Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).
This plant order includes 8 families, 66 genera, and about 1,800 species. These herbaceous perennials are mainly found in the wet tropics. Members include the banana family (MUSACEAE) and GINGER family (ZINGIBERACEAE).
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/66602)

After metabolic activation the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-[3H]methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one binds to DNA in vitro, and this binding is prevented by 7,8-benzoflavone. Radioactivity cannot be removed from the DNA with organic solvents or by chromatography on Sephadex G-50, even after heat denaturation of the DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields radioactive fractions, which elute from a column of Sephadex LH-20 immediately after the natural nucleosides. At least two species of reactive metabolites are involved in this bending, those with a half-life of a few hr and others with greater stability. After extraction from the aqueous incubation mixture, they could be detected in discrete polar fractions from separations of the complex metabolite mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their ability to bind to DNA decreased with time at ambient temperature, and they were rapidly deactivated by acid. 7,8-Benzolflavone acted by suppressing the formation of polar metabolites derived from enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic double bonds. The inhibitor had no effect on the enzymes hydroxylating saturated carbon; hence it is unlikely that metabolism of the methyl group is important in conversion of this carcinogen to its proximate form, although the presence of the 11-methyl group is essential for carcinogenic activity in this series.  (+info)

Action of partially thiolated polynucleotides on the DNA polymerase alpha from regenerating rat liver. (2/66602)

The effects of partially thiolated polynucleotides on the DNA polymerase alpha from regenerating rat liver were investigated. The enzyme was isolated from the nuclear fraction essentially according to the method of Baril et al.; it was characterized as the alpha polymerase on the basis of its response to synthetic templates and its inhibition with N-ethylmaleimide. Although polycytidylic acid had no effect on the DNA polymerase alpha either as a template or as an inhibitor, partially thiolated polycytidylic acid (MPC) was found to be a potent inhibitor, its activity being directly related to its extent of thiolation (percentage of 5-mercaptocytidylate units in the polymer). In comparison, the DNA polymerase beta which was purified from normal rat liver nuclear fraction, was much less sensitive to inhibition by MPC. Analysis of the inhibition of the alpha polymerase by the method of Lineweaver and Burk showed that the inhibitory action of MPC was competitively reversible with the DNA template, but the binding of the 7.2%-thiolated MPC to the enzyme was much stronger than that of the template (Ki/Km less than 0.03). Polyuridylic acid as such showed some inhibitory activity which increased on partial thiolation, but the 8.4%-thiolated polyuridylic acid was less active than the 7.2% MPC. When MPC was annealed with polyinosinic acid, it lost 80% of its inhibitory activity in the double-stranded configuration. However, 1 to 2%-thiolated DNA isolates were significantly more potent inhibitors than were comparable (1.2%-thiolated) MPC and showed competitive reversibility with the unmodified (but "activated") DNA template. These results indicate that the inhibitory activities of partially thiolated polynucleotides depend not only on the percentage of 5-mercapto groups but also on the configuration, base composition, and other specific structural properties.  (+info)

Blood thymidine level and iododeoxyuridine incorporation and reutilization in DNA in mice given long-acting thymidine pellets. (3/66602)

A long-acting thymidine pellet consisting of 190 mg of cholesterol and 60 mg of thymidine has been developed for the study of thymidine metabolism and reutilization in vivo. Implantation of such a pellet s.c. in adult mice will maintain the blood plasma concentration of thymidine at levels between 40 and 8 X 10(-6) M, which are from 36 to 7 times those of normal mice, for periods up to 48 hr. During this period, in vivo uptake and reutilization of [125I]iododeoxyuridine, a thymidine analog, into intestinal and tumor DNA were almost completely suppressed. While iododeoxyuridine reutilization is not large in normal proliferative tissue even in the absence of pellet implants, reutilization of over 30% was measured in large, rapidly growing ascites tumors. The inhibition of iododeoxyuridine incorporation by elevated thymidine blood levels is directly proportional to serum concentration. This appears to be due to a thymidine pool in rapid equilibrium with blood thymidine. This pool is at least 10 times larger than the 4-nmole pool of extracellular thymidine.  (+info)

Effect of hepatocarcinogens on the binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex in rat liver nuclei. (4/66602)

The effects of a number of carcinogens and hepatotoxins on the binding kinetics of the interactions of glucocorticoidcytosol receptor complex with nuclear acceptor sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent concentration of nuclear binding sites and the Kd were significantly diminished following treatment of rats with sublethal doses of the carcinogens aflatoxin B1, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine, thioacetamide, 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 3-methylcholanthrene. Treatment with actinomycin D resulted in a slight reduction in the apparent concentration of nuclear acceptor sites but had no effect on the nuclear binding Kd. The hepatotoxic but noncarcinogenic analgesic, acetaminophen, as well as the weakly toxic aflatoxin B1 cognate, aflatoxin B2, were without effect on the kinetics or binding capacity of glucocorticoid-nuclear acceptor site interaction. These experiments suggest that chemically induced alteration of functional glucocorticoid binding sites on chromatin may be involved in the biochemical effects produced in liver by carcinogens of several chemical types. This experimental model may provide a useful approach for further elucidation of early events in carcinogenesis.  (+info)

Effect of sex difference on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by the rat. (5/66602)

Hepatic microsome-catalyzed metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxin Q1 and the "metabolic activation" of AFB1 to DNA-alylating metabolite(s) were studied in normal male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, in gonadectomized animals, and in castrated males and normal females treated with testosterone. Microsomes from male animals formed 2 to 5 times more aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin Q1, and DNA-alkylating metabolite(s) than those from females. Castration reduced the metabolism of AFB1 by the microsomes from males by about 50%, whereas ovariectomy had no significant effect on AFB1 metabolism by the microsomes from females. Testosterone treatment (4 mg/rat, 3 times/week for about 6 weeks) of castrated immature males and immature females enhanced the metabolism of AFB1 by their microsomes. A sex difference in the metabolism of AFB1 by liver microsomes was also seen in other strains of rats tested: Wistar, Long-Evans, and Fischer. The activity of kidney microsomes for metabolic activation was 1 to 4% that of the liver activity and was generally lower in microsomes from male rats as compared to those from female rats of Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Long-Evans strains. The in vitro results obtained with hepatic microsomes correlated well with the in vivo metabolism of AFB1, in that more AFB1 became bound in vivo to hepatic DNA isolated from male rats and from a female rat treated with testosterone than that isolated from control female rats. These data suggest that the differences in hepatic AFB1 metabolism may be the underlying cause of the sex difference in toxicity and carcinogenicity of AFB1 observed in rats.  (+info)

Lymphocyte proliferation inhibitory factor (PIF) in alcoholic liver disease. (6/66602)

Lymphocyte proliferation inhibitory factor (PIF) was determined in the supernatants of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with alcoholic liver disease. PIF was assayed by determining inhibition of DNA synthesis in WI-38 human lung fibroblasts. A two-fold greater inhibition in thymidine incorporation into DNA by lung fibroblasts was observed in supernatants of PHA stimulated lymphocytes from patients with alcoholic hepatitis or active Laennec's cirrhosis as compared with that found in control subjects or patients with fatty liver. It is suggested that decreased liver cell regeneration seen in some patients with alcoholic hepatitis may be due to increased elaboration of PIF.  (+info)

Features of the immune response to DNA in mice. I. Genetic control. (7/66602)

The genetic control of the immune response to DNA was studied in various strains of mice F1 hybrids and corresponding back-crosses immunized with single stranded DNA complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin. Anti-DNA antibody response was measured by radioimmuno-logical technique. High responder, low responder, and intermediate responder strains were found and the ability to respond to DNA was characterized as a dominant genetic trait which is not linked to the major locus of histocompatibility. Studies in back-crosses suggested that this immune response is under multigenic control. High responder mice produce both anti-double stranded DNA and anti-single stranded DNA 7S and 19S antibodies, while low responder mice produce mainly anti-single stranded DNA 19S antibodies.  (+info)

Mechanisms of GDF-5 action during skeletal development. (8/66602)

Mutations in GDF-5, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, result in the autosomal recessive syndromes brachypod (bp) in mice and Hunter-Thompson and Grebe-type chondrodysplasias in humans. These syndromes are all characterised by the shortening of the appendicular skeleton and loss or abnormal development of some joints. To investigate how GDF-5 controls skeletogenesis, we overexpressed GDF-5 during chick limb development using the retrovirus, RCASBP. This resulted in up to a 37.5% increase in length of the skeletal elements, which was predominantly due to an increase in the number of chondrocytes. By injecting virus at different stages of development, we show that GDF-5 can increase both the size of the early cartilage condensation and the later developing skeletal element. Using in vitro micromass cultures as a model system to study the early steps of chondrogenesis, we show that GDF-5 increases chondrogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. We did not detect changes in proliferation. However, cell suspension cultures showed that GDF-5 might act at these stages by increasing cell adhesion, a critical determinant of early chondrogenesis. In contrast, pulse labelling experiments of GDF-5-infected limbs showed that at later stages of skeletal development GDF-5 can increase proliferation of chondrocytes. Thus, here we show two mechanisms of how GDF-5 may control different stages of skeletogenesis. Finally, our data show that levels of GDF-5 expression/activity are important in controlling the size of skeletal elements and provides a possible explanation for the variation in the severity of skeletal defects resulting from mutations in GDF-5.  (+info)

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

In the context of medical definitions, polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits called monomers. These long chains of monomers can have various structures and properties, depending on the type of monomer units and how they are linked together. In medicine, polymers are used in a wide range of applications, including drug delivery systems, medical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Some examples of polymers used in medicine include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL).

Zingiberales is not a medical term, but a botanical term referring to a order of monocotyledonous plants, also known as the ginger order. It includes several families of plants that are important in medicine and related fields, including Zingiberaceae (the ginger family), Cannabaceae (the cannabis family), and Musaceae (the banana family). Plants in this order are characterized by having a unique type of flower structure and often produce aromatic compounds used in perfumes, flavorings, and traditional medicines.

Chromosome mapping, also known as physical mapping, is the process of determining the location and order of specific genes or genetic markers on a chromosome. This is typically done by using various laboratory techniques to identify landmarks along the chromosome, such as restriction enzyme cutting sites or patterns of DNA sequence repeats. The resulting map provides important information about the organization and structure of the genome, and can be used for a variety of purposes, including identifying the location of genes associated with genetic diseases, studying evolutionary relationships between organisms, and developing genetic markers for use in breeding or forensic applications.

Nanotechnology is not a medical term per se, but it is a field of study with potential applications in medicine. According to the National Nanotechnology Initiative, nanotechnology is defined as "the understanding and control of matter at the nanoscale, at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications."

In the context of medicine, nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoscale materials, devices, or systems for medical applications. These can include drug delivery systems that target specific cells or tissues, diagnostic tools that detect biomarkers at the molecular level, and tissue engineering strategies that promote regeneration and repair.

While nanotechnology holds great promise for medicine, it is still a relatively new field with many challenges to overcome, including issues related to safety, regulation, and scalability.

DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.

The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.

In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.

MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.

MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.

... exists in many possible conformations that include A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms, although only B-DNA and Z-DNA have been ... In DNA replication, DNA-dependent DNA polymerases make copies of DNA polynucleotide chains. To preserve biological information ... DNA at Curlie DNA binding site prediction on protein DNA the Double Helix Game From the official Nobel Prize web site DNA under ... DNA can be twisted like a rope in a process called DNA supercoiling. With DNA in its "relaxed" state, a strand usually circles ...
DNA binding sites are regions in the genome sequence that bind to and interact with specific proteins. They play an important ... Segmental duplications are DNA segments of more than 1000 base pairs that are repeated in the genome with more than 90% ... DNA annotation is classified into two categories: structural annotation, which identifies and demarcates elements in a genome, ... They appeared as a necessity to handle the enormous amount of data produced by the Maxam-Gilbert and Sanger DNA sequencing ...
... is replicated by the DNA polymerase gamma complex which is composed of a 140 kDa catalytic DNA polymerase ... Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and ... one precious model for organelle DNA inheritance and evolution". DNA and Cell Biology. 28 (2): 79-89. doi:10.1089/dna.2008.0807 ... The DNA oxidation product 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is a well-established marker of oxidative DNA damage. In persons with ...
List of DNA banks by Global Genome Biodiversity Network[permanent dead link] NIAS DNA bank RBG Kew DNA bank DNA Bank Network ... Some DNA banks also store the DNA of rare or endangered species to ensure their survival. The DNA bank can be used to compare ... The Human DNA Bank India at Lucknow city, the Asia's first Human DNA Bank takes the DNA of common public, stores it for 50 ... collects the DNA of agricultural organisms, such as rice and fish, for scientific research. Most DNA provided by DNA banks is ...
On its own, DNA-PKcs is inactive and relies on Ku to direct it to DNA ends and trigger its kinase activity. DNA-PKcs is ... MicroRNA-101 targets DNA-PKcs via binding to the 3'- UTR of DNA-PKcs mRNA and efficiently reduces protein levels of DNA-PKcs. ... If DNA repair is deficient, DNA damage tends to accumulate. Such excess DNA damage may increase mutations due to error-prone ... DNA-PK also cooperates with ATR and ATM to phosphorylate proteins involved in the DNA damage checkpoint. DNA-PKcs knockout mice ...
In April 2015, DNA launched a one-brand strategy and combined the previously separate DNA Store, DNA Welho and DNA Business ... "Annual report 2020". corporate.dna.fi. Retrieved 2021-04-21. "PeeringDB". "DNA yrityksenä". DNA. Retrieved 2020-04-06. "DNA on ... In February, Telenor acquired ownership of all DNA shares, and DNA exited the stock exchange. DNA has two business segments: ... In autumn 2016, DNA was listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange. At the end of the year, DNA's 4G network reached 99.6% of the ...
Relic DNA dynamics Extracellular DNA, sometimes called relic DNA, is DNA from dead microbes. Naked extracellular DNA (eDNA), ... The DNA in the sample is extracted and purified. The purified DNA is then amplified for a specific gene target so it can be ... Extracellular DNA in surface deep-sea sediments is by far the largest reservoir of DNA of the world oceans. The main sources of ... Environmental DNA or eDNA is DNA that is collected from a variety of environmental samples such as soil, seawater, snow or air ...
... is a form of non-B DNA, or an alternative DNA structure. The formation of cruciform DNA requires the presence of ... B-DNA can form transient structures of cruciform DNA that act as recognition signals near origins of replication in the DNA of ... Cruciform DNA is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and has a role in DNA transcription and DNA replication, double ... Double-stranded breaks in DNA can trigger incorrect DNA repair, chromosomal translocations, and in severe cases, DNA ...
The DNA pass through a gauge needle several times to physically tear the DNA into fine pieces. French pressure cells pass DNA ... It used to amplify a specific region of a DNA strand (the DNA target). Most PCR methods typically amplify DNA fragments of ... DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands into pieces. It can be done intentionally by laboratory ... Fragment size is determined by the pressure of the gas used to push the DNA through the nebulizer, the speed at which the DNA ...
... is a pseudoscientific claim which suggests that DNA can produce electromagnetic signals (EMS) that are ... The PCR machine in Italy produces DNA, 98% identical to the initial DNA in Paris. It is proposed by Montagnier that some ... where the DNA can replicate through polymerase chain reaction, despite the absence of the original DNA in the new water sample ... In the same year, the team reported similar EMS from the DNA of HIV under high dilution of the culture medium. They used the ...
... requires that DNA in the sample is extracted. Several different DNA extraction methods exist, and factors like ... Amplification of the extracted DNA is a required step in DNA barcoding. Typically, only a small fragment of the total DNA ... DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of ... DNA barcoding techniques were developed from early DNA sequencing work on microbial communities using the 5S rRNA gene. In 2003 ...
... is a UK-based company that specialises in DNA testing and analysis whose head office is in the UK with facilities in ... In 2019, Living DNA was reported to provide, for each DNA sample tested, recent (less than 80,00 years) ethnic breakdown for 80 ... It is one of the major DNA testing services in the world. The company conducts three types of DNA analyses: autosomal, Y- ... In 1999 Nicholson founded another company, DNA Worldwide, which he has been running since. In July 2018, Living DNA announced ...
Reduced expression of DNA repair genes causes deficient DNA repair. When DNA repair is deficient DNA damages remain in cells at ... Biology portal Accelerated aging disease Aging DNA Cell cycle DNA damage (naturally occurring) DNA damage theory of aging DNA ... Human DNA Repair Genes 3D structures of some DNA repair enzymes Human DNA repair diseases DNA repair special interest group DNA ... due to errors in DNA replication, in which the wrong DNA base is stitched into place in a newly forming DNA strand, or a DNA ...
... is an international, peer-reviewed journal of genomics and DNA research. The journal was established in 1994, and ... is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Kazusa DNA Research Institute. The journal is edited by Michio Oishi. ...
91% of the largest forensic DNA database in the world, the National Criminal Intelligence DNA Database (NDNAD), contains DNA ... and the destruction of DNA samples and DNA information. However, the bill failed to pass as it could not translate into any ... the Act on Forensic DNA Analysis of 2005 introduced provisions that included exact and limited legal grounds for the use of DNA ... DNA-information can be used to solve criminal cases by establishing a match between a known suspect of a particular crime and ...
... has long been thought to have a circular structure, but some evidence suggests that chloroplast DNA more ... Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of ... image Chloroplast DNA Interactive gene map of chloroplast DNA from Nicotiana tabacum. Segments with labels on the inside reside ... coded by the chloroplast DNA that tightly packs each chloroplast DNA ring into a nucleoid has been found. In primitive red ...
It is also possible to synthesize a target DNA strand for a DNA construct. Short strands of DNA known as oligonucleotides can ... DNA constructs can be as small as a few thousand base pairs (kbp) of DNA carrying a single gene, using vectors such as plasmids ... A DNA construct is an artificially-designed segment of DNA borne on a vector that can be used to incorporate genetic material ... A DNA construct contains a DNA insert, called a transgene, delivered via a transformation vector which allows the insert ...
ADAR1 DNA supercoil E3L Mechanical properties of DNA Proteopedia Z-DNA Satellite DNA Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) Zuotin ... Z-DNA is thought to be one of three biologically active double-helical structures along with A-DNA and B-DNA. Left-handed DNA ... Z-DNA is quite different from the right-handed forms. In fact, Z-DNA is often compared against B-DNA in order to illustrate the ... As Z-DNA has been researched more thoroughly, it has been discovered that the structure of Z-DNA can bind to Z-DNA binding ...
The transfer DNA (abbreviated T-DNA) is the transferred DNA of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of some species of bacteria such ... T-DNA tagging mutagenesis involves screening of populations by T-DNA insertional mutations. Collections of known T-DNA ... This nick creates a region of single stranded DNA from the left border of the T-DNA gene over to the right border which was cut ... The integration of T-DNA into a host genome involves the formation of a single-stranded nick in the DNA at the right border of ...
DNA boxes: Ke Y, Sharma J, Liu M, Jahn K, Liu Y, Yan H (June 2009). "Scaffolded DNA origami of a DNA tetrahedron molecular ... DNA machines: Feng L, Park SH, Reif JH, Yan H (September 2003). "A two-state DNA lattice switched by DNA nanoactuator". ... DNA nanotechnology is sometimes divided into two overlapping subfields: structural DNA nanotechnology and dynamic DNA ... Escher and an array of DNA six-arm junctions. Several natural branched DNA structures were known at the time, including the DNA ...
... ing is important for DNA packaging within all cells. Because the length of DNA can be thousands of times that of a ... Negative supercoiling is also thought to favour the transition between B-DNA and Z-DNA, and moderate the interactions of DNA ... Supercoiling is also required for DNA/RNA synthesis. Because DNA must be unwound for DNA/RNA polymerase action, supercoils will ... DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given ...
Devo (2000). Recombo DNA (CD liner notes). Los Angeles: Rhino Handmade. RHM2 7718. Sebastian, Matt. "Devo rarities 'Recombo DNA ... Recombo DNA is culled from cassettes, reel-to-reel tapes, multi-tracks and DATs from the Devo archives, with an emphasis on ... Recombo DNA is a collection of studio demos and unreleased tracks by the American new wave band Devo. It was originally ... Devo (2017). Recombo DNA (LP liner notes). United Kingdom: Futurismo Inc. FUTNO27. "Pyramid: Are We Not Gamers? Devo ...
In the PCR, DNA fragments with sufficiently overlapping sequences will anneal to each other and then be extended by DNA ... Since DNA shuffling enables the recombination of genes, protein activities can be enhanced. For example, DNA shuffling has been ... DNA shuffling allows for the fabrication of retroviral vectors with these attributes. For example, DNA shuffling with molecular ... In 1994, Willem P.C. Stemmer published the first paper on DNA shuffling. Since the introduction of the technique, DNA shuffling ...
... refers, in business jargon, to organizational culture. It is a metaphor based on the biological term DNA, the ... Zwas, Aaron (1 April 2008). "Decode Your Company's DNA". NY Report. RSL Media. Retrieved 2013-10-08. "Linking a brand's DNA to ... Baksin, Ken (2012). Corporate DNA. Routledge. ISBN 9781136014659. Bray, Nicholas (21 July 2011). "The DNA of the World's Most ... via that organization's DNA, and that the DNA of the culture of the company is established "during its initial stages" ...
... hachimoji DNA could also be used "to develop clean diagnostics for human diseases, in DNA digital data storage, DNA barcoding, ... to make double-stranded DNA. Hachimoji DNA is similar to natural DNA but differs in the number, and type, of nucleobases. ... DNA and RNA are naturally composed of four nucleotide bases that form hydrogen bonds in order to pair. Hachimoji DNA uses an ... The hachimoji DNA system produced one type of catalytic RNA (ribozyme or aptamer) in vitro. Natural DNA is a molecule carrying ...
Sutton MD, Walker GC (July 2001). "Managing DNA polymerases: coordinating DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination". ... The main function of DNA polymerase is to synthesize DNA from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. The DNA copies ... DNA polymerase V (Pol V) is a Y-family DNA polymerase that is involved in SOS response and translesion synthesis DNA repair ... They described the DNA replication process by which DNA polymerase copies the base sequence of a template DNA strand. Kornberg ...
As DNA degrades over time, the nucleotides that make up the DNA may change, especially at the ends of the DNA molecules. The ... Another problem with ancient DNA samples is contamination by modern human DNA and by microbial DNA (most of which is also ... Nuclear DNA degrades at least twice as fast as mtDNA. Early studies that reported recovery of much older DNA, for example from ... The DNA sequence of even older nuclear DNA was reported in 2021 from the permafrost-preserved teeth of two Siberian mammoths, ...
... may be degraded by endonucleases. The linkers are short double stranded DNA segments which are formed of ... The linkers can be synthesized chemically and can be ligated to the blunt end of foreign DNA or vector DNA. These are then ... In molecular biology, linker DNA is double-stranded DNA (38-53 base pairs long) in between two nucleosome cores that, in ... Linker DNA is seen as the string in the "beads and string model", which is made by using an ionic solution on the chromatin. ...
... in the cytoplasm has been found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less ... One of these is 6-kb linear DNA and the second is 35-kb circular DNA. These DNA molecules have been researched as potential ... 5S ribosomal DNA and telomere DNA. Certain organisms, such as yeast, rely on chromosomal DNA replication to produce eccDNA ... the mtDNA is more susceptible to DNA damage than nuclear DNA. In cases where mtDNA damage does occur, the DNA can either be ...
For example, plant DNA can be joined to bacterial DNA, or human DNA can be joined with fungal DNA. In addition, DNA sequences ... Using recombinant DNA technology and synthetic DNA, any DNA sequence can be created and introduced into living organisms. ... Preparation of DNA to be cloned, (4) Creation of recombinant DNA, (5) Introduction of recombinant DNA into the host organism, ( ... the foreign DNA contained within the recombinant DNA construct may or may not be expressed. That is, the DNA may simply be ...
... is DNA contained in structures called mitochondria rather than the nucleus. Learn about genetic conditions related to mtDNA ... This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. In humans, mitochondrial DNA spans about 16,500 DNA building ... Mitochondrial DNA is prone to somatic mutations, which are a type of noninherited mutation. Somatic mutations occur in the DNA ... Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. ...
Publications Using DNA Specimens and/or Genetic Data Repository. A list of publications resulting from collected DNA samples ... DNA was purified from whole blood of participants aged 20 years and over. Aliquots of purified DNA were normalized to ... For NHANES III Phase II (1991-1994), DNA concentrations per sample vary and are estimated to range from 7.5-65 nanograms of DNA ... DNA Samples. DNA samples are available for NHANES III, 1999-2002, 2007-08, 2009-10, and 2011-12. ...
DNA exists in many possible conformations that include A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms, although only B-DNA and Z-DNA have been ... In DNA replication, DNA-dependent DNA polymerases make copies of DNA polynucleotide chains. To preserve biological information ... DNA at Curlie DNA binding site prediction on protein DNA the Double Helix Game From the official Nobel Prize web site DNA under ... DNA can be twisted like a rope in a process called DNA supercoiling. With DNA in its "relaxed" state, a strand usually circles ...
The blood-based test for ctDNA "can detect tumor DNA in circulation and thus identify even a microscopic cancer that would not ... "The study is important, as it aims to correlate the level of circulating tumor DNA in patients with known GI malignancies with ... "A blood-based test on circulating tumor DNA is promising as a biomarker for cancer risk, prognosis, or recurrence," Aasma ... Circulating Tumor DNA Test May Help Guide GI Cancer Management - Medscape - Oct 23, 2022. ...
The study, published in Current Biology, shows that DNA from five locks of hair - all dating from the last seven years of ... Beethovens DNA. Scientists have sequenced Beethovens genome from locks of his hair, revealing clues to the composers health ... The team found the strongest connection between the DNA extracted from the Stumpff lock of Beethovens hair and people living ... "Through the combination of DNA data and archival documents, we were able to observe a discrepancy between Ludwig van ...
... - sounds like a lofty goal brought down from the ivory towers of an MBA or marketing program, ... enterprises need to go deeper to transform their IT DNA. To help them do this, while realizing all of open sources value, ... Transforming Organizational DNA - sounds like a lofty goal brought down from the ivory towers of an MBA or marketing program, ... In addition to consuming open source, enterprises need to go deeper to transform their IT DNA. To help them do this, while ...
HPV DNA Typing. The two common methods for HPV DNA testing are the Hybrid Capture II (HC II) and the polymerase chain reaction ... HPV DNA testing is the preferred approach in the treatment of women whose Pap test results show atypical squamous cells of ... HPV DNA testing is also useful in the management of CIN in certain situations. Detailed consensus guidelines for management of ... The test, the cobas HPV Test, detects DNA from 14 high-risk HPV types in cervical cell samples. A positive test for HPV type 16 ...
DNA profiles from juvenile offenders and from adults who have been arrested but not convicted would be... ... Your DNA Please. Mike Alissi , 4.16.2003 7:32 AM. Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on RedditShare by emailPrint friendly ... USA Today reports: "DNA profiles from juvenile offenders and from adults who have been arrested but not convicted would be ... added to the FBIs national DNA database under a Bush administration proposal." (link via Drudge) ...
The main objective of the project is to assess and validate the role of DNA methylation as objective marker of WTC exposure- ...
... - Genomics and Precision Health Blog ... Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is extracellular strands of DNA present ... The Use of Cell-free DNA in Clinical Practice: Work in Progress. A recent review outlines the use of circulating tumor DNA ( ... Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a specific type of cfDNA that originates from a primary tumor, circulating Read More , ...
Heres our experience with 23andMe DNA testing, including picking the right DNA test, sending in a sample of your DNA, and ... 23andMe DNA test. Detailed and fascinating DNA testing Reviews By Becca Caddy ... For example, doing this with our mums DNA was fascinating, as we could see exactly which DNA segments we have in common. ... what percentage of your DNA is likely to have come from a Neanderthal line) and information about your DNA relatives. ...
DNA. Each of Biowells millimeter-wide chips contains unique fragments of synthetic DNA. Manufacturers could embed the chips in ... which emits a distinct signal caused by its interaction with the DNA. Each product could be matched with a specific type of DNA ... With the vast number of possible sequences, the DNA would be extremely difficult to replicate. Biowell launched the chip in ...
DNA adducts are a form of DNA damage caused by covalent attachment of a chemical moiety to DNA. Adducts that are not removed by ... The HMCES DNA-protein cross-link functions as an intermediate in DNA interstrand cross-link repair New data show that the HMCES ... DNA damage during chromothripsis is caused by deoxyinosine formation on accumulated RNA-DNA hybrids in micronuclei that are ... Repair of topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) DNA protein crosslinks (DPC) limits the efficacy of the TOP1 inhibitor irinotecan in cancer ...
GENOMIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY The genomic DNA is found in the nucleus of each cell in the human body and ... Mitochondrial DNA is a small part of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell. There are 16,569 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA which only ... Mitochondrial DNA. GENOMIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY The genomic DNA is found in the nucleus of each cell in ... Mitochondrial Dna Research Paper. there are two locations the DNA comes from-- the nucleus and the mitochondria. The DNA from ...
Computing with DNA. This project taps into an emerging field known as DNA computing. Data we commonly send and receive in ... The DNA circuit and protein activity was turned "on" by specific RNA/DNA sequence inputs, while in the absence of said inputs ... Here, scientists have repurposed the DNA code to design logic-gated DNA circuits. ... Next, the protein was attached to the DNA to make protein-DNA conjugates. ...
The DOJ once upped its efforts to eliminate a DNA backlog. But its lobbyists ties make that tough. ... The DOJ once upped its efforts to eliminate a DNA backlog. But its lobbyists ties make that tough. ... He added that the company is working "within the U.S. to further speed up the adoption of DNA legislation" and that DNA ... Patty Murray (D-Wash.), who co-sponsored a 2002 DNA backlog reduction bill and more recently steered about $1 million in DNA- ...
There are two general classes of DNA repair; the direct reversal of the chemical process generating the damage and the ... Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates: DNA Repair.. *Eker, A.P. et al. 2009. DNA repair in mammalian cells: Direct DNA damage ... DNA repair can be divided into a set of mechanisms that identify and correct damage in DNA molecules. There are two general ... The direct reversal DNA repair mechanism. Direct reversal of DNA damage is a mechanism of repair that does not require a ...
... is a laboratory technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases (A, C, G, and T) in a DNA molecule. ... DNA Sequencing. In terms of information, DNA is like printed text. There is a method of storing the data (the printed word), a ... DNA sequencing refers to the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA ... Reading DNA through DNA sequencing has expanded access to the information in our genomes. The ongoing challenge going forward ...
This DNA sequencer machine reads a small DNA section called the barcode. ... DNA Detective Join scientist George Amato on his quest to stop criminals smuggling illegal goods. ... If we identify the DNA sequence, we can identify the animal species! ...
Selective nanofilters for proteins, DNA. University of California - Davis. Journal. Langmuir. Funder. National Science ... Selective nanofilters for proteins, DNA Peer-Reviewed Publication University of California - Davis ... to build small-scale devices for research in genomics by sorting mixtures of different proteins or DNA molecules. The filter ...
DNA repair 19:27-37. [Abstract Williams JS, Kunkel TA. (2014) Ribonucleotides in DNA: Origins, repair and consequences. DNA ... Proofreading of ribonucleotides inserted into DNA by yeast DNA polymerase ɛ. DNA repair 2012 11(8):649-56. [Abstract Williams ... Proofreading of ribonucleotides inserted into DNA by yeast DNA polymerase ɛ. DNA repair 2012 11(8):649-56.] ... DNA Repair 7, 1824-1834.]. *McCulloch, S.D. and Kunkel, T.A. (2008) The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and ...
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Keywords - HPV, head and neck cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA ... Oncotarget published "Human papilloma virus circulating tumor DNA assay predicts treatment response in recurrent/metastatic ... Oncotarget: DNA assay predicts treatment response in head and neck carcinoma The authors developed and analytically validated a ... Oncotarget: DNA assay predicts treatment response in head and neck carcinoma. Impact Journals LLC ...
Continuing with the theme of DNA replication, she joined the DNA Replication Fidelity group as an IRTA Postdoctoral Fellow at ... In her current position as a biologist, her focus on human DNA polymerases continues and expands towards studying genome-wide ... How DNA is Made in Cells, and the Consequences of Making Mistakes ... Her interests are directed towards understanding the fidelity of human DNA polymerases in addition to studying proteins ...
DNA Analysis Leads To Arrest In Murder Of 77-Year-Old A 41-year-old man is facing murder charges after a DNA analysis led to ... DNA From Ball Cap Used In Arrest Of Murder Suspect Police used DNA found inside a baseball cap to arrest a murder suspect in ... DNA Expert Discredited, Barred From Testifying At Denver Trial Prosecutors say a man who has testified as a DNA expert in the ... DNA Test Shows Teen Claiming To Be Timmothy Pitzen Is Not Missing Boy DNA test results expected Thursday could confirm whether ...
DNA Repair. Students may know that our DNA sequence can become damaged due to genetic or environmental factors, and this can ... To learn more about DNA and how it is used by forensic scientists, students will isolate their own DNA from saliva! Using their ... In the forensics module, students learn how DNA is analyzed by forensic scientists in order to link a DNA sample to a ... 2017 PA DNA Day Modules. High school teachers in the Lehigh Valley who participate have the choice of one of the following ...
... the impressive creation is made of meticulously folded strands of DNA ... But by using short strands of DNA, containing bits that do not stick to the main strand, it is possible to cause parts of the ... It is not the first time DNA has been used to make structures - the idea was originally developed by Nadrian Seeman at New York ... To make the nano-map, Rothemund first needed to create a suitable "canvas". He used a single strand of DNA from a bacteria- ...
Dr Hamer, who in 1993 claimed to have identified a DNA sequence linked to male homosexuality, said the existence of the "god ... After comparing more than 2,000 DNA samples, an American molecular geneticist has concluded that a persons capacity to believe ...
DNA is pretty fragile and probably wont survive on your skin for long enough. Also the contribution from your own DNA in the ... The most used DNA recovering techniques use the PCR method whereby two short strands of DNA(primers) are used to make more ... sequences with random DNA between the primers. A solution of this chaff DNA will contain orders of magnitude more (nonsense) ... needing much less dna to contaminate the incriminating sample. Any biology student trained in DNA recombination techniques will ...
  • The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands are bound together, according to base pairing rules (A with T and C with G), with hydrogen bonds to make double-stranded DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both strands of double-stranded DNA store the same biological information. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are thus antiparallel. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNA strands are created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription, where DNA bases are exchanged for their corresponding bases except in the case of thymine (T), for which RNA substitutes uracil (U). Under the genetic code, these RNA strands specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins in a process called translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA does not usually exist as a single strand, but instead as a pair of strands that are held tightly together. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is extracellular strands of DNA present in body fluids. (cdc.gov)
  • Now, a research team at the University of Delaware has developed technology to program strands of DNA into switches that turn proteins on and off. (udel.edu)
  • Once we had designed the system, we had to first go into the lab and attach these DNA strands to various proteins we wanted to be able to control," said study author Rebecca P. Chen, a doctoral student in chemical and biomolecular engineering (no relation to Wilfred Chen). (udel.edu)
  • The custom sequence designed DNA strands were ordered from a manufacturer while the proteins were made and purified in the lab. (udel.edu)
  • The repair of damage to both DNA strands is particularly important in maintaining genomic integrity. (news-medical.net)
  • Homologous recombination involves the exchange of nucleotide sequences to repair damaged bases on both strands of DNA through the utilization of a sister chromatid. (news-medical.net)
  • The strand was folded over and over at regular intervals using smaller strands of complementary DNA, which pull two parts of the strand together to create each fold. (newscientist.com)
  • This "denaturing" is a method in which scientists separate the two interdependent DNA strands into single-stranded molecules. (bibalex.org)
  • After that, they reduce the size of the long DNA strands into smaller easier-to-manage parts, marking each part by adding a florescent dye. (bibalex.org)
  • These fragments are heated up to separate the two strands and made to re-anneal (pair up again) in the presence of a DNA polymerase, an enzyme that synthesize DNA. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Therefore, when it is necessary to synthesize specific protein, small region of DNA is unwound, the two strands are disconnected, and the information on the protein structure with one of the DNA strands is written in form of RNA, single-stranded molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In showing that the molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) consisted of two intertwining strands wrapped in a paired helix around a central axis, they had explained one of the most important mysteries of life. (freerepublic.com)
  • These nucleotides like to pair up - A with T, C with G - and so two complementary strands of DNA will pair up like a zipper to form DNA's double helix - a structure so sturdy it can even survive a blast into space. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • DNA strands are held together by the strong base pairing interactions of A, C, G and T. Weaker 'stacking' forces help the pairs of strands coil into DNA's double-helix shape. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • The self avoiding walk (SAW) model of the polymer has been extended to study the equilibrium properties of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) where two strands of the dsDNA are modeled by two mutually attracting self-avoiding walks (MASAWs) in the presence of an attractive surface. (lu.se)
  • What's more, the DNA has a negative electrical charge, which makes the tangled up strands repel each other. (lu.se)
  • of the length of the DNA strands that are propelled into the bacteria. (lu.se)
  • A large part of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the vast number of possible sequences, the DNA would be extremely difficult to replicate. (technologyreview.com)
  • Classical nonhomologous end joining connects the break ends without a homologous template through the use of short DNA sequences called microhomologies. (news-medical.net)
  • The tube is lined with DNA sequences that will latch onto disease markers and nothing else. (electrochem.org)
  • Sections of DNA can be cut out or replaced with randomized sequences with no apparent effect on the organism (Nóbrega et al. (talkorigins.org)
  • Cytosine rich DNA sequences can fold into a structure called an i-motif. (news-medical.net)
  • The G-rich sequences can fold in to a non-B-DNA structure called G-quadruplex. (news-medical.net)
  • Microchip technology was developed from Southern blotting, which is a way used in molecular biology to discover particular DNA sequences. (bibalex.org)
  • When sequences of DNA which did not appear to code for protein were discovered, some evolutionists suggested that these represented 'junk' or 'vestigial' DNA, left-overs of our supposed evolutionary ancestry. (creation.com)
  • Non-target DNA binding affinity scales with PAM density, and sequences fully complementary to the guide RNA but lacking a nearby PAM are ignored by Cas9-RNA. (nature.com)
  • Hidden within our DNA are repetitive sequences known as transposable elements. (lu.se)
  • The wizard will automatically skip DNA that has too low concentration as indicated by the selected protocol (default value is 500ng in 10µl). (lu.se)
  • As people age, mitochondrial DNA accumulates damaging mutations, including deletions and other changes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Certain mitochondrial DNA mutations have been found to result in mitochondrial dysfunction and have been found to be heavily implicated in the aging process as well as various age-related disorders and diseases. (bartleby.com)
  • Changes to the structure of DNA can cause mutations and genomic instability, leading to cancer. (news-medical.net)
  • Some sections of DNA are corrupted copies of functional coding DNA, but mutations in them, such as stop codons early in the sequence, show that they cannot have retained the same function as the coding copy. (talkorigins.org)
  • Mutations in functional regions of DNA show evidence of selection -- nonsilent changes occur less often that one would expect by chance. (talkorigins.org)
  • The DNA microchip is a novel tool to analyze mutations in genes, such as Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) and Breast Cancer 2 (BRCA2), which cause breast and ovarian cancers. (bibalex.org)
  • However, if the patient has these mutations, their DNA will not attach normally in this area. (bibalex.org)
  • Cancer nowadays is classified according to the organ where the tumor grows, but using DNA microchips will enable scientists to classify it based on gene mutations in tumor cells. (bibalex.org)
  • The damage of the DNA, if not repaired, leads to accumulation of mutations, cell death, and to the development of various diseases, including neurodegenerative, e.g. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Transposable elements have the unique ability to move within our DNA, causing or reversing mutations, altering genes, and even affecting the size of our genome. (lu.se)
  • The nucleotide contains both a segment of the backbone of the molecule (which holds the chain together) and a nucleobase (which interacts with the other DNA strand in the helix). (wikipedia.org)
  • A visual of the mitochondrial DNA molecule shows where the DNA gets analyzed by forensic geneticists, the hypervariable regions 1 and 2. (bartleby.com)
  • DNA sequencing refers to the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule. (genome.gov)
  • At the heart of DNA evidence is the biological molecule itself, which serves as an instruction manual and blueprint for everything in your body (see How Cells Work for details). (howstuffworks.com)
  • A DNA molecule is a long, twisting chain known as a double helix. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The DNA molecule is chemically unstable giving rise to DNA lesions of different nature. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The dense packing allows DNA molecule with a length of about two meters to fit into a microscopic cell nucleus, but it makes significant surfaces of the DNA inaccessible for the repair enzymes -- the proteins that manage the "repair" of damaged DNA regions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Here we use single-molecule and bulk biochemical experiments to determine how Cas9-RNA interrogates DNA to find specific cleavage sites. (nature.com)
  • DNA sequencing determines the order of the four chemical building blocks - called "bases" - that make up the DNA molecule. (genome.gov)
  • Overview of Genetics A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The remaining genes provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are chemical cousins of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • DNA repair can be divided into a set of mechanisms that identify and correct damage in DNA molecules. (news-medical.net)
  • The technology could potentially be used, for example, to build small-scale devices for research in genomics by sorting mixtures of different proteins or DNA molecules. (eurekalert.org)
  • These results reveal how Cas9 uses PAM recognition to quickly identify potential target sites while scanning large DNA molecules, and to regulate scission of double-stranded DNA. (nature.com)
  • cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). This pairing is the basis for the mechanism by which DNA molecules are copied when cells divide, and the pairing also underlies the methods by which most DNA sequencing experiments are done. (genome.gov)
  • Usually, the NOE and NMRD in B-DNA is expected to be less ``integral'' than methods can only provide bounds on the residence water molecules buried inside proteins. (lu.se)
  • Some of the genetic changes alter single DNA building blocks (nucleotides), whereas others rearrange larger segments of mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • A biopolymer comprising multiple linked nucleotides (as in DNA) is called a polynucleotide. (wikipedia.org)
  • In cells, the arrangement of these four nucleotides determines the output-the proteins made by the DNA. (udel.edu)
  • The non-defective strand is used as a template with the damaged DNA on the other strand removed and replaced by the synthesis of new nucleotides. (news-medical.net)
  • A group of researchers, lead by Vasily M. Studitsky, studied the mechanism of detection of single-stranded DNA breaks at which the connection is lost between nucleotides on one strand in the places where the DNA is associated with histones. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus as nuclear DNA, and some in the mitochondria as mitochondrial DNA or in chloroplasts as chloroplast DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome that is found inside mitochondria. (bartleby.com)
  • Mitochondria and Mitochondrial DNA are only passed from mother to offspring through the egg. (bartleby.com)
  • there are two locations the DNA comes from-- the nucleus and the mitochondria. (bartleby.com)
  • The DNA from the mitochondria is called the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), this DNA has over 16,000 base pairs (bps) that can be used to view the the lineage of a person's history. (bartleby.com)
  • The Kit is also effective for separation of organelle DNA (e.g. mitochondria, chloroplast) from eukaryote nuclear DNA. (neb.com)
  • Mitochondria contain DNA in a single circular chromosome containing 37 genes that code for 13 proteins, various RNAs, and several regulating enzymes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The DNA circuit and protein activity was turned "on" by specific RNA/DNA sequence inputs, while in the absence of said inputs the system stayed "off. (udel.edu)
  • Using the newly developed technology, researchers could target any DNA sequence of their choosing and attach and control any protein they want. (udel.edu)
  • Establishing the sequence of DNA is key to understanding the function of genes and other parts of the genome. (genome.gov)
  • If we identify the DNA sequence, we can identify the animal species! (amnh.org)
  • Students may know that our DNA sequence can become damaged due to genetic or environmental factors, and this can lead to disease including many forms of cancer. (lehigh.edu)
  • Dr Hamer, who in 1993 claimed to have identified a DNA sequence linked to male homosexuality, said the existence of the "god gene" explained why some people had more aptitude for spirituality than others. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • The Tm of a DNA sample is dictated by its nucleotide sequence and ionic strength. (news-medical.net)
  • and a shorter sequence paired to a longer one will 'prime' the synthesis of DNA using the longer sequence as a template, until the complete double stranded DNA is restored. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Different variants of a gene or a DNA sequence, represented by the different colours are fragmented and reassembled to generate millions of recombinants all at once. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Competition assays provide evidence that DNA strand separation and RNA-DNA heteroduplex formation initiate at the PAM and proceed directionally towards the distal end of the target sequence. (nature.com)
  • The sequence tells scientists the kind of genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment. (genome.gov)
  • For example, scientists can use sequence information to determine which stretches of DNA contain genes and which stretches carry regulatory instructions, turning genes on or off. (genome.gov)
  • DNA microarrays exploit primary sequence data to measure transcript levels and detect sequence polymorphisms, for every gene, simultaneously. (medscape.com)
  • The enzymes remove the damaged base forming an AP site which is repaired by AP endonuclease before the nucleotide gap in the DNA strand is filled by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
  • The process involves the recognition of damage which is then cleaved on both sides by endonucleases before resynthesis by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
  • The third excision mechanism is called mismatch repair and occurs when mismatched bases are incorporated into the DNA strand during replication and are not removed by proofreading DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
  • 2022. Probing the mechanisms of two exonuclease domain mutators of DNA polymerase ε. (nih.gov)
  • With fragments re-annealing in a random way, the DNA polymerase can switch templates many times in the course of reassembly, and that is how different recombinants are generated. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • During the transcription of information (its rewriting into RNA) the RNA polymerase enzyme "rides" on the DNA chain, and stops when it finds the break. (sciencedaily.com)
  • At the same time, the RNA polymerase cannot detect discontinuities present in the other DNA strand. (sciencedaily.com)
  • According to our hypothesis, it occurs due to the formation of special small DNA loops in the nucleosome, although normally DNA wounds around the histone "spool" very tightly," -- says Vasily M. Studitsky, -- "The loops form when the DNA is coiled back on nucleosome together with polymerase. (sciencedaily.com)
  • RNA polymerase can "crawl" along the DNA loops nearly as well as on histone-free DNA regions, but when it stops near locations of the DNA breaks, it "panics," triggering the cascade of reactions to start DNA "repairs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Mitochondrial DNA is just a small part of the genome. (bartleby.com)
  • DNA encodes the cell genome and is therefore a permanent copy of a structure necessary for the correct functioning of a cell. (news-medical.net)
  • Her graduate work focused on DNA transactions in the herpes simplex type-1 genome. (nih.gov)
  • In her current position as a biologist, her focus on human DNA polymerases continues and expands towards studying genome-wide gene expression changes in yeast strains. (nih.gov)
  • When the cops look for DNA, it'll be such a big jumbled mass that no one genome will stand out. (halfbakery.com)
  • While the majority of DNA doesn't differ from human to human, some 3 million base pairs of DNA (about 0.10 percent of your entire genome) vary from person to person. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Around 98% of the DNA consists of non-coding regions, which are often involved in transcriptional and translational regulation of the genome. (news-medical.net)
  • Erbay Yigit, David I. Hernandez, Joshua T. Trujillo, Eileen Dimalanta, and C. Donovan Bailey (2014) Genome and Metagenome Sequencing: Using the Human Methyl-Binding Domain to Partition Genomic DNA Derived from Plant Tissues. (neb.com)
  • This type of genome-wide association study involves testing hundreds of thousands of DNA markers and using sophisticated statistical methods to pluck out those that seem to be predictive in people who carry an inherited disease. (technologyreview.com)
  • Many of these new technologies were developed with support from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Genome Technology Program and its Advanced DNA Sequencing Technology awards. (genome.gov)
  • The design and construction of a DNA microarray for any given microbial genome are straightforward. (medscape.com)
  • Adenovirus DNA : the viral genome and its expression / edited by Walter Doerfler. (who.int)
  • The backbone of the DNA strand is made from alternating phosphate and sugar groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, any DNA strand normally has one end at which there is a phosphate group attached to the 5′ carbon of a ribose (the 5′ phosphoryl) and another end at which there is a free hydroxyl group attached to the 3′ carbon of a ribose (the 3′ hydroxyl). (wikipedia.org)
  • New data show that the HMCES protein suppresses DNA double-strand break formation by cross-linking to and thereby stabilizing an abasic site generated during replication-coupled repair of a DNA interstrand cross-link, thus demonstrating a physiological role of HMCES in DNA repair. (nature.com)
  • A crime lab worker analyzes a DNA strand. (politico.com)
  • The technique exploits the fact that complementary base pairs of DNA will automatically stick together and involves folding a single strand of DNA in many different ways. (newscientist.com)
  • He used a single strand of DNA from a bacteria-destroying virus called M13 mp18. (newscientist.com)
  • Thin and long strand of the DNA is packed in the nucleus and can tear at the exit to the outside. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A single strand of DNA is made up of four different nucleotide "letters" - A, C, G and T - that together spell out our entire genetic code. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • We also note that at a moderate surface attraction, the desorbed-zipped DNA melts with an increase in temperature and the free strand (strand-I) gets re-adsorbed onto the surface. (lu.se)
  • But its DNA, its genetic material, is a strand that is about 17,000 nanometers long! (lu.se)
  • Her interests are directed towards understanding the fidelity of human DNA polymerases in addition to studying proteins involved in mismatch repair processes. (nih.gov)
  • These compacting structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA has an important job-it tells your cells which proteins to make. (udel.edu)
  • Previous work has shown how powerful DNA nanotechnology might possibly be, and we know how powerful proteins are within cells," said Rebecca P. Chen. (udel.edu)
  • Willem P.C. Stemmer of Affymax Research Institute in Palo Alto, California, published a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy Science in 1994, describing a technique for rapidly shuffling and recombining DNA in the laboratory that appears to generate recombinant proteins with greatly improved performances. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • In higher organisms DNA is bound with proteins in complexes called the nucleosome. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Every ~200 base pairs are organized in nucleosomes, consisting of eight histone proteins, which, like the thread on the bobbin, wound double helix of DNA, which is coiled into two supercoiled loops. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In humans, mitochondrial DNA spans about 16,500 DNA building blocks (base pairs), representing a small fraction of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are 16,569 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA which only code for 37 genes. (bartleby.com)
  • These are four stranded DNA structures which are held together through the intercalation of cytosine base pairs. (news-medical.net)
  • In the DNA double helix, the four chemical bases always bond with the same partner to form "base pairs. (genome.gov)
  • Once DNA base pairs are zipped up, they don't easily come apart. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • This stacking force helps keep base pairs in a DNA helix floating above each other, ensuring the rungs of the DNA ladder are neatly spaced. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • CHARLOTTE, N.C. - Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers can reflect treatment response, spare some additional treatment, or signal potential remission in those with metastatic cancer, a new study reveals. (medscape.com)
  • A blood-based test on circulating tumor DNA is promising as a biomarker for cancer risk, prognosis, or recurrence," Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH, told Medscape Medical News when asked to comment. (medscape.com)
  • The study is important, as it aims to correlate the level of circulating tumor DNA in patients with known GI malignancies with tumor burden and decision about using chemotherapy," added Shaukat, director of outcomes research in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at NYU Langone Health in New York City. (medscape.com)
  • A recent review outlines the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in clinical practice and the requirements necessary to extend the use of this technology for health impact. (cdc.gov)
  • Oncotarget published " Human papilloma virus circulating tumor DNA assay predicts treatment response in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma " which reported that despite the rising incidence of human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, treatment of metastatic disease remains palliative. (eurekalert.org)
  • Herein, the authors developed and analytically validated a new droplet digital PCR -based assay for HPV16 circulating tumor DNA and evaluated plasma HPV16 ctDNA for predicting treatment response in metastatic HPV OPSCC. (eurekalert.org)
  • Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes, all of which are essential for normal mitochondrial function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The microchip functions by getting a sample from the subject's blood and a control sample, which does not have any mutated genes, then scientists denature the DNA in the specimens. (bibalex.org)
  • DNA microarrays aid in discovering new genes, and learning about the functional and expressional levels according to various conditions. (bibalex.org)
  • In the study, researchers identified 26 areas of DNA involved in the development of epilepsy and 29 genes that are likely contributing to epilepsy within those areas. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm, in circular chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The group then tested the DNA circuits on E. coli bacteria and human cells. (udel.edu)
  • Are the recombinant viruses and bacteria, or their DNA, strictly contained within the laboratory? (i-sis.org.uk)
  • In Europe, 'tolerated releases' are allowed, and this include not only transgenic wastes consisting of dead bacteria and cells (with plenty of transgenic DNA), but also certain living bacteria deemed, by the companies concerned, not to pose a threat to health or the environment. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. (nature.com)
  • Immune cells called neutrophils pump out DNA-filled goo to trap invaders, and bacteria use DNA to reinforce their slime shields, protecting them against antibiotics. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • The blood-based test for ctDNA "can detect tumor DNA in circulation and thus identify even a microscopic cancer that would not be found by other conventional modalities like endoscopy or radiographic imaging," Apaar Dadlani, MBBS, who was an internal medicine resident at the University of Louisville in Kentucky at the time of the study, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • Repair of topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) DNA protein crosslinks (DPC) limits the efficacy of the TOP1 inhibitor irinotecan in cancer therapy. (nature.com)
  • Next, the protein was attached to the DNA to make protein-DNA conjugates. (udel.edu)
  • In this case, the scientists designed DNA circuits that controlled the activity of a protein that was responsible for conversion of the prodrug into its active form. (udel.edu)
  • Researchers have developed completely new nanowires by combining synthetic DNA and protein. (electrochem.org)
  • While both synthetic DNA and synthetic protein structures show great potential in the areas of direct delivery of cancer drugs and virus treatment customization, the hybridization of materials provides even more advantages. (electrochem.org)
  • It was DNA's versatility that lured lead author Hendrik Dietz from a career in protein engineering to DNA origami: "It impressed me so much - there's so much you can do with it! (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The following chromosomal conditions are associated with changes in the structure or number of copies of mitochondrial dna. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Changes in mitochondrial DNA are among the best-studied genetic factors associated with age-related hearing loss. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mitochondrial DNA is especially vulnerable because it has a limited ability to repair itself. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result, reactive oxygen species easily damage mitochondrial DNA, causing cells to malfunction and ultimately to die. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cells that have high energy demands, such as those in the inner ear that are critical for hearing, are particularly sensitive to the effects of mitochondrial DNA damage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some cases of cyclic vomiting syndrome, particularly those that begin in childhood, may be related to changes in mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • GENOMIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY The genomic DNA is found in the nucleus of each cell in the human body and represents a DNA source for most forensic applications. (bartleby.com)
  • Mitochondrial DNA is another type of material that can be used for body identification. (bartleby.com)
  • Mitochondrial DNA is a small part of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell. (bartleby.com)
  • With new technology scientists have come up with a way to insert mitochondrial DNA of a healthy egg to one that is genetically damaged or impaired. (bartleby.com)
  • thus, mitochondrial DNA comes only from the mother. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Maternal inheritance patterns characterize abnormalities of mitochondrial DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material present in every cell of the human body. (findlaw.com)
  • Here, scientists have repurposed the DNA code to design logic-gated DNA circuits. (udel.edu)
  • In the forensics module, students learn how DNA is analyzed by forensic scientists in order to link a DNA sample to a particular individual. (lehigh.edu)
  • To learn more about DNA and how it is used by forensic scientists, students will isolate their own DNA from saliva! (lehigh.edu)
  • The scientists were able to identify 26 distinct changes to the DNA in people living with epilepsy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Our first step in exploring DNA evidence is the crime scene -- and the biological evidence gathered there by detectives. (howstuffworks.com)
  • A child receives half of their genetic markers (DNA) from the biological mother and half from the biological father. (findlaw.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of DNA in forensic identification process in forensic dentistry since molecular biology is playing a role of great importance in the identification in more complex cases where biological traces are virtually nonexistent. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using a lab linked to a publicly accessible genetic-genealogical database called the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation Database , owned by Ancestry.com since 2012, a DNA profile that included YSTR and mtDNA - two genetic markers used to identify patrilineal and matrilineal relationships - was extracted. (wnd.com)
  • Within eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family DNA replicases and its consequences. (nih.gov)
  • Microbiome DNA analysis can be challenging due to the high percentage of host (eukaryotic) DNA present in many samples. (neb.com)
  • The NEBNext® Microbiome DNA Enrichment Kit enables enrichment of non-CpG-methylated DNA from samples contaminated with eukaryotic-cell DNA. (neb.com)
  • According to another study, when measured in a different solution, the DNA chain measured 22-26 Å (2.2-2.6 nm) wide, and one nucleotide unit measured 3.3 Å (0.33 nm) long. (wikipedia.org)
  • Damage to DNA is caused by the incorporation of incorrect nucleotide bases during DNA replication and the chemical changes caused by spontaneous mutation or exposure to environmental factors such as radiation. (news-medical.net)
  • Nucleotide excision repair is a widespread mechanism for repairing damage to DNA and recognizes multiple damaged bases. (news-medical.net)
  • 2014). Also, it can be hard to decipher between ancient genetic material and a modern human's genetic material, when the antiquated DNA arises from close relatives (Perry & Orlando, 2015). (bartleby.com)
  • Thesis Discussion DNA phenotyping serves to determine the physical attributes of a specific individual based off of genetic material that was left behind at a crime scene. (bartleby.com)
  • The test checks for changes in the cells' genetic material, which is also called DNA. (mayoclinic.org)
  • DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other examples "DNA artwork", creating using the same technique, include "smiley-faces", complex geometric shapes and a picture of a double helix with the letters "DNA" running above it. (newscientist.com)
  • B-DNA, or the right-handed double helix, is the most prevalent DNA structure under normal physiological conditions. (news-medical.net)
  • Part of the surface of the DNA helix is hidden, because it interacts with histones. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Everybody in Europe and the US should have their genetic fingerprints entered into an international database to enable law enforcement agencies to fight crime and terrorism in an unstable world, according to James Watson, the co-discoverer of the DNA double helix. (freerepublic.com)
  • The man who co-discovered the DNA double helix is an effusive purveyor of outrageous views, politically incorrect comments and scurrilous gossip. (freerepublic.com)
  • Someday, researchers could "plug and play" programmed DNA into a variety of cells to address a variety of diseases, said study author Wilfred Chen, Gore Professor of Chemical Engineering . (udel.edu)
  • The potential heart health benefits of omega-3s may be linked (in part at least) to their ability to protect the DNA in the cells lining blood vessels, according to a study from Japanese researchers. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Researchers have warned manufacturers of functional foods and supplements to keep polyphenol doses low, following conclusions that low concentrations protect but high concentrations may damage DNA. (nutraingredients.com)
  • However, researchers the world over are confirming that non-coding DNA holds critical clues to a vast range of diseases. (creation.com)
  • A group of researchers has discovered a new mechanism of DNA repair, which opens up new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A group of researchers, lead by Vasily M. Studitsky, professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, discovered a new mechanism of DNA repair, which opens up new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As part of the study, the researchers compared DNA from nearly 30,000 people living with epilepsy alongside DNA from more than 52,500 people without the condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Researchers at Lund University have discovered that a specific group of genetic elements in our DNA influence the development of the human brain, their study was published in Science Advances. (lu.se)
  • In Lund, researchers are investigating these repetitive regions of our DNA to understand the role transposable elements play in human brain development and evolution. (lu.se)
  • It is not the first time DNA has been used to make structures - the idea was originally developed by Nadrian Seeman at New York University, US - Rothemund's approach takes things to a new level of complexity. (newscientist.com)
  • These structures typically appear in promoter regions on DNA, and are thought to help with gene regulation. (news-medical.net)
  • But under specific conditions, the DNA may fold into hairpin or Z DNA structures where the DNA has a left-handed twist with a zigzag sugar phosphate backbone. (news-medical.net)
  • Non-B-DNA structures may lead to genomic instability and disorders. (news-medical.net)
  • Dietz and his team set out to find a way of making DNA structures that could move. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Dietz and his team have now designed and built DNA origami structures with moving parts that exploit these weak stacking interactions. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Before typical cell division, these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing a complete set of chromosomes for each daughter cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In human cells , DNA is tightly wrapped into 23 pairs of chromosomes. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Continuing with the theme of DNA replication, she joined the DNA Replication Fidelity group as an IRTA Postdoctoral Fellow at NIEHS. (nih.gov)
  • DNA damage during chromothripsis is caused by deoxyinosine formation on accumulated RNA-DNA hybrids in micronuclei that are then recognized by N -methyl-purine DNA glycosylase and cleaved by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease. (nature.com)
  • A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. (nature.com)
  • DNA microchips, also known as microarrays, are strong bases generally made of glass or silicon, upon which the DNA is added in an orderly way. (bibalex.org)
  • Cite this: Using DNA Microarrays to Study Host-Microbe Interactions - Medscape - Sep 01, 2000. (medscape.com)
  • Those promises notwithstanding, the lab ran the murder suspect's DNA profile against the Sorenson Database, identifying 41 potential family matches, with one matching on 34 of 35 alleles, or gene variants. (wnd.com)
  • on the outer part, every chip has many short, synthetic, single-stranded DNA arrangements that, as a group, form the normal gene. (bibalex.org)
  • The DNA of the gene is digested with the enzyme deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNAse 1) into random 10 to 50 bp (base-pair) fragments. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • When this recombinant is 'backcrossed' to the parental gene using the same DNA shuffling technique, which he later calls, 'molecular breeding', an enzyme that was 32 000 times as effective as the wild type enzyme was obtained. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Collecting and analyzing DNA evidence tops the list of the lab's forensic toolkit, and its ubiquity in shows like 'CSI' and 'Cold Case' has increased public awareness to the point that many jurors in real-world courtrooms expect to see DNA evidence presented -- whether a case calls for it or not. (howstuffworks.com)
  • But forensic samples from other crime scenes can include multiple sources of DNA. (wnd.com)
  • 3) No person shall use the results of forensic DNA analysis of bodily substances that are taken in execution of an order or authorization, except in accordance with this Act. (gc.ca)
  • The use of DNA profile in forensic dentistry testing offers a new perspective on human identification, is considered one of the major developments in the molecular biology of the XXI century. (bvsalud.org)
  • Each of Biowell's millimeter-wide chips contains unique fragments of synthetic DNA. (technologyreview.com)
  • To increase the variety of recombinants, short pieces of synthetic DNA can be added into the mixture. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • DNA microarray hybridization analysis stands out for its simplicity, comprehensiveness, data consistency, and high throughput. (medscape.com)
  • But at the same time, the Justice Department, along with Congress and state legislatures, began a push to have law enforcement collect more DNA, including from people arrested for nonviolent crimes. (politico.com)
  • During a stool DNA test you collect a stool sample. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Based on this evidence, a judge issued a warrant for officers to collect a DNA sample from Usry. (wnd.com)
  • There is no reason whatsoever to collect her DNA. (freerepublic.com)
  • These elements, once considered "Junk DNA", are now providing important clues as to how our brain has evolved to differ from that of our closest living relative, the chimpanzee. (lu.se)
  • For NHANES III Phase II (1991-1994), DNA concentrations per sample vary and are estimated to range from 7.5-65 nanograms of DNA per microliter with an average of approximately four micrograms of DNA in 100 µl. (cdc.gov)
  • Aliquots of purified DNA were normalized to concentrations of approximately 50 nanograms of DNA per microliter. (cdc.gov)
  • But even at ultra-low concentrations, the DNA grabs enough markers to slow the flow and signal the presence of disease. (electrochem.org)
  • According to the map's creator, Paul Rothemund at Caltech in Pasadena, US, DNA origami could prove hugely important for building future nano-devices including molecular machines and quantum computer components. (newscientist.com)
  • Baker admits the field of DNA origami started out as a way of testing how much the structure of DNA can be manipulated. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Nearly a decade ago, the Justice Department launched a $600 million effort to eliminate the backlog of untested DNA evidence sitting in crime labs and police departments nationwide. (politico.com)
  • Students will extract their own DNA from saliva and analyze REAL data from Dr. Sancar's Nobel-winning research. (lehigh.edu)
  • Thus the teeth and saliva are considered safe sources of obtaining DNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Figure 1: DNA curtains assay for target binding by Cas9-RNA. (nature.com)
  • The nanoscale map, which sketches out both North and South America at a staggering 200-trillionths of their actual size, aims to demonstrate the precision and complexity with which DNA can be manipulated using the approach. (newscientist.com)
  • But the DNA design principles the robots were built to demonstrate may one day have serious applications - from drug delivery systems built from DNA that target a particular site in the body, to nanoscale factories filled with DNA machines that churn out the drug to be delivered. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Direct reversal of DNA damage is a mechanism of repair that does not require a template and is applied to two main types of damage. (news-medical.net)
  • So you murder the clones and dispose of the bodies, leaving the whole DNA mechanism of crime detection in disrepute. (halfbakery.com)
  • Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is valuable as a screening tool in women older than 30 years. (medscape.com)
  • The NEBNext ® Microbiome DNA Enrichment Kit facilitates enrichment of microbial DNA from samples containing methylated host DNA (including human), by selective binding and removal of the CpG-methylated host DNA. (neb.com)
  • Even non-homologous DNA, from totally unrelated species can be recombined. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The main objective of the project is to assess and validate the role of DNA methylation as objective marker of WTC exposure-related breast cancer among general population of survivors, specifically women. (cdc.gov)
  • Methylation of guanine bases produces a change in the structure of DNA by forming a product that is complimentary to thymine rather than cytosine. (news-medical.net)
  • As one of the C- bases is protonated, the pH of the medium plays a critical role in the stability of i-DNA. (news-medical.net)
  • Larger pieces of DNA such as entire plasmids, viral and bacterial genomes can also be recombined. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Moreover, it cannot be sacrificed as the cell's nuclear DNA is is only present in two copies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When the cancer microRNAs were present and able to turn the DNA circuit on, cells were unable to grow. (udel.edu)
  • We then extract DNA from the skin cells. (amnh.org)
  • Also the contribution from your own DNA in the form of hair and skin cells will probably outweigh the masking DNA you added. (halfbakery.com)
  • A stool DNA test finds cells in a stool sample. (mayoclinic.org)
  • When cancer or polyps are present in the colon, they continuously shed cells that have DNA changes into the stool. (mayoclinic.org)
  • All it takes is a few cells to obtain enough DNA information to identify a suspect with near certainty. (howstuffworks.com)
  • An artist's impression of the i-motif DNA structure inside cells, along with the antibody-based tool used to detect it. (news-medical.net)
  • After comparing more than 2,000 DNA samples, an American molecular geneticist has concluded that a person's capacity to believe in God is linked to brain chemicals. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • Get your friend at the bloodbank to smuggle out 1000 different DNA samples (drops of blood). (halfbakery.com)
  • Reading DNA through DNA sequencing has expanded access to the information in our genomes. (genome.gov)