Electromagnetic Phenomena
Magnetic Field Therapy
Radiation, Nonionizing
Electromagnetic Radiation
Radio Waves
Cellular Phone
Microwaves
Terahertz Radiation
Occupational Exposure
Environmental Exposure
Environmental Illness
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
Radio
Radiation Monitoring
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced
Electric Power Supplies
Radiation Dosage
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced
Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment
Fractures, Ununited
Pseudarthrosis
Equipment Failure
Tibial Fractures
Equipment Failure Analysis
Melatonin
Fracture Healing
Guidelines as Topic
Electric Stimulation Therapy
Effect of magnetic field exposure on anchorage-independent growth of a promoter-sensitive mouse epidermal cell line (JB6). (1/1506)
The anchorage-independent growth of mouse epidermal cells (JB6) exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields (MF) was investigated. Promotion-responsive JB6 cells were suspended in agar (10(4)cells/plate) and exposed continuously to 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz magnetic fields for 10-14 days, with or without concurrent treatment with the tumor promoter tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). Exposures to MF were conducted in a manner such that the experimenter was blind to the treatment group of the cells. At the end of the exposure period, the anchorage-independent growth of JB6 cells on soft agar was examined by counting the number of colonies larger than 60 microm (minimum of 60 cells). The use of a combined treatment of the cells with both MF and TPA was to provide an internal positive control to estimate the success of the assay and to allow evaluation of co-promotion. Statistical analysis was performed by a randomized block design analysis of variance to examine both the effect of TPA treatment (alone and in combination with MF exposure) and the effect of intra-assay variability. Transformation frequency of JB6 cells displayed a dose-dependent response to increasing concentrations of TPA. Coexposure of cells to both TPA and 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz MF did not result in any differences in transformation frequency for any TPA concentrations tested (0-1 ng/ml). These data indicate that exposure to a 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz MF does not act as a promoter or co-promoter in promotion-sensitive JB6 cell anchorage-independent growth. (+info)Transmembrane calcium influx induced by ac electric fields. (2/1506)
Exogenous electric fields induce cellular responses including redistribution of integral membrane proteins, reorganization of microfilament structures, and changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i). Although increases in [Ca2+]i caused by application of direct current electric fields have been documented, quantitative measurements of the effects of alternating current (ac) electric fields on [Ca2+]i are lacking and the Ca2+ pathways that mediate such effects remain to be identified. Using epifluorescence microscopy, we have examined in a model cell type the [Ca2+]i response to ac electric fields. Application of a 1 or 10 Hz electric field to human hepatoma (Hep3B) cells induces a fourfold increase in [Ca2+]i (from 50 nM to 200 nM) within 30 min of continuous field exposure. Depletion of Ca2+ in the extracellular medium prevents the electric field-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, suggesting that Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane is responsible for the [Ca2+]i increase. Incubation of cells with the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 does not inhibit ac electric field-induced increases in [Ca2+]i, suggesting that receptor-regulated release of intracellular Ca2+ is not important for this effect. Treatment of cells with either the stretch-activated cation channel inhibitor GdCl3 or the nonspecific calcium channel blocker CoCl2 partially inhibits the [Ca2+]i increase induced by ac electric fields, and concomitant treatment with both GdCl3 and CoCl2 completely inhibits the field-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Since neither Gd3+ nor Co2+ is efficiently transported across the plasma membrane, these data suggest that the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ac electric fields depends entirely on Ca2+ influx from the extracellular medium. (+info)A 50-Hz electromagnetic field impairs sleep. (3/1506)
In view of reports of health problems induced by low frequency (50-60 Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMF), we carried out a study in 18 healthy subjects, comparing sleep with and without exposure to a 50 Hz/1 mu Tesla electrical field. We found that the EMF condition was associated with reduced: total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, stages 3 + 4 slow wave sleep (SWS), and slow wave activity (SWA). Circulating melatonin, growth hormone, prolactin, testosterone or cortisol were not affected. The results suggest that commonly occurring low frequency electromagnetic fields may interfere with sleep. (+info)Metal detector and swallowed metal foreign bodies in children. (4/1506)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a metal detector to diagnose swallowed radio-opaque metal foreign bodies (MFBs) in children, and whether they can detect non-radio-opaque MFBs. METHODS: In a prospective study, 231 children, who presented to the accident and emergency department with a history of swallowing MFBs, were evaluated by the metal detector as well as radiography to confirm and locate the presence or absence of MFBs. RESULTS: A definite history of swallowing a MFB by the child was given by 186 (81%) parents. The metal detector located MFBs in 183 children and radiographs confirmed radio-opaque MFBs in 181. In the remaining 45 (19%), when swallowing was suspected and not definite, both metal detector and radiography confirmed the presence of a MFB in only four. CONCLUSION: A high detection rate of swallowed MFBs was observed in this study, using a metal detector. It is also of value to detect non-radio-opaque MFBs like aluminium. The detection of MFBs is high when the history of swallowing is definite. (+info)Demonstration of the parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers. (5/1506)
Racemic mixtures of (+) and (-) sodium potassium tartrate, tris(1, 2-ethanediamine)cobalt(III), and tris(1,2-ethanediamine)iridium(III) molecules were crystallized, and the optical activities of the resulting crystalline materials, dissolved in water, were carefully measured to study the influence of the parity-violating energy difference in the crystallization process. Although no effect was found in the case of tartrate, enantiomeric excess appeared in the crystallization of the cobalt and iridium complexes. These investigations, performed in our laboratory, demonstrated the contribution of the parity-violating neutral weak current to the forces acting in molecules. (+info)A small, physiological electric field orients cell division. (6/1506)
We report on an observation that the orientation of cell division is directed by small, applied electric fields (EFs). Cultured human corneal epithelial cells were exposed to a direct-current EF of physiological magnitude. Cells divided while attached to the culture dish, and most did so with a cleavage plane perpendicular to the EF vector. There are many instances in which cell divisions in vivo occur in the presence of direct-current physiological EF, for example, during embryonic morphogenesis, neuronal and epithelial differentiation, wound healing, or tumor formation. Endogenous physiological EFs may play important roles in some or all of these processes by regulating the axis of cell division and, hence, the positioning of daughter cells. (+info)Power-frequency electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia in Canada. (7/1506)
In a case-control study of childhood leukemia in relation to exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF), 399 children resident in five Canadian provinces who were diagnosed at ages 0-14 years between 1990 and 1994 (June 1995 in British Columbia and Quebec) were enrolled, along with 399 controls. Exposure assessment included 48-hour personal EMF measurement, wire coding and magnetic field measurements for subjects' residences from conception to diagnosis/reference date, and a 24-hour magnetic field bedroom measurement. Personal magnetic fields were not related to risk of leukemia (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.95, p for trend = 0.73) or acute lymphatic leukemia (OR = 0.93, p for trend = 0.64). There were no clear associations with predicted magnetic field exposure 2 years before the diagnosis/reference date or over the subject's lifetime or with personal electric field exposure. A statistically nonsignificant elevated risk of acute lymphatic leukemia was observed with very high wiring configurations among residences of subjects 2 years before the diagnosis/reference date (OR = 1.72 compared with underground wiring, 95% confidence interval 0.54-5.45). These results provide little support for a relation between power-frequency EMF exposure and risk of childhood leukemia. (+info)Lack of effect of a 60 Hz magnetic field on biomarkers of tumor promotion in the skin of SENCAR mice. (8/1506)
It has been proposed that extremely low frequency magnetic fields may enhance tumorigenesis through a co-promotional mechanism. This hypothesis has been further tested using the two-stage model of mouse skin carcinogenesis, i.e. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced promotion of skin carcinogenesis in mice initiated by a single subcarcinogenic dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Experimentation utilized three different doses of TPA within its dose-response range (0.85, 1.70 or 3.40 nmol) and examined the following early biomarkers of tumor promotion after 1, 2 and 5 weeks of promotion: increases in epidermal thickness and the labeling index of epidermal cells, induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and down-regulation of epidermal protein kinase C activity. Mice exposed to a 60 Hz magnetic field having a flux density of 2 mT for 6 h/day for 5 days/week were compared with mice exposed to an ambient magnetic field. Within the sensitivity limits of the biomarker methodology and the exposure parameters employed, no consistent, statistically significant effects indicative of promotion or co-promotion by the magnetic field were demonstrated. (+info)Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are invisible forces that result from the interaction between electrically charged objects. They are created by natural phenomena, such as the Earth's magnetic field, as well as by human-made sources, such as power lines, electrical appliances, and wireless communication devices.
EMFs are characterized by their frequency and strength, which determine their potential biological effects. Low-frequency EMFs, such as those produced by power lines and household appliances, have frequencies in the range of 0 to 300 Hz. High-frequency EMFs, such as those produced by wireless communication devices like cell phones and Wi-Fi routers, have frequencies in the range of 100 kHz to 300 GHz.
Exposure to EMFs has been linked to a variety of health effects, including increased risk of cancer, reproductive problems, neurological disorders, and oxidative stress. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health risks associated with exposure to EMFs and to establish safe exposure limits.
Electromagnetic phenomena refer to the interactions and effects that occur due to the combination of electrically charged particles and magnetic fields. These phenomena are described by the principles of electromagnetism, a branch of physics that deals with the fundamental forces between charged particles and their interaction with electromagnetic fields.
Electromagnetic phenomena can be observed in various forms, including:
1. Electric fields: The force that exists between charged particles at rest or in motion. Positive charges create an electric field that points away from them, while negative charges create an electric field that points towards them.
2. Magnetic fields: The force that exists around moving charges or current-carrying wires. Magnets and moving charges produce magnetic fields that exert forces on other moving charges or current-carrying wires.
3. Electromagnetic waves: Self-propagating disturbances in electric and magnetic fields, which can travel through space at the speed of light. Examples include visible light, radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays.
4. Electromagnetic induction: The process by which a changing magnetic field generates an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor, leading to the flow of electric current.
5. Faraday's law of induction: A fundamental principle that relates the rate of change of magnetic flux through a closed loop to the induced EMF in the loop.
6. Lenz's law: A consequence of conservation of energy, which states that the direction of an induced current is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux causing it.
7. Electromagnetic radiation: The emission and absorption of electromagnetic waves by charged particles undergoing acceleration or deceleration.
8. Maxwell's equations: A set of four fundamental equations that describe how electric and magnetic fields interact, giving rise to electromagnetic phenomena.
In a medical context, electromagnetic phenomena can be harnessed for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
Magnetic field therapy, also known as magnet therapy, is a form of complementary and alternative medicine that uses magnets to treat various health conditions. The therapy is based on the idea that external magnetic fields can influence the body's internal magnetic fields and electromagnetic signals, which in turn can affect physiological processes and promote healing.
Proponents of magnetic field therapy claim that it can help alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, improve circulation, enhance immune function, and promote relaxation. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support these claims, and the therapy remains controversial within the medical community.
Magnetic field therapy devices typically consist of magnets of various strengths and sizes that are applied to specific areas of the body, often through the use of magnetic wraps, bands, or pads. Some devices generate static magnetic fields, while others produce pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) or alternating magnetic fields (AMF).
While magnetic field therapy is generally considered safe, it can have potential risks and side effects, such as skin irritation, allergic reactions, and interference with medical devices like pacemakers. Therefore, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using magnetic field therapy, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medication.
Nonionizing radiation refers to the type of radiation that does not have sufficient energy to cause ionization in atoms or molecules. Ionization is the process where electrons are knocked out of an atom, creating ions. Nonionizing radiation includes lower-energy forms of radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared and visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, and some higher-energy portions of the electromagnetic spectrum such as X-rays and gamma rays with energies below 10 keV (kiloelectron volts).
While nonionizing radiation does not have enough energy to ionize atoms, it can still cause excitation of atoms and molecules, leading to various effects such as heating, vibrational energy transfer, or chemical reactions. Some forms of nonionizing radiation, particularly UV light, can also cause damage to living tissue, including sunburn and skin cancer. However, nonionizing radiation does not have the same potential for causing direct damage to DNA and other cellular structures as ionizing radiation, which is associated with higher risks of cancer and other health effects at similar exposure levels.
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is a type of energy that is released and transferred through space in the form of waves. These waves are characterized by their wavelength, frequency, and speed, all of which determine the amount of energy they carry. Elemagnetic radiation is classified into different types based on its wavelength and frequency, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.
EMR is produced by the movement of charged particles, such as electrons, and can be both natural and artificial in origin. For example, the sun emits EMR in the form of visible light and ultraviolet radiation, while man-made sources of EMR include cell phones, WiFi routers, and medical imaging equipment.
In medicine, EMR is used for a variety of purposes, including diagnostic imaging, cancer treatment, and sterilization. For example, X-rays and CT scans use high-energy forms of EMR to produce images of the body's internal structures, while radiation therapy uses targeted beams of EMR to destroy cancer cells.
It is important to note that excessive exposure to certain types of EMR, particularly ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays, can be harmful to human health and may increase the risk of cancer and other diseases. Therefore, it is essential to use appropriate safety measures when working with or around sources of EMR.
Radio waves are not a medical term, but rather a type of electromagnetic radiation with frequencies ranging from about 30 kilohertz (kHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). They have longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than other types of electromagnetic radiation such as microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays.
In the medical field, radio waves are used in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including:
* Diagnostic imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses radio waves in combination with a strong magnetic field to generate detailed images of internal organs and tissues.
* Radiation therapy: High-energy radio waves are used to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors in radiation therapy.
* Cardiac ablation: Radiofrequency ablation is a medical procedure that uses radio waves to destroy small areas of heart tissue that cause abnormal heart rhythms.
It's important to note that while radio waves have many medical applications, they are not themselves a medical term or condition.
A cellular phone, also known as a mobile phone, is a portable device that uses wireless cellular networks to make and receive voice, video, and data communications. The term "cellular" refers to the way that the network is divided into small geographical areas, or cells, each served by a low-power transmitter/receiver. As a user moves from one cell to another, the phone automatically connects to the nearest cell site, allowing for uninterrupted communication as long as the user remains within the coverage area of the network.
Cellular phones typically use digital technology and operate on a variety of frequency bands, depending on the region and the specific carrier. They are equipped with a rechargeable battery, an antenna, a display screen, and a keypad or touchscreen interface for dialing numbers, sending messages, and accessing various features and applications.
Modern cellular phones offer a wide range of functions beyond basic voice communication, including text messaging, multimedia messaging, email, web browsing, social media, gaming, and photography. They may also include features such as GPS navigation, music players, and mobile payment systems. Some high-end models even serve as portable computing devices, with powerful processors, large memory capacities, and advanced software applications.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "microwaves" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; they are commonly used in communication devices and home appliances such as microwave ovens. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.
Terahertz (THz) radiation, also known as T-rays or submillimeter waves, refers to electromagnetic radiation with frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz, which corresponds to wavelengths between 30 micrometers and 3 millimeters. This region of the electromagnetic spectrum falls between the far-infrared and microwave bands.
Terahertz radiation has unique properties that make it interesting for various applications in scientific research, medicine, and technology. It can penetrate many non-conducting materials, such as clothing, paper, and plastic, but is attenuated by metal objects and water. This property makes THz radiation useful for imaging and sensing purposes, including security screening, material characterization, and medical diagnostics.
In the context of medicine, THz radiation has shown potential for non-ionizing (non-radiation) imaging of biological tissues, as it can provide detailed images of structures like skin, teeth, and certain types of cancerous tumors without using ionizing radiation like mammography. However, further research is needed to fully understand the interactions between THz radiation and biological systems and to establish its safety and efficacy for medical applications.
Occupational exposure refers to the contact of an individual with potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents as a result of their job or occupation. This can include exposure to hazardous substances such as chemicals, heavy metals, or dusts; physical agents such as noise, radiation, or ergonomic stressors; and biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi.
Occupational exposure can occur through various routes, including inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or injection. Prolonged or repeated exposure to these hazards can increase the risk of developing acute or chronic health conditions, such as respiratory diseases, skin disorders, neurological damage, or cancer.
Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to minimize occupational exposures through the implementation of appropriate control measures, including engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and training programs. Regular monitoring and surveillance of workers' health can also help identify and prevent potential health hazards in the workplace.
Electricity is not a medical term, but rather a fundamental aspect of physics and science. It refers to the form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles such as electrons or protons, either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.
However, in the context of medical procedures and treatments, electricity is often used to stimulate nerves or muscles, destroy tissue through processes like electrocoagulation, or generate images of internal structures using methods like electrocardiography (ECG) or electroencephalography (EEG). In these cases, a clear medical definition would be:
The use of electric currents or fields in medical procedures for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
Environmental exposure refers to the contact of an individual with any chemical, physical, or biological agent in the environment that can cause a harmful effect on health. These exposures can occur through various pathways such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Examples of environmental exposures include air pollution, water contamination, occupational chemicals, and allergens. The duration and level of exposure, as well as the susceptibility of the individual, can all contribute to the risk of developing an adverse health effect.
Environmental Illness (EI) is a condition in which individuals report experiencing various symptoms that they believe are caused or worsened by exposure to specific environmental factors. These factors can include chemicals, allergens, pollutants, or other substances present in the air, water, or food. The symptoms of EI can vary widely and may include headaches, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, respiratory problems, skin irritations, and gastrointestinal issues.
It's important to note that while some people may be more sensitive than others to environmental factors, the term "Environmental Illness" is not recognized as a formal medical diagnosis by major medical organizations such as the American Medical Association or the World Health Organization. Instead, the symptoms of EI are often attributed to other conditions, such as allergies, asthma, or chemical sensitivities.
In some cases, individuals with EI may be diagnosed with a related condition called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), which is characterized by heightened sensitivity to chemicals and other environmental factors. However, MCS is also not recognized as a formal medical diagnosis by many major medical organizations.
Overall, while some people may experience symptoms that they believe are caused by exposure to environmental factors, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), also known as Idiosyncratic Intolerance, is a chronic condition characterized by symptoms that the affected person attributes to low-level exposure to chemicals in the environment. These reactions are not part of a recognized allergic response and are often delayed in onset.
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) defines MCS as: "A heightened sensitivity to chemicals that most people tolerate well... Symptoms can include headache, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, confusion, joint pain, and digestive disturbances."
However, it's important to note that the medical community has not reached a consensus on the definition, cause, or diagnosis of MCS. Some healthcare providers question its validity as a distinct medical entity due to lack of consistent scientific evidence supporting the relationship between exposure levels and symptoms.
In medical terms, "Radio" generally refers to the use of radiation in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions. This can include:
1. Diagnostic Radiology: This is the use of various imaging techniques that utilize different types of radiation to create detailed images of the internal structures of the body. Examples include X-rays, CT scans, and mammography.
2. Interventional Radiology: This is a medical subspecialty that uses minimally invasive image-guided procedures to diagnose and treat various diseases. These procedures often involve the use of radiological imaging techniques to guide catheters or other small instruments through the body to the site of the disease.
3. Radiation Therapy: This is a type of cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
Remember, while radiation is a valuable tool in medicine, it must be used carefully to minimize potential risks such as damage to healthy tissues and the potential for developing secondary cancers.
Radiation monitoring is the systematic and continuous measurement, assessment, and tracking of ionizing radiation levels in the environment or within the body to ensure safety and to take appropriate actions when limits are exceeded. It involves the use of specialized instruments and techniques to detect and quantify different types of radiation, such as alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, and x-rays. The data collected from radiation monitoring is used to evaluate radiation exposure, contamination levels, and potential health risks for individuals or communities. This process is crucial in various fields, including nuclear energy production, medical imaging and treatment, radiation therapy, and environmental protection.
A dose-response relationship in radiation refers to the correlation between the amount of radiation exposure (dose) and the biological response or adverse health effects observed in exposed individuals. As the level of radiation dose increases, the severity and frequency of the adverse health effects also tend to increase. This relationship is crucial in understanding the risks associated with various levels of radiation exposure and helps inform radiation protection standards and guidelines.
The effects of ionizing radiation can be categorized into two types: deterministic and stochastic. Deterministic effects have a threshold dose below which no effect is observed, and above this threshold, the severity of the effect increases with higher doses. Examples include radiation-induced cataracts or radiation dermatitis. Stochastic effects, on the other hand, do not have a clear threshold and are based on probability; as the dose increases, so does the likelihood of the adverse health effect occurring, such as an increased risk of cancer.
Understanding the dose-response relationship in radiation exposure is essential for setting limits on occupational and public exposure to ionizing radiation, optimizing radiation protection practices, and developing effective medical countermeasures in case of radiation emergencies.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "magnetics" is not a term that is commonly used in medical definitions. It is a term more frequently used in physics and engineering to refer to things related to magnets or magnetic fields. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to try to help with those!
Equipment design, in the medical context, refers to the process of creating and developing medical equipment and devices, such as surgical instruments, diagnostic machines, or assistive technologies. This process involves several stages, including:
1. Identifying user needs and requirements
2. Concept development and brainstorming
3. Prototyping and testing
4. Design for manufacturing and assembly
5. Safety and regulatory compliance
6. Verification and validation
7. Training and support
The goal of equipment design is to create safe, effective, and efficient medical devices that meet the needs of healthcare providers and patients while complying with relevant regulations and standards. The design process typically involves a multidisciplinary team of engineers, clinicians, designers, and researchers who work together to develop innovative solutions that improve patient care and outcomes.
Radiation-induced neoplasms are a type of cancer or tumor that develops as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms or molecules, leading to the formation of ions. This type of radiation can damage DNA and other cellular structures, which can lead to mutations and uncontrolled cell growth, resulting in the development of a neoplasm.
Radiation-induced neoplasms can occur after exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, such as that received during radiation therapy for cancer treatment or from nuclear accidents. The risk of developing a radiation-induced neoplasm depends on several factors, including the dose and duration of radiation exposure, the type of radiation, and the individual's genetic susceptibility to radiation-induced damage.
Radiation-induced neoplasms can take many years to develop after initial exposure to ionizing radiation, and they often occur at the site of previous radiation therapy. Common types of radiation-induced neoplasms include sarcomas, carcinomas, and thyroid cancer. It is important to note that while ionizing radiation can increase the risk of developing cancer, the overall risk is still relatively low, especially when compared to other well-established cancer risk factors such as smoking and exposure to certain chemicals.
Electric power supplies are devices that convert electrical energy from a source into a form suitable for powering various types of equipment or devices. They can include a wide range of products such as batteries, generators, transformers, and rectifiers. The main function of an electric power supply is to maintain a stable voltage and current to the load, despite variations in the input voltage or changes in the load's electrical characteristics.
In medical terminology, electric power supplies are used in various medical devices such as diagnostic equipment, therapeutic machines, and monitoring systems. They provide a reliable source of power to these devices, ensuring their proper functioning and enabling accurate measurements and treatments. In some cases, medical power supplies may also include features such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems or emergency power-off functions to ensure patient safety in the event of a power failure or other electrical issues.
Radiation dosage, in the context of medical physics, refers to the amount of radiation energy that is absorbed by a material or tissue, usually measured in units of Gray (Gy), where 1 Gy equals an absorption of 1 Joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter. In the clinical setting, radiation dosage is used to plan and assess the amount of radiation delivered to a patient during treatments such as radiotherapy. It's important to note that the biological impact of radiation also depends on other factors, including the type and energy level of the radiation, as well as the sensitivity of the irradiated tissues or organs.
Radiation-induced leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood-forming tissues of the body, such as the bone marrow. It is caused by exposure to high levels of radiation, which can damage the DNA of cells and lead to their uncontrolled growth and division.
There are several types of radiation-induced leukemia, depending on the specific type of blood cell that becomes cancerous. The most common types are acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These forms of leukemia tend to progress quickly and require prompt treatment.
Radiation-induced leukemia is a rare complication of radiation therapy, which is used to treat many types of cancer. The risk of developing this type of leukemia increases with the dose and duration of radiation exposure. It is important to note that the benefits of radiation therapy in treating cancer generally outweigh the small increased risk of developing radiation-induced leukemia.
Symptoms of radiation-induced leukemia may include fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and weight loss. If you have been exposed to high levels of radiation and are experiencing these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. A diagnosis of radiation-induced leukemia is typically made through a combination of physical exam, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as blood counts and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation.
Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure used in pain management and interventional medicine. It involves the use of electrical pulses, delivered via a specialized needle-like probe, to target specific nerves or nerve roots. These electrical pulses are delivered in a controlled and precise manner, at a frequency that does not cause heat damage to the surrounding tissues.
The goal of PRF treatment is to modulate the transmission of pain signals from the affected area to the brain, thereby reducing the perception of pain. The exact mechanism by which PRF works is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve changes in the electrical properties of nerve cells and the release of various chemical mediators that influence pain processing.
PRF treatment is typically performed under local anesthesia or conscious sedation, depending on the patient's preference and the specific procedure being performed. It is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated procedure, with few reported side effects. However, as with any medical intervention, there are potential risks and benefits that should be discussed with a qualified healthcare provider before undergoing treatment.
Ununited fracture is a medical term used to describe a fractured bone that has failed to heal properly. This condition is also known as a nonunion fracture. In a normal healing process, the broken ends of the bone will grow together, or "unite," over time as new bone tissue forms. However, in some cases, the bones may not reconnect due to various reasons such as infection, poor blood supply, excessive motion at the fracture site, or inadequate stabilization of the fracture.
Ununited fractures can cause significant pain, swelling, and deformity in the affected area. They may also lead to a decreased range of motion, weakness, and instability in the joint near the fracture. Treatment for ununited fractures typically involves surgical intervention to promote bone healing, such as bone grafting or internal fixation with screws or plates. In some cases, electrical stimulation or ultrasound therapy may also be used to help promote bone growth and healing.
Pseudarthrosis is a medical term that refers to a false joint or a nonunion of bones, meaning that the broken bone ends do not heal properly and continue to move at the fracture site. This condition can cause pain, instability, and deformity in the affected limb. It may require additional treatment such as surgery to promote bone healing and stabilization.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "power plants" is not a term used in medical definitions. It is a term commonly used to refer to industrial facilities that generate and distribute power, typically in the form of electricity. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
Equipment failure is a term used in the medical field to describe the malfunction or breakdown of medical equipment, devices, or systems that are essential for patient care. This can include simple devices like syringes and thermometers, as well as complex machines such as ventilators, infusion pumps, and imaging equipment.
Equipment failure can have serious consequences for patients, including delayed or inappropriate treatment, injury, or even death. It is therefore essential that medical equipment is properly maintained, tested, and repaired to ensure its safe and effective operation.
There are many potential causes of equipment failure, including:
* Wear and tear from frequent use
* Inadequate cleaning or disinfection
* Improper handling or storage
* Power supply issues
* Software glitches or bugs
* Mechanical failures or defects
* Human error or misuse
To prevent equipment failure, healthcare facilities should have established policies and procedures for the acquisition, maintenance, and disposal of medical equipment. Staff should be trained in the proper use and handling of equipment, and regular inspections and testing should be performed to identify and address any potential issues before they lead to failure.
I believe you are asking for a medical explanation or interpretation of "electric wiring." However, the term "electric wiring" is not typically used in a medical context. It refers to the system of wires and components that distribute electricity throughout a building or device. If you're looking for a medical term related to nerves or nervous system, perhaps you meant something like "neuronal circuitry" or "nerve impulse transmission."
Neuronal circuitry refers to the complex network of interconnected neurons in the brain and nervous system that transmit signals and enable various functions. Nerve impulse transmission is the process by which electrical signals are transmitted along the length of a nerve cell, allowing communication between different parts of the body.
A tibial fracture is a medical term that refers to a break in the shin bone, which is called the tibia. The tibia is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg and is responsible for supporting much of your body weight. Tibial fractures can occur in various ways, such as from high-energy trauma like car accidents or falls, or from low-energy trauma in individuals with weakened bones due to osteoporosis or other medical conditions.
Tibial fractures can be classified into different types based on the location, pattern, and severity of the break. Some common types of tibial fractures include:
1. Transverse fracture: A straight break that goes across the bone.
2. Oblique fracture: A diagonal break that slopes across the bone.
3. Spiral fracture: A break that spirals around the bone, often caused by twisting or rotational forces.
4. Comminuted fracture: A break where the bone is shattered into multiple pieces.
5. Open fracture: A break in which the bone pierces through the skin, increasing the risk of infection.
6. Closed fracture: A break in which the bone does not pierce through the skin.
Tibial fractures can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected leg. Treatment for tibial fractures may include immobilization with a cast or brace, surgery to realign and stabilize the bone with plates, screws, or rods, and rehabilitation to restore strength, mobility, and function to the injured limb.
DNA breaks refer to any damage or disruption in the DNA molecule that results in a separation of the double helix strands. There are two types of DNA breaks: single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs).
Single-strand breaks occur when one of the two strands in the DNA duplex is cleaved, leaving the other strand intact. These breaks are usually repaired quickly and efficiently by enzymes that can recognize and repair the damage.
Double-strand breaks, on the other hand, are more serious forms of DNA damage because they result in a complete separation of both strands of the DNA duplex. DSBs can lead to genomic instability, chromosomal aberrations, and cell death if not repaired promptly and accurately.
DSBs can be caused by various factors, including ionizing radiation, chemotherapeutic agents, oxidative stress, and errors during DNA replication or repair. The body has several mechanisms to repair DSBs, including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). However, if these repair pathways are impaired or overwhelmed, DSBs can lead to mutations, cancer, and other diseases.
Equipment safety in a medical context refers to the measures taken to ensure that medical equipment is free from potential harm or risks to patients, healthcare providers, and others who may come into contact with the equipment. This includes:
1. Designing and manufacturing the equipment to meet safety standards and regulations.
2. Properly maintaining and inspecting the equipment to ensure it remains safe over time.
3. Providing proper training for healthcare providers on how to use the equipment safely.
4. Implementing safeguards, such as alarms and warnings, to alert users of potential hazards.
5. Conducting regular risk assessments to identify and address any potential safety concerns.
6. Reporting and investigating any incidents or accidents involving the equipment to determine their cause and prevent future occurrences.
Equipment Failure Analysis is a process of identifying the cause of failure in medical equipment or devices. This involves a systematic examination and evaluation of the equipment, its components, and operational history to determine why it failed. The analysis may include physical inspection, chemical testing, and review of maintenance records, as well as assessment of design, manufacturing, and usage factors that may have contributed to the failure.
The goal of Equipment Failure Analysis is to identify the root cause of the failure, so that corrective actions can be taken to prevent similar failures in the future. This is important in medical settings to ensure patient safety and maintain the reliability and effectiveness of medical equipment.
Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and is often referred to as the "hormone of darkness" because its production is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light. Melatonin plays a key role in synchronizing the circadian rhythm, the body's internal clock that regulates various biological processes over a 24-hour period.
Melatonin is primarily released at night, and its levels in the blood can rise and fall in response to changes in light and darkness in an individual's environment. Supplementing with melatonin has been found to be helpful in treating sleep disorders such as insomnia, jet lag, and delayed sleep phase syndrome. It may also have other benefits, including antioxidant properties and potential uses in the treatment of certain neurological conditions.
It is important to note that while melatonin supplements are available over-the-counter in many countries, they should still be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as their use can have potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
Fracture healing is the natural process by which a broken bone repairs itself. When a fracture occurs, the body responds by initiating a series of biological and cellular events aimed at restoring the structural integrity of the bone. This process involves the formation of a hematoma (a collection of blood) around the fracture site, followed by the activation of inflammatory cells that help to clean up debris and prepare the area for repair.
Over time, specialized cells called osteoblasts begin to lay down new bone matrix, or osteoid, along the edges of the broken bone ends. This osteoid eventually hardens into new bone tissue, forming a bridge between the fracture fragments. As this process continues, the callus (a mass of newly formed bone and connective tissue) gradually becomes stronger and more compact, eventually remodeling itself into a solid, unbroken bone.
The entire process of fracture healing can take several weeks to several months, depending on factors such as the severity of the injury, the patient's age and overall health, and the location of the fracture. In some cases, medical intervention may be necessary to help promote healing or ensure proper alignment of the bone fragments. This may include the use of casts, braces, or surgical implants such as plates, screws, or rods.
'Guidelines' in the medical context are systematically developed statements or sets of recommendations designed to assist healthcare professionals and patients in making informed decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. They are based on a thorough evaluation of the available evidence, including scientific studies, expert opinions, and patient values. Guidelines may cover a wide range of topics, such as diagnosis, treatment, prevention, screening, and management of various diseases and conditions. They aim to standardize care, improve patient outcomes, reduce unnecessary variations in practice, and promote efficient use of healthcare resources.
Electric stimulation therapy, also known as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or electromyostimulation, is a therapeutic treatment that uses electrical impulses to stimulate muscles and nerves. The electrical signals are delivered through electrodes placed on the skin near the target muscle group or nerve.
The therapy can be used for various purposes, including:
1. Pain management: Electric stimulation can help reduce pain by stimulating the release of endorphins, which are natural painkillers produced by the body. It can also help block the transmission of pain signals to the brain.
2. Muscle rehabilitation: NMES can be used to prevent muscle atrophy and maintain muscle tone in individuals who are unable to move their muscles due to injury or illness, such as spinal cord injuries or stroke.
3. Improving circulation: Electric stimulation can help improve blood flow and reduce swelling by contracting the muscles and promoting the movement of fluids in the body.
4. Wound healing: NMES can be used to promote wound healing by increasing blood flow, reducing swelling, and improving muscle function around the wound site.
5. Muscle strengthening: Electric stimulation can be used to strengthen muscles by causing them to contract and relax repeatedly, which can help improve muscle strength and endurance.
It is important to note that electric stimulation therapy should only be administered under the guidance of a trained healthcare professional, as improper use can cause harm or discomfort.
Medical Definition:
Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization, which can occur naturally (e.g., sunlight) or be produced artificially (e.g., x-rays, radioisotopes). In medicine, radiation is used diagnostically and therapeutically in various forms, such as X-rays, gamma rays, and radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat diseases like cancer. However, excessive exposure to radiation can pose health risks, including radiation sickness and increased risk of cancer.