Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.
Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth.
Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.
Implants used to reconstruct and/or cosmetically enhance the female breast. They have an outer shell or envelope of silicone elastomer and are filled with either saline or silicone gel. The outer shell may be either smooth or textured.
Artificial substitutes for body parts and materials inserted into organisms during experimental studies.
Insertion of an implant into the bone of the mandible or maxilla. The implant has an exposed head which protrudes through the mucosa and is a prosthodontic abutment.
Rounded objects made of coral, teflon, or alloplastic polymer and covered with sclera, and which are implanted in the orbit following enucleation. An artificial eye (EYE, ARTIFICIAL) is usually attached to the anterior of the orbital implant for cosmetic purposes.
Devices, usually alloplastic, surgically inserted into or onto the jawbone, which support a single prosthetic tooth and serve either as abutments or as cosmetic replacements for missing teeth.
A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A prosthesis that gains its support, stability, and retention from a substructure that is implanted under the soft tissues of the basal seat of the device and is in contact with bone. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Implants constructed of materials designed to be absorbed by the body without producing an immune response. They are usually composed of plastics and are frequently used in orthopedics and orthodontics.
Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (COCHLEAR IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the COCHLEAR NERVE in the inner ear to create sound sensation in patients with residual nerve fibers.
The plan and delineation of dental prostheses in general or a specific dental prosthesis. It does not include DENTURE DESIGN. The framework usually consists of metal.
Endosseous dental implantation where implants are fitted with an abutment or where an implant with a transmucosal coronal portion is used immediately (within 1 week) after the initial extraction. Conventionally, the implantation is performed in two stages with more than two months in between the stages.
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.
Natural teeth or teeth roots used as anchorage for a fixed or removable denture or other prosthesis (such as an implant) serving the same purpose.
The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.
Removable prosthesis constructed over natural teeth or implanted studs.
Surgical insertion of a prosthesis.
Malfunction of implantation shunts, valves, etc., and prosthesis loosening, migration, and breaking.
Holding a DENTAL PROSTHESIS in place by its design, or by the use of additional devices or adhesives.
Devices implanted to control intraocular pressure by allowing aqueous fluid to drain from the anterior chamber. (Hoffman, Pocket Glossary of Ophthalmologic Terminology, 1989)
A ready-made or custom-made prosthesis of glass or plastic shaped and colored to resemble the anterior portion of a normal eye and used for cosmetic reasons. It is attached to the anterior portion of an orbital implant (ORBITAL IMPLANTS) which is placed in the socket of an enucleated or eviscerated eye. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.
Synthetic organosiloxane gels that are formed from synthetic polymers of silicone oxide with organic sidechains (polydimethylsiloxane) by lengthening the polymer chains. Unlike silicone elastomers, they are not treated with amorphous silica. They are used as fillers in breast implants.
An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.
Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.
A broad family of synthetic organosiloxane polymers containing a repeating silicon-oxygen backbone with organic side groups attached via carbon-silicon bonds. Depending on their structure, they are classified as liquids, gels, and elastomers. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.
The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequences of phonetic segments which combine to form lexical and grammatical morphemes).
Inability or inadequacy of a dental restoration or prosthesis to perform as expected.
The shrinkage of the foreign body encapsulation scar tissue that forms around artificial implants imbedded in body tissues.
The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
An inflammatory process with loss of supporting bone in the tissues surrounding functioning DENTAL IMPLANTS.
Procedures for correcting HEARING DISORDERS.
The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.
Replacement for a hip joint.
The plan and delineation of DENTAL IMPLANT fitting with DENTAL ABUTMENT.
Preprosthetic surgery involving rib, cartilage, or iliac crest bone grafts, usually autologous, or synthetic implants for rebuilding the alveolar ridge.
Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.
Surgical insertion of an inert sac filled with silicone or other material to augment the female form cosmetically.
Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)
A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions.
Partial hearing loss in both ears.
A non-steroidal estrogen analog.
The surgical removal of the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact. It should be differentiated from ORBIT EVISCERATION which removes the entire contents of the orbit, including eyeball, blood vessels, muscles, fat, nerve supply, and periosteum.
The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.
Tantalum. A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Persons with any degree of loss of hearing that has an impact on their activities of daily living or that requires special assistance or intervention.
Replacement for a knee joint.
A partial denture attached to prepared natural teeth, roots, or implants by cementation.
Removal of an implanted therapeutic or prosthetic device.
Specialized devices used in ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY to repair bone fractures.
Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE.
The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.
Replacement of the hip joint.
A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.
Multi-channel hearing devices typically used for patients who have tumors on the COCHLEAR NERVE and are unable to benefit from COCHLEAR IMPLANTS after tumor surgery that severs the cochlear nerve. The device electrically stimulates the nerves of cochlea nucleus in the BRAIN STEM rather than the inner ear as in cochlear implants.
Devices, usually incorporating unidirectional valves, which are surgically inserted in the sclera to maintain normal intraocular pressure.
A complete denture replacing all the natural mandibular teeth and associated structures. It is completely supported by the oral tissue and underlying mandibular bone.
Polymers of silicone that are formed by crosslinking and treatment with amorphous silica to increase strength. They have properties similar to vulcanized natural rubber, in that they stretch under tension, retract rapidly, and fully recover to their original dimensions upon release. They are used in the encapsulation of surgical membranes and implants.
Infections resulting from the implantation of prosthetic devices. The infections may be acquired from intraoperative contamination (early) or hematogenously acquired from other sites (late).
Condition of having pores or open spaces. This often refers to bones, bone implants, or bone cements, but can refer to the porous state of any solid substance.
Partial or total replacement of a joint.
The surgical removal of the eyeball leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.
Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.
These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
Attachment of orthodontic devices and materials to the MOUTH area for support and to provide a counterforce to orthodontic forces.
The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.
The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty for joining of the acetabular component to the femoral component). In dentistry, it is used for the process of attaching parts of a tooth or restorative material to a natural tooth or for the attaching of orthodontic bands to teeth by means of an adhesive.
A vinyl polymer made from ethylene. It can be branched or linear. Branched or low-density polyethylene is tough and pliable but not to the same degree as linear polyethylene. Linear or high-density polyethylene has a greater hardness and tensile strength. Polyethylene is used in a variety of products, including implants and prostheses.
Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.
A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
The air space located in the body of the MAXILLARY BONE near each cheek. Each maxillary sinus communicates with the middle passage (meatus) of the NASAL CAVITY on the same side.
Internal devices used in osteosynthesis to hold the position of the fracture in proper alignment. By applying the principles of biomedical engineering, the surgeon uses metal plates, nails, rods, etc., for the correction of skeletal defects.
The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.
One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.
A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.
Tests of the ability to hear and understand speech as determined by scoring the number of words in a word list repeated correctly.
Ability to make speech sounds that are recognizable.
The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.
Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.
Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc.
A hollow part of the alveolar process of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE where each tooth fits and is attached via the periodontal ligament.
Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures. Synthetic resins are commonly used as cements. A mixture of monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate with a sodium phosphate solution is also a useful bone paste.
Synthetic thermoplastics that are tough, flexible, inert, and resistant to chemicals and electrical current. They are often used as biocompatible materials for prostheses and implants.
A prosthetic restoration that reproduces the entire surface anatomy of the visible natural crown of a tooth. It may be partial (covering three or more surfaces of a tooth) or complete (covering all surfaces). It is made of gold or other metal, porcelain, or resin.
Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc.
Surgery necessary for a denture to rest on a firm base, free from marked osseous protuberances or undercuts, and devoid of interfering muscle attachments, excess mucoperiosteum, hyperplasias, and fibrous or papillary growths.

Blood thymidine level and iododeoxyuridine incorporation and reutilization in DNA in mice given long-acting thymidine pellets. (1/1204)

A long-acting thymidine pellet consisting of 190 mg of cholesterol and 60 mg of thymidine has been developed for the study of thymidine metabolism and reutilization in vivo. Implantation of such a pellet s.c. in adult mice will maintain the blood plasma concentration of thymidine at levels between 40 and 8 X 10(-6) M, which are from 36 to 7 times those of normal mice, for periods up to 48 hr. During this period, in vivo uptake and reutilization of [125I]iododeoxyuridine, a thymidine analog, into intestinal and tumor DNA were almost completely suppressed. While iododeoxyuridine reutilization is not large in normal proliferative tissue even in the absence of pellet implants, reutilization of over 30% was measured in large, rapidly growing ascites tumors. The inhibition of iododeoxyuridine incorporation by elevated thymidine blood levels is directly proportional to serum concentration. This appears to be due to a thymidine pool in rapid equilibrium with blood thymidine. This pool is at least 10 times larger than the 4-nmole pool of extracellular thymidine.  (+info)

The effects of levonorgestrel implants on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the endometrium. (2/1204)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the microvascular density of the endometrium were studied in Norplant users and normal controls, using immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded endometrial sections. The VEGF staining index was quantified using computerized image analysis. The VEGF staining index between stages of the menstrual cycle and between normal and Norplant endometria were compared. Norplant VEGF staining index was analysed for correlation with microvascular density, duration of Norplant use, the number of bleeding/spotting days in the reference period up to 90 days prior to biopsy, and the length of time since the last bleeding/spotting episode. The results showed that immunoreactive VEGF was detected predominantly in endometrial glands but weakly expressed in the stroma throughout the menstrual cycle, and also in Norplant users. Large variation in the VEGF staining index between individuals was observed and no significant difference in the VEGF staining index was detected between stages of the menstrual cycle for the glands and stroma. The glandular and stromal VEGF staining indices were significantly higher in Norplant than in normal endometrium (P<1x10(-4)). No correlation was found between the Norplant VEGF staining index and endometrial microvascular density, duration of Norplant use, the number of bleeding/spotting days in the reference period, and the length of time since the last bleeding/spotting episode. The VEGF staining index was higher in glands than stroma for both normal and Norplant endometrium. The results suggest a differential control of endometrial glandular versus stromal VEGF expression, and possible positive effects of levonorgestrel on VEGF expression.  (+info)

Ectopic bone morphogenetic proteins 5 and 4 in the chicken forebrain lead to cyclopia and holoprosencephaly. (3/1204)

Proper dorsal-ventral patterning in the developing central nervous system requires signals from both the dorsal and ventral portions of the neural tube. Data from multiple studies have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and Sonic hedgehog protein are secreted factors that regulate dorsal and ventral specification, respectively, within the caudal neural tube. In the developing rostral central nervous system Sonic hedgehog protein also participates in ventral regionalization; however, the roles of BMPs in the developing brain are less clear. We hypothesized that BMPs also play a role in dorsal specification of the vertebrate forebrain. To test our hypothesis we implanted beads soaked in recombinant BMP5 or BMP4 into the neural tube of the chicken forebrain. Experimental embryos showed a loss of the basal telencephalon that resulted in holoprosencephaly (a single cerebral hemisphere), cyclopia (a single midline eye), and loss of ventral midline structures. In situ hybridization using a panel of probes to genes expressed in the dorsal and ventral forebrain revealed the loss of ventral markers with the maintenance of dorsal markers. Furthermore, we found that the loss of the basal telencephalon was the result of excessive cell death and not a change in cell fates. These data provide evidence that BMP signaling participates in dorsal-ventral patterning of the developing brain in vivo, and disturbances in dorsal-ventral signaling result in specific malformations of the forebrain.  (+info)

Cephalosporin and aminoglycoside concentrations in peritoneal capsular fluid in rabbits. (4/1204)

To study the penetration of antibiotics into peritoneal tissue fluid, a subcutaneous tissue capsule model was modified by implanting multiple, perforated spherical capsules in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. Capsules became vascularized, encased in connective tissue, and filled with fluid having a mean protein concentration of 3.6 g/100 ml. Capsular fluid was obtained by percutaneous needle aspiration and assayed for antibiotic by the disk plate bioassay technique. Cephalosporins were administered intramuscularly at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Mean peak concentrations of cephaloridine and cefazolin were significantly higher than cephalothin and cephapirin in capsular fluids, but the percent penetration (ratio of capsular mean peak to serum mean peak) ranged from 8.7 to 16.9% and was not significantly different among the cephalosporins. At 24 h the capsular concentration of cefazolin was significantly greater than for the other cephalosporins (P < 0.001). Lower rabbit serum protein binding observed at high in vivo concentrations may have enabled cefazolin to penetrate capsular fluid, but in vitro protein binding studies did not confirm a decrease in serum protein binding at high concentrations within the clinical range. Kanamycin and amikacin showed comparable capsular fluid peak concentrations as did gentamicin and tobramycin. The percent penetration ranged from 15.2 to 34.5% for the aminoglycosides. The only statistical difference was that amikacin penetration was significantly higher than that for tobramycin. Mean capsular concentrations of amikacin, cefazolin, and cephaloridine compared most favorably with the minimum inhibitory concentration of gram-negative bacilli at the dosages used in this study.  (+info)

Synchronization of estrus in beef cattle with norgestomet and estradiol valerate. (5/1204)

Fifty-six cows received a norgestomet implant and an injection of norgestomet and estradiol valerate; half (n = 28) received 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) at implant removal, 9 d later. A third group (n = 25) received 2 doses of cloprostenol (500 micrograms) 11 d apart. Estrous rate was higher (P < 0.05) for cows given norgestomet and estradiol plus 500 IU eCG (75.0%) than for those receiving cloprostenol (44.0%); for those receiving norgestomet and estradiol alone, it was intermediate (67.8%). Pregnancy rates to artificial insemination (after estrus or timed) were higher (P < 0.05) for cows given norgestomet and estradiol than for those given cloprostenol (23 of 28, 82.1% vs 13 of 25, 52.0%), and intermediate (67.8%) for those given norgestomet and estradiol plus eCG. In a second experiment, for heifers treated with norgestomet and estradiol plus eCG (n = 15) or with 2 doses of cloprostenol (n = 16), estrous rates were 66.7% vs 56.2% (P > 0.5), ovulation rates were 100.0% vs 81.2% (P = 0.08), intervals from implant removal or cloprostenol treatment to estrus were 48.0 +/- 4.4 hours vs 61.3 +/- 7.0 hours (P = 0.12) and to ovulation were 70.4 +/- 4.4 hours vs 93.2 +/- 7.5 hours (P < 0.01), respectively; pregnancy rates were 41.7 and 35.7%, respectively (P > 0.5). Norgestomet and estradiol were as good as (heifers) or superior to (cows) a 2-dose cloprostenol regimen. In cows given norgestomet and estradiol, injecting eCG at implant removal did not significantly improve estrous or pregnancy rates.  (+info)

Oral ganciclovir for patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with a ganciclovir implant. Roche Ganciclovir Study Group. (6/1204)

BACKGROUND: The intraocular ganciclovir implant is effective for local treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but it does not treat or prevent other systemic manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection. METHODS: Three hundred seventy-seven patients with AIDS and unilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: a ganciclovir implant plus oral ganciclovir (4.5 g daily), a ganciclovir implant plus oral placebo, or intravenous ganciclovir alone. The primary outcome measure was the development of new cytomegalovirus disease, either contralateral retinitis or biopsy-proved extraocular disease. RESULTS: The incidence of new cytomegalovirus disease at six months was 44.3 percent in the group assigned to the ganciclovir implant plus placebo, as compared with 24.3 percent in the group assigned to the ganciclovir implant plus oral ganciclovir (P=0.002) and 19.6 percent in the group assigned to intravenous ganciclovir alone (P<0.001). As compared with placebo, oral ganciclovir reduced the overall risk of new cytomegalovirus disease by 37.6 percent over the one-year period of the study (P=0.02). However, in the subgroup of 103 patients who took protease inhibitors, the rates of new cytomegalovirus disease were low and of similar magnitude, regardless of treatment assignment. Progression of retinitis in the eye that initially received an implant was delayed by the addition of oral ganciclovir, as compared with placebo (P=0.03). Treatment with oral or intravenous ganciclovir reduced the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma by 75 percent (P=0.008) and 93 percent (P<0.001), respectively, as compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis, oral ganciclovir in conjunction with a ganciclovir implant reduces the incidence of new cytomegalovirus disease and delays progression of the retinitis. Treatment with oral or intravenous ganciclovir also reduces the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma.  (+info)

17 beta-estradiol reduces glycoxidative damage in the artery wall. (7/1204)

Glycoxidative damage in the vasculature has been linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Estrogens protect against the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Because estrogens are potent antioxidants that also effect glucose metabolism, part of their protection against atherosclerosis could be through attenuation of glycoxidative damage in the vascular wall. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic estradiol administration is associated with decreased levels of glycoxidative damage in arterial walls. We harvested and examined iliac arteries from ovariectomized, 8-month-old rats that had been implanted for 6 months with 1 of the following subcutaneous hormone pellets: low estradiol (2.5 mg estradiol), high estradiol (25 mg estradiol), P4 (200 mg progesterone), low estradiol and P4, placebo (no hormone), or control (no implant). Using pentosidine as a biomarker of glycoxidative damage, we found that all vessels from rats receiving estradiol (low estradiol, high estradiol, and low estradiol+P4) exhibited a 50% reduction in glycoxidative damage compared with P4, placebo, and control vessels (P<0.05). Consistent with this finding, we observed that estradiol-treated rats had a 30% decrease in tissue levels of hydroperoxides, a marker of oxidative stress. Finally, estradiol-treated rats had a small, but significant, decrease in plasma glucose levels (P<0.01). In summary, we report the novel finding that chronic estrogen administration is associated with significant decreases in glycoxidative damage and oxidative stress in the arterial wall. It seems likely that these actions may constitute a mechanism by which estrogen attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis.  (+info)

Millimeter-scale positioning of a nerve-growth-factor source and biological activity in the brain. (8/1204)

Toxicity prevents the systemic administration of many therapeutic proteins, and attempts at protein targeting via the circulatory system (i.e., "magic bullets") have failed in all but a few special cases. Direct administration at the target site is a logical alternative, particularly in the central nervous system, but the limits of direct administration have not been defined clearly. Nerve growth factor (NGF) enhances survival of cholinergic neurons and, therefore, has generated considerable interest for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We tested the effectiveness of local delivery by implanting small polymer pellets that slowly released NGF into the central nervous system of adult rats at controlled distances from a target site containing transplanted fetal cholinergic cells. NGF-releasing implants placed within 1-2 mm of the treatment site enhanced the biological function of cellular targets, whereas identical implants placed approximately 3 mm from the target site of treatment produced no beneficial effect. Effective NGF therapy required millimeter-scale positioning of the NGF source, and efficacy correlated with the spatial distribution of NGF concentration in the tissue; this result suggests that NGF must be delivered within several millimeters of the target to be effective in treating Alzheimer's disease. Because the human brain is divided into functional regions that are typically several centimeters in diameter and often irregular in shape, new methods for sculpting larger-scale drug fields are needed. We illustrate a concept, called pharmacotectonics, in which drug-delivery systems are arranged spatially in tissues to shape concentration fields for potent agents.  (+info)

A drug implant is a medical device that is specially designed to provide controlled release of a medication into the body over an extended period of time. Drug implants can be placed under the skin or in various body cavities, depending on the specific medical condition being treated. They are often used when other methods of administering medication, such as oral pills or injections, are not effective or practical.

Drug implants come in various forms, including rods, pellets, and small capsules. The medication is contained within the device and is released slowly over time, either through diffusion or erosion of the implant material. This allows for a steady concentration of the drug to be maintained in the body, which can help to improve treatment outcomes and reduce side effects.

Some common examples of drug implants include:

1. Hormonal implants: These are small rods that are inserted under the skin of the upper arm and release hormones such as progestin or estrogen over a period of several years. They are often used for birth control or to treat conditions such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
2. Intraocular implants: These are small devices that are placed in the eye during surgery to release medication directly into the eye. They are often used to treat conditions such as age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy.
3. Bone cement implants: These are specially formulated cements that contain antibiotics and are used to fill bone defects or joint spaces during surgery. The antibiotics are released slowly over time, helping to prevent infection.
4. Implantable pumps: These are small devices that are placed under the skin and deliver medication directly into a specific body cavity, such as the spinal cord or the peritoneal cavity. They are often used to treat chronic pain or cancer.

Overall, drug implants offer several advantages over other methods of administering medication, including improved compliance, reduced side effects, and more consistent drug levels in the body. However, they may also have some disadvantages, such as the need for surgical placement and the potential for infection or other complications. As with any medical treatment, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits of drug implants with a healthcare provider.

Dental implants are artificial tooth roots that are surgically placed into the jawbone to replace missing or extracted teeth. They are typically made of titanium, a biocompatible material that can fuse with the bone over time in a process called osseointegration. Once the implant has integrated with the bone, a dental crown, bridge, or denture can be attached to it to restore function and aesthetics to the mouth.

Dental implants are a popular choice for tooth replacement because they offer several advantages over traditional options like dentures or bridges. They are more stable and comfortable, as they do not rely on adjacent teeth for support and do not slip or move around in the mouth. Additionally, dental implants can help to preserve jawbone density and prevent facial sagging that can occur when teeth are missing.

The process of getting dental implants typically involves several appointments with a dental specialist called a prosthodontist or an oral surgeon. During the first appointment, the implant is placed into the jawbone, and the gum tissue is stitched closed. Over the next few months, the implant will fuse with the bone. Once this process is complete, a second surgery may be necessary to expose the implant and attach an abutment, which connects the implant to the dental restoration. Finally, the crown, bridge, or denture is attached to the implant, providing a natural-looking and functional replacement for the missing tooth.

Prostheses: Artificial substitutes or replacements for missing body parts, such as limbs, eyes, or teeth. They are designed to restore the function, appearance, or mobility of the lost part. Prosthetic devices can be categorized into several types, including:

1. External prostheses: Devices that are attached to the outside of the body, like artificial arms, legs, hands, and feet. These may be further classified into:
a. Cosmetic or aesthetic prostheses: Primarily designed to improve the appearance of the affected area.
b. Functional prostheses: Designed to help restore the functionality and mobility of the lost limb.
2. Internal prostheses: Implanted artificial parts that replace missing internal organs, bones, or tissues, such as heart valves, hip joints, or intraocular lenses.

Implants: Medical devices or substances that are intentionally placed inside the body to replace or support a missing or damaged biological structure, deliver medication, monitor physiological functions, or enhance bodily functions. Examples of implants include:

1. Orthopedic implants: Devices used to replace or reinforce damaged bones, joints, or cartilage, such as knee or hip replacements.
2. Cardiovascular implants: Devices that help support or regulate heart function, like pacemakers, defibrillators, and artificial heart valves.
3. Dental implants: Artificial tooth roots that are placed into the jawbone to support dental prostheses, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.
4. Neurological implants: Devices used to stimulate nerves, brain structures, or spinal cord tissues to treat various neurological conditions, like deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease or cochlear implants for hearing loss.
5. Ophthalmic implants: Artificial lenses that are placed inside the eye to replace a damaged or removed natural lens, such as intraocular lenses used in cataract surgery.

Breast implants are medical devices that are inserted into the breast to enhance their size, shape, or fullness. They can also be used for breast reconstruction after a mastectomy or other medical treatments. Breast implants typically consist of a silicone shell filled with either saline (sterile saltwater) or silicone gel.

There are two main types of breast implants:

1. Saline-filled implants: These implants have a silicone outer shell that is filled with sterile saline solution after the implant has been inserted into the breast. This allows for some adjustment in the size and shape of the implant after surgery.
2. Silicone gel-filled implants: These implants have a silicone outer shell that is pre-filled with a cohesive silicone gel. The gel is designed to feel more like natural breast tissue than saline implants.

Breast implants come in various sizes, shapes, and textures, and the choice of implant will depend on several factors, including the patient's body type, desired outcome, and personal preference. It is important for patients considering breast implants to discuss their options with a qualified plastic surgeon who can help them make an informed decision based on their individual needs and goals.

Experimental implants refer to medical devices that are not yet approved by regulatory authorities for general use in medical practice. These are typically being tested in clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy. The purpose of experimental implants is to determine whether they can be used as a viable treatment option for various medical conditions. They may include, but are not limited to, devices such as artificial joints, heart valves, or spinal cord stimulators that are still in the developmental or testing stage. Participation in clinical trials involving experimental implants is voluntary and usually requires informed consent from the patient.

Endosseous dental implantation is a medical procedure that involves the placement of an artificial tooth root (dental implant) directly into the jawbone. The term "endosseous" refers to the surgical placement of the implant within the bone (endo- meaning "within" and -osseous meaning "bony"). This type of dental implant is the most common and widely used method for replacing missing teeth.

During the procedure, a small incision is made in the gum tissue to expose the jawbone, and a hole is drilled into the bone to receive the implant. The implant is then carefully positioned and secured within the bone. Once the implant has integrated with the bone (a process that can take several months), a dental crown or bridge is attached to the implant to restore function and aesthetics to the mouth.

Endosseous dental implantation is a safe and effective procedure that has a high success rate, making it an excellent option for patients who are missing one or more teeth due to injury, decay, or other causes.

Orbital implants are medical devices used in the field of ophthalmology, specifically for orbital fracture repair and enucleation or evisceration procedures. They serve as a replacement for the natural eye structure (the eyeball) when it is removed due to various reasons such as severe trauma, tumors, or painful blind eyes.

Orbital implants are typically made of biocompatible materials like porous polyethylene, hydroxyapatite, or glass. These materials allow for the growth of fibrovascular tissue into the pores, which helps to integrate the implant with the surrounding tissues and minimize movement. The size of the implant is chosen based on the individual patient's needs and may vary from 16mm to 24mm in diameter.

The primary function of orbital implants is to restore the volume and shape of the eye socket, maintain proper eyelid position and function, and provide a foundation for the attachment of an ocular prosthesis (artificial eye) that can be worn over the implant to give a more natural appearance.

A dental implant is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, facial prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic anchor.

A single-tooth dental implant specifically refers to the replacement of a single missing tooth. The process typically involves three stages:

1. Placement: A titanium screw is placed into the jawbone where the missing tooth once was, acting as a root for the new tooth.
2. Osseointegration: Over several months, the jawbone grows around and fuses with the implant, creating a strong and stable foundation for the replacement tooth.
3. Restoration: A custom-made crown is attached to the implant, restoring the natural appearance and function of the missing tooth.

Single-tooth dental implants are a popular choice because they look, feel, and function like natural teeth, and they do not require the alteration of adjacent teeth, as is necessary with traditional bridgework.

Titanium is not a medical term, but rather a chemical element (symbol Ti, atomic number 22) that is widely used in the medical field due to its unique properties. Medically, it is often referred to as a biocompatible material used in various medical applications such as:

1. Orthopedic implants: Titanium and its alloys are used for making joint replacements (hips, knees, shoulders), bone plates, screws, and rods due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
2. Dental implants: Titanium is also commonly used in dental applications like implants, crowns, and bridges because of its ability to osseointegrate, or fuse directly with bone tissue, providing a stable foundation for replacement teeth.
3. Cardiovascular devices: Titanium alloys are used in the construction of heart valves, pacemakers, and other cardiovascular implants due to their non-magnetic properties, which prevent interference with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
4. Medical instruments: Due to its resistance to corrosion and high strength, titanium is used in the manufacturing of various medical instruments such as surgical tools, needles, and catheters.

In summary, Titanium is a chemical element with unique properties that make it an ideal material for various medical applications, including orthopedic and dental implants, cardiovascular devices, and medical instruments.

A dental prosthesis that is supported by dental implants is an artificial replacement for one or more missing teeth. It is a type of dental restoration that is anchored to the jawbone using one or more titanium implant posts, which are surgically placed into the bone. The prosthesis is then attached to the implants, providing a stable and secure fit that closely mimics the function and appearance of natural teeth.

There are several types of implant-supported dental prostheses, including crowns, bridges, and dentures. A single crown may be used to replace a single missing tooth, while a bridge or denture can be used to replace multiple missing teeth. The specific type of prosthesis used will depend on the number and location of the missing teeth, as well as the patient's individual needs and preferences.

Implant-supported dental prostheses offer several advantages over traditional removable dentures, including improved stability, comfort, and functionality. They also help to preserve jawbone density and prevent facial sagging that can occur when teeth are missing. However, they do require a surgical procedure to place the implants, and may not be suitable for all patients due to factors such as bone density or overall health status.

Absorbable implants are medical devices that are designed to be placed inside the body during a surgical procedure, where they provide support, stabilization, or other functions, and then gradually break down and are absorbed by the body over time. These implants are typically made from materials such as polymers, proteins, or ceramics that have been engineered to degrade at a controlled rate, allowing them to be resorbed and eliminated from the body without the need for a second surgical procedure to remove them.

Absorbable implants are often used in orthopedic, dental, and plastic surgery applications, where they can help promote healing and support tissue regeneration. For example, absorbable screws or pins may be used to stabilize fractured bones during the healing process, after which they will gradually dissolve and be absorbed by the body. Similarly, absorbable membranes may be used in dental surgery to help guide the growth of new bone and gum tissue around an implant, and then be resorbed over time.

It's important to note that while absorbable implants offer several advantages over non-absorbable materials, such as reduced risk of infection and improved patient comfort, they may also have some limitations. For example, the mechanical properties of absorbable materials may not be as strong as those of non-absorbable materials, which could affect their performance in certain applications. Additionally, the degradation products of absorbable implants may cause local inflammation or other adverse reactions in some patients. As with any medical device, the use of absorbable implants should be carefully considered and discussed with a qualified healthcare professional.

Cochlear implantation is a surgical procedure in which a device called a cochlear implant is inserted into the inner ear (cochlea) of a person with severe to profound hearing loss. The implant consists of an external component, which includes a microphone, processor, and transmitter, and an internal component, which includes a receiver and electrode array.

The microphone picks up sounds from the environment and sends them to the processor, which analyzes and converts the sounds into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the receiver, which stimulates the electrode array in the cochlea. The electrodes directly stimulate the auditory nerve fibers, bypassing the damaged hair cells in the inner ear that are responsible for normal hearing.

The brain interprets these electrical signals as sound, allowing the person to perceive and understand speech and other sounds. Cochlear implantation is typically recommended for people who do not benefit from traditional hearing aids and can significantly improve communication, quality of life, and social integration for those with severe to profound hearing loss.

A dental prosthesis is a device that replaces missing teeth or parts of teeth and restores their function and appearance. The design of a dental prosthesis refers to the plan and specifications used to create it, including the materials, shape, size, and arrangement of the artificial teeth and any supporting structures.

The design of a dental prosthesis is typically based on a variety of factors, including:

* The number and location of missing teeth
* The condition of the remaining teeth and gums
* The patient's bite and jaw alignment
* The patient's aesthetic preferences
* The patient's ability to chew and speak properly

There are several types of dental prostheses, including:

* Dentures: A removable appliance that replaces all or most of the upper or lower teeth.
* Fixed partial denture (FPD): Also known as a bridge, this is a fixed (non-removable) appliance that replaces one or more missing teeth by attaching artificial teeth to the remaining natural teeth on either side of the gap.
* Removable partial denture (RPD): A removable appliance that replaces some but not all of the upper or lower teeth.
* Implant-supported prosthesis: An artificial tooth or set of teeth that is supported by dental implants, which are surgically placed in the jawbone.

The design of a dental prosthesis must be carefully planned and executed to ensure a good fit, proper function, and natural appearance. It may involve several appointments with a dentist or dental specialist, such as a prosthodontist, to take impressions, make measurements, and try in the finished prosthesis.

Immediate dental implant loading is a dental procedure where a dental implant is placed and a restoration (such as a crown, bridge, or denture) is attached to it during the same appointment or immediately after the implant surgery. Traditionally, dental implants were allowed to heal and integrate with the jawbone for several months before loading (placing the restoration), but recent advances in implant technology and surgical techniques have made immediate loading a viable option in certain cases.

The success of immediate dental implant loading depends on various factors such as the patient's oral health, the quality and quantity of bone, the type and location of the implant, and the expertise of the dental professional. Immediate loading can offer several benefits, including reduced treatment time, fewer surgical procedures, and improved aesthetics and function. However, it is not always suitable for every patient or situation, and a thorough evaluation is necessary to determine if immediate loading is the best option.

Deafness is a hearing loss that is so severe that it results in significant difficulty in understanding or comprehending speech, even when using hearing aids. It can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life due to various causes such as disease, injury, infection, exposure to loud noises, or aging. Deafness can range from mild to profound and may affect one ear (unilateral) or both ears (bilateral). In some cases, deafness may be accompanied by tinnitus, which is the perception of ringing or other sounds in the ears.

Deaf individuals often use American Sign Language (ASL) or other forms of sign language to communicate. Some people with less severe hearing loss may benefit from hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive listening devices. Deafness can have significant social, educational, and vocational implications, and early intervention and appropriate support services are critical for optimal development and outcomes.

A dental abutment is a component of a dental implant restoration that connects the implant to the replacement tooth or teeth. It serves as a support structure and is attached to the implant, which is surgically placed in the jawbone. The abutment provides a stable foundation for the placement of a crown, bridge, or denture, depending on the patient's individual needs.

Dental abutments can be made from various materials such as titanium, zirconia, or other biocompatible materials. They come in different shapes and sizes to accommodate the specific requirements of each implant case. The selection of an appropriate dental abutment is crucial for ensuring a successful and long-lasting dental implant restoration.

Prosthesis design is a specialized field in medical device technology that involves creating and developing artificial substitutes to replace a missing body part, such as a limb, tooth, eye, or internal organ. The design process typically includes several stages: assessment of the patient's needs, selection of appropriate materials, creation of a prototype, testing and refinement, and final fabrication and fitting of the prosthesis.

The goal of prosthesis design is to create a device that functions as closely as possible to the natural body part it replaces, while also being comfortable, durable, and aesthetically pleasing for the patient. The design process may involve collaboration between medical professionals, engineers, and designers, and may take into account factors such as the patient's age, lifestyle, occupation, and overall health.

Prosthesis design can be highly complex, particularly for advanced devices such as robotic limbs or implantable organs. These devices often require sophisticated sensors, actuators, and control systems to mimic the natural functions of the body part they replace. As a result, prosthesis design is an active area of research and development in the medical field, with ongoing efforts to improve the functionality, comfort, and affordability of these devices for patients.

A dental prosthesis known as an "overlay denture" is a type of removable restoration that covers and restores only the occlusal (biting) surfaces of the natural teeth, while leaving the remaining tooth structure and surrounding soft tissues intact. This type of denture is typically used when there are still sufficient healthy tooth structures present to provide support and stability for the prosthesis.

Overlay dentures can be made from various materials such as acrylic resin or metal alloys, and they can be fabricated to fit over the natural teeth with precision, ensuring optimal comfort and functionality. These dentures are designed to improve the patient's ability to chew and speak properly, while also enhancing their smile and overall oral esthetics.

It is important to note that proper dental hygiene and regular check-ups with a dental professional are essential for maintaining good oral health and ensuring the longevity of an overlay denture.

Prosthesis implantation is a surgical procedure where an artificial device or component, known as a prosthesis, is placed inside the body to replace a missing or damaged body part. The prosthesis can be made from various materials such as metal, plastic, or ceramic and is designed to perform the same function as the original body part.

The implantation procedure involves making an incision in the skin to create a pocket where the prosthesis will be placed. The prosthesis is then carefully positioned and secured in place using screws, cement, or other fixation methods. In some cases, tissue from the patient's own body may be used to help anchor the prosthesis.

Once the prosthesis is in place, the incision is closed with sutures or staples, and the area is bandaged. The patient will typically need to undergo rehabilitation and physical therapy to learn how to use the new prosthesis and regain mobility and strength.

Prosthesis implantation is commonly performed for a variety of reasons, including joint replacement due to arthritis or injury, dental implants to replace missing teeth, and breast reconstruction after mastectomy. The specific procedure and recovery time will depend on the type and location of the prosthesis being implanted.

Prosthesis failure is a term used to describe a situation where a prosthetic device, such as an artificial joint or limb, has stopped functioning or failed to meet its intended purpose. This can be due to various reasons, including mechanical failure, infection, loosening of the device, or a reaction to the materials used in the prosthesis.

Mechanical failure can occur due to wear and tear, manufacturing defects, or improper use of the prosthetic device. Infection can also lead to prosthesis failure, particularly in cases where the prosthesis is implanted inside the body. The immune system may react to the presence of the foreign material, leading to inflammation and infection.

Loosening of the prosthesis can also cause it to fail over time, as the device becomes less stable and eventually stops working properly. Additionally, some people may have a reaction to the materials used in the prosthesis, leading to tissue damage or other complications that can result in prosthesis failure.

In general, prosthesis failure can lead to decreased mobility, pain, and the need for additional surgeries or treatments to correct the problem. It is important for individuals with prosthetic devices to follow their healthcare provider's instructions carefully to minimize the risk of prosthesis failure and ensure that the device continues to function properly over time.

Dental prosthesis retention refers to the means by which a dental prosthesis, such as a denture, is held in place in the mouth. The retention can be achieved through several methods, including:

1. Suction: This is the most common method of retention for lower dentures, where the shape and fit of the denture base create suction against the gums to hold it in place.
2. Mechanical retention: This involves the use of mechanical components such as clasps or attachments that hook onto remaining natural teeth or dental implants to hold the prosthesis in place.
3. Adhesive retention: Dental adhesives can be used to help secure the denture to the gums, providing additional retention and stability.
4. Implant retention: Dental implants can be used to provide a more secure and stable retention of the dental prosthesis. The implant is surgically placed in the jawbone and acts as an anchor for the prosthesis.

Proper retention of a dental prosthesis is essential for optimal function, comfort, and speech. A well-retained prosthesis can help prevent sore spots, improve chewing efficiency, and enhance overall quality of life.

A Molteno implant refers to a type of glaucoma drainage device used in ophthalmology to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with uncontrolled glaucoma. The device consists of a small plastic plate with a silicone tube that is implanted into the eye during a surgical procedure.

The tube creates a passage for the aqueous humor, the fluid inside the eye, to flow out of the eye and into a reservoir created by the plate, which is positioned under the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye). The fluid is then absorbed by the body, reducing the IOP within the eye.

The Molteno implant is typically used in cases where other glaucoma treatments have failed, and it provides a long-term solution for managing IOP and preventing further damage to the optic nerve and visual field. It is named after Anthony Molteno, who developed the device in the 1960s.

An artificial eye, also known as a prosthetic eye, is a type of medical device that is used to replace a natural eye that has been removed or is not functional due to injury, disease, or congenital abnormalities. It is typically made of acrylic or glass and is custom-made to match the size, shape, and color of the patient's other eye as closely as possible.

The artificial eye is designed to fit over the eye socket and rest on the eyelids, allowing the person to have a more natural appearance and improve their ability to blink and close their eye. It does not restore vision, but it can help protect the eye socket and improve the patient's self-esteem and quality of life.

The process of fitting an artificial eye typically involves several appointments with an ocularist, who is a healthcare professional trained in the measurement, design, and fabrication of prosthetic eyes. The ocularist will take impressions of the eye socket, create a model, and then use that model to make the artificial eye. Once the artificial eye is made, the ocularist will fit it and make any necessary adjustments to ensure that it is comfortable and looks natural.

A foreign-body reaction is an immune response that occurs when a non-native substance, or "foreign body," is introduced into the human body. This can include things like splinters, surgical implants, or even injected medications. The immune system recognizes these substances as foreign and mounts a response to try to eliminate them.

The initial response to a foreign body is often an acute inflammatory reaction, characterized by the release of chemical mediators that cause vasodilation, increased blood flow, and the migration of white blood cells to the site. This can result in symptoms such as redness, swelling, warmth, and pain.

If the foreign body is not eliminated, a chronic inflammatory response may develop, which can lead to the formation of granulation tissue, fibrosis, and encapsulation of the foreign body. In some cases, this reaction can cause significant tissue damage or impede proper healing.

It's worth noting that not all foreign bodies necessarily elicit a strong immune response. The nature and size of the foreign body, as well as its location in the body, can all influence the severity of the reaction.

Silicone gels are synthetic substances that are made from the polymerization of silicone, which is a combination of silicon, oxygen, and other elements such as carbon and hydrogen. In medical terms, silicone gels are often used in the manufacture of breast implants, where they are used to fill the implant shells. The gel has a soft, flexible texture that feels similar to natural breast tissue.

Silicone gels can also be used in other medical devices such as contact lenses, catheters, and wound dressings. They have a number of properties that make them useful for medical applications, including their ability to maintain their shape and flexibility, their resistance to heat and chemicals, and their low toxicity.

It is important to note that while silicone gels are generally considered safe for use in medical devices, there have been concerns raised about the potential health effects of breast implants filled with silicone gel. Some studies have suggested a link between silicone breast implants and certain health problems, such as connective tissue diseases and autoimmune disorders, but the evidence is not conclusive and more research is needed to fully understand the risks.

Trenbolone Acetate is an esterified form of the synthetic steroid hormone Trenbolone. It is a potent anabolic and androgenic steroid, which is used in veterinary medicine for promoting muscle growth and appetite stimulation in cattle. In human medicine, it is not approved for use but is sometimes misused for its anabolic effects, such as increasing muscle mass, strength, and reducing body fat. It is important to note that the use of Trenbolone Acetate in humans is considered off-label and can lead to serious health consequences, including liver toxicity, cardiovascular issues, and hormonal imbalances.

Edentulous partially refers to a condition where some teeth are missing in the jaw but not all. In other words, it is a state of having fewer teeth than normal for that particular dental arch. A dental arch can be either the upper or lower jaw.

In medical terms, "edentulous" means lacking teeth. So, when we say "jaw, edentulous, partially," it indicates a jaw that has some missing teeth. This condition is different from being completely edentulous, which refers to having no teeth at all in the dental arch.

Being edentulous or partially edentulous can impact an individual's ability to eat, speak, and affect their overall quality of life. Dental professionals often recommend various treatment options, such as dentures, bridges, or implants, to restore functionality and aesthetics for those who are partially edentulous.

Silicones are not a medical term, but they are commonly used in the medical field, particularly in medical devices and healthcare products. Silicones are synthetic polymers made up of repeating units of siloxane, which is a chain of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms. They can exist in various forms such as oils, gels, rubbers, and resins.

In the medical context, silicones are often used for their unique properties, including:

1. Biocompatibility - Silicones have a low risk of causing an adverse reaction when they come into contact with living tissue.
2. Inertness - They do not react chemically with other substances, making them suitable for use in medical devices that need to remain stable over time.
3. Temperature resistance - Silicones can maintain their flexibility and elasticity even under extreme temperature conditions.
4. Gas permeability - Some silicone materials allow gases like oxygen and water vapor to pass through, which is useful in applications where maintaining a moist environment is essential.
5. Durability - Silicones have excellent resistance to aging, weathering, and environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting performance.

Examples of medical applications for silicones include:

1. Breast implants
2. Contact lenses
3. Catheters
4. Artificial joints and tendons
5. Bandages and wound dressings
6. Drug delivery systems
7. Medical adhesives
8. Infant care products (nipples, pacifiers)

Biocompatible materials are non-toxic and non-reacting substances that can be used in medical devices, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems without causing harm or adverse reactions to living tissues or organs. These materials are designed to mimic the properties of natural tissues and are able to integrate with biological systems without being rejected by the body's immune system.

Biocompatible materials can be made from a variety of substances, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The specific properties of these materials, such as their mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability, are carefully selected to meet the requirements of their intended medical application.

Examples of biocompatible materials include titanium used in dental implants and joint replacements, polyethylene used in artificial hips, and hydrogels used in contact lenses and drug delivery systems. The use of biocompatible materials has revolutionized modern medicine by enabling the development of advanced medical technologies that can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Speech perception is the process by which the brain interprets and understands spoken language. It involves recognizing and discriminating speech sounds (phonemes), organizing them into words, and attaching meaning to those words in order to comprehend spoken language. This process requires the integration of auditory information with prior knowledge and context. Factors such as hearing ability, cognitive function, and language experience can all impact speech perception.

Dental restoration failure refers to the breakdown or loss of functionality of a dental restoration, which is a procedure performed to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of a tooth that has been damaged due to decay, trauma, or wear. The restoration can include fillings, crowns, veneers, bridges, and implants. Failure of dental restorations can occur due to various reasons such as recurrent decay, fracture, poor fit, or material failure, leading to further damage or loss of the tooth.

Capsular contracture is a complication that can occur after a breast augmentation or reconstruction surgery, where the body forms a capsule (a normal biological response) around the foreign material, such as a breast implant. However, in capsular contracture, this capsule tightens and squeezes the implant, causing the breast to feel hard, painful, and sometimes misshapen. It is classified into four grades (I-IV) based on the severity of symptoms, with grade IV indicating the most severe form, characterized by significant pain, implant palpability, and distortion.

Dura Mater: The tough, outer membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.

Hydroxyapatite: A naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite, also known as dahllite, with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is the primary mineral component of biological apatites found in bones and teeth.

Therefore, "Durapatite" isn't a recognized medical term, but it seems like it might be a combination of "dura mater" and "hydroxyapatite." If you meant to ask about a material used in medical or dental applications that combines properties of both dura mater and hydroxyapatite, please provide more context.

Peri-implantitis is a medical term used to describe the inflammatory condition that affects the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants, leading to their progressive loss. It's characterized by an infection that causes inflammation in the gums and potentially in the bone around the implant.

The primary cause of peri-implantitis is bacterial biofilm accumulation, similar to what leads to periodontal disease around natural teeth. Other factors contributing to its development can include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, and genetic predisposition.

Symptoms may include redness, swelling, bleeding, and pus formation in the gums around the implant, as well as pain, mobility, or even loss of the affected dental implant if left untreated. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition but often involve mechanical debridement, antibiotic therapy, and possible surgical intervention to regenerate lost tissue.

The correction of hearing impairment refers to the various methods and technologies used to improve or restore hearing function in individuals with hearing loss. This can include the use of hearing aids, cochlear implants, and other assistive listening devices. Additionally, speech therapy and auditory training may also be used to help individuals with hearing impairment better understand and communicate with others. In some cases, surgical procedures may also be performed to correct physical abnormalities in the ear or improve nerve function. The goal of correction of hearing impairment is to help individuals with hearing loss better interact with their environment and improve their overall quality of life.

I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.

In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.

Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.

A hip prosthesis, also known as a total hip replacement, is a surgical implant designed to replace the damaged or diseased components of the human hip joint. The procedure involves replacing the femoral head (the ball at the top of the thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the socket in the pelvis) with artificial parts, typically made from materials such as metal, ceramic, or plastic.

The goal of a hip prosthesis is to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and restore function, allowing patients to return to their normal activities and enjoy an improved quality of life. The procedure is most commonly performed in individuals with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other degenerative conditions that have caused significant damage to the hip joint.

There are several different types of hip prostheses available, each with its own unique design and set of benefits and risks. The choice of prosthesis will depend on a variety of factors, including the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and specific medical needs. In general, however, all hip prostheses are designed to provide a durable, long-lasting solution for patients suffering from debilitating joint pain and stiffness.

A dental implant-abutment design refers to the specific configuration and components used to connect a dental implant, which serves as an artificial tooth root, to a dental restoration, such as a crown, bridge, or denture. The abutment is a connecting element that attaches to the implant and provides the foundation for the dental restoration.

There are various dental implant-abutment designs available, each with its unique advantages and disadvantages. Some common designs include:

1. External hexagon: This design features an external hexagonal connection between the implant and abutment. It is one of the earliest and most widely used designs but has largely been replaced by internal connection designs due to concerns about screw loosening and microbial leakage.
2. Internal hexagon: In this design, the hexagonal connection is located inside the implant, providing better stability and resistance to rotational forces compared to external hexagon designs.
3. Morse taper: This design uses a tapered connection between the implant and abutment, creating a tight, press-fit interface that resists micromovements and microbial leakage. It is known for its high stability and ease of use.
4. UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) abutment: This design features a custom-milled abutment specifically designed to fit the individual implant platform. The UCLA abutment provides excellent esthetics and precision but requires additional laboratory fabrication time and costs.
5. Platform switching: This design involves using an abutment with a smaller diameter than the implant platform, creating a gap between the implant and abutment. This gap has been shown to reduce crestal bone loss and improve soft tissue esthetics around dental implants.
6. Cement-retained: In this design, the restoration is cemented onto the abutment using a dental cement. While it provides good esthetics and simplicity, there are concerns about excess cement causing peri-implant inflammation and bone loss.
7. Screw-retained: This design involves securing the restoration to the abutment with a screw. It offers easy retrievability and maintenance but may have compromised esthetics due to the presence of a screw access hole.

Each dental implant system has its unique advantages and disadvantages, and selecting the appropriate one depends on various factors such as the patient's anatomy, oral health status, and desired treatment outcomes. Dentists should consider these factors when choosing the most suitable implant system for their patients.

Alveolar ridge augmentation is a surgical procedure in dentistry that aims to reconstruct or enhance the volume and shape of the alveolar ridge, which is the bony ridge that supports the dental arch and holds the teeth in place. This procedure is often performed in preparation for dental implant placement when the jawbone lacks sufficient width, height, or density to support the implant securely.

The alveolar ridge augmentation process typically involves several steps:

1. Assessment: The dentist or oral surgeon evaluates the patient's oral condition and takes dental images (such as X-rays or CBCT scans) to determine the extent of bone loss and plan the surgical procedure accordingly.
2. Grafting material selection: Depending on the specific needs of the patient, various grafting materials can be used, including autografts (patient's own bone), allografts (bone from a human donor), xenografts (bone from an animal source), or synthetic materials.
3. Surgical procedure: The oral surgeon exposes the deficient area of the alveolar ridge and carefully places the grafting material, ensuring proper contour and stabilization. In some cases, a barrier membrane may be used to protect the graft and promote healing.
4. Healing period: After the surgery, a healing period is required for the grafted bone to integrate with the existing jawbone. This process can take several months, depending on factors such as the size of the graft and the patient's overall health.
5. Implant placement: Once the alveolar ridge augmentation has healed and sufficient bone volume has been achieved, dental implants can be placed to support replacement teeth, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.

Alveolar ridge augmentation is a valuable technique for restoring jawbone structure and function, enabling patients with significant bone loss to receive dental implants and enjoy improved oral health and aesthetics.

Surface properties in the context of medical science refer to the characteristics and features of the outermost layer or surface of a biological material or structure, such as cells, tissues, organs, or medical devices. These properties can include physical attributes like roughness, smoothness, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical properties like charge, reactivity, and composition.

In the field of biomaterials science, understanding surface properties is crucial for designing medical implants, devices, and drug delivery systems that can interact safely and effectively with biological tissues and fluids. Surface modifications, such as coatings or chemical treatments, can be used to alter surface properties and enhance biocompatibility, improve lubricity, reduce fouling, or promote specific cellular responses like adhesion, proliferation, or differentiation.

Similarly, in the field of cell biology, understanding surface properties is essential for studying cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and cell behavior. Cells can sense and respond to changes in their environment, including variations in surface properties, which can influence cell shape, motility, and function. Therefore, characterizing and manipulating surface properties can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular processes and offer new strategies for developing therapies and treatments for various diseases.

Breast implantation is a surgical procedure where breast implants are placed in the body to enhance the size, shape, and/or symmetry of the breasts. The implants can be filled with either saline solution or silicone gel and are inserted through incisions made in various locations on the breast or around the nipple. The goal of the procedure is to improve the appearance of the breasts and may be performed for cosmetic reasons, as part of a breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, or to correct congenital deformities.

The procedure typically involves making an incision in one of several locations:

1. Inframammary fold: This is the most common approach and involves making an incision in the crease beneath the breast.
2. Periareolar: This approach involves making an incision around the areola (the dark-colored skin surrounding the nipple).
3. Transaxillary: This approach involves making an incision in the armpit and creating a tunnel to the breast pocket.
4. Transumbilical: This is the least common approach and involves making an incision in the belly button and creating a tunnel to the breast pocket.

Once the implant is placed, the incisions are closed with sutures or surgical tape. The procedure typically takes 1-2 hours and may be performed as an outpatient procedure or require an overnight hospital stay. Recovery time varies but typically involves wearing a compression garment for several weeks to support the breasts and minimize swelling.

It is important to note that breast implantation carries certain risks, including infection, bleeding, scarring, capsular contracture (scar tissue formation around the implant), implant rupture or deflation, and changes in nipple sensation. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is necessary to monitor for any potential complications.

A joint prosthesis, also known as an artificial joint or a replacement joint, is a surgical implant used to replace all or part of a damaged or diseased joint. The most common types of joint prostheses are total hip replacements and total knee replacements. These prostheses typically consist of a combination of metal, plastic, and ceramic components that are designed to replicate the movement and function of a natural joint.

Joint prostheses are usually recommended for patients who have severe joint pain or mobility issues that cannot be adequately managed with other treatments such as physical therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes. The goal of joint replacement surgery is to relieve pain, improve joint function, and enhance the patient's quality of life.

Joint prostheses are typically made from materials such as titanium, cobalt-chrome alloys, stainless steel, polyethylene plastic, and ceramics. The choice of material depends on a variety of factors, including the patient's age, activity level, weight, and overall health.

While joint replacement surgery is generally safe and effective, there are risks associated with any surgical procedure, including infection, blood clots, implant loosening or failure, and nerve damage. Patients who undergo joint replacement surgery typically require several weeks of rehabilitation and physical therapy to regain strength and mobility in the affected joint.

'Alloys' is not a medical term. It is a term used in materials science and engineering to describe a mixture or solid solution composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. The components are typically present in significant amounts (>1% by weight). The properties of alloys, such as their strength, durability, and corrosion resistance, often differ from those of the constituent elements.

While not directly related to medicine, some alloys do have medical applications. For example, certain alloys are used in orthopedic implants, dental restorations, and other medical devices due to their desirable properties such as biocompatibility, strength, and resistance to corrosion.

Bilateral hearing loss refers to a type of hearing loss that affects both ears equally or to varying degrees. It can be further categorized into two types: sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs due to damage to the inner ear or nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain, while conductive hearing loss happens when sound waves are not properly transmitted through the outer ear canal to the eardrum and middle ear bones. Bilateral hearing loss can result in difficulty understanding speech, localizing sounds, and may impact communication and quality of life. The diagnosis and management of bilateral hearing loss typically involve a comprehensive audiological evaluation and medical assessment to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options.

Zeranol is not a medical term per se, but it is a chemical compound used in veterinary medicine and agriculture. Zeranol is a non-steroidal estrogenic growth promoter, which means it is used to promote growth in animals, particularly cattle. It belongs to the class of compounds known as zearalenones, which are mycotoxins produced by certain types of fungi.

Zeranol works by binding to estrogen receptors in the animal's body, mimicking the effects of natural estrogens and promoting growth. It is important to note that zeranol is not approved for use in humans, and its potential health effects on humans are not well understood. However, residues of zeranol have been found in meat products derived from cattle treated with the compound, leading to concerns about its potential impact on human health.

Eye evisceration is a surgical procedure in which the contents of the eye are removed, leaving the sclera (the white part of the eye) and the eyelids intact. This procedure is typically performed to treat severe eye injuries or infections, as well as to alleviate pain in blind eyes. After the eye contents are removed, an orbital implant is placed in the eye socket to restore its shape and volume. The eyelids are then closed over the implant, creating a smooth appearance. It's important to note that although the eye appears to have some cosmetic normality after the procedure, vision cannot be restored.

The mandible, also known as the lower jaw, is the largest and strongest bone in the human face. It forms the lower portion of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in various functions such as mastication (chewing), speaking, and swallowing. The mandible is a U-shaped bone that consists of a horizontal part called the body and two vertical parts called rami.

The mandible articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) located in front of each ear, allowing for movements like opening and closing the mouth, protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement. The mandible contains the lower teeth sockets called alveolar processes, which hold the lower teeth in place.

In medical terminology, the term "mandible" refers specifically to this bone and its associated structures.

Tantalum is not a medical term, but a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. It is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. In the field of medicine, tantalum is often used in the production of medical implants such as surgical pins, screws, plates, and stents due to its biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion. For example, tantalum mesh is used in hernia repair and tantalum rods are used in spinal fusion surgery.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "hearing impairment" is defined as "hearing loss greater than 40 decibels (dB) in the better ear in adults or greater than 30 dB in children." Therefore, "Persons with hearing impairments" refers to individuals who have a significant degree of hearing loss that affects their ability to communicate and perform daily activities.

Hearing impairment can range from mild to profound and can be categorized as sensorineural (inner ear or nerve damage), conductive (middle ear problems), or mixed (a combination of both). The severity and type of hearing impairment can impact the communication methods, assistive devices, or accommodations that a person may need.

It is important to note that "hearing impairment" and "deafness" are not interchangeable terms. While deafness typically refers to a profound degree of hearing loss that significantly impacts a person's ability to communicate using sound, hearing impairment can refer to any degree of hearing loss that affects a person's ability to hear and understand speech or other sounds.

A knee prosthesis, also known as a knee replacement or artificial knee joint, is a medical device used to replace the damaged or diseased weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint. It typically consists of three components: the femoral component (made of metal) that fits over the end of the thighbone (femur), the tibial component (often made of metal and plastic) that fits into the top of the shinbone (tibia), and a patellar component (usually made of plastic) that replaces the damaged surface of the kneecap.

The primary goal of knee prosthesis is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve quality of life for individuals with advanced knee joint damage due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injuries. The procedure to implant a knee prosthesis is called knee replacement surgery or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

A partial denture that is fixed, also known as a fixed partial denture or a dental bridge, is a type of prosthetic device used to replace one or more missing teeth. Unlike removable partial dentures, which can be taken out of the mouth for cleaning and maintenance, fixed partial dentures are permanently attached to the remaining natural teeth or implants surrounding the gap left by the missing tooth or teeth.

A typical fixed partial denture consists of an artificial tooth (or pontic) that is fused to one or two crowns on either side. The crowns are cemented onto the prepared surfaces of the adjacent teeth, providing a stable and secure attachment for the pontic. This creates a natural-looking and functional replacement for the missing tooth or teeth.

Fixed partial dentures offer several advantages over removable options, including improved stability, comfort, and aesthetics. However, they typically require more extensive preparation of the adjacent teeth, which may involve removing some healthy tooth structure to accommodate the crowns. Proper oral hygiene is essential to maintain the health of the supporting teeth and gums, as well as the longevity of the fixed partial denture. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also necessary to ensure the continued success of this type of restoration.

"Device Removal" in a medical context generally refers to the surgical or nonsurgical removal of a medical device that has been previously implanted in a patient's body. The purpose of removing the device may vary, depending on the individual case. Some common reasons for device removal include infection, malfunction, rejection, or when the device is no longer needed.

Examples of medical devices that may require removal include pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), artificial joints, orthopedic hardware, breast implants, cochlear implants, and intrauterine devices (IUDs). The procedure for device removal will depend on the type of device, its location in the body, and the reason for its removal.

It is important to note that device removal carries certain risks, such as bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding tissues, or complications related to anesthesia. Therefore, the decision to remove a medical device should be made carefully, considering both the potential benefits and risks of the procedure.

Bone screws are medical devices used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to affix bone fracture fragments or to attach bones to other bones or to metal implants such as plates, rods, or artificial joints. They are typically made of stainless steel or titanium alloys and have a threaded shaft that allows for purchase in the bone when tightened. The head of the screw may have a hexagonal or star-shaped design to allow for precise tightening with a screwdriver. Bone screws come in various shapes, sizes, and designs, including fully threaded, partially threaded, cannulated (hollow), and headless types, depending on their intended use and location in the body.

Alveolar bone loss refers to the breakdown and resorption of the alveolar process of the jawbone, which is the part of the jaw that contains the sockets of the teeth. This type of bone loss is often caused by periodontal disease, a chronic inflammation of the gums and surrounding tissues that can lead to the destruction of the structures that support the teeth.

In advanced stages of periodontal disease, the alveolar bone can become severely damaged or destroyed, leading to tooth loss. Alveolar bone loss can also occur as a result of other conditions, such as osteoporosis, trauma, or tumors. Dental X-rays and other imaging techniques are often used to diagnose and monitor alveolar bone loss. Treatment may include deep cleaning of the teeth and gums, medications, surgery, or tooth extraction in severe cases.

The femur is the medical term for the thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It connects the hip bone to the knee joint and plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and allowing movement during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The femur is composed of a rounded head, a long shaft, and two condyles at the lower end that articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.

Hip arthroplasty, also known as hip replacement surgery, is a medical procedure where the damaged or diseased joint surfaces of the hip are removed and replaced with artificial components. These components typically include a metal or ceramic ball that replaces the head of the femur (thigh bone), and a polyethylene or ceramic socket that replaces the acetabulum (hip socket) in the pelvis.

The goal of hip arthroplasty is to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and restore function to the hip joint. This procedure is commonly performed in patients with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hip fractures, or other conditions that cause significant damage to the hip joint.

There are several types of hip replacement surgeries, including traditional total hip arthroplasty, partial (hemi) hip arthroplasty, and resurfacing hip arthroplasty. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, such as the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and the extent of joint damage.

After surgery, patients typically require rehabilitation to regain strength, mobility, and function in the affected hip. With proper care and follow-up, most patients can expect significant pain relief and improved quality of life following hip arthroplasty.

A reoperation is a surgical procedure that is performed again on a patient who has already undergone a previous operation for the same or related condition. Reoperations may be required due to various reasons, such as inadequate initial treatment, disease recurrence, infection, or complications from the first surgery. The nature and complexity of a reoperation can vary widely depending on the specific circumstances, but it often carries higher risks and potential complications compared to the original operation.

An auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is a surgically placed device that provides a sense of sound to individuals who have severe hearing loss and cannot benefit from cochlear implants. Unlike cochlear implants, which stimulate the auditory nerve directly, ABIs transmit electrical signals directly to the brainstem, bypassing the inner ear entirely.

The ABI consists of a microphone, processor, and a series of electrodes that are surgically placed on the surface of the brainstem. The microphone picks up sounds from the environment, and the processor converts them into electrical signals. These signals are then sent to the electrodes, which stimulate the nearby nerve cells in the brainstem.

The brain interprets these stimuli as sound, allowing the individual to perceive some level of hearing. While ABIs do not provide the same level of hearing as cochlear implants, they can help individuals with profound hearing loss to communicate more effectively and improve their quality of life.

It's important to note that ABIs are typically reserved for individuals who have severe hearing loss due to damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve, and who are not candidates for cochlear implants. The procedure is complex and carries risks, so it is only recommended in cases where the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

A glaucoma drainage implant is a medical device used in the surgical management of glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss. The implant provides an alternative drainage pathway for the aqueous humor, the clear fluid inside the eye, to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) when other treatment methods have been unsuccessful.

The glaucoma drainage implant typically consists of a small silicone or polypropylene plate with a tube attached. During surgery, the tube is carefully inserted into the anterior chamber of the eye, allowing the aqueous humor to flow through the tube and collect on the plate. The plate is placed underneath the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye, where the fluid gets absorbed by the body.

There are various types of glaucoma drainage implants available, such as the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve, Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant, and Molteno Glaucoma Implant. Each type has its unique design features and may be more suitable for specific cases depending on the severity of glaucoma, previous surgical history, and individual patient factors.

Glaucoma drainage implant surgery is usually considered when other treatment options, such as medication or laser therapy, have failed to control IOP effectively. The procedure aims to prevent further optic nerve damage and preserve the patient's remaining vision. Potential complications of glaucoma drainage implant surgery include infection, bleeding, hypotony (abnormally low IOP), exposure of the tube, and failure of the device. Regular postoperative follow-up with an eye care professional is essential to monitor the implant's performance and manage any potential complications.

A complete lower denture is a removable dental appliance that replaces all of the natural teeth in the lower jaw. It is typically made of plastic or a combination of plastic and metal, and it rests on the gums and bones of the lower jaw. The denture is designed to look and function like natural teeth, allowing the individual to speak, chew, and smile confidently. Complete lower dentures are custom-made for each patient to ensure a comfortable and secure fit.

Silicone elastomers are a type of synthetic rubber made from silicone, which is a polymer composed primarily of silicon-oxygen bonds. They are known for their durability, flexibility, and resistance to heat, cold, and moisture. Silicone elastomers can be manufactured in various forms, including liquids, gels, and solids, and they are used in a wide range of medical applications such as:

1. Breast implants: Silicone elastomer shells filled with silicone gel are commonly used for breast augmentation and reconstruction.
2. Contact lenses: Some contact lenses are made from silicone elastomers due to their high oxygen permeability, which allows for better eye health.
3. Catheters: Silicone elastomer catheters are flexible and resistant to kinking, making them suitable for long-term use in various medical procedures.
4. Implantable drug delivery systems: Silicone elastomers can be used as a matrix for controlled release of drugs, allowing for sustained and targeted medication administration.
5. Medical adhesives: Silicone elastomer adhesives are biocompatible and can be used to attach medical devices to the skin or other tissues.
6. Sealants and coatings: Silicone elastomers can be used as sealants and coatings in medical devices to prevent leakage, improve durability, and reduce infection risk.

It is important to note that while silicone elastomers are generally considered safe for medical use, there have been concerns about the potential health risks associated with breast implants, such as capsular contracture, breast pain, and immune system reactions. However, these risks vary depending on the individual's health status and the specific type of silicone elastomer used.

Prosthesis-related infections, also known as prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), are infections that occur around or within a prosthetic device, such as an artificial joint. These infections can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms and can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly and effectively.

Prosthesis-related infections can occur soon after the implantation of the prosthetic device (early infection) or months or even years later (late infection). Early infections are often caused by bacteria that enter the surgical site during the procedure, while late infections may be caused by hematogenous seeding (i.e., when bacteria from another source spread through the bloodstream and settle in the prosthetic device) or by contamination during a subsequent medical procedure.

Symptoms of prosthesis-related infections can include pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and drainage around the affected area. In some cases, patients may also experience fever, chills, or fatigue. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests (such as blood cultures, joint fluid analysis, and tissue biopsy), and imaging studies (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI).

Treatment of prosthesis-related infections usually involves a combination of antibiotics and surgical intervention. The specific treatment approach will depend on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's overall health status. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove or replace the affected prosthetic device.

In the context of medical terminology, "porosity" is not a term that is frequently used to describe human tissues or organs. However, in dermatology and cosmetics, porosity refers to the ability of the skin to absorb and retain moisture or topical treatments.

A skin with high porosity has larger pores and can absorb more products, while a skin with low porosity has smaller pores and may have difficulty absorbing products. It is important to note that this definition of porosity is not a medical one but is instead used in the beauty industry.

Arthroplasty, replacement, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased joint surface is removed and replaced with an artificial implant or device. The goal of this surgery is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve the quality of life for patients who have severe joint damage due to arthritis or other conditions.

During the procedure, the surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the joint and replaces them with a metal, plastic, or ceramic component that replicates the shape and function of the natural joint surface. The most common types of joint replacement surgery are hip replacement, knee replacement, and shoulder replacement.

The success rate of joint replacement surgery is generally high, with many patients experiencing significant pain relief and improved mobility. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved, including infection, blood clots, implant loosening or failure, and nerve damage. Therefore, it's essential to discuss the potential benefits and risks of joint replacement surgery with a healthcare provider before making a decision.

Eye enucleation is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the entire eyeball, leaving the eye muscles, eyelids, and orbital structures intact. This procedure is typically performed to treat severe eye conditions or injuries, such as uncontrollable pain, blindness, cancer, or trauma. After the eyeball is removed, an implant may be placed in the socket to help maintain its shape and appearance. The optic nerve and other surrounding tissues are cut during the enucleation procedure, which means that vision cannot be restored in the affected eye. However, the remaining eye structures can still function normally, allowing for regular blinking, tear production, and eyelid movement.

Bone substitutes are materials that are used to replace missing or damaged bone in the body. They can be made from a variety of materials, including natural bone from other parts of the body or from animals, synthetic materials, or a combination of both. The goal of using bone substitutes is to provide structural support and promote the growth of new bone tissue.

Bone substitutes are often used in dental, orthopedic, and craniofacial surgery to help repair defects caused by trauma, tumors, or congenital abnormalities. They can also be used to augment bone volume in procedures such as spinal fusion or joint replacement.

There are several types of bone substitutes available, including:

1. Autografts: Bone taken from another part of the patient's body, such as the hip or pelvis.
2. Allografts: Bone taken from a deceased donor and processed to remove any cells and infectious materials.
3. Xenografts: Bone from an animal source, typically bovine or porcine, that has been processed to remove any cells and infectious materials.
4. Synthetic bone substitutes: Materials such as calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glass, and polymer-based materials that are designed to mimic the properties of natural bone.

The choice of bone substitute material depends on several factors, including the size and location of the defect, the patient's medical history, and the surgeon's preference. It is important to note that while bone substitutes can provide structural support and promote new bone growth, they may not have the same strength or durability as natural bone. Therefore, they may not be suitable for all applications, particularly those that require high load-bearing capacity.

Anabolic agents are a class of drugs that promote anabolism, the building up of body tissues. These agents are often used medically to help people with certain medical conditions such as muscle wasting diseases, osteoporosis, and delayed puberty. Anabolic steroids are one type of anabolic agent. They mimic the effects of testosterone, the male sex hormone, leading to increased muscle mass and strength. However, anabolic steroids also have significant side effects and can be addictive. Therefore, their use is regulated and they are only available by prescription in many countries. Abuse of anabolic steroids for non-medical purposes, such as to improve athletic performance or appearance, is illegal and can lead to serious health consequences.

Orthodontic anchorage procedures refer to the methods and techniques used in orthodontics to achieve stable, controlled movement of teeth during treatment. The term "anchorage" describes the point of stability around which other teeth are moved.

There are two main types of anchorage: absolute and relative. Absolute anchorage is when the force applied to move teeth does not cause any unwanted movement in the area providing stability. Relative anchorage is when some degree of reciprocal movement is expected in the area providing stability.

Orthodontic appliances, such as mini-screws, palatal implants, and headgear, are often used to provide additional anchorage reinforcement. These devices help control the direction and magnitude of forces applied during treatment, ensuring predictable tooth movement and maintaining proper alignment and occlusion (bite).

In summary, orthodontic anchorage procedures involve the strategic use of various appliances and techniques to establish a stable foundation for moving teeth during orthodontic treatment. This helps ensure optimal treatment outcomes and long-term stability of the dentition.

Bone transplantation, also known as bone grafting, is a surgical procedure in which bone or bone-like material is transferred from one part of the body to another or from one person to another. The graft may be composed of cortical (hard outer portion) bone, cancellous (spongy inner portion) bone, or a combination of both. It can be taken from different sites in the same individual (autograft), from another individual of the same species (allograft), or from an animal source (xenograft). The purpose of bone transplantation is to replace missing bone, provide structural support, and stimulate new bone growth. This procedure is commonly used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgeries to repair bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or congenital conditions.

In the medical field, cementation refers to the process of using a type of dental cement or bonding agent to attach a dental restoration (such as a crown, bridge, or false tooth) to a natural tooth or implant. The cement helps to create a strong and secure attachment, while also helping to seal the restoration and prevent the entry of bacteria and saliva.

Dental cement can be made from various materials, including glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc phosphate, and polycarboxylate cements. The choice of cement depends on several factors, such as the type of restoration being attached, the location in the mouth, and the patient's individual needs and preferences.

Cementation is an important step in many dental procedures, as it helps to ensure the longevity and success of the restoration. Proper technique and material selection are crucial for achieving a successful cementation that will last for years to come.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyethylene" is not a medical term. It is a type of synthetic plastic that is commonly used in various industrial and consumer products. Medical definitions typically refer to substances or conditions related to human health, treatment, or disease processes. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help!

Orthopedic fixation devices are medical implants used in orthopedic surgery to provide stability and promote the healing of fractured or broken bones, as well as joints or spinal segments. These devices can be internal or external and include a variety of products such as:

1. Intramedullary nails: Long rods that are inserted into the center of a bone to stabilize fractures in long bones like the femur or tibia.
2. Plates and screws: Metal plates are attached to the surface of a bone with screws to hold the fragments together while they heal.
3. Screws: Used alone or in combination with other devices, they can be used to stabilize small fractures or to fix implants like total joint replacements.
4. Wires: Used to hold bone fragments together, often in conjunction with other devices.
5. External fixators: A external frame attached to the bones using pins or wires that is placed outside the skin to provide stability and alignment of fractured bones.
6. Spinal fixation devices: These include pedicle screws, rods, hooks, and plates used to stabilize spinal fractures or deformities.
7. Orthopedic staples: Small metal staples used to stabilize small bone fragments or for joint fusion.

The choice of orthopedic fixation device depends on the location and severity of the injury or condition being treated. The primary goal of these devices is to provide stability, promote healing, and restore function.

Desogestrel is a synthetic form of progestin, which is a female sex hormone. It is used in various forms of hormonal contraception such as birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings to prevent pregnancy. Desogestrel works by preventing ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovaries), thickening cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach the egg, and thinning the lining of the uterus to make it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant.

Desogestrel is also used in some hormone replacement therapies (HRT) to treat symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. It may be prescribed alone or in combination with estrogen.

Like all hormonal contraceptives, desogestrel has potential side effects, including irregular menstrual bleeding, headaches, mood changes, breast tenderness, and nausea. In rare cases, it may also increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of desogestrel with a healthcare provider before using it.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical laws to living structures and systems, particularly in the field of medicine and healthcare. A biomechanical phenomenon refers to a observable event or occurrence that involves the interaction of biological tissues or systems with mechanical forces. These phenomena can be studied at various levels, from the molecular and cellular level to the tissue, organ, and whole-body level.

Examples of biomechanical phenomena include:

1. The way that bones and muscles work together to produce movement (known as joint kinematics).
2. The mechanical behavior of biological tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments under various loads and stresses.
3. The response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimuli, such as the way that bone tissue adapts to changes in loading conditions (known as Wolff's law).
4. The biomechanics of injury and disease processes, such as the mechanisms of joint injury or the development of osteoarthritis.
5. The use of mechanical devices and interventions to treat medical conditions, such as orthopedic implants or assistive devices for mobility impairments.

Understanding biomechanical phenomena is essential for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for a wide range of medical conditions, from musculoskeletal injuries to neurological disorders.

The maxillary sinuses, also known as the antrums of Highmore, are the largest of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses located in the maxilla bones. They are air-filled cavities that surround the nasolacrimal duct and are situated superior to the upper teeth and lateral to the nasal cavity. Each maxillary sinus is lined with a mucous membrane, which helps to warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe. Inflammation or infection of the maxillary sinuses can result in conditions such as sinusitis, leading to symptoms like facial pain, headaches, and nasal congestion.

Internal fixators are medical devices that are implanted into the body through surgery to stabilize and hold broken or fractured bones in the correct position while they heal. These devices can be made from various materials, such as metal (stainless steel or titanium) or bioabsorbable materials. Internal fixators can take many forms, including plates, screws, rods, nails, wires, or cages, depending on the type and location of the fracture.

The main goal of using internal fixators is to promote bone healing by maintaining accurate reduction and alignment of the fractured bones, allowing for early mobilization and rehabilitation. This can help reduce the risk of complications such as malunion, nonunion, or deformity. Internal fixators are typically removed once the bone has healed, although some bioabsorbable devices may not require a second surgery for removal.

It is important to note that while internal fixators provide stability and support for fractured bones, they do not replace the need for proper immobilization, protection, or rehabilitation during the healing process. Close follow-up with an orthopedic surgeon is essential to ensure appropriate healing and address any potential complications.

The auditory threshold is the minimum sound intensity or loudness level that a person can detect 50% of the time, for a given tone frequency. It is typically measured in decibels (dB) and represents the quietest sound that a person can hear. The auditory threshold can be affected by various factors such as age, exposure to noise, and certain medical conditions. Hearing tests, such as pure-tone audiometry, are used to measure an individual's auditory thresholds for different frequencies.

The maxilla is a paired bone that forms the upper jaw in vertebrates. In humans, it is a major bone in the face and plays several important roles in the craniofacial complex. Each maxilla consists of a body and four processes: frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar process, and palatine process.

The maxillae contribute to the formation of the eye sockets (orbits), nasal cavity, and the hard palate of the mouth. They also contain the upper teeth sockets (alveoli) and help form the lower part of the orbit and the cheekbones (zygomatic arches).

Here's a quick rundown of its key functions:

1. Supports the upper teeth and forms the upper jaw.
2. Contributes to the formation of the eye sockets, nasal cavity, and hard palate.
3. Helps shape the lower part of the orbit and cheekbones.
4. Partakes in the creation of important sinuses, such as the maxillary sinus, which is located within the body of the maxilla.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Finite Element Analysis" (FEA) is not a medical term. It is a computational technique used in engineering and physical sciences. FEA is a computerized method for predicting how a product reacts to real-world forces, vibration, heat, fluid flow, and other physical effects. It's a way that engineers can simulate the performance of a product or system before it is built, which can help reduce costs, improve quality, and shorten the development time.

However, in a medical context, FEA might be used in the field of biomechanical engineering to analyze the mechanical behavior of biological systems, such as bones, joints, or soft tissues, under various loads and conditions. This can help researchers and clinicians better understand the mechanisms of injury, disease, or the effects of treatment, and develop more effective prevention, diagnostic, or therapeutic strategies.

Speech discrimination tests are a type of audiological assessment used to measure a person's ability to understand and identify spoken words, typically presented in quiet and/or noisy backgrounds. These tests are used to evaluate the function of the peripheral and central auditory system, as well as speech perception abilities.

During the test, the individual is presented with lists of words or sentences at varying intensity levels and/or signal-to-noise ratios. The person's task is to repeat or identify the words or phrases they hear. The results of the test are used to determine the individual's speech recognition threshold (SRT), which is the softest level at which the person can correctly identify spoken words.

Speech discrimination tests can help diagnose hearing loss, central auditory processing disorders, and other communication difficulties. They can also be used to monitor changes in hearing ability over time, assess the effectiveness of hearing aids or other interventions, and develop communication strategies for individuals with hearing impairments.

Speech intelligibility is a term used in audiology and speech-language pathology to describe the ability of a listener to correctly understand spoken language. It is a measure of how well speech can be understood by others, and is often assessed through standardized tests that involve the presentation of recorded or live speech at varying levels of loudness and/or background noise.

Speech intelligibility can be affected by various factors, including hearing loss, cognitive impairment, developmental disorders, neurological conditions, and structural abnormalities of the speech production mechanism. Factors related to the speaker, such as speaking rate, clarity, and articulation, as well as factors related to the listener, such as attention, motivation, and familiarity with the speaker or accent, can also influence speech intelligibility.

Poor speech intelligibility can have significant impacts on communication, socialization, education, and employment opportunities, making it an important area of assessment and intervention in clinical practice.

Equipment Failure Analysis is a process of identifying the cause of failure in medical equipment or devices. This involves a systematic examination and evaluation of the equipment, its components, and operational history to determine why it failed. The analysis may include physical inspection, chemical testing, and review of maintenance records, as well as assessment of design, manufacturing, and usage factors that may have contributed to the failure.

The goal of Equipment Failure Analysis is to identify the root cause of the failure, so that corrective actions can be taken to prevent similar failures in the future. This is important in medical settings to ensure patient safety and maintain the reliability and effectiveness of medical equipment.

Implanted electrodes are medical devices that are surgically placed inside the body to interface directly with nerves, neurons, or other electrically excitable tissue for various therapeutic purposes. These electrodes can be used to stimulate or record electrical activity from specific areas of the body, depending on their design and application.

There are several types of implanted electrodes, including:

1. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) electrodes: These are placed deep within the brain to treat movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. DBS electrodes deliver electrical impulses that modulate abnormal neural activity in targeted brain regions.
2. Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) electrodes: These are implanted along the spinal cord to treat chronic pain syndromes. SCS electrodes emit low-level electrical pulses that interfere with pain signals traveling to the brain, providing relief for patients.
3. Cochlear Implant electrodes: These are surgically inserted into the cochlea of the inner ear to restore hearing in individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. The electrodes stimulate the auditory nerve directly, bypassing damaged hair cells within the cochlea.
4. Retinal Implant electrodes: These are implanted in the retina to treat certain forms of blindness caused by degenerative eye diseases like retinitis pigmentosa. The electrodes convert visual information from a camera into electrical signals, which stimulate remaining retinal cells and transmit the information to the brain via the optic nerve.
5. Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS) electrodes: These are placed near the sacral nerves in the lower back to treat urinary or fecal incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome. SNS electrodes deliver electrical impulses that regulate the function of the affected muscles and nerves.
6. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) electrodes: These are wrapped around the vagus nerve in the neck to treat epilepsy and depression. VNS electrodes provide intermittent electrical stimulation to the vagus nerve, which has connections to various regions of the brain involved in these conditions.

Overall, implanted electrodes serve as a crucial component in many neuromodulation therapies, offering an effective treatment option for numerous neurological and sensory disorders.

Contraceptive agents, female, are medications or devices specifically designed to prevent pregnancy in women. They work by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. Some common examples of female contraceptive agents include:

1. Hormonal methods: These include combined oral contraceptives (COCs), progestin-only pills, patches, vaginal rings, and hormonal implants. They contain synthetic forms of the female hormones estrogen and/or progesterone, which work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach the egg, or thinning the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg.
2. Intrauterine devices (IUDs): These are small, T-shaped devices made of plastic or copper that are inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. They release hormones or copper ions that interfere with sperm movement and prevent fertilization or implantation.
3. Barrier methods: These include condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and sponges. They work by physically preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
4. Emergency contraception: This includes medications such as Plan B or Ella, which can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. They work by delaying ovulation or preventing fertilization of the egg.
5. Fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs): These involve tracking a woman's menstrual cycle and avoiding sexual intercourse during her fertile window. Some FABMs also involve using barrier methods during this time.

It is important to note that different contraceptive agents have varying levels of effectiveness, side effects, and risks. Women should consult with their healthcare provider to determine the best method for their individual needs and circumstances.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Chromium alloys are materials made by combining chromium with other metals, such as nickel, cobalt, or iron. The addition of chromium to these alloys enhances their properties, making them resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. These alloys have a wide range of applications in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and medical devices.

Chromium alloys can be classified into two main categories: stainless steels and superalloys. Stainless steels are alloys that contain at least 10.5% chromium by weight, which forms a passive oxide layer on the surface of the material, protecting it from corrosion. Superalloys, on the other hand, are high-performance alloys designed to operate in extreme environments, such as jet engines and gas turbines. They contain significant amounts of chromium, along with other elements like nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum.

Chromium alloys have several medical applications due to their excellent properties. For instance, they are used in surgical instruments, dental implants, and orthopedic devices because of their resistance to corrosion and biocompatibility. Additionally, some chromium alloys exhibit superelasticity, a property that allows them to return to their original shape after being deformed, making them suitable for use in stents and other medical devices that require flexibility and durability.

A tooth socket, also known as an alveolus (plural: alveoli), refers to the hollow cavity or space in the jawbone where a tooth is anchored. The tooth socket is part of the alveolar process, which is the curved part of the maxilla or mandible that contains multiple tooth sockets for the upper and lower teeth, respectively.

Each tooth socket has a specialized tissue called the periodontal ligament, which attaches the root of the tooth to the surrounding bone. This ligament helps absorb forces generated during biting and chewing, allowing for comfortable and efficient mastication while also maintaining the tooth's position within the jawbone. The tooth socket is responsible for providing support, stability, and nourishment to the tooth through its blood vessels and nerves.

Bone cements are medical-grade materials used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to fill gaps between bone surfaces and implants, such as artificial joints or screws. They serve to mechanically stabilize the implant and provide a smooth, load-bearing surface. The two most common types of bone cement are:

1. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement: This is a two-component system consisting of powdered PMMA and liquid methyl methacrylate monomer. When mixed together, they form a dough-like consistency that hardens upon exposure to air. PMMA cement has been widely used for decades in joint replacement surgeries, such as hip or knee replacements.
2. Calcium phosphate (CP) cement: This is a two-component system consisting of a powdered CP compound and an aqueous solution. When mixed together, they form a paste that hardens through a chemical reaction at body temperature. CP cement has lower mechanical strength compared to PMMA but demonstrates better biocompatibility, bioactivity, and the ability to resorb over time.

Both types of bone cements have advantages and disadvantages, and their use depends on the specific surgical indication and patient factors.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question as Polyethylenes are not a medical term, but rather a category of synthetic polymers commonly used in various industrial and medical applications. Here's a brief overview:

Polyethylene (PE) is a type of thermoplastic polymer made from the monomer ethylene. It is a versatile material with numerous applications due to its chemical resistance, durability, and flexibility. There are several types of polyethylenes, including:

1. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE): This type has a lower density and more branching in its molecular structure, which results in less crystallinity. LDPE is known for its flexibility and is often used in packaging films, bags, and containers.
2. High-density polyethylene (HDPE): HDPE has a higher density and less branching, resulting in greater crystallinity. It is more rigid than LDPE and is commonly used in applications such as bottles, pipes, and containers.
3. Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE): This type combines the flexibility of LDPE with some of the strength and rigidity of HDPE. LLDPE has fewer branches than LDPE but more than HDPE. It is often used in film applications, such as stretch wrap and agricultural films.
4. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE): UHMWPE has an extremely high molecular weight, resulting in exceptional wear resistance, impact strength, and chemical resistance. It is commonly used in medical applications, such as orthopedic implants and joint replacements, due to its biocompatibility and low friction coefficient.

While polyethylenes are not a medical term per se, they do have significant medical applications, particularly UHMWPE in orthopedic devices.

A dental crown is a type of dental restoration that completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. Crowns are used to restore the strength, functionality, and appearance of teeth that have been damaged or weakened due to various reasons such as decay, fracture, or large fillings. They can be made from various materials including porcelain, ceramic, metal, or a combination of these. The crown is custom-made to fit over the prepared tooth and is cemented into place, becoming a permanent part of the tooth. Crowns are also used for cosmetic purposes to improve the appearance of discolored or misshapen teeth.

Dental materials are substances that are used in restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and preventive dentistry to restore or replace missing tooth structure, improve the function and esthetics of teeth, and protect the oral tissues from decay and disease. These materials can be classified into various categories based on their physical and chemical properties, including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, cements, and alloys.

Some examples of dental materials include:

1. Amalgam: a metal alloy used for dental fillings that contains silver, tin, copper, and mercury. It is strong, durable, and resistant to wear but has been controversial due to concerns about the toxicity of mercury.
2. Composite: a tooth-colored restorative material made of a mixture of glass or ceramic particles and a bonding agent. It is used for fillings, veneers, and other esthetic dental treatments.
3. Glass ionomer cement: a type of cement used for dental restorations that releases fluoride ions and helps prevent tooth decay. It is often used for fillings in children's teeth or as a base under crowns and bridges.
4. Porcelain: a ceramic material used for dental crowns, veneers, and other esthetic restorations. It is strong, durable, and resistant to staining but can be brittle and prone to fracture.
5. Gold alloy: a metal alloy used for dental restorations that contains gold, copper, and other metals. It is highly biocompatible, corrosion-resistant, and malleable but can be expensive and less esthetic than other materials.
6. Acrylic resin: a type of polymer used for dental appliances such as dentures, night guards, and orthodontic retainers. It is lightweight, flexible, and easy to modify but can be less durable than other materials.

The choice of dental material depends on various factors, including the location and extent of the restoration, the patient's oral health status, their esthetic preferences, and their budget. Dental professionals must consider these factors carefully when selecting the appropriate dental material for each individual case.

Preprosthetic oral surgical procedures are dental surgeries performed to prepare the mouth for the placement of dental prostheses such as dentures. These procedures aim to create a smooth, stable, and suitable foundation in the mouth to support the prosthesis and ensure its proper functioning, retention, and comfort.

Common preprosthetic oral surgical procedures include:

1. Alveoloplasty: This procedure involves reshaping the alveolar ridge (the bony ridge that supports the teeth) to create a more uniform and even surface. It helps to eliminate any sharp or irregular bony edges that may interfere with the fit or comfort of the denture.

2. Gingivectomy/Gingivoplasty: These procedures involve removing or reshaping excess gum tissue to improve the fit and appearance of the dental prosthesis. A gingivectomy removes a portion of the gum tissue, while a gingivoplasty sculpts and reshapes the existing gum tissue.

3. Frenectomy: This procedure involves removing or repositioning the frenum, a small fold of tissue that connects the lips, cheeks, or tongue to the jawbone. A lingual frenectomy may be necessary when the frenum restricts tongue movement and interferes with proper denture placement or speech.

4. Maxillary tori reduction: This procedure involves removing or reducing the size of tori, which are bony growths found on the roof of the mouth (maxilla). Large tori can make it difficult to wear a denture, so their removal or reduction can improve the fit and comfort of the prosthesis.

5. Ridge augmentation: This procedure involves adding bone grafting material to the jaw ridge to increase its height, width, or volume. This is often done when there is significant bone loss due to tooth extraction, periodontal disease, or other factors, making it difficult to achieve a secure and comfortable denture fit.

6. Exostectomy: This procedure involves removing small, benign bony growths (exostoses) that may develop on the hard palate or along the jaw ridge. These growths can interfere with the fit and comfort of a denture, so their removal can improve the prosthesis' functionality.

These procedures are typically performed by oral surgeons, periodontists, or prosthodontists who specialize in dental implants, oral surgery, and complex restorative treatments. The specific treatment plan will depend on each patient's individual needs and preferences.

Drug eluting implants are designed to be implanted into location specific tissues and release drug locally. These implants are ... growth factors and anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug eluting implants can provide a versatile method of drug delivery that can be ... Drug eluting implants encompass a wide range of bioactive implants that can be placed in or near a tissue to provide a ... Drug eluting contact lenses and implants can deliver targeted and extended doses of drug to the retina without the need for ...
Without the drug augmented people experience rejection of implants (along with ensuing loss of implant functionality), ... "Tiny implant opens way to deliver drugs deep into the brain". CTVNews. Retrieved 27 February 2023. "Tiny electronic implants ... There is research of potential implants for drug delivery to the brain. In 2016, scientists at the University of Illinois at ... The storyline addresses the effect of implant rejection by use of the fictional drug 'Neuropozyne' which breaks down glial ...
Food and Drug Administration. June 1, 2020. "Breast Implant Questions and Answers". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. October ... Implant placement comparison The five surgical approaches to emplacing a breast implant to the implant pocket are often ... silicone-gel implants. When compared to the results achieved with a silicone-gel breast implant, the saline implant can yield ... orthopedic hip implants, and jaw (TMJ) implants. The causal association between breast implants and ALCL was conclusively ...
Soundrapandian, C; Datta S; Sa B (2007). "Drug-eluting implants for osteomyelitis". Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug ... Risks for developing osteomyelitis include diabetes, intravenous drug use, prior removal of the spleen, and trauma to the area ... When adults are affected, it may be because of compromised host resistance due to debilitation, intravenous drug abuse, ... Local and sustained availability of drugs have proven to be more effective in achieving prophylactic and therapeutic outcomes. ...
"Brain implants used to fight drug addiction in US". BBC News. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. ... The procedure, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, received funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The ... implanted a deep brain stimulator chip into the nucleus accumbens part of the human brain to reduce human cravings for drugs, ... In 2014 Rezai was a member of a surgical team who implanted a chip developed by Battelle Research Institute to decode and ...
evaluated the use of bioprinting cellulose as drug-loaded implants. He used FDM to evaluate the drug release behavior of ... He loaded the quinine filaments into bio-printed cellulose implants, then incubated the implants to observe their drug-release ... The findings showed that cellulose nanofibrils as a bio-ink for printing drug-loaded implants might provide implants with ... In addition, implants can be printed in unique shapes and forms to deliver drugs directly into targeted tissues. A new approach ...
FDA Executive Summary Memorandum - Metal-on-Metal Hip Implant System (PDF) (Report). Food and Drug Administration. 27 June 2012 ... "Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants". Food and Drug Administration. February 10, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012. "FDA seeks more ... "Concerns about Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants". Food and Drug Administration. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013. 2018 ... On February 10, 2011, the U.S. FDA issued a patient advisory on metal-metal hip implants, stating it was continuing to gather ...
"St John's wort: interaction with hormonal contraceptives, including implants". Drug Safety, Gov.UK. 11 December 2014. Retrieved ... One meta-analysis found that St John's wort had similar efficacy and safety as prescriptions drugs to treat mild-to-moderate ... H. perforatum is the most commonly used species - especially in Europe - as an herbal substitute for prescription drugs to ... John's wort may interfere with and reduce the efficacy of prescription drugs used to treat depression. St. John's wort ...
PLA can be used as biodegradable medical implants, drug delivery systems, and sutures. Glycolic acid can also be used to form ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Alpha Hydroxy Acids in Cosmetics (CS1 maint: location missing publisher, Articles with short ... The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panels both suggest that alpha ...
PCL has been widely used in long-term implants and controlled drug release applications. However, when it comes to tissue ... A variety of drugs have been encapsulated within PCL beads for controlled release and targeted drug delivery. In dentistry (as ... PCL has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in specific applications used in the human body as (for example ... a drug delivery device, suture, or adhesion barrier. PCL is used in the rapidly growing field of human esthetics following the ...
"Biological lipid membranes for on-demand, wireless drug delivery from thin, bioresorbable electronic implants". Koo, Jahyun; et ... Lee teamed up with Yanni Paulus in the University of Michigan Medicine to demonstrate the utility of the drug delivery system ... In 2022, Lee introduced a new concept of drug delivery system using a combination of silicon nanoneedles and a tear-soluble ... He demonstrated the applications of this technology in terms of the treatment of cancerous tissues by release of the drug ...
Merck is developing a subdermal drug-eluting implant to administer islatravir. In 2021, FDA placed a partial clinical hold for ... "Someday, an Arm Implant May Prevent H.I.V. Infection for a Year". New York Times. July 23, 2019. "Merck Presents Early Evidence ... Islatravir (4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine, EFdA, or MK-8591) is an investigational drug for the treatment of HIV ... Roy M. Gulick (2018). "Investigational Antiretroviral Drugs: What is Coming Down the Pipeline". Top Antivir Med. 25 (4): 127- ...
"Tiny implant opens way to deliver drugs deep into the brain". AP NEWS. January 24, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2020. "Women in ... Existing pharmacologic treatments, however, often rely on systemic drug administration, which result in broad drug distribution ... Ultrasound-induced transdermal drug delivery (sonophoresis) has long lingered in the by-lanes of academic and industrial ... This technology could extend the battery life of implanted electronics or eliminate the need for battery replacement, sparing ...
Nanoporous materials are emerging throughout the biomedical industry in drug delivery, implants, and tissue engineering. The ... especially regarding devices that are implanted in the body. A material interacts with the environment at its surface, so the ...
Can a brain implant treat drug addiction?". Harper's Magazine. Vol. August 2022. ISSN 0017-789X. Retrieved 2022-08-16. " ...
Siegel, Zachary (August 11, 2022). "A Hole in the Head: Can a brain implant treat drug addiction?". Harper's Magazine. Linke, ...
Fair Price Shops aim to reduce the costs of medicines, drugs, implants, prosthetics, and orthopedic devices. Currently, there ... Furthermore, the drugs are unbranded and must be prescribed by their generic name. As there is less advertising required for ... "Fake drugs: the global industry putting your life at risk". Mosaic. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018. De Costa, ... This right was used in 2012, when Natco was allowed to produce Nexavar, a cancer drug. In 2005, new legislation stipulated that ...
"Oregon DOJ case means doctors could tell patients ties to drug, implant makers". OregonLive.com. Retrieved 22 April 2016. " ... The following year, BIOTRONIK released Orsiro to the market, the world's first hybrid drug-eluting stent with a bio-absorbable ... Meier, Barry (2 April 2011). "Tipping the odds for a maker of heart implants". www.NYTimes.com. International New York Times. " ... Since its start, more than 19 million BIOTRONIK devices in over 100 countries have been implanted.[citation needed] In 1976, ...
Implants (medicine), Drug delivery devices, Dosage forms). ... Two types of implants can be used. When the procedure is done ... The implants used for this are generally small and not textured in any way except rounding. If a more graphic implant is ... Microdermal implants are a form of body modification which gives the aesthetic appearance of a transdermal implant, without the ... The skin is then lifted and the implant is passed through. Then, a hole is opened at the site for it to pass through, and it is ...
However, Chávez discovers that the horses were surgically implanted with drugs, matching Kevin's story. Chávez now believes ... Kevin shows Chávez a herd of horses that he claims the Alcorta family use for drug smuggling. Gómez arrives on the scene and ...
2018). Anti-inflammatory drug-eluting implant model system to prevent wear particles induced periprosthetic osteolysis. Nishio ... 2018). Anti-inflammatory drug-eluting implant model system to prevent wear particles induced periprosthetic osteolysis. Alraies ... Anti-inflammatory drug-eluting implant model system to prevent wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis ". International ... Anti-inflammatory drug-eluting implant model system to prevent wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis ". International ...
Additional work involved Dow Corning breast implants, the diet drug Fen-phen, Brown & Williamson tobacco and popcorn flavoring ...
This drug can be administered remotely through an implanted intravenous line or an intracerebroventricular injection. Self- ... especially reinstatement of drug-seeking after extinction. Drugs with this effect may be useful for treating people with drug ... exposure to a reinforcing drug after the extinction of drug-seeking operant behavior can often reinstate drug-seeking, and can ... In many cases, it appears that social stress can potentiate drug reinstatement just as strongly as exposure to the drug itself ...
In the medical field, PBS could be used as biodegradable drug encapsulation systems, and is also investigated for implants. In ... as drug encapsulation systems". Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces. 84 (2): 498-507. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.02.005. hdl ...
Furthermore, human robotic implants were in use; with everything from a cranial flashlight to a robotic digestive system ... The game also manages numerous other mechanics about the player including drug addiction, mutations, broken limbs, and bionic ... implants. The world can be persistent between games. When starting a new character after the death of a previous character, the ...
Additionally, borosilicate tubing is used as the feedstock for the production of parenteral drug packaging, such as vials and ... cochlear implants, and physiological sensors. During the mid-20th century, borosilicate glass tubing was used to pipe coolants ... Applications include veterinary tracking devices, neurostimulators for the treatment of epilepsy, implantable drug pumps, ... thus making it well suited for injectable-drug applications. This type of glass is typically referred to as USP / EP JP Type I ...
"Intarcia raises $75M, touts final data as it preps to launch once-yearly diabetes drug implant". www.fiercebiotech.com. 9 May ... "Intarcia's diabetes drug implant ITCA 650 receives second FDA rejection". 27 March 2020. "AtTaIntarcia raises $210M as it ... "a drug delivery platform that stabilizes and delivers therapeutic proteins and peptides". The drug was rejected for FDA ... where it discovers and develops peptides for its drug delivery system. In 2005, the executive leadership of Intarcia was ...
The first implanted drug-eluting stent occurred in 1999, which revolutionized the course of interventional cardiology. However ... Antiproliferative drugs like sirolimus and paclitaxel were used in the first-generation drug-eluting stents to inhibit the ... This led to the development of drug-eluting stents to act as local drug delivery and vascular scaffold platform to reduce in- ... Coronary Artery Stent Drug-Eluting Stent Antiplatelet drug Endothelial Progenitor Cells Coronary Artery Disease Interventional ...
Lloyd AW, Faragher RG, Denyer SP (April 2001). "Ocular biomaterials and implants". Biomaterials. 22 (8): 769-85. doi:10.1016/ ... This type of drug loading can be used as a way to create a pH responsive system, which releases drug(s) as the pH of the ... Ophthalmic drug administration is the administration of a drug to the eyes, most typically as an eye drop formulation. Topical ... This could be due to the water acting as a lubricant to some drugs and allowing the drug to be more easily facilitated into the ...
"FDA Backgrounder on Platinum in Silicone Breast Implants". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 24 ... The Food and Drug Administration and other institutions have reviewed the issue and found no evidence to suggest toxicity in ... Platinum drugs are used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including testicular and ovarian carcinomas, melanoma, small-cell ... Apps, Michael G; Choi, Eugene H Y; Wheate, Nial J (August 2015). "The state-of-play and future of platinum drugs". Endocrine- ...
Drug eluting implants are designed to be implanted into location specific tissues and release drug locally. These implants are ... growth factors and anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug eluting implants can provide a versatile method of drug delivery that can be ... Drug eluting implants encompass a wide range of bioactive implants that can be placed in or near a tissue to provide a ... Drug eluting contact lenses and implants can deliver targeted and extended doses of drug to the retina without the need for ...
Goserelin Implant: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... An implant with 3.6 mg of goserelin is usually inserted every 4 weeks. An implant with 10.8 mg of goserelin is usually inserted ... Goserelin implant may harm the fetus.You should not plan to become pregnant while using goserelin implant or for 12 weeks after ... Goserelin implant may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: *headache ...
We argue that the antibiotic-eluting UHMWPE joint implant is a promising candidate for clinical trials. In a rabbit model of ... Here, we demonstrate that modifying the eccentricity of drug clusters and the percolation threshold in ultra-high molecular ... and loading of antibiotic clusters in a polymer implant augments and prolongs antibiotic elution while maintaining implant ... weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) results in maximized drug elution and the retention of mechanical strength. The optimized UHMWPE ...
Implanon implant is used as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy. Learn about side effects, interactions and indications. ... Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, ... Generic name: etonogestrel (implant) [ e-toe-noe-JES-trel ]. Brand names: Implanon, Nexplanon. Drug classes: Contraceptives, ... if switching from a progestin-only implant, insert the implant on the same day as contraceptive implant removal; if switching ...
... by Adriaan Alsema August 6, 2019. ... "Drug mules" have long swallow carefully wrapped balls of cocaine to traffic the drugs in their stomach, but this is the first ... According to the police, 780 grams of liquid cocaine implants were found inside the thighs of a 42-year- old woman traveling ... Lieutenant Wilson Silva said the liquid cocaine with an alleged value of $36,000 had been implanted "between the flesh and the ...
Researchers have developed a rice-sized implant hat can test the effects of drugs on a patients brain tumor in real-time ... drug cocktails. and viruses that can fight cancer cells. emerging in the biotech space. Implants like the one developed by the ... An experimental rice-sized implant monitors how drugs affect tumors. The device could help researchers study the effects of new ... Structures once-daily drug, GSBR-1290, helped participants reduce up to 4.5 kgs of body weight on average after four weeks of ...
Stephanie joined Drug Discovery News as an Assistant Editor in 2021. She earned her PhD from the University of California Los ... Stephanie joined Drug Discovery News as an Assistant Editor in 2021. She earned her PhD from the University of California Los ... Imvax scientists implant the biodiffusion chambers filled with the patients own tumor cells and the IGF-IR antisense molecule ... Immunotherapy implants turn brain tumors against themselves. Using tiny chambers that release signals from a patients own ...
Carmustine implant may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: *nausea ... Carmustine implant may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking this medication ... If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administrations (FDA) ... Before receiving carmustine implant, *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to carmustine or any of the ...
Tags: acute kidney injury, combination device, Diabetes, drig-device implant, Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory ... 37Intarcias diabetes drug-device implant unanimously rejected by Adcomm. You might also like. Sanofi, Sobi score FDA nod for ... The active ingredient in ITCA 650 is exenatide, which belongs to the drug class called GLP-1 receptor agonists along with Novo ... All 19 panelists found that the benefits of the implantable drug-device combination did not outweigh its risks from potential ...
Breast Implants Linked to Cancer - Ferrer Poirot Feller Daniel , Drug Injury Lawyers ... In recent years, some implants have been linked to an increased risk of a rare and potentially fatal form of cancer. The risk ... Hundreds of thousands of women receive breast implants every year for a variety of reasons. Whether due to a mastectomy or for ... is associated with thousands of textured implants, yet the threat isnt prominent on product labeling. ...
fluid dynamics, drug filled implants (DFIs), drug release, mathematical modelling, porous implants, Bioengineering, ... Drug-filled implants (DFIs) have emerged as an innovative approach to control the delivery of drugs. These devices contain the ... Text. Filename: King_etal_PR_2021_How_does_fluid_flow_influence_drug_release_from_drug_filled_implants.pdf Final Published ... How does fluid flow influence drug release from drug filled implants? Pharmaceutical Research, 39 (1). pp. 25-40. ISSN 0724- ...
DRUG DELIVERY BUSINESS NEWS. Subscribe to Drug Deliverys E-Newsletter Advertise with us About Contact us Privacy Listen to our ... Need Drug Delivery Business News in a minute? We Deliver!. Drug Delivery Enewsletters get you caught up on all the mission ... Drug Discovery & Development Pharmaceutical Processing World Medical Design Sourcing R&D World ... Want to stay on top of DDBN content? Sign up for our e-mail newsletter for a weekly dose of drug-device news. ...
... mometasone sinus implant), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & ... Confirm implant loops support frontal sinus opening align; confirm implant is well applied to tissue for maximum drug delivery ... mometasone sinus implant, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that directly ... remove the implant and inspect for damage, reload the undamaged implant in the crimper, and recrimp the implant into the ...
"Drug Implants" by people in this website by year, and whether "Drug Implants" was a major or minor topic of these publications ... Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug. ... "Drug Implants" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Drug Implants" by people in Profiles. ...
... Drug Alcohol Depend. ... Probuphine implants provided continuous steady state delivery of buprenorphine until their removal at 6 months. Withdrawal ... These results suggest that Probuphine implants offer significant promise for enhancing delivery of effective opioid ... in 12 heroin-dependent volunteers switched from daily sublingual buprenorphine dosing to either two or four Probuphine implants ...
Time-resolved nanoscale images helped show how crystallized anti-inflammatory drugs inhibited fibrosis on medical implants over ... Preventing Fibrosis Gives Implants a New Lease on Life. Crystallized anti-inflammatory drugs inhibited fibrosis on the surface ... Long-term implant fibrosis prevention in rodents and non-human primates using crystallized drug formulations. Nat. Mater. 18, ... Topography images of drug crystal morphology were acquired on the Cypher ES AFM in both tapping mode and contact mode. Imaging ...
Drug eluting Brachytherapy Implants for Chemo radiation Therapy. NIH Phase I SBIR Grant Awarded ...
System will be implanted during a surgical procedure that usually lasts one to three hours and will take place at a hospital or ... The Prometra® System will be implanted during a surgical procedure that usually lasts one to three hours and will take place at ... Improper functioning of the device can result in drug overdose or underdose that may have serious or life-threatening adverse ... After the system is implanted, problems with the device may occur and require additional surgery. ...
The drug coated medical implants were characterized for their surface and bulk morphology, the degradation rate of the film, ... The drug coated medical implants were characterized for their surface and bulk morphology, the degradation rate of the film, ... Drug release. Medical devices. School of Science & Engineering. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. Ph.D ... The first part of the dissertation work involves the fabrication of drug loaded breath figure thin films and its utilization as ...
"Implants of drug can be safe and effective for treating numerous conditions, and magnetically regulated implants are ... The drug is injected into the device and then surgically implanted in the area being treated. ... University of British Columbia scientists have introduced a magnetic drug implant, the first of its sort in Canada that could ... The drug also released an effect on cancer cells comparable to that of freshly administered docetaxel, offering that drugs ...
Get Label RSS Feed for this Drug. DURYSTA- bimatoprost implant. To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and paste it ... Intracameral implant containing bimatoprost 10 mcg, in a drug delivery system. (3) ... DURYSTA is an ophthalmic drug delivery system for a single intracameral administration of a biodegradable implant. DURYSTA ... View Labeling Archives for this drug. DURYSTA- bimatoprost implant. Number of versions: 8. ...
Alert android app antibiotics antimicrobial apps Case Studies children clinical leadership community Pharmacy Conference Drug ...
Implanted Drug Delivery Systems *Lisa Jo Stearns. Pages 279-297 * Endovascular Treatment of Vascular and Nonvascular Diseases ...
Norplant : contraceptive subdermal implants, manual for clinicians. by Population Council.. Material type: Text; Format: print ... Text; Format: print Publication details: Ottawa : IDRC, 1990Other title: Choix et défis : la recherche d un implant ... Text; Format: print Publication details: Geneva : World Health Organization, 1989Title translated: Implants sous-cutan*s ... Norplant : contraceptive subdermal implants : guide to effective counseling. by Population Council.. Material type: Text; ...
To be safe, a medical implant, device or drug case should be brought within one year of the date of the accident though it may ... A person who has been injured as a result of a defective medical implant, prescription drug or other device can bring a lawsuit ... studies indicate that a sufficient number of other patients who have ingested the drug or have had the device implanted in them ... J. Comparative Negligence in a Medical Implant, Device or Drug Case.. If plaintiff can establish that the defective product was ...
Cardiovascular implants and extracorporeal systems - Vascular device-drug combination products ... Cardiovascular implants and extracorporeal systems. Vascular device-drug combination products. Текущий статус : Отозвано Это ... drug-covered balloon catheters and drug-covered guidewires).. Pumps and infusion catheters which do not contain drug coverings ... For implanted products, ISO/TS 12417 should be considered as a supplement to ISO 14630, which specifies general requirements ...
... based implants on system performance, in particular the control of drug release. Different types of ibuprofen-loaded implants ... the resulting absolute and relative drug release rates decreased with increasing implant diameter (0.7-2.8 mm). Bi-phasic drug ... rapid drug release phase (accounting for 80-90% of the total drug dose). The decrease in the relative drug release rate with ... Bassand, C., Freitag, J., Benabed, L., Verin, J., Siepmann, F. and Siepmann, J. (2022) PLGA implants for controlled drug ...
  • The structure of the implant is individualized and designed to conform to the shape of the tissue that is being treated. (wikipedia.org)
  • These devices contain the drug within the structure of the implant itself and avoid the need to include additional drug carrier materials such as a polymers, which are often associated with inflammation and delayed healing/tissue regeneration at the implant site. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Ultrasonography can be used to assess the internal structure of the implant. (medscape.com)
  • MRI cannot be used when people have certain types of implanted metal objects, such as pacemakers, cochlear implants, implanted drug pumps or neural stimulators, clips in the brain used to treat aneurysms, or shrapnel. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Stephanie joined Drug Discovery News as an Assistant Editor in 2021. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • The U.S. Food And Drug Administration (FDA) issued a recall of approximately 200,000 Exactech implant devices in August 2021. (medtruth.com)
  • 40,000 Hip Implants Added to 2021 Exacte. (medtruth.com)
  • 2021 WL 211267 (M.D. Fla. Jan. 21, 2021), comes from the Biomet hip implant MDL. (druganddevicelawblog.com)
  • Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston have developed an implant, notably as small as a grain of rice, that can test the effects of drugs on a patient's brain tumor in real-time during surgery. (yahoo.com)
  • The technique known as microdialysis currently stands as one of the more minimally invasive sampling options for testing the impact of drugs on brain tumors, but even that requires an entire catheter to be inserted into the patient's skull cavity. (yahoo.com)
  • Imvax scientists implant the biodiffusion chambers filled with the patient's own tumor cells and the IGF-IR antisense molecule into small incisions on either side of the abdomen for 48 hours. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • Placed in a patient's abdominal area, the drug-device combination is designed to potentially reduce injection frequency and improve patient adherence. (pharmalive.com)
  • The drug delivery system consists of four catheters which, during the procedure, are accurately implanted into the patient's putamen, one of the key regions of the brain affected by Parkinson's disease," continued Skinner. (engineering-update.co.uk)
  • At patient's relapse 3 months later, M. conceptionense exhibiting identical antimicrobial drug susceptibility pattern was again isolated from the wound fluid. (cdc.gov)
  • They also account for 60%-80% of postsurgical wound infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria ( 2 ), particularly after breast surgery (with or without prosthetic implants) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Three years later, she underwent breast reconstruction that used a cutaneomuscular latissimus dorsi flap with a prosthetic implant. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-invasive drug eluting ring implants that can be inserted into the vagina and release therapeutic doses of contraceptive, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs to increase compliance of contraceptive therapeutics are under development. (wikipedia.org)
  • The FDA's Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee on Thursday unanimously voted against Intarcia Therapeutics ' investigational drug-device combination product ITCA 650 (exenatide in DUROS device) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (pharmalive.com)
  • A Reactive Prodrug Ink Formulation Strategy for Inkjet 3D Printing of Controlled Release Dosage Forms and Implants Advanced Therapeutics. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Using biodegradable polymers such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), drug loaded films were fabricated onto FDA approved medical devices (the Glaucoma drainage device and the Surgical hernia mesh). (tulane.edu)
  • The aim of this study was to better understand the importance of the diameter of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based implants on system performance, in particular the control of drug release. (novartis.com)
  • The device is designed to only remain implanted in a patient for about two to three hours while it delivers microdoses of the respective drug that is under observation. (yahoo.com)
  • The researchers are now conducting another study that focuses on implanting the device through a minimally invasive procedure 72 hours before their main surgery. (yahoo.com)
  • Intarcia was once a biotech unicorn, raising north of $1 billion in venture capital cash by pitching a device about the size of a matchstick that potentially could do away with twice-daily or once-weekly injections of the GLP-1 agonist exenatide, the active ingredient used in the branded drugs Byetta and Bydureon. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • ITCA 650 features a titanium implant known as a DUROS device, which is placed under the skin. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • In its presentation to the FDA, the company said the device includes a fail-safe that prevents it from delivering the drug all at once as a bolus dose. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • All 19 panelists found that the benefits of the implantable drug-device combination did not outweigh its risks from potential side effects. (pharmalive.com)
  • Sign up for our e-mail newsletter for a weekly dose of drug-device news. (drugdeliverybusiness.com)
  • After the system is implanted, problems with the device may occur and require additional surgery. (flowonix.com)
  • Improper functioning of the device can result in drug overdose or underdose that may have serious or life-threatening adverse effects. (flowonix.com)
  • The drug is injected into the device and then surgically implanted in the area being treated. (engineersgarage.com)
  • Passing a magnet over the skin of patient activates the device by deforming the sponge and triggering the release of the drug into surrounding tissue through a small opening. (engineersgarage.com)
  • The scientists tested their device on animal tissue in the lab employing the prostate cancer drug docetaxel. (engineersgarage.com)
  • The drug also released an effect on cancer cells comparable to that of freshly administered docetaxel, offering that drugs stored in the device stay effectual. (engineersgarage.com)
  • Because of the more difficult standard of proof in medical implant, drug and device cases, the cases are extraordinarily expensive to prove and they are usually aided by a number of victims coming together to bring an action against the manufacturer. (wmlawyers.com)
  • A person who has been injured as a result of a defective medical implant, prescription drug or other device can bring a lawsuit if he or she can establish fault on the part of the manufacturer, supplier or seller of the device or the physician who inserted the device or prescribed the drug, if they can establish negligence of the physician. (wmlawyers.com)
  • In addition, a plaintiff can bring a lawsuit against a physician, other healthcare provider or hospital who implanted a medical device or prescribed the defective drug, if plaintiff can establish that it was below the standard of care for the healthcare provider to implant the device or prescribe the drug in question. (wmlawyers.com)
  • In order to do this, plaintiff must establish that a reasonable healthcare provider under the circumstance would not have used the device or prescribed the drug. (wmlawyers.com)
  • Basically, plaintiff must establish that the healthcare provider knew or should have known of the dangerous propensities of the implant or drug or knew or should have known it was contraindicated for plaintiff, and failed to act reasonably under the circumstances, both in terms of using the device or prescribing the drug and failing to warn of its known dangers. (wmlawyers.com)
  • D. Design Defect Immunity for Drug and Medical Device Manufacturers. (wmlawyers.com)
  • the drug/device was properly prepared (i.e., there was no manufacturing defect). (wmlawyers.com)
  • Further, a plaintiff in a prescription drug or medical device case cannot bring a cause of action for breach of warranty. (wmlawyers.com)
  • The company's Port device is a refillable eye implant designed to continuously release drugs over a period of several months. (drugdeliverybusiness.com)
  • ISO 12417-1:2015 specifies requirements for vascular device-drug combination products (VDDCPs) based upon current technical and medical knowledge. (iso.org)
  • A VDDCP incorporates, as an integral part, substance(s) which, if used separately, can be considered to be a medicinal substance or product (drug substance, drug product) but the action of the medicinal substance is ancillary to that of the device and supports the primary mode of action (PMOA) of the device. (iso.org)
  • Delivery systems or parts of the delivery system are included in the scope of this part of ISO 12417, if they comprise an integral component of the vascular device and if they are drug-covered (e.g. drug-covered balloon catheters and drug-covered guidewires). (iso.org)
  • Devices whose PMOA is to provide a conduit for delivery of a drug, are excluded from the scope of this part of ISO 12417 (e.g. infusion catheters), unless they contain a drug component that is intended to have an ancillary action to the device part (e.g. antimicrobial coated infusion catheter). (iso.org)
  • Procedures and devices used prior to and following the introduction of the VDDCP (e.g. balloon angioplasty devices) are excluded from the scope of this part of ISO 12417 if they do not affect the drug-related aspects of the device. (iso.org)
  • Absorbable components of VDDCPs (e.g. coatings) are addressed by this part of ISO 12417 in their connection with drug-related aspects of the device. (iso.org)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began regulating SGBIs in 1976 with the passage of the Medical Device Amendments. (medscape.com)
  • The transatlantic partnership has created a smart implantable device that can administer a drug - while also sensing when it is beginning to be rejected - and use AI to change the shape of the device to maintain drug dosage and simultaneously bypass scar tissue build up. (medtelligence.net)
  • The research showed that changing the force and number of times the device was compelled to move or change shape allowed the device to release more drug, helping to bypass scar tissue build-up. (medtelligence.net)
  • Professor Ellen Roche, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT, said: "If we can sense how the individual's immune system is responding to an implanted therapeutic device and modify the dosing regime accordingly, it could have great potential in personalised, precision drug delivery, reducing off-target effects and ensuring the right amount of drug is delivered at the right time. (medtelligence.net)
  • The research team believe that their medical device breakthrough may pave the way for completely independent closed-loop implants that not only reduce fibrotic encapsulation, but sense it over time, and intelligently adjust their drug release activity in response. (medtelligence.net)
  • Our vet estimates that one of our treasured Drug and Device Law Little Rescue Dogs is approaching 14. (druganddevicelawblog.com)
  • Under the learned intermediary doctrine, as all of you know, the manufacturer of a prescription drug or medical device has a duty to warn only the prescribing physician, not the patient. (druganddevicelawblog.com)
  • To defeat summary judgment on warnings causation in a drug or device case, the plaintiff must adduce evidence that a different or stronger warning would have altered the doctor's decision to prescribe the drug or device. (druganddevicelawblog.com)
  • The US Drug Watchdog is the premier medical device, and pharmaceutical watchdog, and advocate in the United States. (leeseberglaw.com)
  • The group says, "We want to make certain all metal-on-metal DePuy Pinnacle hip implant victims get to the actual trial law firms, or attorneys, that have the best record in achieving superior results for their clients, in these types of medical device lawsuits. (leeseberglaw.com)
  • Background: Neural interfaces often elicit inflammatory responses and neuronal loss in the surrounding tissue which adversely affect the function and longevity of the implanted device. (lu.se)
  • Common gynecological implants that elute contraceptive medication can be inserted subcutaneously or into the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two doses of Probuphine were evaluated in 12 heroin-dependent volunteers switched from daily sublingual buprenorphine dosing to either two or four Probuphine implants based upon their buprenorphine daily maintenance dose of 8 mg or 16 mg respectively, and were monitored for 6 months. (nih.gov)
  • Implants of drug can be safe and effective for treating numerous conditions, and magnetically regulated implants are specifically interesting because you can adjust the dose and timing of insulin varies from patient to patient, "says the co-author John K. Jackson, a research scientist in UBC's faculty of pharmaceutical sciences. (engineersgarage.com)
  • Bi-phasic drug release was observed in all cases from the monolithic solutions (ibuprofen was dissolved in the polymer): A zero order release phase was followed by a final, rapid drug release phase (accounting for 80-90% of the total drug dose). (novartis.com)
  • VP002 uses the company's Hydron drug delivery platform to provide the continuous administration of a controlled dose of histrelin, a synthetic non-peptide agonist of the naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone. (bioworld.com)
  • The 56-mg implant in this trial was expected to lead to concentrations similar to the 62-mg implant from the previous trial, while the 48-mg implant was expected to be similar to the 54-mg dose used in the previous trial. (medscape.com)
  • After the implants were removed, the 56-mg dose maintained effective half-life for about 198 hours, he said. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, the FDA approved an implant that delivers a slow, but steady dose of buprenorphine over six months. (sobrietyresources.org)
  • We also urgently need family members, or loved ones of any hip senior citizen hip implant recipient, that was surgically installed between 2002, and 2011 to ask the family member, or friend, if it was a DePuy Pinnacle hip implant, and request they get a blood test as well. (leeseberglaw.com)
  • Drug eluting implants encompass a wide range of bioactive implants that can be placed in or near a tissue to provide a controlled, sustained or on demand release of drug while overcoming barriers associated with traditional oral and intravenous drug administration, such as limited bioavailability, metabolism, and toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The research team deployed an emerging technique to help reduce scar tissue formation known as mechanotherapy, where soft robotic implants make regular movements in the body, such as inflating and deflating. (medtelligence.net)
  • The local delivery of MC-NPs was shown to attenuate the acute brain tissue responses nearby an implant and therefore may be useful for improving biocompatibility of implanted neuro-electronic interfaces. (lu.se)
  • Goserelin implant is used in combination with radiation therapy and other medications to treat localized prostate cancer and is used alone to treat the symptoms associated with advanced prostate cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Goserelin implant is in a class of medications called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Goserelin comes as an implant to be inserted with a syringe subcutaneously (under the skin) in your stomach area by a doctor or nurse in a medical office or clinic. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An implant with 3.6 mg of goserelin is usually inserted every 4 weeks. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor will determine how long you should use goserelin implant. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Goserelin may cause an increase in certain hormones in the first few weeks after insertion of the implant. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Goserelin implant should not be used in pregnant women, except for treatment of advanced breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Goserelin implant may harm the fetus.You should not plan to become pregnant while using goserelin implant or for 12 weeks after your treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor may perform a pregnancy test or tell you to begin your treatment during your menstrual period to be sure that you are not pregnant when you begin using goserelin implant. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You will need to use a reliable nonhormonal method of birth control to prevent pregnancy while you are using goserelin implant and for 12 weeks after your treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You should not breast-feed during your treatment with goserelin implant. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you miss an appointment to receive an implant of goserelin, you should call your healthcare provider right away to reschedule your appointment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with a biodegradable antibiotic-impregnated implant. (rush.edu)
  • The results suggest that the use of breath figure morphologies in biodegradable polymer films adds an additional level of control to drug release. (tulane.edu)
  • DURYSTA is an ophthalmic drug delivery system for a single intracameral administration of a biodegradable implant. (nih.gov)
  • Probuphine implants provided continuous steady state delivery of buprenorphine until their removal at 6 months. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that Probuphine implants offer significant promise for enhancing delivery of effective opioid substitution treatment while minimizing risk for abuse of medication. (nih.gov)
  • It's called a Probuphine implant. (sobrietyresources.org)
  • A month ago, Dr. Kunkel implanted the first Probuphine rods on a patient here in Pittsburgh. (sobrietyresources.org)
  • Crystallized anti-inflammatory drugs inhibited fibrosis on the surface of medical implants over long periods of time. (oxinst.com)
  • The drug coated medical implants were characterized for their surface and bulk morphology, the degradation rate of the film, drug release rate and cell cytotoxicity. (tulane.edu)
  • It seems like every year a nationwide problem occurs stemming from the defective design and manufacture of medical implants, prescription drugs or medical devices that are inserted in patients' bodies. (wmlawyers.com)
  • Drug eluting stents and balloons are a common therapeutic method in the management and treatment of cardiovascular disease that to open and maintain arteries while delivering drug locally to an area of a vessel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intravitreal administration of therapeutic drug doses is commonly done via injection or implant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using Intarcia's proprietary Medici Drug Delivery System, ITCA 650 is a matchstick-sized mini osmotic pump designed to continuously deliver a therapeutic molecule just beneath the skin over six months. (pharmalive.com)
  • Imagine a therapeutic implant that can also sense its environment and respond as needed using AI - this approach could generate revolutionary changes in implantable drug delivery for a range of chronic diseases. (medtelligence.net)
  • Current uses for this method drug delivery include bone and joint implants that can release drugs at the joint replacement sites to prevent infection and anti-inflammatory responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite advances in orthopaedic materials, the development of drug-eluting bone and joint implants that can sustain the delivery of the drug and maintain the necessary mechanical strength to withstand loading has remained elusive. (nature.com)
  • Orthopedics This Week reported that the litigation centers on Exactech's polyethylene components that are used in joint implants. (medtruth.com)
  • Based on these observations, the dopamine neu- from dopamine neurons implanted into the brain pa- rons used for transplantation in these experiments renchyma with the goal of reinnervating the dener- were neuroblasts obtained from mid-trimester rat vated striatum.8,9 Rats with unilateral, 6-hydroxydo- fetuses. (lu.se)
  • VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
  • Dynamic changes in the implants' dry & wet mass, volume, polymer molecular weight as well as inner & outer morphology were monitored using gravimetric analysis, optical macroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and scanning electron microscopy. (novartis.com)
  • The physical states of the drug and polymer were determined by DSC. (novartis.com)
  • At that time, the data were from 16 participants who received an islatravir/polymer implant loaded with one of two doses of the drug: 54 mg or 62 mg. (medscape.com)
  • This time, Matthews' data represented 36 participants - 12 of whom were control persons - who received either one of three doses of the drug or placebo in a reformulated implant that contained polymer and islatravir as well as barium for tracking. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple Linear Regression Modeling To Predict the Stability of Polymer-Drug Solid Dispersions: Comparison of the Effects of Polymers and Manufacturing Methods on Solid Dispersion Stability MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The plaintiffs say their metal-on-metal hip implants led to injuries and a decreased quality of life. (medtruth.com)
  • For more information about the DePuy Pinnacle hip implant, and or issues related to metal on metal hip implants please contact the US Drug Watchdog at 866-714-6466 . (leeseberglaw.com)
  • The company's history already holds two rejections from the agency for its miniaturized implant, which is designed to slowly release a Type 2 diabetes medication over the course of six months. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • For instance, implants to control diabetes stayed fibrosis-free for over a year. (oxinst.com)
  • Drug eluting sutures can produce a prolonged local release of anaesthetic as well as heal wounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drug eluting implants are designed to be implanted into location specific tissues and release drug locally. (wikipedia.org)
  • The implant contains a reservoir that elutes a drug dependent on the mechanism of release. (wikipedia.org)
  • Implanon implant contains etonogestrel, a hormone that prevents ovulation (the release of an egg from an ovary). (drugs.com)
  • In its 2020 complete response letter rejecting the company's application, the FDA urged Intarcia to redesign the product to make the drug-release rates more reliable and to then conduct new clinical trials to test it. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • How does fluid flow influence drug release from drug filled implants? (strath.ac.uk)
  • One common feature of in vitro experiments to generate drug release profiles is stirring or agitation of the release medium. (strath.ac.uk)
  • However, the influence of the resulting fluid flow on the rate of drug release from DFIs has yet to be quantified. (strath.ac.uk)
  • In this paper we consider two DFIs, which although similar in shape and size, employ different strategies to control the release of drug: a porous pin with pores on the order of μm and a pin drilled with orifices of the order of mm. (strath.ac.uk)
  • We develop a multiphysics mathematical model of drug release from these DFIs, subject to fluid flow induced through stirring and show that fluid flow greatly influences the drug release profile for the orifice pin, but that the porous pin drug release profile is relatively insensitive to flow. (strath.ac.uk)
  • We demonstrate that drug release from the porous pin may adequately be described through a simplified radial 1D dissolution-diffusion model, while a 3D dissolution-advection-diffusion model is required to describe drug release from the orifice pin. (strath.ac.uk)
  • A sensitivity analysis reveals that that the balance of reaction-advection-diffusion in terms of key nondimensional numbers governs the overall drug release. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Our findings potentially have important implications in terms of devising the most relevant experimental protocol for quantifying drug release from DFIs. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Placed during cataract surgery, the sustained-release implant delivers dexamethasone for two weeks from the lens capsule. (drugdeliverybusiness.com)
  • Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin. (medscape.com)
  • Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug. (rush.edu)
  • AFM time-resolved images gave insight into the mechanisms of drug release on the molecular level. (oxinst.com)
  • The crystallized drugs release slowly over time and locally dampen the immune response that causes fibrosis. (oxinst.com)
  • As part of the study, time-resolved AFM imaging was used to measure the release rate of drug molecules and the dependence on crystal size and type. (oxinst.com)
  • For the in situ drug release studies, sequences of molecular-level images were acquired ~1 minute apart. (oxinst.com)
  • The first part of the dissertation work involves the fabrication of drug loaded breath figure thin films and its utilization as a controlled drug release carrier and biomaterial scaffold. (tulane.edu)
  • In comparison to non-porous films, the breath figure films showed an increased degradation and enhanced drug release. (tulane.edu)
  • Drug release was measured in well agitated phosphate buffer pH7.4 bulk fluid and in agarose gels in Eppendorf tubes or transwell plates. (novartis.com)
  • Irrespective of the type of experimental set-up, the resulting absolute and relative drug release rates decreased with increasing implant diameter (0.7-2.8 mm). (novartis.com)
  • The decrease in the relative drug release rate with increasing system diameter can be explained by the increase in the diffusion pathway lengths to be overcome. (novartis.com)
  • Interestingly, also the onset of the final rapid drug release phase was delayed with increasing implant diameter. (novartis.com)
  • Because of the change in composition [of the implant], the release dynamics of islatravir also change," said Matthews. (medscape.com)
  • We could finely control the drug release in a computational model and on the bench using soft robotics, regardless of significant fibrosis. (medtelligence.net)
  • If you underwent a hip replacement procedure and received a DePuy Pinnacle implant, please review this important press release to assist in identifying a potential medical malpractice or product liability lawsuit. (leeseberglaw.com)
  • Sustained release of brimonidine from BRI@SR@TPU implant for treatment of glaucoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • The in vitro BRI release from BRI@SR@TPU implants shows a sustainable release profile for up to 35 d, with decreased burst release and increased immediate drug concentration. (bvsalud.org)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stopped trials of oral and implant formulations of islatravir for HIV, the investigational drug's developer, Merck and Co, announced in a press release . (medscape.com)
  • the donor.4,11 In the case of nerve cells obtained from either delivery of dopamine released from cells the developing central nervous system (CNS), the opti- implanted into the ventricle, adjacent to the stria- mal age was shown to be at, or close to, the cell-cycle tum,6,7 or restoration of synaptic dopamine release exit. (lu.se)
  • A reformulated implant of investigational HIV prevention drug islatravir could protect people from HIV for a year. (medscape.com)
  • But that looks to be changing, and rapidly, not just because of the data presented on the islatravir implant but also because of data presented on a monthly oral islatravir pill , weekly HIV prevention pills , monthly cabotegravir injections, vaginal rings, and monoclonal antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • A year and a half ago, Matthews was on a similar stage, presenting similar data on an islatravir implant. (medscape.com)
  • Notably, Matthews said, this implant was able to achieve with 56 mg of islatravir what the previous implant achieved with 62 mg. (medscape.com)
  • This half-life led Matthews to suggest that the "long tail" problem identified early on in the study of a long-acting cabotegravir-for-PrEP shot would likely not arise for people who discontinue the islatravir implant. (medscape.com)
  • Islatravir and [investigational drug] MK-8507 were being explored in oral and other formulations and potentially would offer a non-integrase, two-drug option, increasing options for people with HIV. (medscape.com)
  • People currently receiving islatravir as part of the studies for PrEP, as well as injectable islatravir for treatment and prophylaxis, will no longer receive the study drug, and T-cell and lymphocyte counts will be monitored for recovery. (medscape.com)
  • Drug eluting contact lenses and implants can deliver targeted and extended doses of drug to the retina without the need for injection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Techniques are dependent on factors such as the condition being managed, the drug being released and the individual patient being treated. (wikipedia.org)
  • We need to be able to understand, early on, which drug works best for any given patient," he said. (yahoo.com)
  • Dr. Kunkel said while they just recently started offering the implant, they get over 100 patient treatment requests a day. (sobrietyresources.org)
  • This tape, called the drug mention tape, contains information on 38,948 drugs mentioned in the national sample of 38,384 patient visits. (cdc.gov)
  • Carmustine implant is used along with surgery and sometimes radiation therapy to treat malignant glioma (a certain type of cancerous brain tumor). (epnet.com)
  • C3 Jian, Inc., a private company focused on providing improved oral health care, announced March 7, 2014, that the first Phase 2 clinical trial for its novel drug, C16G2, has begun under its U.S. Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug (IND) application. (perioimplantadvisory.com)
  • Degradation and other time-dependent aspects of absorbable implants and coatings are not completely addressed by this part of ISO 12417. (iso.org)
  • Results: MC-NPs were successfully incorporated into gelatin-coatings of neural implants by an absorption method suitable for thermosensitive drug-loads. (lu.se)
  • The company's drug targets the specific elimination of Streptococcus mutans , the bacterium believed to be a critical factor in the cause of dental caries or tooth decay. (perioimplantadvisory.com)
  • About $5 million of the take was earmarked for research and development, including Phase III trials with VP002, the company's Histrelin CPP implant, for which Valera plans to submit a new drug application in the second quarter. (bioworld.com)
  • Silicone gel breast implants (SGBIs) have been marketed in the United States since 1962. (medscape.com)
  • One retrospective study by Hadad et al of 284 women (542 breasts) indicated that in breast augmentation mammoplasty with silicone gel implants, larger implant size and use of the submuscular, as opposed to the subglandular, plane increase the risk of implant rupture. (medscape.com)
  • Inversion recovery magnetic resonance image shows an intact silicone gel breast implant. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, a highly efficient brimonidine (BRI) silicone rubber implant (BRI@SR@TPU implant) has been designed, prepared, characterized, and administrated for sustained relief of IOP to treat glaucoma . (bvsalud.org)
  • These implants can be loaded with a variety of different drug types such as antibiotics, antivirals, chemotherapy, growth factors and anti-inflammatory drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • We argue that the antibiotic-eluting UHMWPE joint implant is a promising candidate for clinical trials. (nature.com)
  • During the development process, researchers at the Brigham and Women's Hospital ran a clinical trial to observe the actual impact of the implant on real patients. (yahoo.com)
  • Following this study, it is hoped that the drug delivery system will be used in clinical trials for the treatment of other neurological conditions, including brain tumours and Huntington's disease. (engineering-update.co.uk)
  • R&D spending of IPO funds also will finance clinical trials for VP006, a rapid dissolve peptide to treat nocturnal enuresis, for which Valera plans to submit an NDA in 2006, as well as Phase IIb trials for VP003, the firm's octreotide implant for acromegaly, and Phase I/II trials for VP004, the naltrexone implant for addiction disorders. (bioworld.com)
  • To the contrary, the surgeon testified that he selected the implant "based solely on his professional and clinical experience," not based on any materials provided by the defendant or anything he heard from the defendant's sales representatives. (druganddevicelawblog.com)
  • The Prometra ® System will be implanted during a surgical procedure that usually lasts one to three hours and will take place at a hospital or surgical center. (flowonix.com)
  • A U. S. team led by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has shown how to limit fibrosis by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug in the devices. (oxinst.com)
  • Long-term implant fibrosis prevention in rodents and non-human primates using crystallized drug formulations. (oxinst.com)
  • The University of Galway-MIT research team originally developed first-generation flexible devices, known as soft robotic implants, to improve drug delivery and reduce fibrosis. (medtelligence.net)
  • A machine learning algorithm was also developed and deployed to predict the required number and force of actuations to achieve consistent drug dosing, regardless of the level of fibrosis present. (medtelligence.net)
  • Dental implant maintenance: So many recommendations, but which one is right? (perioimplantadvisory.com)
  • Alanya's Dental and Implant Hospital is the major centre of specialist dental services for the Mediterranean Region. (alanyadentalhospital.com)
  • These properties allow applications as structural materials, in electronics, as heating elements, in batteries, in the production of stain-resistant fabric, for bone grafting and dental implants, and for targeted drug delivery. (cdc.gov)
  • In recent years, hundreds of thousands of patients have been injured by breast implants, penile implants, contaminated sutures, and dangerous prescription drugs such as Rezulin, Fen-Fen and Vioxx. (wmlawyers.com)
  • DUROS implants had previously been approved for use with Bayer's palliative prostate cancer drug Viadur, but the product was discontinued in 2007. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • Traditional bio-printing technologies used in the field of biomedical engineering include inkjet-based systems, extrusion-based systems, and laser-assisted systems that can be used to create highly specific and individual implants for patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Delayed extrusion of ganciclovir implant. (rush.edu)
  • Different types of ibuprofen-loaded implants were prepared by hot melt extrusion using a Leistritz Nano 16 twin-screw extruder. (novartis.com)
  • The medicine is contained in a small plastic rod that is implanted into the skin of your upper arm. (drugs.com)
  • If you have recently had a baby, wait at least 3 weeks (4 weeks if breast-feeding) before receiving an Implanon implant. (drugs.com)
  • Do not use the implant if you are breast-feeding a baby younger than 4 weeks old. (drugs.com)
  • Hundreds of thousands of women receive breast implants every year for a variety of reasons. (lawyerworks.com)
  • Saline breast implants have replaced SGBIs as the common breast prosthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Details of the FDA rulings and current status updates are available at the Breast Implants information section of the FDA Web site. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 3.5 million people in the United States have breast implants. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] Each year in the United States, about 300,000 women undergo breast augmentation, and another 90,000 receive breast implants for breast reconstruction after cancer surgery. (medscape.com)
  • This article does not address imaging of the rupture of single-lumen saline implants (which usually is clinically obvious because extravasated saline is rapidly absorbed and breast volume quickly decreases at examination). (medscape.com)
  • On day 27, she underwent surgical revision with ablation of the breast implant, drainage, and sample collection. (cdc.gov)
  • Panel members expressed concerns over safety signals seen in previous studies and pointed to the possibility of acute kidney injuries and cardiovascular side effects that may be driven by uneven delivery of the drug over time. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • Ultimately, the panel unanimously voted against recommending approval of the implant, dubbed ITCA 650, based on the currently available data. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • The active ingredient in ITCA 650 is exenatide, which belongs to the drug class called GLP-1 receptor agonists along with Novo Nordisk's Ozempic (semaglutide) and Lilly's Trulicity (dulaglutide). (pharmalive.com)
  • For implanted products, this International Standard should be considered as a supplement to ISO 14630, which specifies general requirements for the performance of non-active surgical implants. (iso.org)
  • ISO 12417-1:2015 does not address issues associated with active surgical implants (i.e. implants that require power not generated by the human body or gravity). (iso.org)
  • University of British Columbia scientists have introduced a magnetic drug implant, the first of its sort in Canada that could offer a substituting method to patients struggling with multiple pills or intravenous injections. (engineersgarage.com)
  • With an identified threshold of at least 0.05 pmol per million cells to simulate effectiveness - determined on the basis of monkey studies and other antiviral data - all three implant doses remained above the threshold throughout the active part of the trial. (medscape.com)
  • Drug eluting implants have shown potential in the treatment of cancer through adjuvant chemotherapy that has shown to suppress tumor formation locally, overcoming side effects associated with systemic chemotherapy treatment and reduce the need for surgical resection of cancerous tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can observe the impact of up to 20 drugs on the market for cancerous tumors, according to the researchers. (yahoo.com)
  • published Wednesday, Pierpaolo Peruzzi, co-principal investigator and assistant professor in the Department of Neurosurgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital said that knowing the impact of cancer drugs on these tumors is critical. (yahoo.com)
  • DSN: CC37.NAMCS89.DRUG ABSTRACT This report provides documentation for users of the 1989 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) Micro-Data Tapes for Drug Mentions. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1980, 1981, and 1985, and continuously from 1989, the NAMCS encounter form included a question which asked for a listing of all drugs/medications ordered, administered or provided during the visit. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: A novel drug-nanoparticle-delivery-system was developed for neural interfaces and thermosensitive drug-loads. (lu.se)
  • Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for neural interfaces - a novel approach for improved biocompatibility. (lu.se)
  • Figure 2: Highly eccentric drug cluster morphology influences the mechanical and elution properties of the implant material. (nature.com)
  • Figure 3: Influence of the highly eccentric morphology of modified UHMWPE on its drug elution and mechanical properties. (nature.com)
  • Topography images of drug crystal morphology were acquired on the Cypher ES AFM in both tapping mode and contact mode . (oxinst.com)
  • Right now, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved only generic tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtracitabine (Truvada) and its cousin, tenofovir alafenamide/emtracitabine (Descovy), for HIV prevention, and only Truvada has been approved for treatment of cisgender women. (medscape.com)
  • If you need surgery or medical tests or if you will be on bed rest, you may need to have your Implanon implant removed for a short time. (drugs.com)
  • According to the police, 780 grams of liquid cocaine implants were found inside the thighs of a 42-year- old woman traveling through Bogota from Cali , the country's plastic surgery capital, to Madrid. (colombiareports.com)
  • Thu use of plastic surgery would severely complicate the detection of mules as implants are relatively common in South America and body scans cannot identify the content of an implant. (colombiareports.com)
  • Carmustine implant comes as a small wafer that is placed in the brain by a doctor during surgery to remove the brain tumor. (epnet.com)
  • iVeena Delivery Systems said earlier this month that it finished a pilot trial for its IVMED-10 bioerodible implant designed to treat pain and inflammation after cataract surgery. (drugdeliverybusiness.com)
  • The recall was announced after the agency received several reports that Exactech implant components had become loose in patients' bodies, causing them pain, which required surgery to correct. (medtruth.com)
  • A woman claims her Pinnacle metal hip implant gave her heavy metal poisoning and forced her to undergo surgery. (medtruth.com)
  • The US Drug Watchdog says, "Because we do not want to see any DePuy Pinnacle hip implant recipient left on the curb with the tab for an expensive hip replacement surgery, we are now urging all recipients to get a blood test that is focused on elevated levels of cobalt, or chromium in their blood. (leeseberglaw.com)
  • The incidence of implant rupture increases with time, and the long-term systemic effects of SGBIs, if any, remain unclear. (medscape.com)
  • When implant rupture and extravasation are detected on mammography, further imaging studies may not be required. (medscape.com)
  • However, screening mammography alone is insensitive for detection of intracapsular implant rupture, and its findings often are nonspecific in the detection of SGBI rupture. (medscape.com)
  • It provides a reliable way to assess implant rupture and is highly sensitive for detection of both intracapsular and extracapsular rupture. (medscape.com)
  • The industry's fourth initial public offering to price this year landed just below the range hoped for, as the implantable-drug firm Valera Pharmaceuticals Inc. sold 3.75 million shares at $9 each, raising $33.75 million. (bioworld.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that modifying the eccentricity of drug clusters and the percolation threshold in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) results in maximized drug elution and the retention of mechanical strength. (nature.com)
  • the implant retention plug may be visible in the bevel and should not be removed. (nih.gov)
  • For six months, each volunteer will receive monthly infusions of CDNF, or artificial CerebroSpinal Fluid (aCSF) for those receiving the placebo, via the drug delivery system. (engineering-update.co.uk)
  • Intracameral implant containing bimatoprost 10 mcg, in a drug delivery system. (nih.gov)
  • This story was updated on 10/8/18 to clarify that the Port drug-delivery system is not being used in the faricimab DME study. (drugdeliverybusiness.com)
  • Renishaw's drug delivery system could be revolutionary in improving treatment options for Parkinson's disease," explained Paul Skinner, General Manager for Renishaw's Neurological Products Division. (engineering-update.co.uk)
  • It will evaluate the safety and tolerability of the drug delivery system and CDNF, a large molecule that could slow the progression of Parkinson's disease, improving the quality of life for patients and prolong their lives. (engineering-update.co.uk)
  • Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new drug-delivery-system for local and sustained administration of minocycline in the brain. (lu.se)
  • The developed drug-delivery-system may potentially also be used for other pharmaceutics to provide highly localized and therefore more specific effects as compared to systemic administration. (lu.se)
  • The production of drug eluting implants has grown significantly in the last decade and continues to be an area of research due to their flexible nature that can be utilised for the treatment of a multitude of medical conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drug eluting implants can be used in the management and treatment of a variety of medical conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Traditional drug delivery methods have potential disadvantages that have led to the development of different drug delivery techniques across most body systems, many of which can improve treatment efficacy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The treatment of orthopedic conditions has proved to be a large target area for drug eluting implants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Implants like the one developed by the Brigham and Women's Hospital bring scientists one step closer to better being able to use tools and data to provide more personalized care treatment plans for cancer patients. (yahoo.com)
  • In September 2004, just after raising $11.5 million in its third round of financing, Valera (once known as Hydro Med Sciences Inc.) started enrollment of a pivotal Phase III trial of VP002, which is a one-year implant for hormonal treatment of central precocious puberty, an affliction characterized by the early onset of sexual development in pre-adolescents. (bioworld.com)
  • Vantas is a 12-month implant for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer. (bioworld.com)
  • There were high hopes for this drug," she said, adding that the hope was it would be paired with Gilead's lenacapavir (another long-acting agent) for treatment and be able to give a once-weekly option for HIV treatment. (medscape.com)
  • and 3) wound healing during appropriate, long-term antimicrobial drug treatment. (cdc.gov)