, and reproductive choices can have significant implications for individuals, families, and society, raising concerns about privacy, discrimination, and informed consent.
3. Organ transplantation: Issues surrounding organ donation and allocation, such as fairness, scarcity, and the definition of death, can create ethical dilemmas that require careful consideration of medical, legal, and moral principles.
4. Stem cell research: The use of embryonic stem cells for research and therapy raises questions about the moral status of embryos, potential therapeutic benefits, and the role of government in regulating scientific research.
5. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART): Techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy, and gamete donation can challenge traditional notions of family, parenthood, and reproduction, leading to debates about the rights and interests of children, parents, and society.
6. Mental health treatment: The use of psychotropic medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and other interventions for mental illness can raise concerns about patient autonomy, informed consent, and the balance between therapeutic benefits and potential risks.
7. Public health emergencies: Responses to infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, and other public health crises can involve difficult decisions about resource allocation, individual rights, and the role of government in protecting population health.
8. Research involving human subjects: The ethical conduct of clinical trials, observational studies, and other research that involves human participants requires careful consideration of issues such as informed consent, risk-benefit analysis, and respect for participant autonomy and privacy.
9. Health care access and financing: Debates about health care reform, insurance coverage, and affordability can raise questions about the role of government in ensuring access to essential medical services, the balance between individual rights and social responsibility, and the ethical implications of rationing limited resources.
10. Global health ethics: Issues such as international cooperation, resource distribution, and cultural sensitivity can challenge traditional notions of global justice, human rights, and the responsibilities of wealthy nations to address health disparities in low- and middle-income countries.
Research ethics refers to the principles and guidelines that govern the conduct of research involving human participants or animals. The overarching goal of research ethics is to ensure that research is conducted in a way that respects the autonomy, dignity, and well-being of all those involved. Research ethics are designed to prevent harm, promote fairness, and maintain trust between researchers and study participants.
Some key principles of research ethics include:
1. Respect for Persons: This means treating all individuals with respect and dignity, and recognizing their autonomy and right to make informed decisions about participating in research.
2. Beneficence: Researchers have a duty to maximize the benefits of research while minimizing potential harms.
3. Justice: Research should be conducted fairly, without discrimination or bias, and should benefit all those who are affected by it.
4. Confidentiality: Researchers must protect the privacy and confidentiality of study participants, including their personal information and data.
5. Informed Consent: Participants must give their voluntary and informed consent to participate in research, after being fully informed about the nature of the study, its risks and benefits, and their rights as a participant.
Research ethics are typically overseen by institutional review boards (IRBs) or research ethics committees (RECs), which review research proposals and monitor ongoing studies to ensure that they comply with ethical guidelines. Researchers who violate these guidelines may face sanctions, including loss of funding, suspension or revocation of their research privileges, or legal action.
Informed consent is a process in medical care where patients are provided with all relevant information about their health status, proposed treatments, potential risks and benefits, and alternative options. This allows patients to make informed decisions regarding their healthcare and understand the consequences of their choices. The process includes ensuring that the patient has adequate mental capacity to make such decisions, is fully aware of the implications, and gives their voluntary agreement for the proposed treatment or procedure. It's a fundamental principle in medical ethics and is required by law in many jurisdictions to protect patients' rights.
Biomedical research is a branch of scientific research that involves the study of biological processes and diseases in order to develop new treatments and therapies. This type of research often involves the use of laboratory techniques, such as cell culture and genetic engineering, as well as clinical trials in humans. The goal of biomedical research is to advance our understanding of how living organisms function and to find ways to prevent and treat various medical conditions. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including molecular biology, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, and neuroscience, among others. Ultimately, the aim of biomedical research is to improve human health and well-being.
Medical ethics is a branch of ethics that deals with moral issues in medical care, research, and practice. It provides a framework for addressing questions related to patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, distributive justice, beneficentia (doing good), and non-maleficence (not doing harm). Medical ethics also involves the application of ethical principles such as respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to specific medical cases and situations. It is a crucial component of medical education and practice, helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions that promote patient well-being while respecting their rights and dignity.
The term "Congresses as Topic" refers to large, formal meetings that are held to discuss and exchange information on a specific topic or field, usually academic or professional in nature. In the context of medical science, a congress is an event where healthcare professionals, researchers, and experts gather to present and discuss the latest research, developments, and innovations in their field. Medical congresses can cover a wide range of topics, including specific diseases, treatments, medical specialties, public health issues, or healthcare policies. These events often include keynote speeches, panel discussions, workshops, poster sessions, and networking opportunities for attendees. Examples of well-known medical congresses are the annual meetings of the American Medical Association, the American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "International Cooperation" is not a medical term. It refers to the collaboration and exchange of resources and information between countries or international organizations in various fields, including politics, economics, culture, environment, and security, among others. In the context of healthcare and medicine, international cooperation can involve joint research projects, sharing of data and clinical trial results, collaborative efforts to combat global health issues (such as infectious diseases or chronic conditions), capacity building in low-resource settings, and standardizing medical practices and guidelines across countries.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Argentina" is a country in South America and not a medical term or concept. The term "argyria" may be what you're looking for, which is a rare condition resulting from the accumulation of silver compounds in the body, causing the skin to turn blue-gray. However, Argentina and argyria are two distinct terms with different meanings.
Clinical trials are research studies that involve human participants and are designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or behavioral interventions. The purpose of clinical trials is to determine whether a new intervention is safe, effective, and beneficial for patients, as well as to compare it with currently available treatments. Clinical trials follow a series of phases, each with specific goals and criteria, before a new intervention can be approved by regulatory authorities for widespread use.
Clinical trials are conducted according to a protocol, which is a detailed plan that outlines the study's objectives, design, methodology, statistical analysis, and ethical considerations. The protocol is developed and reviewed by a team of medical experts, statisticians, and ethicists, and it must be approved by an institutional review board (IRB) before the trial can begin.
Participation in clinical trials is voluntary, and participants must provide informed consent before enrolling in the study. Informed consent involves providing potential participants with detailed information about the study's purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and alternatives, as well as their rights as research subjects. Participants can withdraw from the study at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which they are entitled.
Clinical trials are essential for advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care. They help researchers identify new treatments, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies that can benefit patients and improve public health. However, clinical trials also pose potential risks to participants, including adverse effects from experimental interventions, time commitment, and inconvenience. Therefore, it is important for researchers to carefully design and conduct clinical trials to minimize risks and ensure that the benefits outweigh the risks.
Research, in the context of medicine, is a systematic and rigorous process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information in order to increase our understanding, develop new knowledge, or evaluate current practices and interventions. It can involve various methodologies such as observational studies, experiments, surveys, or literature reviews. The goal of medical research is to advance health care by identifying new treatments, improving diagnostic techniques, and developing prevention strategies. Medical research is typically conducted by teams of researchers including clinicians, scientists, and other healthcare professionals. It is subject to ethical guidelines and regulations to ensure that it is conducted responsibly and with the best interests of patients in mind.
Ethical consumerism
Ethical eating
Ethical Intuitionism (book)
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Ethical socialism
The Ethical Debating Society
Ethical leadership
Ethical Relativity
Ethical banking
Ethical pot
Ethical will
President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Ethical Toy Program
Ethical Consumer
Ethical guidelines for treating trauma survivors
British Society for Ethical Theory
Union for Ethical Biotrade
J. Howard Moore
Fast fashion
Cinema Paradiso (company)
Scientific literature
Effects of NAFTA on Mexico
The Ethics of Diet
Communication ethics
Geoffrey Claussen
Australian Venue Co.
Whistleblowing
Susan Himmelweit
Karl Duncker
Moral blindness
Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform
Building ethical thinking into technology | MIT Technology Review
Review/Preview: Ethical True Crime Podcasts | All Of It | WNYC
The Review | Creating an ethical culture
Money, Southwark Playhouse online review - ethical dilemmas for the Zoom generation
A Simple Guide to Ethical Co-Authorship | LSE Review of Books
An Outline of Locke's Ethical Philosophy - W. F. Willcox - The Philosophical Review (Philosophy Documentation Center)
Structured Ethical Review for Wastewater-Based Testing | medRxiv
Ethical principles and the HFEA's donation review - Lancaster EPrints
Nurses Australia's most ethical profession | Nursing Review
Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements ...
Guidelines for ethical review in human sciences | Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK
Nurturing a Successful Business Through a Stable and Ethical System - The European Financial Review
ERIC - EJ1169504 - An Evaluation of Occupational Ethical Values of Geography Teacher Candidates in Turkey, Educational Research...
TopFX Review: Trade Forex With An Ethical Broker
Book Review: Culturally Relevant Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling - Counselling Connection
Ethical Voters and Costly Information Acquisition | Kellogg School of Management
The Apostle Paul and the Christian Life: Ethical and Missional Implications of the New Perspective - eBook: Scot McKnight,...
Colin Firth | Livia Firth curates ethical range for Marks and Spencer | Contactmusic.com
Business and Society: Ethical, Legal, and Digital Environments by Cynthia E. Clark, Kabrina K. Chang, Sean P. Melvin | eBook ...
Super Soldiers: The Ethical, Legal and Social Implications - 1st Editi
Pivotal Code Of Ethical Violations | ipl.org
Ethical Hacking University App on the App Store
The Late Foucault: Ethical and Political Questions: Re-inventing Philosophy as a Way of Life Marta Faustino Bloomsbury Academic
Lyrical and Ethical Subjects | State University of New York Press
WormGPT Is a ChatGPT Alternative With 'No Ethical Boundaries or Limitations' | PCMag
Lecture Course in Ethical and Political Philosophy : Richard Dien Winfield : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet...
Ethical hacker: Train for one of the most in-demand cybersecurity jobs | TechRepublic
Is It Ethical? 101 Scenarios in Everyday Social Work Practice - SocialWorker.com
Ethical hacking creates big bug bounties - Video | ZDNET
Pattaya: Ethical Elephant Sanctuary Interactive Tour | GetYourGuide
Considerations7
- Expanding counsellors' knowledge base to include philosophical and moral considerations has the potential to do much more than strengthen their capacity to make ethical decisions and conduct themselves as ethical professionals. (counsellingconnection.com)
- The widespread development of political consumerism is hampered by substantial mundane consumption, which does not afford reflective choice, along with complexities of everyday life, which demand negotiations between conflicting moral and ethical considerations. (wikipedia.org)
- Ethical considerations in gene selection for reproductive carrier screening. (cdc.gov)
- There is a lot of good in knowing, but there is also a lot of downs': public views on ethical considerations in population genomic screening. (cdc.gov)
- The faculty has also established a work-group on ethical considerations, led by the Pro Dean. (lu.se)
- For questions about ethical considerations, please contact Pro Dean Titti Mattsson, Professor Christian Dahlman or Professor Vilhelm Persson. (lu.se)
- Recommended practices and ethical considerations for natural language processing-assisted observational research: A scoping review. (bvsalud.org)
20231
- Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements (as amended to 15 March 2023 ) is set out in paragraphs 1 to A6. (legislation.gov.au)
20223
- Ethical hacking is one of the most in-demand cybersecurity jobs today, and getting The 2022 Ultimate Ethical Hacking Super-Sized Certification Prep Bundle is a great first step to break into this lucrative industry. (techrepublic.com)
- Right now, you can get The 2022 Ultimate Ethical Hacking Super-Sized Certification Prep Bundle for just $34, which is 98% off the regular price. (techrepublic.com)
- The research study has been reviewed and published in Economics Letters during autumn 2022. (lu.se)
Dilemmas3
- Examining the implications and consequences of competent multicultural counselling, they present ethical dilemmas arising in face-to-face counselling interactions and supervisory relationships. (counsellingconnection.com)
- Review of: The Human Genome Project and Minority Communities - Ethical, Social, and Political Dilemmas (Raymond A. Zilinskas & Peter J. Balint eds. (unh.edu)
- As wearable sensors become more commonplace and useful for monitoring employee safety and health, values conflict and ethical dilemmas arise that need to be addressed. (cdc.gov)
Implications5
- I'm the author/artist and I want to review The Apostle Paul and the Christian Life: Ethical and Missional Implications of the New Perspective - eBook . (christianbook.com)
- His work revolves around military strategy and the ethical, legal and social implications of emerging technologies. (routledge.com)
- This work will help prevent us from having to play catch up when it comes to addressing the ethical and social implications of these fast-moving developments. (routledge.com)
- There will be wide-ranging ethical implications as genomics shifts from within the medical paradigm to population-level programs. (cdc.gov)
- In order for the web to continue to be beneficial to society, we need to consider the ethical implications of our work when we build web technologies, applications, and sites. (w3.org)
Sustainable3
- s the first bank in Germany and the Eurozone to introduce comprehensive financial products and services according to the ethical, sustainable and transparent Islamic banking principles, KT Bank AG continues to be a pioneer and leader in Islamic finance. (europeanfinancialreview.com)
- After being handed bananas and sugar cane to feed to the elephants, walk with your guide through the sanctuary, discovering free-roaming elephants in a safe, sustainable and ethical environment, and hearing their individual stories. (getyourguide.com)
- Ethical consumerism (alternatively called ethical consumption, ethical purchasing, moral purchasing, ethical sourcing, or ethical shopping and also associated with sustainable and green consumerism) is a type of consumer activism based on the concept of dollar voting. (wikipedia.org)
Guidelines13
- In 2009, the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK published the first national guidelines on the ethical principles of research in the humanities and social and behavioural sciences and proposals for ethical review in Finland. (tenk.fi)
- Research organisations that have undertaken to comply with the guidelines also have an obligation to organise ethical review for human sciences research in accordance with these guidelines. (tenk.fi)
- The guidelines have been drawn up so that the ethical principles, where applicable, support the application of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679) (GDPR). (tenk.fi)
- The ethical guidelines were updated by a working group formed by TENK, chaired by Development Manager Arja Kuula-Luumi (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). (tenk.fi)
- The ethical principles of research with human participants described in these guidelines are applied to research on humans and human behaviour. (tenk.fi)
- The guidelines for ethical review in research with human participants are intended for research designs where ethical review is not regulated separately in the Medical Research Act (488/1999). (tenk.fi)
- Ethical guidelines have been reinforced to protect the people from any psychological or physical damage. (ipl.org)
- Through examining these scenarios on their own and discussing them with classmates and others, they will become more familiar with the ethical guidelines and standards that they are or will be required to follow as professional social workers. (socialworker.com)
- We will explore the AAA and ASHA Codes of Ethics, state ethical guidelines contained in several state licensure laws, Medicare, HIPAA, the FDA Guidelines, Stark laws, and Anti-kickback laws and explain, in detail, how they relate to specific scenarios we encounter in audiology. (audiologyonline.com)
- On 2019-05-29, the Faculty Board decided on guidelines on ethical review. (lu.se)
- Guidelines on ethical review are included in the section for the Faculty's strategies and guidelines. (lu.se)
- Surveying and evaluating ethical review practices : a complementary guideline to the operational guidelines for ethics committees that review biomedical research. (who.int)
- However, the globalization of research is raising concerns among African experts whether current regulations and guidelines can protect research subjects from ethical malpractices. (who.int)
Issues14
- Culturally Relevant Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling presents a hermeneutic orientation and framework to address contextual issues in ethical decision-making in counselling and psychotherapy. (counsellingconnection.com)
- Emphasizing that ethical decision making is an ongoing process with no easy answers, the book offers a paradigm for decision-making and provides readers with the knowledge and understanding they need to effectively think through issues. (counsellingconnection.com)
- The author team discusses legal and ethical issues throughout and uses real-world cases to provide students with a holistic understanding of stakeholder issues. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Her areas of research specialisation are ethics and applied ethics, with a particular interest in ethical issues in emerging science and technology, including in the spheres of biotechnology, reproduction, and surgical innovation. (routledge.com)
- His sensitivity to language, his intimate knowledge of German philosophy, and his deep concern for ethical and political issues are united to give the reader an enriching and exhilarating experience. (sunypress.edu)
- Learn about the most common ethical and legal issues in PPC and what the industry needs to do to ensure oversight. (searchenginejournal.com)
- Other topics in the volume include ethical, legal, and social issues (e.g., genetic testing of minors, genetic discrimination, and obtaining informed consent for genomic testing), as well as the future of the profession. (cshlpress.com)
- contributed chapters offer extremely interesting discussion on the ethical, legal, and social issues related to genomics, while others describe available genetic testing procedures. (cshlpress.com)
- In her work, Ainsley draws on her background in bioethics, law and science to research the ethical and legal issues arising in genomics and health. (cdc.gov)
- Are there any new ethical issues occurring? (speakerdeck.com)
- 1) Identify no fewer than three ethical issues that are unique to the government context or that render their resolution more challenging. (div12.org)
- To ensure that innovation does not outpace thoughtful consideration of ethical issues, an ethical framework such as that proposed below can be used as a decision-making tool. (cdc.gov)
- To address these issues, we conducted a scoping review of NLP-assisted observational clinical studies and examined their reporting practices, focusing on NLP methodology and evaluation. (bvsalud.org)
- 4. Furthermore, the AIDS epidemic in Africa and the resurgence of malaria and tuberculosis have brought to the fore unique and urgent ethical, legal and social issues with regard to clinical research in the African countries. (who.int)
Practices2
- Encourage your co-authors to adopt ethical citation practices. (lse.ac.uk)
- Now to address the topic of ethical/unethical practices. (searchenginejournal.com)
Principles10
- The ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland. (tenk.fi)
- They brought together ethical principles governing non-medical research with human participants and provided guidance in organising the ethical review process. (tenk.fi)
- The first part describes the ethical principles of research with human participants. (tenk.fi)
- The second part describes the process of ethical review and the principles underlying ethical review conducted by ethics committees in the human sciences. (tenk.fi)
- TENK's ethical principles in the human sciences concern research ethics. (tenk.fi)
- These ethical principles do not as such apply as a guide to the application of data protection legislation or other legislation. (tenk.fi)
- The ethical principles for research with human participants have been drawn up by the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK, and they serve as a starting point for ethical review work carried out by ethics committees in the human sciences. (tenk.fi)
- The following document sets out ethical principles that will drive the W3C 's continuing work in this direction. (w3.org)
- This is a statement of the ethical principles of the W3C community. (w3.org)
- To promote the wide adoption and utilization of NLP solutions in clinical research , we outline several perspectives that align with the six principles released by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) that guide the ethical use of artificial intelligence for health . (bvsalud.org)
Unethical2
- In many cases, these transgressions are down to individual unethical behaviours, but they do raise questions about the cultures that allowed them to happen, as well as a wider query: if rules don't work, is it time for financial firms to look beyond compliance and regulations and consider instead how to introduce an overall ethical culture that drives their employees' behaviour? (cisi.org)
- This book provides students and professional social workers with 101 different everyday scenarios and challenges them to think about what the ethical and unethical choices might be in each situation. (socialworker.com)
Framework2
- To address this deficiency, an interdisciplinary group developed a framework for a structured ethical review of WBT. (medrxiv.org)
- The framework sets out key ethical objectives and values relevant to a decision. (cdc.gov)
Hacking19
- Either way, learn the basics and advanced skills of Cybersecurity and Hacking with this amazing app - Ethical Hacking University - Certifications and Courses. (apple.com)
- You will Learn Ethical Hacking Courses & get Certificates. (apple.com)
- This app is an Ethical Hacking University for all the Ethical Hackers who want to start their career in Cyber Security out there. (apple.com)
- In this Ethical Hacking Learning app, you can make use of the basic and advanced tutorials to improve your Ethical Hacking Skills and you can start your career in becoming an Ethical Hacker to help yourself, your loved ones, and also the corporates secure their customer data and their transactions. (apple.com)
- You can Learn Hacking Skills Online for Free with this Learn Ethical Hacking App. (apple.com)
- Do you want to be an Ethical Hacker to pursue a Hacking career? (apple.com)
- This Ethical Hacking learning app will help you get used to the basics of Cybersecurity and Hacking, so you can hone your skills in these actions. (apple.com)
- Learn online Hacking techniques with the Learn Ethical Hacking Certifications and Courses and Learn Ethical Hacking Courses & get Certificates for nothing. (apple.com)
- This Ethical Hacking learning app is a free online computer and Cybersecurity training network with intensive Hacking courses for beginner and advanced hackers. (apple.com)
- With a library covering topics such as Ethical Hacking, Advanced Penetration Testing, and Digital Hacking Forensics, this app is a great place to learn online Hacking skills. (apple.com)
- This is because the goal of our app is to make IT, Cybersecurity, Penetration Testing, and Ethical Hacking available to everyone, regardless of the situation. (apple.com)
- When embarking on a Hacking journey, it's important to understand what it means to be an Ethical Hacker. (apple.com)
- These training courses teach ethical hacking skills so you can get paid to help organizations navigate cybersecurity vulnerabilities. (techrepublic.com)
- Its new report shows that ethical hacking is becoming a lucrative pastime. (zdnet.com)
- Press Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Series is comprised of five books coverin. (wonderbk.com)
- Press Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Series is comprised of five books covering a broad base of topics in offensive network security, ethical hacking, and network defense and countermeasures. (wonderbk.com)
- Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures: Web Applications and Da. (wonderbk.com)
- Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures: Attack Phases (EC-Counc. (wonderbk.com)
- Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures: Secure Network Infrastr. (wonderbk.com)
Bioethics1
- and (2) ethical review of research involving human subjects, clinical research, bioethics and trials registration. (who.int)
Ethically3
- Focusing on the last stage of Foucault's thought, this book brings together international scholars to relaunch the critical debate on the significance of Foucault's so-called "ethical turn" and to discuss the ways in which the perspectives offered by Foucault in this period might help us to unravel modernity, giving us the tools to understand and transform our present, ethically and politically. (bloomsbury.com)
- Ethical Consumer's ratings tables awarded companies negative marks (and overall scores, starting in 2005) across a range of ethical and environmental categories such as "animal rights", "human rights", and "pollution and toxics", empowering consumers to make ethically informed consumption choices and providing campaigners with reliable information on corporate behaviour. (wikipedia.org)
- Kames Ethical Equity - can you make money investing ethically? (hl.co.uk)
Hacker3
- Why do you want to become an Ethical Hacker? (apple.com)
- Learn the skills to become an ethical hacker all from the comfort of your home. (techrepublic.com)
- By gaining a thorough understanding of how hackers operate, an Ethical Hacker will be able to set up strong countermeasures and defensive systems to protect an organization's critical infrastructure and information. (wonderbk.com)
Conduct1
- If you plan to conduct research involving people or the processing of personal data, you may need to apply for ethical permission under the Act Concerning the Ethical Review of Research Involving Humans. (lu.se)
Violations1
- Can any ethical violations occur if we implement this idea? (speakerdeck.com)
Philosophy1
- He is the author of On Germans and Other Greeks: Tragedy and Ethical Life and The Ubiquity of the Finite: Hegel, Heidegger, and the Entitlements of Philosophy . (sunypress.edu)
Content1
- This may influence how and where their products appear on our site, but vendors cannot pay to influence the content of our reviews. (techrepublic.com)
Webinar1
- In this webinar, Dr. Corey will discuss ethical challenges unique to working in the government context, as well as strategies for resolving them. (div12.org)
Hermeneutic2
- A wide-ranging attempt to develop a theory of ethical life from a hermeneutic understanding of language. (sunypress.edu)
- Dennis J. Schmidt develops a hermeneutic theory of language that forms the starting point for thinking through the concerns of ethical life. (sunypress.edu)
Perspectives1
- Authors Rick Houser, Felicia Wilczenski and MarryAnna Ham incorporate broad perspectives of ethical theories from Western, Eastern, Middle Eastern and Southern hemisphere perspectives. (counsellingconnection.com)
Research ethics1
- Ethical co-authorship is rarely discussed by authors and publishers, and even more rarely by research ethics committees. (lse.ac.uk)
Participants3
- Counsellors are active participants in the counselling process, and the intimate relational aspect of counselling such as ethical decision making requires that counsellors have an understanding of ethics that goes beyond a basic knowledge of counselling skills and ethical codes. (counsellingconnection.com)
- The IRB is a board that reviews any anticipated research and protects future participants by an imposing a federal law. (ipl.org)
- Standards and operational guidance for ethics review of health-related research with human participants. (who.int)
Argues4
- Therefore, he argues, to create an ethical culture you need an organisational setup that reflects universally shared moral values which Lawrence Kohlberg, a legendary US psychologist, identified we develop as we move from childhood into adulthood. (cisi.org)
- Out of the treatment of these experiences of language at its limits, the author argues that we find an opening upon the realm of ethical life that is truly beyond the calculus of good and evil. (sunypress.edu)
- However, in "From Ethical Consumerism to Political Consumption", author Nick Clarke argues that political consumerism allows for marginalized groups, such as women, to participate in political advocacy in non-bureaucratic ways that draw attention to governmental weaknesses. (wikipedia.org)
- In Unequal Freedoms: The Global Market As An Ethical System (1998), John McMurtry argues that all purchasing decisions imply some moral choice, and that there is no purchasing that is not ultimately moral in nature. (wikipedia.org)
Aspects2
- For authors setting out on a collaborative writing project, two key aspects to ethical co-authorship need consideration: ethical co-writing, and ethical co-publishing. (lse.ac.uk)
- Her other ongoing projects examine ethical aspects of the use of genomic technologies in prenatal testing, commercial influences in assisted reproduction and mitochondrial donation. (cdc.gov)
Innovation1
- Ethical Consumer magazine's key innovation was to produce "ratings tables", inspired by the criteria-based approach of the then-emerging ethical investment movement. (wikipedia.org)
Critical Review1
- The article proposes a critical review about suicide and ethical conflicts concerning the subject. (bvsalud.org)
Occur1
- We will show that the same basic insights about voting derived in the game-theoretic literature also occur in ethical games with the advantage of a sensible micro-level model of participation in elections. (northwestern.edu)
Subjects1
- In Lyrical and Ethical Subjects Dennis Schmidt is at his best. (sunypress.edu)
Clinical1
- An Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews, monitors, and approves many clinical trials. (medlineplus.gov)
Social1
- Such criteria-based ethical and environmental ratings have subsequently become commonplace both in providing consumer information and in business-to-business corporate social responsibility and sustainability ratings such as those provided by Innovest, Calvert Foundation, Domini, IRRC, TIAA-CREF, and KLD Analytics. (wikipedia.org)
Arise1
- While videotaping can improve patient outcomes, ethical and legal troubles can arise when hospitals aren't up front with patients about their rights and don't have strict rules to protect patient privacy. (medscape.com)
Compliance2
- Ethical behaviour really shouldn't be a surprise or a shock to clients, but recent events on Wall Street suggest it might take more than compliance rules to create an ethical culture in financial organisations. (cisi.org)
- Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements. (legislation.gov.au)
Examine1
- The ethical socialism of Tawney and Temple is appraised to examine and evaluate their ideas and to establish their philosophical and historical legacy. (mellenpress.com)
Proposals1
- These proposals will be reviewed for scientific merit samples will be frozen and kept in a specimen bank for as long as and then by a separate board that determines if the study proposed they last. (cdc.gov)
Counseling1
- Both ethical codes can and will help you and provide you with the necessary information of what are ethical and what is not ethical behavior, it is essential in the counseling relationships (NAADAC, 2013). (ipl.org)
Human1
- Research may be approved only if it can be carried out with respect for human dignity and an approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority must be in place before the research can begin. (lu.se)
Moral1
- That, says Roger, puts us back into Kohlberg's moral infancy: when you treat adults like children, they start to behave like children and don't take responsibility - which means when they meet a new ethical situation where the rules don't tell them right from wrong, they don't know how to work it out. (cisi.org)
Challenges1
- The book is also guided by the conviction that such reflections upon the limits of language can open up something decisive for the effort to address the enigmas and challenges of judgment in the realm of ethical life. (sunypress.edu)
Guidance1
- It's interesting that the FCA has shifted its guidance from 'fair outcomes' towards 'good outcomes,' says corporate philosopher in residence at Bayes Business School, Roger Steare, who develops corporate culture and ethical programmes for global organisations. (cisi.org)
Editors1
- PCMag editors select and review products independently . (pcmag.com)
Guide1
- Although single-source ethical consumerism guides such as Ethical Consumer, Shop Ethical, and the Good Shopping Guide are popular, they suffer from incomplete coverage. (wikipedia.org)
Health2
- The development and simultaneous application of the field blurred the boundary between measuring biomarkers for research activities and for pursuit of public health goals, both areas with well-established ethical frameworks. (medrxiv.org)
- Please share your thoughts on this approach to the ethical use of sensors and sensor data, as well as your experiences on how sensors are being used, or where they are needed to improve the of worker safety, health, well-being and productivity. (cdc.gov)
Contribution1
- In my contribution I would like to discuss the sense of ethical investments, but also the ethical prerequisites for investing money. (stgallenbusinessreview.com)
Work2
- Recently published work has appeared in Harvard Business Review, Strategic Management Journal, Business Ethics Quarterly, Journal of Business Ethics, MIS Quarterly, Organization & Environment and Business & Society. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Her work has been published in academic journals, news outlets such at The New York Times, Quartz.com, Bloomberg, and The Boston Globe, and in magazines such as Forbes and Harvard Business Review. (barnesandnoble.com)
Standards2
- the book is comprehensive in the presentation of ethical standards. (socialworker.com)
- Provides leadership in setting ethical standards for Web site developers. (curlie.org)
Chapters1
- He has authored or co-authored more than 25 published peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and books, mostly on topics pertaining to high-stakes evaluations of police and public safety applicants and incumbent employees. (div12.org)
System2
- Kuveyt Türk had assumed a pioneering role in providing information about the ethical and socially responsible Islamic banking system in the German market from the very beginning. (europeanfinancialreview.com)
- This partnership cultivates a feeling of neighborhood and also adds to a more lasting as well as ethical food system. (bonkhardracing.com)
Marks1
- Livia Firth has curated an ethical clothing range for Marks & Spencer. (contactmusic.com)
Means2
- This dedication to ethical sourcing means that the meats utilized in Farm Hounds' treats are of the finest quality, without prescription antibiotics, hormones, and also man-made growth enhancers. (bonkhardracing.com)
- The fact that The Ethics Review Appeals Board dismisses the case from further processing means that the board has made a decision which, according to § 37 of the Ethics Review Act, may not be appealed. (lu.se)
Informed consent1
- 2) Explain how disclosure can satisfy ethical obligations when informed consent is not within the psychologist's authority to obtain. (div12.org)
