Bhopal Accidental Release
Epidemiologic Methods
Molecular Epidemiology
Epidemiologic Studies
Epidemiologic Research Design
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Does risk factor epidemiology put epidemiology at risk? Peering into the future. (1/5889)
The multiple cause black box paradigm of the current risk factor era in epidemiology is growing less serviceable. This single level paradigm is likely to be displaced. The signs are that the growing strength of molecular epidemiology on the one side, and of a global epidemiology based on information systems on the other, will come to dominate epidemiology and segregate it into separate disciplines. At the same time, the links with public health interests grow weaker. A multilevel ecoepidemiology has the potential to bind these strands together. (+info)A method for calculating age-weighted death proportions for comparison purposes. (2/5889)
OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for calculating age-weighted death proportions (wDP) for comparison purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A methodological study using secondary data from the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1980-1994) was carried out. First, deaths are weighted in terms of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years. Then, in order to eliminate distortion of comparisons among proportions of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years (pYPLL-100), the denominator is set to that of a standard age distribution of deaths for all causes. Conventional death proportions (DP), pYPLL-100, and wDP were calculated. RESULTS: Populations in which deaths from a particular cause occur at older ages exhibit lower wDP than those in which deaths occur at younger ages. The sum of all cause-specific wDP equals one only when the test population has exactly the same age distribution of deaths for all causes as that of the standard population. CONCLUSION: Age-weighted death proportions improve the information given by conventional DP, and are strongly recommended for comparison purposes. (+info)The meaning and use of the cumulative rate of potential life lost. (3/5889)
BACKGROUND: The 'years of potential life lost' (YPLL) is a public health measure in widespread use. However, the index does not apply to the comparisons between different populations or across different time periods. It also has the limit of being cross-sectional in nature, quantifying current burden but not future impact on society. METHODS: A new years-lost index is proposed-the 'cumulative rate of potential life lost' (CRPLL). It is a simple combination of the 'cumulative rate' (CR) and the YPLL. Vital statistics in Taiwan are used for demonstration and comparison of the new index with existing health-status measures. RESULTS: The CRPLL serves the purpose of between-group comparison. It can also be considered a projection of future impact, under the assumption that the age-specific mortality rates in the current year prevail. For a rare cause of death, it can be interpreted as the expected years (days) of potential life lost during a subject's lifetime. CONCLUSIONS: The CRPLL has several desirable properties, rendering it a promising alternative for quantifying health status. (+info)Influence of sampling on estimates of clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from DNA fingerprinting techniques. (4/5889)
The availability of DNA fingerprinting techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to attempts to estimate the extent of recent transmission in populations, using the assumption that groups of tuberculosis patients with identical isolates ("clusters") are likely to reflect recently acquired infections. It is never possible to include all cases of tuberculosis in a given population in a study, and the proportion of isolates found to be clustered will depend on the completeness of the sampling. Using stochastic simulation models based on real and hypothetical populations, the authors demonstrate the influence of incomplete sampling on the estimates of clustering obtained. The results show that as the sampling fraction increases, the proportion of isolates identified as clustered also increases and the variance of the estimated proportion clustered decreases. Cluster size is also important: the underestimation of clustering for any given sampling fraction is greater, and the variability in the results obtained is larger, for populations with small clusters than for those with the same number of individuals arranged in large clusters. A considerable amount of caution should be used in interpreting the results of studies on clustering of M. tuberculosis isolates, particularly when sampling fractions are small. (+info)Reliability of information on physical activity and other chronic disease risk factors among US women aged 40 years or older. (5/5889)
Data on chronic disease risk behaviors and related variables, including barriers to and attitudes toward physical activity, are lacking for women of some racial/ethnic groups. A test-retest study was conducted from July 1996 through June 1997 among US women (n = 199) aged 40 years or more who were white, black, American Indian/Alaska Native, or Hispanic. The sample was selected and interviews were conducted using a modified version of the methods of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. For behavioral risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and low fruit and vegetable consumption, group prevalences were generally similar between interviews 1 and 2. However, kappa values for selected physical activity variables ranged from 0.26 to 0.51 and tended to be lower for black women. Discordance was low for variables on cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (kappa = 0.64-0.92). Discordance was high (kappa = 0.33) for low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Additional variables for barriers to and access to exercise ranged widely across racial/ethnic groups and in terms of measures of agreement. These methods illustrate an efficient way to sample and assess the reliability of data collected from women of racial/ethnic minority groups. (+info)Measuring food insecurity and hunger in the United States: development of a national benchmark measure and prevalence estimates. (6/5889)
Since 1992, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) has led a collaborative effort to develop a comprehensive benchmark measure of the severity and prevalence of food insecurity and hunger in the United States. Based on prior research and wide consultation, a survey instrument specifically relevant to U.S. conditions was designed and tested. Through its Current Population Survey (CPS), the U.S. Bureau of the Census has fielded this instrument each year since 1995. A measurement scale was derived from the data through fitting, testing and validating a Rasch scale. The unidimensional Rasch model corresponds to the form of the phenomenon being measured, i.e., the severity of food insufficiency due to inadequate resources as directly experienced and reported in U.S. households. A categorical measure reflecting designated ranges of severity on the scale was constructed for consistent comparison of prevalence estimates over time and across population groups. The technical basis and initial results of the new measure were reported in September 1997. For the 12 months ending April 1995, an estimated 11.9% of U.S. households (35 million persons) were food insecure. Among these, 4.1% of households (with 6.9 million adults and 4.3 million children) showed a recurring pattern of hunger due to inadequate resources for one or more of their adult and/or child members sometime during the period. The new measure has been incorporated into other federal surveys and is being used by researchers throughout the U.S. and Canada. (+info)Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid contents of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from commercial sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: emergence of high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin. (7/5889)
Commercial sex workers (CSWs) serve as the most important reservoir of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), including gonorrhea. Periodic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a high-risk population provides essential clues regarding the rapidly changing pattern of antimicrobial susceptibilities. A study concerning the prevalence of gonococcal infection among CSWs was conducted in Bangladesh. The isolates were examined with regards to their antimicrobial susceptibility to, and the MICs of, penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The total plasmid profile of the isolates was also analyzed. Of the 224 CSWs, 94 (42%) were culture positive for N. gonorrhoeae. There was a good correlation between the results of the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Some 66% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, and 34% were moderately susceptible to penicillin. Among the resistant isolates, 23.4% were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG). 60.6% of the isolates were resistant and 38.3% were moderately susceptible to tetracycline, 17.5% were tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, 11.7% were resistant and 26.6% had reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, 2.1% were resistant and 11.7% had reduced susceptibility to cefuroxime, and 1% were resistant to ceftriaxone. All PPNG isolates contained a 3.2-MDa African type of plasmid, and a 24.2-MDa conjugative plasmid was present in 34.1% of the isolates. Since quinolones such as ciprofloxacin are recommended as the first line of therapy for gonorrhea, the emergence of significant resistance to ciprofloxacin will limit the usefulness of this drug for treatment of gonorrhea in Bangladesh. (+info)Epidemiological analysis of site relationships of synchronous and metachronous multiple primary cancers in the National Cancer Center, Japan, 1962-1996. (8/5889)
BACKGROUND: Multiple primary cancer (MPC) has been recognized as a problem commonly encountered in routine medical practice. A study of MPC is necessary not only to provide insights into the etiology of cancer, but also to provide information for effective medical care by clinical oncologists. METHODS: A cohort of 49,751 cancer patients who were admitted to the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1962 and 1996 was used to study the site relationship of MPC. Logistic and Poisson regression analyses using an internal reference group within the cohort were applied for the calculation of the prevalence odds ratio (POR) for site relationships of synchronous MPC and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for those of metachronous MPC. RESULTS: Three site combinations with elevated risks for both synchronous and metachronous MPCs, eight with elevated risk for synchronous MPC, five with elevated risk for metachronous MPC and six with decreased risk for synchronous MPC were identified with statistical significance. Among them, the increased risk of metachronous stomach cancer following lymphoma and myeoloma (POR = 1.0 and 1.1, P > 0.05; IRR = 2.5, P < 0.05) and the inverse site-correlation of synchronous MPC between [trachea, bronchus and lung] and other sites of the upper aerodigestive tract [lip, oral cavity and pharynx] (POR = 0.5 and 0.3, P < 0.05) and esophagus (POR = 0.7 and 0.3, P < 0.05) have not been reported previously. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that interventions for lymphoma and myeloma might affect the development of subsequent stomach cancer and additional etiological factors other than tobacco smoking are associated with the development of cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract. (+info)The Bhopal accidental release refers to the industrial disaster that occurred on December 3, 1984, in the city of Bhopal, India. A Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant leaked toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas and other chemicals, exposing more than half a million people to toxic fumes.
This accident is considered one of the world's worst industrial disasters in history, resulting in thousands of deaths and hundreds of thousands of injuries, many of which had long-term health impacts. The disaster led to widespread environmental contamination, affecting groundwater and soil quality in the area. It also resulted in significant social, economic, and political consequences for the region and the country as a whole.
The Bhopal accidental release is often used as a case study in discussions of industrial safety, corporate responsibility, environmental regulation, and public health policy.
Epidemiologic methods are systematic approaches used to investigate and understand the distribution, determinants, and outcomes of health-related events or diseases in a population. These methods are applied to study the patterns of disease occurrence and transmission, identify risk factors and causes, and evaluate interventions for prevention and control. The core components of epidemiologic methods include:
1. Descriptive Epidemiology: This involves the systematic collection and analysis of data on the who, what, when, and where of health events to describe their distribution in a population. It includes measures such as incidence, prevalence, mortality, and morbidity rates, as well as geographic and temporal patterns.
2. Analytical Epidemiology: This involves the use of statistical methods to examine associations between potential risk factors and health outcomes. It includes observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) and experimental studies (randomized controlled trials). The goal is to identify causal relationships and quantify the strength of associations.
3. Experimental Epidemiology: This involves the design and implementation of interventions or experiments to test hypotheses about disease prevention and control. It includes randomized controlled trials, community trials, and other experimental study designs.
4. Surveillance and Monitoring: This involves ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data for early detection, tracking, and response to health events or diseases.
5. Ethical Considerations: Epidemiologic studies must adhere to ethical principles such as respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. This includes obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and minimizing harm to study participants.
Overall, epidemiologic methods provide a framework for investigating and understanding the complex interplay between host, agent, and environmental factors that contribute to the occurrence of health-related events or diseases in populations.
Molecular epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology that uses laboratory techniques to identify and analyze the genetic material (DNA, RNA) of pathogens or host cells to understand their distribution, transmission, and disease associations in populations. It combines molecular biology methods with epidemiological approaches to investigate the role of genetic factors in disease occurrence and outcomes. This field has contributed significantly to the identification of infectious disease outbreaks, tracking the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, understanding the transmission dynamics of viruses, and identifying susceptible populations for targeted interventions.
Epidemiologic studies are investigations that seek to understand the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health and disease within a population. These studies aim to identify the frequency and occurrence of diseases or health-related events, as well as the factors that contribute to their occurrence. This information is used to develop public health policies and interventions to prevent or control diseases and promote overall health.
There are several types of epidemiologic studies, including:
1. Descriptive studies: These studies describe the characteristics of a population and the distribution of a disease or health-related event within that population. They do not typically investigate causes or risk factors.
2. Analytical studies: These studies examine the relationship between exposures (risk factors) and outcomes (diseases or health-related events). There are two main types of analytical studies: observational studies and experimental studies.
3. Observational studies: In these studies, researchers observe and collect data on a population without intervening or manipulating any variables. There are several types of observational studies, including cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies.
4. Cohort studies: These studies follow a group of people (a cohort) over time to see if they develop a particular disease or health-related event. Researchers collect data on exposures and outcomes at multiple points in time.
5. Case-control studies: These studies compare people with a specific disease or health-related event (cases) to people without the disease or event (controls). Researchers then look back in time to see if there are any differences in exposures between the two groups.
6. Cross-sectional studies: These studies collect data on exposures and outcomes at a single point in time. They are useful for estimating the prevalence of a disease or health-related event, but they cannot establish causality.
7. Experimental studies: In these studies, researchers manipulate variables to see if they have an effect on a particular outcome. The most common type of experimental study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which participants are randomly assigned to receive either the intervention being tested or a control group.
Epidemiologic studies can provide valuable insights into the causes and consequences of diseases and health-related events, as well as potential interventions to prevent or treat them. However, they must be carefully designed and conducted to minimize bias and confounding, and their results should be interpreted with caution.
Epidemiologic research design refers to the plan and structure of an epidemiological study, which describes how data will be collected, analyzed, and interpreted. It includes specifying the research question, selecting the study population, choosing the study design (such as cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional), outlining the data collection methods, and describing the statistical analysis plan. A well-designed epidemiologic research study aims to establish a reliable association between exposures and health outcomes in a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.
Epidemiology is the study of how often and why diseases occur in different groups of people and places. It is a key discipline in public health and informs policy decisions and evidence-based practices by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists use various study designs, including observational studies, experiments, and surveys, to collect and analyze data on the distribution and determinants of diseases in populations. They seek to understand the causes of health outcomes and develop strategies to control or prevent adverse health events. The ultimate goal of epidemiology is to improve population health and eliminate health disparities.
Medical Definition:
"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.
Epidemiologic factors are elements that contribute to the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of a health-related event or disease in a specific population. These factors can include demographic characteristics (such as age, sex, race/ethnicity), genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, behavioral risks, and societal structures. By identifying and analyzing epidemiologic factors, public health professionals can develop strategies to prevent or control diseases and health conditions within a population.
Mediation (statistics)
XLispStat
Brian MacMahon
Mortality rate
Breast cancer
William Farr
Epidemiology
Thomas Rowe Edmonds
OpenEpi
Donna Baird
Donna Spiegelman
Naval Medical Research Unit South
Naval Medical Research Unit Three
Suicide methods
Tyler VanderWeele
International Medical Commission on Bhopal
Society for Epidemiologic Research
Field epidemiology
Comparison of birth control methods
Calendar-based contraceptive methods
Adverse vaccine reactions in pets
Antimicrobial stewardship
Qing Lan
Haroutune Armenian
Brian L. Strom
Regina G. Ziegler
Sander Greenland
November 1961
Lead time bias
Immunologic adjuvant
Epidemiologic Methods for Relief Operations | Tsunamis | CDC
Improving Methods for Reporting Spatial Epidemiologic Data - Volume 14, Number 8-August 2008 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
141st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition (November 2 - November 6, 2013): Epidemiologic Methods
Results of search for 'su:{Epidemiologic methods}' › WHO HQ Library catalog
SERjournal Club - Society for Epidemiologic Research
Familial risk and heritability of diagnosed borderline personality disorder: a register study of the Swedish population |...
Mediation (statistics) - Wikipedia
Toxicological Profile for Bromomethane | Peer Review Agenda | ATSDR
Instructions for Deconstructing MeSH Subjects
Systematic review found AMSTAR, but not R(evised)-AMSTAR, to have good measurement properties
Sick individuals and sick populations
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Why Clinicians Should Not Resort to Epidemiologic Studies to Justify Interventions |...
Doctor of Public Health | Public Health | University of Nebraska Medical Center
PDF) The 25th Anniversary of Laser Vision Correction in the United States
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) item response bias found with Mantel-Haenszel method was successfully...
BSGP Concentration - Cancer Biology | School of Medicine
Berg Scholars Program | MD Program | Stanford Medicine
Tilman Davies, Our people, Department of Mathematics and Statistics | University of Otago
Association of seat belt use with death: a comparison of estimates based on data from police and estimates based on data from...
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness : A real-time case-control study in southern Sweden | Lund University...
Genomes at CDC: Man, Mouse, and Microbe-it's a Genomic World | Blogs | CDC
Challenges with a cyclosporiasis outbreak, CCDR 45(9) - Canada.ca
JCI - The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome at 25 years: lessons and lingering questions
Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis Among Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Principles of Therapy and...
Mayur M. Desai, PhD, MPH, FACE | Directory of Faculty Research Interests
Epidemiology jobs | Academic Careers
Blood And Urine Assessments, Ages 6 months - 74 years (1982-1984)
Epidemiology7
- Discuss the role of complex systems methods for causal inference in epidemiology Evaluate alternative methods for collecting ethnicity data when self-reported ethnicity is unavailable. (confex.com)
- MPH students: those who earned a grade of 'A' in 340.721 EPIDEMIOLOGIC INFERENCE I or 340.601 PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY may opt to skip the course 340.751 and proceed into 340.752 EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS 2 during the 2nd term. (jhu.edu)
- The Epidemiology concentration offers rigorous training in epidemiologic concepts and methodology. (unmc.edu)
- Yang, FM & Jones, RN 2007, ' Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) item response bias found with Mantel-Haenszel method was successfully replicated using latent variable modeling ', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 1195-1200. (elsevierpure.com)
- Design and Conduct of Observational Epidemiology (Epidemiologic methods). (exponent.com)
- She also provides research methods and statistical consultation on a wide variety of topics include emergency care, infectious disease, orthopaedic injury and surgery, sports epidemiology, pharmacoepidemiology, and others. (rochester.edu)
- PM 489 Injury Epidemiology and Emergency Care Research Methods focuses on the burden of injury on the population's health, epidemiologic methods unique to studying injury, and specific content areas such as opioid overdose, prehospital care of injured patients, and traumatic brain injury. (rochester.edu)
Application of epidemiologic methods2
- Professor Desai's expertise is in the application of epidemiologic methods to clinical and health services research. (yale.edu)
- Application of Epidemiologic Methods (Applied Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). (exponent.com)
Observational7
- His research sits at advanced epidemiologic methods to make causal inferences from observational data (e.g., prospective cohorts and electronic health records), and thereby to build accurate and impactful evidence bases for health decision making. (epiresearch.org)
- No one denies that observational and epidemiologic studies are more expedient, but what have we collectively done here? (ajnr.org)
- Research and quantitative methods for analysis of epidemiologic observational studies. (psu.edu)
- STAT 507 Epidemiologic Research Methods (3) This 3-credit course develops research and quantitative methods related to the design and analysis of epidemiological (mostly observational) studies. (psu.edu)
- We review the strengths and limitations of risk of bias assessments, in particular, for reviews of observational studies of environmental exposures, and we also comment more generally on methods of evidence synthesis. (nih.gov)
- Such syntheses are part of systematic reviews of observational epidemiologic study findings. (nih.gov)
- Committee for Evidence-Based Methods in Risk Assessment is aiming at the development of a tool for rapid assessment of risk of bias (raRoB) for evaluating the evidence from individual human observational epidemiological studies in the risk assessment context. (bund.de)
Clinical1
- This course is a second-level course and complements Biostat Methods, STAT 509 , which is focused on clinical (experimental) trials. (psu.edu)
Studies12
- Dr. Keil's research is focused on improving the link between epidemiologic studies and public health in occupational and environmental settings. (epiresearch.org)
- Epidemiologic studies are designed to discover some unknown things, by using known data. (ajnr.org)
- They cannot be relegated to future epidemiologic studies, and they must be integrated to current medical practice that is in desperate need of validation, by using randomized allocation of options. (ajnr.org)
- of item response bias in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale by age, gender, and race. (elsevierpure.com)
- Study Design and Setting: We used the multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) model framework to estimate measurement bias in the CES-D responses of participants in the New Haven Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly study (N = 2,340). (elsevierpure.com)
- One of the challenges associated with these studies is having an effective method to recruit controls. (canada.ca)
- To a lesser degree, the course also covers non-randomized, intervention (experimental) studies that may be designed and analyzed with epidemiological methods. (psu.edu)
- Together, these two courses provide students with a complete review of research methods for the design and analysis for common studies related to human health, disease, and treatment. (psu.edu)
- Increasingly, risk of bias tools are used to evaluate epidemiologic studies as part of evidence synthesis (evidence integration), often involving meta-analyses. (nih.gov)
- Evidence synthesis (or evidence integration) is widely used to summarize findings of epidemiologic studies of environmental and occupational exposures. (nih.gov)
- and c ) a method to synthesize evidence across studies (which sometimes includes a meta-analysis). (nih.gov)
- Her conduct of epidemiologic studies is informed by community participatory methods, implementation science, and transdisciplinary teams. (academyhealth.org)
Statistical Methods2
- Prior or concurrent enrollment in Statistical Methods in Public Health I (140.621) or Methods in Biostatistics I (140.651). (jhu.edu)
- Data Mining methods are introduced by using examples to demonstrate the power of the statistical methods for exploring structure in data sets, discovering patterns in data, making predictions, and reducing the dimensionality by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and other tools for visualization of high dimensional data. (psu.edu)
Populations2
- and methods used for comparing populations. (jhu.edu)
- Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations. (bvsalud.org)
Surveillance2
Epidemiological Methods1
- CPH 528 - Epidemiological Methods - 3 Cr. (unmc.edu)
Vaccines1
- Although the epidemiologic techniques and general principles remain valid, the usage described of certain drugs, vaccines, and other specific health-related strategies may be obsolete. (cdc.gov)
Principles2
- CAUTION: This document was published by CDC in 1984 to record the experience and lessons learned from applying epidemiologic principles to humanitarian relief efforts in the late 1970s and early 1980s. (cdc.gov)
- Introduces students to the principles and concepts used in epidemiologic research. (jhu.edu)
Centers1
- I coordinate the FoodCORE (Foodborne Diseases Centers for Outbreak Response Enhancement) program, providing technical, scientific, epidemiologic, and logistic support for program participants and partners. (confex.com)
Study4
- The second part of this thought experiment is to imagine a study using similar methods to lead to the title, "Better Patient Outcomes in Outpatient Clinics Than in Intensive Care Units. (ajnr.org)
- Methods and feasibility of collecting occupational data for a large population-based cohort study in the United States: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study. (cdc.gov)
- METHODS: Current and historical occupational information were collected from active participants of the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. (cdc.gov)
- Theory and methods of epidemiologic study of home accidents. (bmj.com)
Context1
- Additionally, U.S. and military disease rates (where available) were added to provide epidemiologic context for the frequency of these infectious diseases. (health.mil)
Data8
- A recent perspective in this journal ( 1 ) pointed out problems with the present, county-referenced system for reporting spatial epidemiologic data. (cdc.gov)
- Eisen and Eisen correctly pointed out that these problems complicate spatial analyses of epidemiologic data ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- However, the solutions that they propose, referencing epidemiologic data to ZIP codes or census tracts, partially solve only the first problem. (cdc.gov)
- We use mixed-methods, combining quantitative methods were we analyse cross-sectional data and qualitative interviews. (umu.se)
- His projects have encompassed methodologies to assess drug safety, comparative effectiveness, indirect treatment comparison (external controls), health resource utilization, treatment patterns, burden of illness, disease comorbidity, and methods for terminology mapping and common data models. (iconplc.com)
- Exploratory data analysis, classification methods, clustering methods, and other statistical and algorithmic tools are presented and applied to actual data. (psu.edu)
- Unpublished data from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III), a nationwide survey of 36,309 U.S. adults aged 18 and older. (nih.gov)
- Addressing Complex Health Problems Through a Mix of Epidemiologic Methods and Data. (bvsalud.org)
Laboratory1
- FoodCORE addresses gaps in FBD outbreak response by improving capacity in three core areas: laboratory, epidemiologic, and environmental health activities. (confex.com)
Findings2
- The objective of this review is to systematically review the findings of existing epidemiologic research on vitamin C and its potential role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). (mdpi.com)
- They use explicit, systematic methods that are selected with a view aimed at minimizing bias, to produce more reliable findings to inform decision making" ( https://www.cochranelibrary.com/about/about-cochrane-reviews ). (nih.gov)
Identify1
- If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. (nih.gov)
Patients1
- This is why scientific methods are essential to protect present patients in need of care. (ajnr.org)
Systematic1
- METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology for conducting systematic reviews. (who.int)
Students1
- The curriculum allows students to acquire core competencies in epidemiologic methods as well as the flexibility to tailor course work to best serve individual career goals as public health leaders. (unmc.edu)
Development1
- and development of epidemiologic methods. (cdc.gov)
Outcomes1
- Scientific methods play a crucial role in defining a good practice: It can only be a practice that leads to better patient outcomes. (ajnr.org)
Risk2
Results1
- Reproducibility is recognized as the ability to obtain similar results on several examination and has been considered of great importance when evaluating a particular method of validation, ensuring uniformity of caries criteria interpretation 14-15 . (bvsalud.org)
Research methods1
- In this role, she leads the quarterly departmental journal club and provides research methods lectures on topics critical to interpreting the articles selected for discussion. (rochester.edu)
Literature1
- The journal club provides our members with the opportunity to discuss recent epidemiologic literature. (epiresearch.org)
Evaluation methods1
- Graduates will be prepared to examine approaches to programs and policies using advanced evaluation methods to prioritize opportunities to advocate for improvement in public health settings. (unmc.edu)
Analysis1
- Simplified Method for Analysis of DDT and DDE in Blood for Epidemiologic Purposes. (epa.gov)
Human2
- The focus is on pathogen genomes, applying advances in molecular and bioinformatics methods first developed for human genome research. (cdc.gov)
- Genomes are found at all three corners of the epidemiologic triangle: human or animal hosts are engaged in genomic contests with pathogens of all kinds, played out in an environment teeming with the genomes of other people, animals, plants, and microbes. (cdc.gov)
Molecular1
- However, identification of the source has been difficult because of lack of molecular typing methods, considerable case reporting delays and limited traceability of produce. (canada.ca)
Records1
- ZIP codes and census tracts cover fixed areas and can misrepresent the spatial precision of epidemiologic records. (cdc.gov)
Journal club1
- Papers chosen for discussion in the journal club are focused on epidemiologic methods. (epiresearch.org)
Scientific1
- However, scientific methods do much more than that. (ajnr.org)
Important1
- Now for the most important message, epidemiologic methods are not appropriate for clinicians hoping to justify their interventions. (ajnr.org)